Bulletin - United States National Museum

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e , SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Buwuetin 152

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA
OF THE FAMILIES EURYALIDAE, PORTUNIDAE,
ATELECYCLIDAE, CANCRIDAE
AND XANTHIDAE

BY

MARY J. RATHBUN

Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum

ONIN Maiti
“ yQSONIAR PROT UT gS
& s\

Ni Vas TM, Use eee
ie Se are

~~

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1930

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - . - Price $2.00 (paper cover)

ADVERTISEMENT

The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.

The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium
for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of
the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology,
anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and
revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet
form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi-
zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub-
jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are
recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.

The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of
a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large
zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasion-
ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, cata-
logues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of
similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size,
but quarto size has been adopted in few instances in which large
plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear
volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National
Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical
collections of the Museum.

The present work forms No. 152 of the Bulletin series.

ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Wasuineton, D. C., April 14, 1930.

II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BR CCBA TE COE se Ne he crs Ue
Explanation of measurements and abbreviations used
The cancroid or cyclometopous crabs of America
Areolate markings on the carapace of crabs.._________________________
Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent
species on both sides of the contment......4=:--._..._.-.2.---.-_-- =
Bats POET CLCUCIACMERION 22 oho s os Dee
Keys to subtribes, superfamilies, and families_________________________
RCIA TACHA MGS 208 atte a Stee (SS Uw
i men Pusey ORG eed eas RE oa he Caan
ROTA Ncy OMG ck aa Bae ee 8 SS eda ee

GEMESESeIGOCOINEDe se 2 os Soke ica: Do! ee meu en
PAGUGOCONVALES SIGATIUS = 73h Fe cee Se

Mearns COT UU NeL es tie, See Re ee Une
publamily Carcimidinte 2 2 tee 2 eke eee
SCI CR LGRMIMCS 2.2) ape eg A er Se ee
HPramILy TOCA RernIIAe 2 2 ee ee FO
Gens: Ovalipeseiin a. oe ss tee ates Bo berg ae cee
Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus_.-....________________

occllatus oupdulpensiscce. 2622.2 eee oe ee

UNCER TURE 28) a. ee a oe Ce

Sets BAU YMCCtCh 222 2 = Se hee oy tae Ln ee
Bathynectes superba

Genus Coenophthalmus. — . - 212Gb a eee
Coenophthalmus tridentatus
Poupioertrialgy Aaa ae ck a eee Beh ea yea
REINS EO RD UMM ce jhe eed RE ae ae ee gee
Subgenus Porbunig 052052 ee lh al eee
POrtUMUs AQY1. .. 2. o-Ps SD ostioee ele,

PNCE PS she 2 oe peep eS. eeprom Sa!

VG IVUT AUIS oie i eos aeRO | oe

gibbesii

xantusii

vocans

Buleenug ACHEIONS A668 cing atcha singel oi OO
Portunus spinimanus
brevimanus

SbantOrdie gs ete ee te eh

ANPUStUS.. = =. serene weyeegt) _.. 52

OTUWAY | 4 ene ececrcs: tee Oo 2) NT

minimus

IV TABLE OF CONTENTS

Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued.
Family Portunidae—Continued.
Subfamily Thalamitinae—Continued.
Genus Portunus—Continued.

Subgenus Achelous—Continued. Page
Portulinis*depresstirums 22ers eee ete te ae 84
Dahamensissee cee ee eee ee 90

tUbER Cults rere ees SE ee eee yer 90

SPINICALD US eee ae ae e renee ae ee 92

ITIGESCENSER Se eee ae ee 93

Genus -Calinectes =¢2¥s> +2 Senne s seer see ee 98
Callinectes sa piduse cee meee aerate ee re 99
Sapidusvacuvidens# ees eeesee me ea an ae 111

elIiCOSUs Aes eats eR URS Are ee 112

OTSTNG GUS a ete ae eerie ee oh eee 114

CLEGG Ee et Bere Sh oy ee pe ee ee ny Sh 118

ATCUAUUS Se ese Ae aye eee a een ee 121

MAT FINALS aes eee een See ee eee 123

LOxOUES 24> = = Stews Rees See eee ore 2 127

HoCOUuntIA Ss ate ee, ee Seek 128

CXABPETSUUS 24 5 Ae oC ee eres oe ete ae cent eS 130

Genus -ipellac \ 2c See aes ee ee ere 132
upellastorcepss** = Sars eee tee ete ee res 133

J GORUIS ATE RACIST inert Se phe eek eee em e em ee re cE SS 134
ATENACUSICrIDIatil see) 2a eee eee pe 134

TEXT CATINISME See ee ee an a ad ee pp pe = es 137

Genus Croniup?t<-<453 == 2 Somer Ree 3 ae eye 138
Cronius- ruber 3 22s 5 21 7 eee me ee ee rere ole 139

GUYOT NU Se eee ee er eee ee es 142

Subfamily <Podophthalminae:*25= See ere at ene ne eee ee 143
Genus Wuphylax= 20 ae Bee ene Seen ee ee a 143
Huphylax(doyiieessa 2 oe Steet See ae eee Semmes oo oe 147
TODUSWUSS =. 22 5 Sane eee ee eee 148

Family Atelecyclidae. 2o422=-A.+ 2-5-2 eee eee a Se tee Se 148
Subfamily Atelecyclinae::( 8" see eis se eo ro 149
Genus? Velmessus aie ae Stee eine ere pe ee ee 150
‘Telmessuscheiragonus.= == 422 oe sas Sen She eee oases 150
Genus vm erus x SY Se een oe ea lee 155
PUM a CRUSMSED We Cai eee et eae eee pe 155
Genus: beltarion aye seers wee eee ee ee ee 160
Peltanion-spinulosumeees so6 ce cease ee 160
GexXpruMmiesec meee eae eo eee oe 161

Genus “Prachy Carcintig= 722 oe Se eS Se 164
*‘Lrachycarcinusicorallinuss =0 > se ee ee 165

SPIN Cee te ee ret ets eee er 166

(Gonus -[richopeltarian] sees ee aoe oe ee. 167
‘richopeltaran nope. temas = keene ee ee ee 168
Genus:-Pliosomiad 2=4- 4=-- Sees 2 eee i ee oe. 169
Phosoma,parviironsecee ne ne eee he ee 169
Subfamily Acanthocy clinke: Sere ee oe ee 170
Genus Acanthocyelis: te Paw secs ooo iiss ee ee 171
Acanthocyeltis-payt 2 s:ce eer: Se 28 he ee eh ee ee 171

el batrossis@ace me. oe ee ace 2 eee 172

ASSET et crete es) ate ee eel Me 173

TABLE

OF CONTENTS

Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued.
Family Atelecyclidae—Continued.
Subfamily Acanthocyclinae—Continued.

Genus Corystoides-_ _-

Corystaides:chilensis? 9225 ns ee int

Genus Bellia______---
Bellia picta___- ~~
Family Cancridae__..____-__-

Dlebe is ae a eae eregines ea
DOECE So nee ee ates oe ee
Inederwvaldbiis--- srmtgen ater so Ln kee
polyedon* 2) sens Lageriepe neat ane

productus- ---

SMPMOS TURE So Se eh Seta yaare
ACEH MAT Sa ere setaley airtel Apap ht es
branneniv sn: jas ee oro ph tne epee a Noe ee

jordanies== =a
anthonyi-_--_-_-
craciisesss. ==
magister __ _ __-

Oregonenkiss {i %:. 22 2S tel agny serttay peed:

Family Xanthidae_____-_ ee
Genus Carpilius. =. ~~ --_-
Carpilius corallinus__-

Genus Carpilodes- -_-__----

Carpilodes cinetimantse:: => "maar ade oo * eo eect

Genus Paraliomera_-_-_-_-_-_-

angusta_ —_-__

rufopunctata nodosa_ 2. du diovesnrnte ll pipet d 2

Sulcatal ea
palmeri-______
ACanGh aes
Genus Glyptoxanthus_____

Glypiosanthus erosus 2" etigtyiad «ho or eee) ere ets
Isbyrinithiousennetiet 22 oe ol OSL eee esr
Vermiculatuseaninae 20 oo oles See eres

Genus» Daira ss. 3) 2
Daira americana__-_-_-_
Genus Carpoporus_ -______

Carpoporus papulosus

Page
173
174
175
175
176
176
180
182
193
198
199
200
202
203
205
210
211
215
218
219
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226
233
239
240
241
242
243
243
244
246
247
248
249
250
251
254
255
256
257
259
260
261
263
263
266
266
268
268
269
269

wa TABLE OF CONTENTS

Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued.
Family Xanthidae—Continued.

Genus Lipaesthesius____________-_
Lipaesthesius leeanus_-------
Genus: Medseuss2. 2352. eee
Medaeus spinimanus- - - ~~~ __
Jobipess Sees ee

SpINWlife ree ees

Genus Gaudichaudia= 2222222525 —
Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii-___
Genus) Blatyxanthuse= === 252 seee
Platyxanthus orbignyi-------
crenulatus_ — -__

COkericoa ee ee

patagonicus____
GenusPhansd< Tt bls aces

Paraxanthusibanbigerss 5552-2 eee On oe A
Genus Homalaspis- - ------ er ey oe MeL SE ty ee
Homalaspisplanae ou 2 ee oe
Genus: Cy.cloxanthops=sas2s6 3 324 = ee 8 ee

Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus

VAC ES US et ee ie ed Ry ee Se 89 2 ee

NOVEM Genitals sa een ey

Genus) Phymodiusies 5 2 ee SESS 2 oe
Phymodilis maculatusey. 5222. Senge St ee

Genus Leptodius. 22 see eee

Meptoditisttl onic ain tis) S aes aes a Sri E HIP: S

occidentalis_ ___-_-
sanguineus__-_--_-

snodprassis =. 5.2 = ei Pere are aa EF

taboganus_----_-
PanvulUse ss ee

SPASSUAU Tl Se SN oc Oe

iridentabussy..32=

BUUNPSOMI GS es oy ee ee ee ee

Genus: Lophoxanthus:< 2264.00.02 os 5 Re et
Lophoxanthus: lametlipess—2-...+ i ek =
Genus: Metopocarcinus..—... elo. Sieben 2 2

Metopocarcinus truncatus__--_

Genus: Lophopanopeuss 2232 ee. 2 ae
Lophopanoapeus; bellus..200 2. e e Oe e

heathii_ — ___
frontalis____

distinctus__-
somaterianus

Page
270
272
273
274
275
276
278
278
279
280
281
283
284
286
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
294
295
296
297
301
302
303
304
305
307
308
310
31i
311
313
314
315
316
317
318
318
319
320
322
323
324
325
327
329
330
331
332

TABLE OF CONTENTS VII

Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued.

Family Xanthidae—Continued. Page
Genus) Panopeus. . ==... -Jetubtcolb sere sar ae) 333
Panopensberbstivescstecew tet Gap iiey acpoctoreeng hi = 335
fOrmM 4 Ly, PICAE as ea MA ee eee 335

LOTMA, ODESAS = 5m ee pee ek ee Ae ee 336

ROLIM AS CLASSS 2 5 acl 2 Rae Sg roe dee ee 336

LORMS: sim psoniten Mewes 0 te ee ees 337

pUrpUreus.. = 2.22 — eeepc See 344

Chilensisn 55/55 ein DE Se 346

occidentalis. 2: = -- eee 2 eee 348

FOLMA, LY PICas Atel oaee oe 22 ke eee 348

FORMA Serratia > pera yes oe Ae eee 349

CONVEXUIS= 25% <5 oo py gaphiegt 2 oe 2 ee 352

TUPOSUS# 2-252 ioe eB kee. oe 353

hart tie oo2 = <= = 53.5. ere ee eee ESE Bee NS 355

AMETICANUS= =. === 51S pte a ey berepee weer ye EE Fe 357

bermudensis. 22-5 2-2) Uefa te ee ager Pe 360

furpidua._..- =. Sutarespit apiinaweeia gt 2 we 364

poekele 6.2 22s 2. eRe. 2 a ee I eee 365

Genus Neopanope: == =2.5=-- 5-22 -=— = ee est aaeiee: Riera 2 _ 366
Neopanope texana, texana__.... 2222 0el semenlseaeiem 2 367
TOXANSSAYl oo ow = SE eee 369
packardil_.....2eerinedd gaiheasahi? uae 380

Genus Hexananopeus.-..+-.==..+.+-..s.- 20 42ee. Sua 383
Hexapanopeus angustifrons-___.-.-.-/-_-.-.-.--+-------- 384
schimittl_4— ==. = — == See ee A eee 393

palilensis.—- =. = awd gi hs joe prs 395

NICATACUENGIS ease hemo) | 8 ee 395

Oneutiie=.2 = eeealign 2 Se ee 397

sinaloensis§.=.- =243.--..- 22 Rhee eee 398

caribbacus=.....- -Sieveur sebalereeh toe: 399
hemphillii_.__......._. Beep OE etree 400
quinguederftatus.siesowoss seiae ht = 402

Gens, Purypanopeus= ..- ---- 55... Si igtaes* — eee 403
Eurypanopeus abbreviatus- -_------ eh GAR Rh. ee Lhe ae 404
abbreviatus ater. — seegitng =~ 22h 2 407
transSVersus.—2)—-=..-—5- eerie game ae 407

OVabUs 32332 ee pee 409

Gepressus: 3-4-5 -7 Speepiveaet . 22s a eee 410

dissimilis: 3. - AHAper Ss... 2 eae 411

Crenatls= =... Seeegeah 2 8 eee 418

DIAnUS= ........ eHaaieeiee o- 28 eae 420

planissinius...... .. Baxstioere-_ 2-2 ee 421

ler ENO ORO a 8 ee 422
Burydums limosum..... = .Sasbsreh..-.- = eae 423
tristan. eo = Ae D2 eee 425

SfHNGs eine eee oe 425

Genus, Micropanope: ._.... 5-73. naseneed. ee 426
Mieropanope: sculptipes...-...— siactelasseg. =. = 2 a 428
lobifrons=: .)-- > = speeengieghy 3 2s eae 429

Pusu. on RI 2 ee nea 431

latimanuss on Reet Se Lee ee ee 433

LKUMeRtiiroOnsas = 71 siege oe 433

MATS peter a8 ane Nes oe ee 438

VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS

Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued.
Family Xanthidae—Continued.
Genus Micropanope—Continued.
Micropanope xantusii taboguillensis____..__..._..---------
pranulimanuswes= Ae se ee Le

BDINIP ess 4 35) 5.52 eee ORR ER 2k 2 2 eT

barbadensisei.< 30 Seammerebeeh Oe ey

WaT Gl sa) oe eae a ek RR ASR a kN Oe

areolatas eee Sheree eo ee Se

PUT GGa Oi, eh Sa PRI Sg a

UNIS LOTS ait oS Pe

CrIstimanuss=-0-., 55 imeem ce SN

Genus hithbropanopeuses. 4 See eee
RhighropanopeussWarrisitss= == Ae eee wey ee See

Genus Tetraxanthus-_

etraxanthusibidentatuss 2 22 eee ee Se
MTTO SUB nyse ie Pi oe hes Se 2 2

Genus Ectaesthesius_

Hetaesthesius:bifnon sso eee ae ee ae ge ee

Genus Chlorodiella__

Chicrodiellanlongimanaa = ae eee eee ee

Genus Xanthias____

Nanthiaswnornavuse = = ee eee eee Wer eee he eS

Genus Paraxanthias_

Paraxanthigs tavloritst.2 see. 2 ate re
INSculp tus eee aR ee eS
SULCATI SS oa ee era a ee

Genus Eucratodes--__

BiMeratoges agassizal. ... 2 Seaway eos

Genus Menippe-_----

Menippe mercenaria 22 Shee 2 oe ee
EO TUG AIDS hs eS a a ELEN

TNO GIEROMS eee See eRe ee eee

Genus Pilumnus-_ ---
Pilumnus sayi--_

AMG USE! oye ay eR ee Se ee
CArIDREUS_<5-.5— = ne ai oe aS
daisy podises.- 3. eee eee ea eee
SDIMOSISSINIUS 12 ee BE Se eee ee
PEA CUID EG 5

marshi

dilomedéacés 2 ee SI I Po
ONL Gai HE ag eae a
spinohirsutus se: Sosee soe ee ee ee a
POWNSENGL See ee ee eT
gonzalensis.-.2-5— Fee ee ee
depressus_------- sia OT ee ect he te ss
FRO TLCS peo sr ed

Page
439
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440
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472
477
478
479
481
484
486
491
493
494
499
499
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
510
510

TABLE OF CONTENTS Ix

Superfamily Brachyrhyncha—Continued.
Family Xanthidae—Continued.

Genus Pilumnus—Continued. Page
Pilummnisslacteusee sae eee ee ae oe a ae ee ees 511
PemmatUses Has ee 8 ee 513

PEARLS eet ae ee 514

PYPIIACUS SO ce oS ne eee ean mga ao ae 515

ATTN COUN See pet nee een ye ee Pe ee 518

INO OBE LUG US eer eee te nice eee arene snes 519

ECL C ULL UML eee err ae eee ees 521

LOEMIA UY PlCRE ee ne nok eee tee eee 522

OLTUTE USE sa yeh eee ee ee ee eel 522

{OTM TIAVOSA ese eee a =e ee ee 522

TVTUT GRIT STIL SS ees te 523

AtIMPSUM oe ae See ee eee 524

Genus Lobopilumnus-_------------------------------------- 525
Lobopilumnus agassizii- __----------------------------- 526
fornia Gy PICh= <2 ee ela alee 526

fornia PuUcCnkolan ne eee ee aa 526

A CHTETYD Sag LO TSTNR UL Cl TA SS ee 526

forma trinlagUeUsiss-) ose. es —oe 526

Genus Heteractaca----_------ a ee ance - 530
Heteractaea ceratopus-_-_-_----------------------------- 530

JTW Oa EN tfc ect i ia ee th eat ape oe he a 532

Genus Acidops!--2- 20-2 2-2 so v2 - = = 533
Acidops fimbriatus- ----------------------------------- 534
Gomis Pnuminoides one hee ee oe eee oe en ear 534
Pilumnoides perlatus---------------------------------- 535
TASS] Cee te eet ce Sere ee ee ere i 537

NUUIGUEROLIG) ta eo ak es a eee ees 538

RH OZR se re ee ee es eee we we ee mere 539
QrziS VCLTCAURLS To en te ee enn oe ee 540

Me GLC ULL ART SS a a ee 542

DeTIA Se ee eee eam nana ee 543

agassizii_ 2 -_-_-_1-----~----+------------------ 544

Genus Eriphia.2 22 s---0-5- 4 = ee 545
Eriphia gonagra_-__- 1 9 22-__-------------------------- 545
squamata_-_.----_-_----------~-------------- 550
granulosa--_--+2--_--+-£2*-=_----------------- dol

Geénu® Eriphides. {22 220222 b St 5 22-2 a 552
Eriphides hispida----_--.------------------------------ 552
Genus DONTECIa ee ee eee nL anno eae =e == 553
Domecia hispida-------------------------------------- 554
Genus Lrapeziner e800 kh Senne nn teen ee 556
Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea- - - ----------------------- 557
cymodoce maculata_ -------------------------- 558

digitalis 22/22. 20022Sl2_2 Leelee ----_ = 559

Genus Quadreliat 2S. 208. Bie ae ea 560
Quadrella nitida__---__--_----------------------------- 561
Genus Melybia_------------------------------------------ 561
Melybia thalamita- ------------- PEL SNS eee teers 562
Explanation of plates._..-.---------------------------------------- 564

10.
11.
12.

13.

14.
15.

16.

17:

18.

19;
20.
oi;
22.

23.
24.

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

TEXT FIGURES

. Diagrammatic dorsal view of a portunid crab, showing the terms used in

description. By W. L. Schmitt.

. Diagrammatic views of a portunid crab, showing the terms used in desc1ip-

tion. By W. L. Schmitt. A. Ventral. B.*Frontal.

. Carapace of a xanthid crab showing the principal areolations. After Dana.

Carcinides maenas, male, Woods Hole, dorsal view. After R. Rathbun.
Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus, male, Woods Hole, dorsal view. After R. Rath-
bun.

. Portunus (Portunus) sayz, male, natural size, dorsal! view.
. Poriunus (Portunus) sayt, outer maxilliped, enlarged.
. Portunus (Portunus) vocans, male (6930), carapace 23.5 mm. wide, dorsal

view.

. Portunus (Portunus) vocans, male (6930), carapace 23.5 mm. wide, ventral

view to show stridulating ridge.

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus, male (61277), outer maxilliped, < 3.

Portunus (Achelous) stanford, male, type, dorsal view, 1.5.

Portunus (Achelous) angustus, female, holotype, carapace 37.2 mm. wide,
dorsal view.

Portunus (Achelous) minimus, male, holotype, carapace 17 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

Portunus (Achelous) tridescens, female, type, outer maxilliped, < 8.

Callinectes, frontal outlines. a. sapidus. b. ornatus. c. sapidus acutidens.
d. danae. e. marginatus. f. exasperatus. g.bocourti. h. arcuatus. 1. toxotes.
k. bellicosus.

Callinectes, abdominal outlines of male. a. ornatus. b. danae. c. sapidus.
d. marginatus. e. bocourti. f. exasperatus. g. toxotes. h. arcuatus. 12.
bellicosus.

Callinectes, abdominal appendages of male. a. ornatus. b.danae. c. sapidus.
d. marginatus. e. exasperatus. f. arcuatus. g. bellicosus. h. bocourtt.
2. toxotes.

Callinectes, abdominal outlines of female. a. sapidus. b. ornatus. c. mar-
ginatus. d. danae. e. exasperatus. f. bocourli. g. arcuatus. h. toxotes.
(For bellicosus, see Fig. 20, Page 113.)

Callinectes sapidus, male, Woods Hole, dorsal view. After R. Rathbun.

Callinectes bellicosus, female abdomen.

Telmessus cheiragonus, male, dorsal view, reduced. After Benedict.

Telmessus cheiragonus. a. Female abdomen and sternum. 06. Epistome.
c. Bristle from carapace, enlarged. After Benedict.

Erimacrus isenbeckii, male, dorsal view, reduced. After Benedict.

Erimacrus isenbeckii. a. Female abdomen and sternum. 06. Epistome. c.
Bristle from carapace, enlarged. After Benedict.

Peltarion dextrum, male, holotype, dorsal view, X 15/16.

Trachycarcinus spinulifer, male, holotype, dorsal view, X 1%.

Same specimen, outer maxilliped, x 5.

Acanthocyclus hassleri, male abdomen, X 2.

Cancer irroratus, male, dorsal view, reduced. After R. Rathbun.

Cancer borealis, male, Casco Bay, dorsal view, reduced. After 8. I. Smith.

x

31.

34.
35.

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

44.
45.

46.
47.

48.
49.
. Lophopanopeus lobipes, female, Key West (Mus.S.U.I.), carapace 5.6 mm. wide.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
. Neopanope texana sayi, male chela, enlarged. After Benedict and Rathbun,
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.

67.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XI

Cancer borealis, male, Casco Bay, reduced. a. Right chela. 0b. Left chela.
After S. I. Smith.
Cancer productus, male (2529), dorsal view, reduced. After R. Rathbun.

. Cancer antennarius, male, cotype (2033), dorsal view, reduced. After R.

Rathbun.

Cancer gracilis, male (55355), outer maxilliped, 3.

Cancer magister, male (2553), California, dorsal view, reduced. After R.
Rathbun.

Cancer magister, male (15461), outer maxilliped, X 2.

Cancer oregonensis, male (3076), outer maxilliped, X 4.

Paraliomera dispar, male (24862), abdomen, X 12.

Platypodia spectabilis (25440), male abdomen, carapace 13.2 mm. wide.

Plaiypodia gemmata, male, cotype, * 3. a. Dorsal view. 6. Wrist and chela.

Actaea bifrons, male. a. Dorsal view, X 3.2. 6. Front, X 6.4.

Actaea angusta, female, holotype, carapace 6 mm. wide, dorsal view.

Lipaesthesius leeanus, male, holotype, carapace 11.4 mm. wide. a. Front
view. 6. Dorsal view.

Medaeus lobipes, male, holotype, carapace 25.6 mm. wide, dorsal view.

Medaeus spinulifer, male, holotype, carapace 12.5mm. wide. a. Major chela.
b. Minor chela. c. Dorsal view.

Cycloxanthops novemdentatus, male, dorsal view. After Holmes.

Leptodius snodgrassi, male, type, Albemarle Island, * 1.5. a. Chela. 0b.
Dorsal view of crab.

Metopocarcinus truncatus, male, Cape San Lucas, carapace 0.18 inch wide,
dorsal view. After Stimpson.

Lophopanopeus diegensis, male, holotype, carapace 11.4 mm. wide.

Lophopanopeus maculatus, male, holotype, carapace 9.9 mm. wide. a.
Abdomen. 6. Dorsal view.

Panopeus herbstii, male, major chela, enlarged. After Benedict and Rathbun.

Panopeus herbstii, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and Rathbun.

Panopeus chilensis, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and Rathbun.

Panopeus occidentalis, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and Rath-
bun.

Panopeus bermudensis, male, enlarged. a. Major chela. 6. Abdomen.
After Benedict and Rathbun.

Neopanope terana, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and Rathbun.

Neopanope packardii, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and Rathbun.

Hexapanopeus angustifrons, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and
Rathbun.

Hexapanopeus nicaraguensis, male, holotype (Copenhagen Mus.), carapace
13 mm. wide, dorsal view.

Hexapanopeus quinquedentatus. a. Male, right chela, X 10. 6b. Female,
carapace, X 4.

Eurypanopeus abbreviaius, male, enlarged. a. Abdomen. 6. Major chela.
After Benedict and Rathbun.

Eurypanopeus transversus, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and
Rathbun.

Eurypanopeus depressus, male, enlarged. a. Abdomen. 6. Minor chela.
After Benedict and Rathbun.

Eurypanopeus dissimilis, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and
Rathbun.

Eurypanopeus planus, Bay of Panama, carapace, enlarged. After Benedict
and Rathbun.

XII

68.
69.

70.
oie

72.

73.
74,
75.

76.

figie

78.
Cie
80.
81.

82.
83.
84.
85.

OONAANEWNH eH

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Micropanope truncatifrons, female, holotype, dorsal viéw, X 3.2.

Micropanope xantusii taboguillensis, male, holotype, carapace 10 mm. wide.
a. Chela. 6. Abdomen.

Micropanope polita, male (19972), abdomen, 10.

Micropanope spinipes, female, type of Piluwmnus andrewsti, dorsal view,
Xx 3.

Micropanope barbadensis, female, Barbados. a. Major chela, X 8. Db.
Minor chela, X 9.4. c. An ambulatory leg, X 8. d. Carapace, eyes and
antennae, X 7.

Micropanope nitida, male, holotype, carapace 11.5 mm. wide, dorsal view.

Micropanope nuttingi, male, dorsal view, X 4.8.

Rhithropanopeus harrisii, male abdomen, enlarged. After Benedict and
Rathbun.

Ectaesthesius bifrons, female, holotype, carapace 9.7 mm. wide. a. Outer
maxilliped. 6. Front view. c. Dorsal view.

Parazanthias insculptus, male (24832), carapace 3 mm. wide. a. Chela. 6.
Dorsal view of crab.

Menippe mercenaria, male, Charleston, dorsal view. After R. Rathbun.

Pilumnus spinosissimus, male, type, dorsal view, X 3.

Pilumnus marshi, male, X 4. a. Major chela. 6. Carapace.

Pilumnus holosericus, male, dorsal view showing tubercles on right half of
carapace, X 3.

Pilumnus nudimanus, female, holotype. a. Chela. 6. Carapace.

Eriphia gonagra, male (59423), first pair of abdominal appendages, X 3.

Eriphia squamata, male (50629), first pair of abdominal appendages, X 3.

Eriphia granulosa, male (25667), abdominal appendages, * 10.

PLATES

. Pseudocorystes sicarius and Gomeza serrata.
. Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus.

Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus.
Ovalipes ocellatus guadulpensis.
Ovalipes punctatus.

. Ovalipes punctatus.

. Ovalipes punctatus.

. Ovalipes punctatus.

. Bathynectes superba.

. Bathynectes superba.

. Coenophthalmus tridentatus.

. Coenophthalmus tridentatus.

. Portunus (Portunus) ventralis and Coenophthalmus tridentatus.
. Portunus (Portunus) sayi.

. Portunus (Portunus) anceps.

. Portunus (Portunus) gibbesit.

. Portunus (Portunus) gibbesit.

. Portunus (Portunus) xantusit.

. Portunus (Portunus) acuminatus.

. Portunus (Portunus) panamensis and asper.

. Portunus (Portunus) asper.

. Portunus (Portunus) asper and panamensis.
. Portunus (Portunus) panamensis.

. Portunus (Portunus) panamensis.

. Portunus (Portunus) vocans.

. Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XIII

. Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus.
. Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus.
. Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus.
. Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus.
. Portunus (Achelous) stanfordi.

. Portunus (Achelous) angustus.

. Portunus (Achelous) ordwayi.

. Portunus (Achelous) sebae.

. Portunus (Achelous) sebae.

. Portunus (Achelous) minimus.

. Portunus (Achelous) pichilinquet.
. Portunus (Achelous) affinis.

. Portunus (Achelous) affinis.

. Portunus (Achelous) floridanus.

. Portunus (Achelous) depressifrons.
. Portunus (Achelous) bahamensis.
. Portunus (Achelous) bahamensis.
. Portunus (Achelous) tuberculatus.
. Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus.

Portunus (Achelous) iridescens.

. Callinectes sapidus.

. Callinectes sapidus acutidens.
. Callinectes bellicosus.

. Callinectes ornatus.

. Callinectes danae.

. Callinectes arcuatus.

. Callinectes marginatus.
. Callinectes toxotes.

. Callinectes bocourtt.

. Callinectes exasperatus.
. Lupella forceps.

Arenaeus mexicanus and cribrarius.
Arenaeus cribrarius.
Arenaeus cribrarius. :

. Arenaeus mexicanus.

. Cronius ruber.

. Cronius ruber.

. Cronius tumidulus.

. Euphylax dovii.

. Huphylax robustus.

. Euphylax robustus.

. EBrimacrus isenbeckii.

. Peltarion spinulosum and dextrum.
. Trachycarcinus spinulifer.

. Trachycarcinus spinulifer.

. Trachycarcinus corallinus.

. Trichopeltarion nobile.

. Pliosoma parvifrons.

5. Acanthocyclus gayi.

. Acanthocyclus hassleri, albatrossis, and gayt.
. Acanthocyclus albatrossis.

. Corystoides chilensis.

. Bellia picta.

Cancer edwardsit.

XIV

81.
82.
. Cancer portert.
84.

85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
DEL.
112.
113.

114.
115.

116.

Ue:
118.
PED.
120.
2:
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.

134.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Cancer plebejus.
Cancer plebejus and polyodon.

Cancer porteri.

Cancer irroratus, edwardsii, plebejus, porteri, and polyodon.
Cancer luederwaldtt.

Cancer luederwaldt.

Cancer luederwaldti.

Cancer luederwaldit.

Cancer polyodon.

Cancer amphioetus.

Cancer antennarius.

Cancer branneri and antennarius. e
Cancer jordani and anthony.

Cancer gracilis.

Cancer oregonensis.

Carpilius corallinus.

Carpilius corallinus.

Carpilius corallinus.

Carpilodes cinctimanus.

Paraliomera longimana and dispar.
Platypodia rotundata and spectabilis.

Actaea setigera.

Actaea dovii, bifrons, and angusta.

Actaea rufopunctata nodosa, sulcata, and acantha.
Actaea acantha, and palmert.

Glyptoxanthus erosus.

Glyptoranthus labyrinthicus and vermiculatus.
Glytoxanthus vermiculatus.

Daira americana and Carpoporus papulosus.
Carpoporus papulosus.

Lipaesthesius leeanus.

Medaeus spinimanus.

Medaeus lobipes.

Platyxanthus orbigny?.

Platyxanthus crenulatus and orbignyt.
Platyzanthus crenulatus.

Platyzanthus crenulatus.

Platyxanthus crenulatus.

Platyxanthus cokert.

Platyxanthus cokert.

Platyxanthus cokeri.

Platyxanthus patagonicus.

Platyxanthus patagonicus.

Platyxanthus patagonicus.

Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii.

Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii.

Homalaspis plana.

Homalaspis plana.

Homalaspis plana.

Paraxanthus barbiger.

Paraxanthus barbiger.

Parazanthus barbiger, Cycloxanthus vittatus, and sexdecimdentatus.
Cycloxanthops novemdentatus, sexdecimdentatus, and vittatus.

135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
arg
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
bit.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XV

Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus and novemdentatus.
Phymodius maculatus.

Leptodius floridanus, occidentalis, and sanguineus.
Leptodius floridanus, occidentalis, and sanguineus.
Leptodius snodgrasst.

Leptodius taboganus.

Leptodius parvulus and agassizit.

Leptodius cooksoni.

Leptodius tridentatus and Xanthodius stimpsoni.
Xanthodius sternberghit.

Xanthodius denticulatus and sternberghit.
Xanthodius denticulatus.

Xanthodius hebes.

Metopocarcinus truncatus and Lophoxanthus lamelli pes
Lophopanopeus heathiv.

Lophopanopeus bellus.

Lophopanopeus bellus.

Lophopanopeus frontalis.

Lophopanopeus lockingtoni, somaterianus, leucomanus, and diegensis.
Lophopanopeus lockingtont and leucomanus.

Lophopanopeus distinctus and lobipes.

Panopeus herbstii forma typica and forma obesa.

Panopeus herbstii forma simpsoni and forma crassa.

Panopeus purpureus, converus, and chilensis.

Panopeus purpureus.

Panopeus chilensis.

Panopeus occidentalis forma serrata and forma typica.

Panopeus rugosus.

Panopeus rugosus.

Panopeus harttit and americanus.

Panopeus bermudensis.

Panopeus turgidus.

Panopeus boeket.

Neopanope texana, texana sayi, and packardii.

Hexapanopeus angustifrons and schmitit.

Hexapanopeus sinaloensis, orcutti, and paulensis.

Hexapanopeus hemphillii and caribbaeus.

Eurypanopeus abbreviatus, abbreviatus ater, and transversus.
Eurypanopeus dissimilis, depressus, and ovatus.

Eurypanopeus crenatus and ovatus.

Eurypanopeus planissimus and planus. ‘

Eurytium limosus and tristant.

Eurytium affine and tristant.

Micropanope sculptipes, lobifrons, and truncatifrons.

Micropanope xantusii, xantusit taboguillensis, and pusilla.
Micropanope granulimanus, polita, lata, and xanthiformis.
Micropanope spinipes and nitida.

Micropanope areolata and urinator.

Micropanope urinator and cristimana, and Rhithropanopeus harrisit.
Tetraxanthus bidentatus.

Tetrazanthus rugosus.

Chlorodiella longimana.

Xanthias tnornatus.

Parazanthias taylori.

‘

XVI

189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.

202.

203.
204.
205.

206.

207.
208.

209.

210.
211.

212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.

218.

219.
220.

221.

222.

223.
224.

225.

226.

227.
228.
229.
230.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Paraxanthias taylori, sulcatus, and insculptus.

Eucratodes agassizit.

Menippe mercenaria.

Menippe mercenaria.

Menippe mercenaria.

Menippe frontalis.

Menippe frontalis.

Menippe frontalis.

Mentippe obtusa.

Menippe obtusa and nodifrons.

Menippe nodifrons. ;

Pilumnus sayi, caribaeus, dasypodus, and spinosissimus.

Pilumnus xantusii, sayi, and gracilipes.

Pilumnus townsendi, diomedeae, and longleyt.

Pilumnus spinohirsutus.

Pilumnus townsendi and gonzalensis.

Pilumnus lacteus, floridanus, and stimpsonit.

Pilumnus quoyi and miersit.

Pilumnus gemmatus, pygmaeus, pannosus, and holosericus.

Pilumnus limosus.

Pilumnus limosus and reticulatus.

Pilumnus reticulatus forma fragosa and forma tessellata.

Lobopilumnus agassizii forma typica, forma pulchella, forma trinidadensis,
and forma bermudensis.

Heteractaea lunata and ceratopus.

Heteractaea ceratopus.

Heteractaea lunata.

Acidops fimbriatus.

Pilumnoides perlatus.

Pilumnoides hassleri and perlatus.

Pilumnoides nudifrons and perlatus.

Ozius verreauxit.

Ozius reticulatus and verreauxit.

Ozius perlatus and agassizit.

Eriphia gonagra.

Eriphia squamata.

Eriphia squamata and granulosa.

Eriphides hispida.

Eriphides hispida.

Domecia hispida.

Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea, cymodoce maculata, and digitalis.

Quadrella nitida.

Melybia thalamita.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

By Mary J. Ratusun

Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum

INTRODUCTION

This volume is the third of the series of handbooks on American
crabs. The first volume ‘“‘The Grapsoid Crabs of America’’ forms
Bulletin 97, and the second volume ‘‘The Spider Crabs of America”
forms Bulletin 129, of the U. S. National Museum. The introduc-
tory remarks in Bulletin 97, relating to sources of material, special
researches, acknowledgments, and glossary of terms apply to the
present work also.

In recent years the Museum has been enriched by vast collections
of crabs from South America obtained by Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt in
the course of two extended series of explorations in South American
waters under the auspices of the Walter Rathbone Bacon scholar-
ship. Besides the material collected, Doctor Schmitt was able to
arrange advantageous exchanges with various South American
museums and when that was not feasible, to borrow for study. In
this way many gaps in this Museum were filled, both as to species
and numbers, and our knowledge of the fauna greatly increased.
Among the valuable discoveries was an example of the insignificant
little crab, Metopocarcinus truncatus Stimpson, of which the type is
not extant and no other specimen is known to exist in any collection.
More striking is the discovery of a giant Cancer on the Atlantic
coast of South America, the property of the Museu Paulista. Through
the courtesy of the assistente, Dr. H. Luederwaldt, the author is
permitted to describe this species from a series of excellent photo-
eraphs. The carapace has a width of 25 cm. (9.5 inches) and is the
largest American species known.

Next in importance are the investigations made through several
seasons for the Carnegie Institution by Doctor Schmitt and Mr.
Clarence R. Shoemaker at the Tortugas and vicinity, in cooperation
with Dr. William H. Longley in charge of the laboratory. These
have provided long series of various forms and have extended the
range of many, aside from the primary object of the inquiry, to
ascertain the food habits of fishes. The University of Southern
California and the California Academy of Sciences have submitted
special collections from the Pacific coast, the result of which, so far
as the Cancroidea are concerned, are recorded here.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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EXPLANATION OF MEASUREMENTS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED

Explanation of measurements

The length of the carapace, unless otherwise stated, is measured
on the median line, from the anterior to the posterior margin.

The width of the carapace is measured at the widest part.

The fronto-orbital width or exorbital width is measured from the
outer angle of one orbit to the outer angle of the other.

The length of the segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured on
the upper or anterior margin. The length of the whole cheliped or
leg is measured on the lower margin, from the articulation of the
coxa with the sternum to the tip of the dactylus.

The width of the segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured
at the widest part.

The length of the immovable finger ‘s measured from the tip to
the extremity of the sinus between the fingers.

Character of bottom

Under ‘Material examined,” the abbreviations indicating the
character of the bottom, are those employed by the Bureau of Fish-
eries. Nouns begin with a capital, adjectives with a small letter.

bese eS black gy le eae eray 5. ee sand
prec tS brown hreaee eee hard sctrdaeaa= scattered
bree. feu. broken lges sie ee large sftslee see. soft
busses 228 - blue bh eee) seaee light Shs Jj2 8 we shells
Coen. coral MENS Sees mud sm ews = small
Grea Reid: 2 = coarse Ogics Se ooze Spee Bas specks
SE eae = dark Bes 3 pebbles Sti t..1 . stones
Pe ert: Ja fine Pie? te Pteropod stky i. te sticky
Hore 2 Tas foraminifera |) Rio 25—--_ = rock VOL ae a voleanic
Gere ae gravel TAR ee red Wit ests seaweed
Globet = os globigerina Bie ee ee reef whi 42-828 white
Snes wee green MKsyee et 8 = rocky Wee ae 3 yellow

Additional abbreviations and notes

In the synonymy an attempt has been made to give all the different
names or combinations which have been used, but not all the refer-
ences to a species.

In the lists under ‘‘Material examined” a number in parenthesis
following an indication of a specimen or specimens denotes a cata-
logue number of the United States National Museum unless otherwise
indicated. M.C.Z.=Museum of Comparative Zodlogy; P.M.Y.
U.=Peabody Museum of Yale University; Mus. S.U.I.=Museum
of the State University of Iowa; y.=young; B.A.= Museo Nacional
de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The words “U. 5S.
Fisheries”? should be understood before ‘‘Str. Albatross,”’ “Str. Fish
Hawk,” and “Sch. Grampus.”’

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 5

In the same lists there have been entered, besides specimens in the
National Museum, many types examined elsewhere, as well as such
specimens from other collections as increase our knowledge of the
range of the species, but for lack of space no attempt has been made
to record all of the many specimens examined in museum and
private collections.

In the color notes made by Doctor Schmitt on Tortugas specimens
the 1886 edition of Ridgway’s ““Nomenclature of Colors” is used.

THE CANCROID OR CYCLOMETOPOUS CRABS OF AMERICA

The term ‘‘Cancroid or Cyclometopous”’ is used in contrast to
‘“‘Grapsoid or Catometopous.”’ Together they form the Brachy-
rhyncha of Borradaile.!

1. In general, the carapace of the Cancroids is broader than
long. At the outset we find an exception to the rule in the family
formerly known as Corystidae but latterly, in obedience to the
International Rules of Nomenclature, as Euryalidae. They have
affinities with the anomuran crabs and have not only elongate cara-
paces but long, coarse antennae and a rather prominent front
(between the orbits), which is more than one can say of most of the
group. The buccal cavity narrows forward while the outer pair
oi maxilipeds reach forward almost to the antennules. A small
family, especially in our hemisphere, where it is restricted to South
America.

2. The Portunidae or swimming crabs can with few exceptions
be distinguished by their hind legs which are broad and flat, adapted
for swimming. The carapace is of good width with teeth or spines
on the margins. A large family, including the so-called ‘blue
crab,” the chief edible crab of the Atlantic coast of North America,
formerly very abundant, now rapidly becoming a luxury.

3. The family Atelecyclidae is limited in species and distribution.
The carapace is narrow, often approaching the circular, oblong or
pentagonal. Typically the movable part of the antennae is well
developed but it may on the other hand be absent or rudimentary,
giving rise to a series of curious forms peculiar to South America.

4. The Cancridae are represented in America by the genus Cancer,
recognized by its broad oval carapace, and numerous side teeth.
The species are numerous and many of them attain a large size
and include several of economic value, especially on the west coast
of North America.

1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 466.

6 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

5. The Xanthidae are by far the most numerous in genera, species,
and individuals. They include the large stone crabs, the coral
crab of the West Indies, and several of the most important South
American forms, but the vast majority are crabs of small or medium
size, such as the various mud crabs and coral-reef crabs.

The Potamonidae or fresh-water crabs will be dealt with in another
volume.

AREOLATE MARKINGS ON THE CARAPACE OF CRABS

Figure 3 from Dana’s ‘Crustacea, United States Exploring
Expedition,” part 1, 1852, page 29, is inserted here for convenience
of description, especially of Xanthids. The principal parts of the
carapace are indicated by letters: F, frontal; M, medial; P, posterior;
L, antero-lateral; R, postero-lateral; D, E, N, T, 8S, antero-lateral
teeth; d’, s’, smaller, occasional teeth. Subdivisions of the above
regions are indicated by a number before the letter.

FIGURE 3.—CARAPACE OF A XANTHID CRAB SHOWING THE PRIN-
CIPALAREOLATIONS. AFTER DANA

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Family PORTUNIDAE
Atlantic Pacific
Portunus (Portunus) gibbesit. Portunus (Portunus) xantusii.
Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus. Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus.
Portunus (Achelous) ordwayt. Portunus (Achelous) angustus.
Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus. Portunus (Achelous) iridescens.
Callinectes sapidus acutidens. Callinectes bellicosus.
Callinectes danae. Callinectes arcuatus.
Callinectes bocourtt. Callinectes toxotes.
Arenaeus cribrarius. Arenaeus mexicanus.
Family CANCRIDAE
Atlantic Pacifie
Cancer borealis. Cancer edwardsit.

Cancer luederwaldtt. Cancer portert.

Cancer plebejus.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

Family XANTHIDAE

Atlantic
Platypodia spectabilis.
Actaea setigera.
Actaea bifrons.
Actaea rufopunctata nodosa.
Glyptoxanthus erosus.
Medaeus spinimanus.
Platyxanthus crenulatus.
Leptodius floridanus.
Leptodius agassizit.
Leptodius parvulus.
Xanthodius denticulatus.

Panopeus herbstii forma crassa.

Panopeus occidentalis.
Hexapanopeus schmittt.
Hexapanopeus paulensis.
Eurypanopeus abbreviatus.
Eurytium limosum.
Micropanope granulimanus.
Micropanope truncatifrons.
Micropanope xanthiformis.
Menippe mercenaria.
Pilumnus sayt.

Pilumnus longleyt.
Pilumnus holosericus.
Heteractaea ceratopus.
Pilumnoides hassleri.
Ozius reticulatus.

Eriphia gonagra.

Pacific
Plaiypodia rotundata.
Actaea dovit. ;
Actaea angusta.
Actaea sulcata.
Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus.
Medaeus lobipes.
Platyxanthus cokert.
Leptodius occidentalis.
Leptodius tridentatus.
Leptodius cooksont.
Xanthodius stumpsont.
Panopeus purpureus.
Panopeus convexus.
Hexapanopeus sinaloensis.
Hexapanopeus nicaraguensis.
Eurypanopeus ovatus.
Eurytium tristani.
Micropanope polita.
Micropanope xantusit.
Micropanope lata.
Menippe frontalis.
Pilumnus xantusit.
Pilumnus spinohirsutus.
Pilumnus limosus.
Heteractaea lunata.
Pilumnoides perlatus.
Ozius perlatus.
Eriphia squamatia.

SPECIES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Family PORTUNIDAE

Carcinides maenas.
Ovalipes punctatus.
Cronius ruber.

Family ATELECYCLIDAE

Acanthocyclus albatrossis.
Corystoides chilensis.

Family XANTHIDAE

Panopeus bermudensis.
Pilumnus reticulatus.
Domecia hispida.

8

A}.

A’.

AP.

A}.

fae

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION

Order DECAPODA
Suborder REPTANTIA

Tribe BRACHYURA
Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA
Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA

KEY TO SUBTRIBES OF THE TRIBE BRACHYURA ?

Anterior thoracic sterna very broad, posterior thoracic sterna narrow and
keel-like. Posterior thoracic epimera largely exposed by reduction of the
bramchiosteg ites] 2. oan 2 2s apt Baie era eee Subtribe Gymnopleura.*

Anterior thoracic sterna not unusually broad, posterior thoracic sterna not
keel-like. Posterior thoracic epimera covered by the branchiostegite.

B'. Mouth field (endostome) prolonged forward to form a gutter. Last pair
of legs normal or abnormal. Female openings generally sternal. First
abdominal limbs wanting in female. Gills few.

Subtribe Oxystomaia.

B*. Mouth field roughly square.

Cl. Last pair of legs abnormal, dorsal. Female openings coxal. First
abdominal limbs of female present. Gills usually many.
Subtribe Dromiacea.
C*. Last pair of legs normal, rarely reduced, not dorsal, except in
Cymopolia and Retropluma. Female openings sternal. First
abdominal limbs of female wanting. Gills few.
Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA.

KEY TO SUPERFAMILIES OF THE SUBTRIBE BRACHYGNATHA

. Fore part of body narrow, usually forming a distinct rostrum. Body more

or less triangular. Orbits generally incomplete.
Superfamily Oxyrhyncha.
Fore part of body broad. Rostrum usually reduced or wanting. Body
oval, round, or square. Orbits nearly always well inclosed.
Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF THE SUPERFAMILY BRACHYRHYNCHA

Orbits formed, but more or less incomplete. Second antennal flagella, when
present, long and hairy. Rostrum present. Body elongate-oval. Fore
edge of mouth indistinct.) 222 pe): Family EURYALIDAE = Corystidae.

Orbits complete (though fissures may remain), except in the Mictyrinae,
where the eyes are almost or quite unprotected. Body rarely elongate-
oval. Rostrum often wanting. Second antennal flagella usually short,
not hairy.

2 The keys are for the most part from Borradaile’s On the Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, pp. 477-483. The names in the right hand margin which are printed in
capitals indicate the families and higher divisions treated of in this volume.

3 Bourne, The Raninidae, in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 35, 1922, p. 55.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 9

B'. Carpus of third maxillipeds articulates at or near antero-internal angle
of the merus. Body usually round or transversely oval. Male open-
ings nearly always coxal. In many species the right chela is always
Jarger than the left.

C!. Legs more or less distinctly adapted for swimming. Usually a small
lobe on the inner angle of the endopodite in the first maxillipeds.
The first antennae fold slanting or transverse.
Family PORTUNIDAE.
C2. Legs not adapted for swimming, or if so modified, then the male
genital duct opens sternally or runs in a sternal groove. Inner lobe
on the endopodite in the first maxillipeds wanting.
D! Fresh-water crabs with the branchial region much developed and
swollen. Body often squarish, but male openings coxal.
Family Potamonidae.
D?. Marine crabs with the branchial region not greatly swollen.
E!, First antennae fold lengthwise.

F!. Carapace subcircular. Second antennal flagella either
long and hairy or wanting_ Family ATELECYCLIDAE.

¥?2. Carapace broadly oval or hexagonal. Second antennal
flagella present, short, not hairy Family CANCRIDAE.

E2, First antennae fold slanting or transversely.

F!. Body usually transversely oval. Male openings rarely
sternal. Not sharply separated from the following
fammilyc. cae Saurus 22282 Family XANTHIDAE.

F2. Body usually square or squarish. Male ducts open on
the sternum, or, if coxal, pass along a groove in the
sternum. Not sharply separated from the foregoing
fara. 2 #2 bis ht eee Family Goneplacidae.

B2. Carpus of third maxillipeds does not articulate at or near the inner angle
of the merus. Body usually square or squarish. Male openings sternal
except in Retropluma, where the duct passes along a sternal groove to
the coxopodite. In no species (Cymopoliidae excepted) is the right
chela always larger than the left.

C!, Small, usually commensal crabs, with very small eyes and orbits.
Body usually more or less rounded_.--Family Pinnotheridae.

C2. Free-living crabs, with eyes not specially reduced and usually a
square body.

D'. Last pair of legs dorsally placed and weaker than the others.
Interantennular septum very thin. No distinct epistome.
Exopodites of third maxillipeds not hidden.

E!. Front narrow. Female openings in normal position. Third
maxillipeds subpediform, not covering the mouth.
Family Retroplumidae= Ptenoplacidae.
F2. Front moderately broad. Female openings on the sternal
segment corresponding to the first pair of walking legs.
Third maxillipeds cover the mouth to a large extent and
have very small meropodites.

: Family Cymopoliidae = Palicidae.

D*. Last pair of legs not dorsally placed nor markedly weaker than
the rest. Interantennular septum not very thin.

E!, A gap of greater or less size is left between the third maxilli-
peds. Front very or moderately broad.

F!. Sides of the body either straight or very slightly arched.
Shape squarish. Front broad. Rarely true land
Cralsite. Viana d sah ee Same 2 Se Family Grapsidae.

10 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

F’. Sides of the body strongly arched. Shape transversely
oval. Front narrower. lLand-crabs.
Family Gecarcinidae.
E?, The third maxillipeds almost or quite close the mouth.
Front moderately or very narrow.

Family Ocypodidae.
B’. Merus of third maxillipeds small, bearing terminally a carpus of nearly
its own width. Ischium very broad. Body somewhat oblong. First

antennae not retractile into sockets. Parasitic on corals.
Family Hapalocarcinidae.

Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA

The fore part of the body is broad, the rostrum reduced or alto-
gether wanting. The body is oval, round, or square, usually broader
than long. The orbits are nearly always well enclosed.

Family EURYALIDAE* (CORYSTIDAK restricted °)

Corystiens (part) MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 139.

Corystordea—Corystidae (part) Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1,
1852, pp. 296 and 297.

Corystoidea (part) Miprs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 209.

Majoidea corystoidea (part) ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 18938, pp. 26
and 28.

Oxyrhyncha—Corystidae (part) OEEMANN, in Bronn’s Thier-Reich, vol. 5, pt. 2,
1898, p. 1166.

Corystidae (part) Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, 1899, p. 103.

Carapace longer than broad, suboval, convex from side to side,

regions not well defined. Front rather prominent, cut into three

(in American species) or two teeth. Antennules normal, small,

folding longitudinally. Antennae long, unusually coarse and seta-

ceous. There is no epistome and the external maxillipeds, which are

elongate and sometimes have a slight pediform cast, extend almost up

to the antennules. Buccal orifice elongate and square cut with the

anterior angles rounded and slightly convergent.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY EURYALIDAE

A!. Legs gressorial. Lateral teeth of carapace both before and behind the middle.

Size small, not over 10 mm. in length___._-_-__--__--_- Gomeza, p. 10.
A?. Legs somewhat natatory. Lateral teeth of carapace before the middle
only. Size large, over 50 mm. in length__--___-_- Pseudocorystes, p. 11.

Genus GOMEZA Gray

Gomeza Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 39; type, G. bicornis Gray.
Oeidea DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 4 and 15; type, O. vigintispinosa
DE Haan.
Carapace elongate, subelliptical, sides dentate behind as well as in
front of middle, rostrum triangulate. Eyessmallormedium. Merus

4 Huryala Weber, 1793 takes precedence of Corystes Latreille 1802, both having the same type; hence
Euryalidae instead of Corystidae. See Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, 1904, p. 171.
5 For the genera Bellia and Corystoides, see under Family Atelecyclidae, subfamily Acanthocyclinae.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA ct

of outer maxillipeds about as broad as long, obliquely truncate at
inner distal angle. Legs gressorial; dactyli nearly equal. Of small
size. Inhabits the west coast of South America; also Indo-Malaysian,
Japanese and Australian seas.

GOMEZA SERRATA Dana
Plate 1, Figures 4-6

Gomeza serrata Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 305,
atlas, 1855, pl. 18, fig. 7a—-c (type-locality, off Patagonia, 50 fathoms; type
not extant) —Mrers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 68; Challenger Rept.,
Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 212.— Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 2, Suppl. 5, 1902,
p. 754, pl. 23, fig. 6.—Porter, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 22, 1918, p. 53,
text-fig. 3.

Diagnosis.—Carapace scabrous, short hirsute, lateral margin
5-toothed, fourth tooth about at middle, teeth minutely denticulate;
rostrum truncate, margin near apex incised.

Description.—Truncate margin of rostrum sinuous and either side
just at the angle there is a longitudinal incision separating a narrow,
acute lobe; behind this the margin of the beak is minutely denticulate.
Lateral teeth of carapace except the first pointing obliquely forward.
Cardiac region far behind middle of carapace. Eyes on rather short
pedicels, directed straight outward. Length of outer antenna beyond
carapace not one-third length of carapace; flagellum with 9 or 10
articles and a few short hairs. Outer maxillipeds short hirsute, not
quite meeting on median line; merus about half as long as ischium,
inner distal angle deeply truncate. Abdomen hirsute. Hand short;
fingers a little incurved, inner margin denticulate. Margins of legs
pubescent; dactylus slender, tapering; carpus and propodus subequal.

Measurements.—Type (after Dana), length of carapace 3.1, width
at fourth tooth 2.5, fronto-orbital width 1.5, width of front just
anterior to inner orbital tooth 0.42 mm. Male (Lenz), size 4.5 mm.
Largest specimen (Miers), 10.6 mm. long.

Range.—Callao, Peru, to Straits of Magellan, shallow water to 30
fathoms (Miers); off Patagonia, 50 fathoms (Dana).

Genus PSEUDOCORYSTES Milne Edwards

Pseudocorystes MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 149; type
P. armatus Milne Edwards.

Carapace nearly oval, much swollen. Front narrow, advanced,
horizontal. Ocular peduncles of medium size, orbits shallow, quite
open exteriorly. Antennules small, completely covered above by the
front; the flagellum folds longitudinally. Antennae very large,
inserted under the eye in a hiatus of the orbital border; the gland at
its base is especially large. Buccal cavity quite open anteriorly and
prolonged laterally to the base of the outer antennae where it is limited
by a large conical tooth which, along with the antenna, forms the

tf BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

lower border of the orbit. Outer maxilliped rather wide, ischium very
large; merus small, subtriangular, nearly as wide as long; palp very
short, inserted near summit of merus. Sternal plastron narrow,
oblong. Chelipeds large, compressed, of medium length. The four
pairs of legsare all nearly the same length, much compressed; dactylus
lamellate, broad and lanceolate, especially those of first and last
pairs. Abdomen very small and narrow-oblong; third, fourth, and
fifth segments fused.
Contains but one species.

PSEUDOCORYSTES SICARIUS (Poeppig)
Plate 1, Figures 1-3

Corystes sicarius Ponpric, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 139 (type-
locality, deep water opposite Bay of S. Vincent, Chili; type in Leipzig Mus.).

Pseudocorystes armatus MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 151
(type-locality, Valparaiso; cotype in Paris Mus.; cotype, Cat. No. 20276,
U.S. Nat. Mus.)—Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. 1’Amér,
Mérid., vol 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 30; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 15, figs. 2—2c.

Pseudocorystes sicarius WHITE, Cat. Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 53.—RatHsBun,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 576.—Porterr, Bol. Mus. Nac.,
Chile, 1913, p. 359, text-fig. 2 and synonymy; Revista Chilena Hist. Nat.,
vol. 22, 1918, p. 54, text-fig. 4 and synonymy.

Corystoides armatus Puttirpi, Zool. Anz., vol. 17, 1894, p. 265.

Diagnosis —Carapace nearly as broad as long, granulate; sides
marginate, bidentate. Legs broad, natatory.

Description —Carapace convex antero-posteriorly as well as from
side to side; width about equal to length exclusive of rostrum. Two
shallow crescentic furrows near center of carapace. Surface rough
with crowded granules which are more acute and upstanding on the
anterior half. Rostrum triangular, tridentate, median tooth the
largest and most advanced. A sinus at middle of upper orbital border
followed by two large teeth on the anterior margin of the carapace, the
inner of which represents the external angle of the orbit. Two small
teeth on the antero-lateral margin, the posterior one rudimentary;
margin of teeth as well as of middle half of carapace thickly dentic-
ulate. Surface of chelipeds similar to that of carapace, granulation
coarser and sharper toward upper margin. Merus armed with a
small triangular spine near distal end of lower, outer margin; a strong
spine-tipped tooth at inner angle of carpus, a spinule on inner surface,
another smaller one on outer surface, sometimes absent; a denticle
near middle of lower edge of propodus, and a series of spinules on
upper margin of dactylus and adjacent margin of palm. Fixed
finger triangular, broader at base than the dactylus. Fingers nearly
meeting, each with about 6 or 7 low prehensile teeth. Remaining
legs almost smooth, margins ciliated. Dactylus of last pair thinner
than the others, which are flat on the anterior surface and convex on
the posterior.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 13

Color —Carapace tawny-olive lighter in the center; chelipeds and
Jegs wood brown. (After Milne Edwards and Lucas, fig.)

Measurements —Male (54212), length of carapace 52.4, width of
same 47.8, fronto-orbital width 19.5, width of front just anterior to
supraorbital eave 6.6 mm.

Range.—West coast of South America, from Independencia Bay,
Peru, to Straits af Magellan.

Material eramined.—Independencia Bay, Peru; November 1919;
Robert Cushman Murphy; 1 male (54212), reeeived from Brooklyn
Mus.

Valparaiso, Chile: Gay; 1 female, cotype of P. armatus Milne
Edwards (20276), received from Paris Mus. 1 male (Copenhagen
Mus.).

Chile; 1 ovigerous female, lent by Séo Paulo Mus.

Family PORTUNIDAE

SWIMMING CRABS
Portunidae Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 169.

Carapace depressed, moderately transverse, and usually widest at
the last antero-lateral marginal spine. Front horizontal. Orbits and
eye-stalks nearly always of moderate length. Lateral teeth usually
from five to nine. Last trunk legs usually adapted for swimming,
with terminal joint ovate, flatly expanded.

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF THE GENUS PORTUNIDAE

A’. Eye-stalks of normal size.
B'. No swimming paddles. Carapace with five antero-lateral teeth.
Subfamily Carcinidinae, p. 14.
Carcinides, p. 14.
B?. The last pair of legs are swimming paddles.
C!. Carapace not very broad, antero-lateral teeth 3 to 5.
Subfamily Liocarcininae, p. 18.
D!. Antero-lateral teeth five. Front dentate. Antenna not excluded
from orbit.
E'. Antero-lateral teeth similar, dentiform. Dactylus of
swimming paddles broadly oval. Male abdomen ob-
LORE pie St Se Mey 2 a ee Ovalipes, p. 18.
2. A long spine at lateral angle of carapace instead of a tooth.
Dactylus of swimming paddles broadly lanceolate,
pointed. Male abdomen triangular__-Bathynectes, p. 27.
D2. Antero-lateral teeth three. Front subentire. Antenna excluded
from} orbite weer ese Seek oe hey ee Coenophthalmus, p. 30.
C2. Carapace usually very broad, antero-lateral teeth 9.

Subfamily Thalamitinae, p. 33.

D!. Movable portion of antenna not excluded from orbit.

E!. A longitudinal ridge on the palate.
F!. Outer maxillipeds not remarkably advanced; segments
of palp subeylindrical.

G'. Abdomen of male triangular_-_-_---- Portunus, p. 33.

14 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

G?. Abdomen of male L-shaped. Antero-external angle

of merus of third maxillipeds strongly produced

OUWC WANG) sae nee See ere ae Callinectes, p. 98.

F?. Outer maxillipeds remarkably advanced, overreaching
the front margin of carapace; last two articles of

palp compressed and lamellate. Chelipeds of male

extremely long and slender_________~ Lupella, p. 132.
E*. No longitudinal ridge on the palate. Superior fissures of
orbit- open, V-shaped. 22 3. 2325 eee Arenaeus, p. 134.

D?. Movable portion of antenna excluded from orbit by a prolonga-
tion of its basal article. Antero-lateral teeth alternately

large; and smig lls seo hy eae ey es ALY je Cronius, p. 138.
A*, Eye-stalks and orbits extremely long. Antero-lateral teeth 5 or 4. Front
MOC RATTG Wet oo a ds Subfamily Podophthalminae, p. 143.

Euphylax, p. 143.
Subfamily CARCINIDINAE (CarcrininaE Alcock)

The legs have a tendency to be stout; all four pairs are similar,
although the last pair has a broader and flatter dactylus. Carapace
not very broad, antero-lateral borders cut into 4 or 5 teeth. Basal
article of antenna fixed, longer than broad, and longitudinal in position.

Genus CARCINIDES Rathbun

Carcinus Leacu, Edin. Encycl., vol. 7, 1814, pp. 390 and 429; type, C. maenas
(Linnaeus). Preoccupied by Latreille, 1796, for a genus of Amphipoda.

Carcinides RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164; type,
C. maenas (Linnaeus).

Carapace hexagonal, not broad, convex, regions well defined, no
transverse ridges. Front projecting beyond the inner supraorbital
angles, three lobed, between a fourth and a sixth as wide as the cara-
pace. Antero-lateral borders shorter than the postero-lateral, thin,
oblique, arched, cut into five strong teeth, including the outer orbital
angle. Orbits with a notch in the upper and one in the concave lower
border, inner lower angle dentiform, not prominent. Antennules
transversely oblique. Basal joint of antenna slightly longer than
broad, fixed; the flagellum stands in the inner hiatus.. Buccal cavern
square, a little longer than broad; external maxillipeds rather elongate,
especially the merus which projects beyond the edge of the endostome,
epistome diamond-shaped. The ridges that define the efferent bran-
chial canals do not approach the edge of the endostome. Chelipeds
massive, about as long as the first three pairs of legs, shghtly unequal;
arm short, unarmed; inner angle of wrist dentiform or spiniform; no
spines on hand, which is deep and not prismatic; fingers stout, a little
shorter than the length through the middle of the palm, not very
strongly toothed. Legs stoutish; the last pair has the merus elongate
and unarmed, carpus not dilated, propodite shortened and somewhat.
broadened, dactylus acutely lanceolate. Third to fifth abdominal
terga fused.

Contains only one species.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 15

CARCINIDES MAENAS (Linnaeus)
GREEN CRAB; JOE ROCKER

Cancer marinus sulcatus Rumpx, Amboinsch. Rariteitk., 1705, pl. 6, fig. O.

Cancer maenas LinnarEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 627 (type-localities,
in Oceano Europaeo, Asiatico; type not extant); Fauna Suecica, 1761,
p. 492.

Portunus maenas Lracu, Edin. Encyc., vol. 7, 1814, p. 390.

Carcinus maenas Leacu, Edin. Encye., vol. 7, 1814, p. 429-—-R. RatTusun,
Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, see. 1, 1893, p. 774,
pl. 265.

Portunus menoides Ra¥INEsQuE, Amer. Monthly Mag., vol. 2, 1817, p. 42,
(type-localities, New York, Long Island, New Jersey, etc.; types not extant).

Cancer granulatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, Aug. 1817,
p. 61 (type-locality, ‘‘bays and inlets near the sea”’ [east coast of the United
States]; type not extant, according to Say).

Carcinus moenas DE Kay, Nat. Hist. New York, pt. 6, Crust., 1844, p. 8, pl. 5,
figures 5 and 6.

Carcinus granulatus 8S. I. Smiru, in Verrill and Smith, Rept. Commr. of Fish
and Fisheries, vol. 1, 1871-1872 (1873), pp. 313 [19] and 547 [253].

Carcinides maenas M. J. RaTHBUN, Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
7, 1905, p. 8—Sumner, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, 1911, part 2, 1913,
p. 672.

Diagnosis —Legs of last pair partially natatory. Front three-
toothed. Lateral teeth six, similar. Palms and legs unarmed.

Description.—Carapace about three-fourths as long as broad, gastric
region divided into 3 areolae, surface finely granular, especially in
anterior half. Middle lobe of front acute, antero-lateral teeth acu-
minate. Posterior border forming a curve with the postero-lateral
borders. Major diameter of orbit about half the width of interorbital
space. Antennal flagella about 1% times the length of the orbit.

Major cheliped 1% times length of carapace; hand with two costae
on upper surface, otherwise smooth. Legs smooth and unarmed,
second and third pairs longest and about 1% times the length of the
carapace; fourth pair shorter than first pair. Sixth abdominal tergum
of male about twice as broad as long, with gradually convergent sides.

Color—Male (Woods Hole), green ground, mottled with black,
granules for the most part yellow; anterior half darker than posterior.
Lateral teeth tipped with yellow. Claws similar; on the palm there
are small black spots arranged longitudinally. Fingers and adjacent
portion of palm bright light blue, with black stripes in the grooves.
Prehensile teeth and tips of fingers flesh color. Legs green, speckled
with black; distal portion of dactyli light; tips horny. Under side
yellowish, deepest on the anterior portion. Female differs from the
male in having the ground color orange in place of green, granules
whitish. Chelae a duller blue. Under side deep orange.

Measurements.—Male (9006), length of carapace 60, width of same
79.4, fronto-orbital width 33, width of front 15 mm.

16

BULLETIN

152, UNITED

STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

AFTER R, RATHBUN

FIGURE 4.—CARCINIDES MAENAS, MALE, WOODS HOLE, DORSAL VIEW.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 17

Habitat —Under stones toward high water mark to a few fathoms
and in tidal pools.

Range.—Atlantic coast of the United States from Thomaston,
Maine, to New Jersey. Off Pernambuco, Brazil. Bay of Panama.
Also coasts of Europe and north Africa; Suez Canal and Red Sea;
Ceylon; Australia; and Hawaiian Islands.

Abundant in Casco Bay; only one record farther east. Seen
swimming in Georges River at Thomaston, June, 1922, by William
Procter.

Material eramined.—

MAINE.—Casco Bay; 1911; Rathbun and Dandridge: August;
14 specimens (43727, 43728); color varieties. S. Harpswell; behind
laboratory; August 3; 1 specimen (43180). Vicinity of S. Harpswell;
August; 5 specimens (43161). Potts Point; August 5; 22 specimens
(43157). Potts Harbor; mud flats; August 10; 1 specimen (43159) ;
grey color. Mackerel Cove Point; August 7; 12 specimens (43158).
Ram Island; August 10; 3 specimens (43160). Basin Cove; very
low tide; August 11; 1 male (47971).

MASSACHUSETTS.—Ipswich; October 29, 1903; Owen Bryant;
1 specimen (29935). Mattapoisett Harbor; November 1882; Wil-
lard Nye; 2 males, 3 females (5757).

Vineyard Sound; U. S. Fish Comm.: 1875; 2 males, 1 female
(40118). 1882; 5 young (15020).

Vicinity of Woods Hole; 1887; M. J. Rathbun; 3 males, 1 female
(32374).

Great Harbor, Woods Hole; U. S. Fish Comm.: September 23,
1882; Willard Nye, jr.; 9 specimens (9160). July 30, 1892; 1
young (31483).

Woods Hole; U.S. Fish Comm.: 1882; 2 males, 1 female (4901).
1882; Willard Nye, jr.; 1 male (9006), figured. Low water; moulted
August 28, 1883; 2 males (36968). August 5; T. Lee; 1 specimen
(36967). August 1885; 1 young (34921). 1885; 18 young (11019).
1887; Fish Hawk; 4 specimens (12729). January 9, 1888; V. N.
Edwards; 1 ovigerous female (13088). 1887; 6 specimens (40004).

Naushon Island, Elizabeth Islands; August 15, 1882; U. S. Fish
Comm.; 1 young (40782).

RHODE ISLAND.—Sakonnet Point; 1 specimen (9159).

Newport Harbor; U.S. Fish Comm.: Shore; sand; 1880; 22 young
(36321). Shore; 1880; 15 young (36326). Lime Rock; with mussels;
July 24, 1880; 15 young (36310, 61062).

Newport; 1880; U. S. Fish Comm.: Shore; 7 males and females
(4534), 1 young (34012), 50 young, 1 shedding (36765), 2 young
(40126). Outer shores; 1 young (40783). Shore; July 26, 3 young
(34010), Sept. 2, 2 young (36779). Shore; in washings of Mytilus;

79856—30-——3

18 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

July 27; 2 young (40792). Shore; mud; July 28, 2 young (386296);
July 29, 4 young (36356). Wharf; August 20; 3 young (40125).

LONG ISLAND SOUND.—Low water; August 29, 1874; U.S.
Fish. Comm.; 13 young (36266).

NEW YORK.—Fire Island, Great South Bay, Long Island;
September 27, 1884; T. H. Bean; 1 specimen (8919).

NEW JERSEY.—1929; H. G. Richards: Longport; October 20;
1 young male (62959). Cape May Point: September 27, 1 young,
returned; in tide pool, September 29, 1 female (62960).

EUROPE.—England; 1923; H. C. Kellers: Medway River,
Chatham; October 10; 22 males, 14 females (57417). Cowes; October;
5 males, 2 females (57419); 1 specimen with rhizocephalid parasite.

Channel Islands; Edward Lovett; 2 specimens (6546).

Jersey Island; A. M. Norman; 2 specimens (6776).

Ostend, Belgium; specimen in Mus. Comp. Zool.

Helgoland Island, Germany; beach; Roy. Biol. Station, Helgo-
land; 2 males, 2 females (19899).

Marseilles, France; August 1922; H. C. Kellers; 42 males, 46
females (57416).

Gibraltar; H. C. Kellers: December, 1922; 2 females (57422).
August, 1923; 3 males, 2 females (57418).

Constantinople, Turkey: G.P. Marsh, collector; 2 specimens (2051).
H. C. Kellers; March, 1923, 9 males (2 hermaphroditic), 21 females
(57420); September and October 1923, 15 males, 15 females (57428).

EGYPT .—Port Said; July, 1922; H. C. Kellers; 17 females (57421).

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.—T. H. Streets; 1 male (2299).

Subfamily LiocarcrninaE (PorTUNINAE Alcock)

The legs often have a tendency to be stout and at least one pair
is as long as the chelipeds; the last pair are swimming paddles.
Carapace seldom very broad, antero-lateral borders cut into 3 to 5
teeth. Basal article of antenna either fixed or movable, usually
longer than broad, and lying almost in the longitudinal axis of the
carapace.

Genus OVALIPES Rathbun

Platyonichus LATREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Entom., vol. 10, 1825, p. 151; not
Platyonichus Latreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol. 27, 1818, p. 4, which
was proposed as a substitute for Portumnus Leach, 1814.

Anisopus p—E Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 3 and 12; type, Corystes
(Anisopus) punctata de Haan. Anisopus preoccupied by Meigen, 1803, for
a genus of Diptera.

Platyonychus Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 130.

Ovalipes RaTHBwn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 597; type, O. ocellatus
(Herbst).

Carapace a little broader than long; five subequal teeth on antero-
lateral margin; three or four teeth on margin of front between orbits.

THE CANCROID CRABS GF AMERICA 19

Basal article of antennules advanced and visible dorsally between
frontal teeth. Chelipeds elongate. Terminal article of last pair of
legs broadly oval, rounded at extremity. Abdomen of male oblong.

Nova Scotia to Gulf of Mexico; South America from Peru and
Uruguay southward; South Africa; eastern Asia; Austrelia and New
Zealand.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS OVALIPES

A!, Three frontal teeth between orbits. Lateral teeth of carapace widely

separated. No tooth on upper margin of orbit.
B!. Carapace covered with minute color dots arranged in small annular clus-
ters; granules enlarged along median line. Outer surface of palm
MEATY, STOO UME eee ae en ee ocellatus ocellatus, p.19.
B?. Carapace of a uniform color, without spots; granules not enlarged along
medianline. Outer surface of palm rough_ocellatus guadulpensis, p.23.
A?, Four frontal teeth between orbits. Lateral teeth of carapace broad, narrowly
separated. A strong tooth on upper margin of orbit____punctatus, p. 24.

OVALIPES OCELLATUS OCELLATUS (Herbst)
LADY CRAB; SAND CRAB; CALICO CRAB
Plates 2 and 3

Cancer ocellatus Hersst, Natur. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, pt. 1, 1799, p. 61,
pl. 49, fig. 4 (type-locality, Long Island near New York; type not extant).

Portunus pictus Say, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 62
(type-locality, ‘‘sandy shores of the sea’’ [eastern United States]: type not
extant).

Platyonichus ocellatus LATRBILLE, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 10,
1825, p. 152.—Deg Kay, Nat. Hist. New York, pt. 6, Crust., 1844, p. 9,
pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 5, fig. 7—Smira, Rept. U. 8. Commr. Fish & Fisheries,
vol. 1 for 1871 & 1872 (1873), pp. 338 [44], 533 [239], 547 [253].—R. Rarusoun,
Fisheries & Fishery Industries of U. S., sec. 1, 1898, p. 774, pl. 266.

Ovalipes ocellatus M. J. Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 597;
Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1905, p. 9.

Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus Hay and Suore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16
(1918), p. 426, and synonymy.

Diagnosis.—Three frontal teeth. Lateral teeth widely separated.
No tooth on upper margin of orbit. Color dots of carapace arranged
in small annular clusters. Outer surface of palm nearly smooth.
Male abdominal segments 3 to 5 fused.

Description.—Carapace about one-fourth wider than long, convex,
finely granulate everywhere except in the median line where there
is a longitudinal band of slightly enlarged granules. Front with three
acute teeth, the median about twice as long as the lateral ones.
Orbit with one shallow fissure above. Antero-lateral teeth strong,
acute, directed forward. Inner suborbital angle projecting as far
as the median tooth. Pterygostomian region with a long curved
stridulating ridge made up of approximately 50 close set striae which
narrow into tubercles at the inner end of the ridge; a short comple-
mentary ridge exists at the proximal end of the inner margin of the

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

152,

BULLETIN

20

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 21

arm. Tooth at distal inner angle of merus of outer maxilliped longer
than broad.

Chelipeds rather large; distal three-fifths of anterior margin of
merus with several small spines and a dense fringe of hair; carpus
with two spines the inner one very long; hand triangular in section,
external border costate, internal border with an overhanging densely
ciliated ridge which ends distally in a sharp spine; external costa and
internal line of cilia continued on the dactyl. Fingers about as long
as palm, tapering very gradually, tips turned abruptly toward each
other. Abdomen of male narrow, sides nearly parallel; sixth segment
nearly twice as long as seventh measured on the median line; seventh
segment subcircular. Abdomen of adult female suboval and small
compared to the sternum.

Color —Yellowish gray, closely set with small annular spots of
reddish purple; carapace and chelipeds with a silvery or brassy irides- ,
cence. (Hay and Shore.) Ground color of chelipeds and legs light
brownish tending to orange and bluish; large irregular bluish purple
spots on upper surface of chelipeds; large part of wrist including spine
bluish; similar but lighter spots on proximal half of other legs;
paddles greenish yellow, with deep yellow rim.

Measurements —Male (32448), length of carapace 55.2, width of
same 69.2; fronto-orbital width 29.4, width of front, between tips of
spines 10.2 mm.

Range.——Minas Basin at Bass River, Nova Scotia (Leim). From
Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to South Carolina. In sand
at low-water mark and off shore to 10 fathoms.

Material examined.—

MASSACHUSETTS.—Provincetown; swimming in schools at sur-
face by laboratory dock about 9. a. m.; August 16, 1879; U. S.
Fish Comm.; many very young (3888).

Provincetown; shore, sand; September 3, 1879; U.S. Fish Comm. ;
22 young (3887); undoubtedly the same brood as the preceding.

Provincetown; 1899; J. E. Benedict; 1 male, 1 female (29320).

Muskeget Channel; surface; August 12, 1887; U.S. Fish Comm.;
10 specimens (12791).

Woods Hole; U.S. Fish Comm.: 1882; 4 males, 4 females (4894).
Low water; 1883; 1 exuvia of female (5803). Low water; 1883;
1 young with its exuvia, August § (6392). 1885; 1 male and exuvia,
moulted September 2 (36969). Nobska beach; July 20, 1892;
V. N. Edwards; 9 young (26185). Vicinity of Woods Hole; 1911;
1 male, 3 females (32448), 1 specimen (43186). Surface, by electric
hight; September 5; 4 males, 3 females (40710). Low water; 1 male,
moulted; September 5 (36970).

Vineyard Sound; U. S. Fish Comm.: 1871; 1 young (34926).
1875; 24 very small to medium (2557). Surface; July 31, 1882;

22 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

1 young (12562). 1883; 1 male (40709). 1 female with malformed
claw (40521). West Chop Light, E. % N., 1% miles; 6 fathoms;
S. G.; temperature 65° F.; September 22, 1881; station 1042,
Fish Hawk; 1 female, medium size, with small barnacles attached
(4006). Cuttyhunk Light, N. % W., 3% miles; 17 fathoms; S.;
temperature 61° F.; September 3, 1880; station 861, Fish Hawk;
1 female (4540).

Cataumet; July 22; U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 young (40790).

Buzzards Bay; 1881; U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 young (31485).

GEORGES BANK.—Lat. 41° 15’ 30’ N., long. 68° 15’ 00’ W.;
18 fathoms; crs.wh.S. yl. Sp.; station 2576, Albatross; 1 male (10796).

RHODE ISLAND.—Sakonnet River; 5-5 fathoms; S.; temper-
ature 68°-71° F.; August 27, 1880; stations 837, 838, Fish Hawk;
11 male and female (4541). Newport; shore; 1880; U. S. Fish
_Comm.; 3 young (5756).

Narragansett Bay; S. end of Hope Island, NE.; 5-5 fathoms; M.
brk. Sh.; temperature 70° F.; August 23, 1880; stations 820, 821,
Fish Hawk; 1 young (40722), 1 young (34061).

CONNECTICUT.—Fish Hawk: Between Stratford Point Light
and Middle Ground Light; 6 fathoms; sft.; temperature 63° F.;
October 10, 1890; station 1620; 1 young (32277). Between Strat-
ford Point Light and Bridgeport Light; 4.5 fathoms; hrd.; tempera-
ture 68° F.; September 22, 1890; station 1553; 1 male, 2 females
(18205). Off Norwalk Light; 14 fathoms; sft.; temperature 62°
F.; October 10, 1892; station 1778; 1 male (82259).

NEW YORK.—Gardiners Bay, Long Island; 1874; U. S.. Fish
Comm.; 1 young (40791).

Fire Island, Great South Bay; September 27, 1884; T. H. Bean;
22 specimens (8917).

Clam Pond Cove; October 8, 1898; T. H. Bean; 2 males (42564).

NEW JERSEY.—Beesleys Point; S. F. Baird; 10 specimens
(2099).

DELAWARE.—Bethany Beach; July 4-10, 1912; W. D. Appel;
3 young (44570).

MARYLAND .—Crisfield; August 1879; T. B. Ferguson, U. S.
Fish Comm.; 2 males, medium size (3262).

VIRGINIA.—Kastern shore of Virginia; H. E. Webster; 1 male.
1 female (13857).

Smith Island: May 16-25, 1894; Charles W. Richmond; 2 males, 2
females (18288). May 19, 1898; William Palmer; 4 specimens
(21620). E. A. Mearns; 2 males (41020). i

End of Cape Charles; May 23, 1922; W. R. Schroeder, U.S. Bur.
Fisheries; 1 female (57149).

Cape Charles [City]; September 1890; W. P. Seal; 1 male (31486).

Cherrystone; August 27, 1881; M. McDonald, U.S. Fish Comm.;
6 young (3474).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 23

Off Back River Light, Chesapeake Bay; May 9, 1888; Grampus;
1 young (61074).

Chesapeake Bay; No. 2 B Buoy, N. by W. % W., No. 3 B Buoy W.
yN.; 11.44 m.; July 9, 1920; station 8830, Fish Hawk; 19 males, 6
females, (55734).

Off mouth of Chesapeake Bay; Fish Hawk: Lat. 37° 01’ 09’’ N..,
long. 75° 59’ 20’ W.; 4% fathoms; hrd. brk. Sh.; 49° F.; April 22, 1916;
station 8501; 1 young (58365). Lat. 37° 03’ 18’’ N., long. 75° 58” 12”
W.; 7% fathoms; sft. fne. S. brk. Sh.; 48.5° F.; December 3, 1915;
station 8371; 1 female (58364). Lat. 36° 59’ 55’’ N., long. 76° 00’ 42”
W.; 7% fathoms; hrd. fne. gy. S.; 53.4° F.; December 3, 1915; station
8369; 1 specimen (58363).

Cape Henry; William Evans; 2 males, small (2510).

Lynnhaven Roads; 1916; Fish Hawk: Beach; June 7; 2° males, 3
females (55556). In seine; July 16; 10 males, 1 female (61890).

NORTH CAROLINA.—Off Cape Hatteras; October 19, 1884;
Amross: lagt..o5o 21. a0 (IN.; lone. (9° 20 00% Wi’ Tltathoms;
crs. gy. S.; station 2286; 3 females (8791). Lat. 35° 21’ 25’’ N.; long.
75° 24’ 25’’ W.; 13 fathoms; ers. gy. S.; station 2285; 2 females
(P.M.Y.U.).

Middle Sound, near Wilmington; April 18, 1880; R. E. Earll,
U.S. Fish Comm.; 2 males (4016).

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Charleston; 6 males and females (4493).

Charleston Harbor; 7.8 fathoms; stky.; temperature 58° ¥.; March
13, 1891; station 1659, Fish Hawk; 3 males, 1 female, 2 young (17174).

OVALIPES OCELLATUS GUADULPENSIS (Saussure)
Plate 4

Cancer Ciri Apoa, seu Aratu Pinima, Brasiliensis Sma, Thesaurus, vol. 3, 1758,
p. 44, pl. 18, fig. 9. ‘‘Color ab omni parte idem dilute flavus, splendens.”’

Poritunus guadulpensis Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 14,
1858, p. 433 [17], pl. 2, fig. 10 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type ® in Geneva
Mus.).

Platyonichus ocellatus var. SMitH, Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for
1885 (1886), p. 632.

Ovalipes ocellatus floridanus Hay AND SHoRE, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16
(1918), p. 427, pl. 32, fig. 8 (type-locality, Pensacola, Florida; type, Cat.
No. 47959, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Color uniform, unspotted. No median band of en-
larged granules. Orbits wider than in the preceding, distance between
outer and inner orbital spines exceeding distance between suborbital
spines.

Description.—Carapace less arched than in OQ. ocellatus ocellatus
and evenly granulate all over. Antero-lateral spines, especially ,the
outer orbitals, more acute. Orbits usually wider and in consequence

¢ Examined by Dr. J. Carl.

24 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

the distance between suborbital spines narrower, but this character is
not constant, varying in the region where the two forms meet.

Color—Uniform grayish yellow (Hay), except the spine on the
inner side of the carpus and a few tubercles on the chela which are
dark brown in many specimens (Smith).

Measurements —Male (17915), extreme length of carapace 34,
greatest width of same 46, fronto-orbital width 20.9, width of orbit
7.7, width between suborbital spines 6.6 mm. Largest specimen,
female (8856), extreme length of carapace 52, greatest width of same
63 mm.

Range.—North Carolina to Texas; Guadeloupe (Saussure); Brazil
(Seba).

Material examined.—See table, page 25.

OVALIPES PUNCTATUS? (de Haan), new combination
Plates 5, 6, 7, and 8

Corystes (Anisopus) punctata DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1838, p. 13; 1835,
p. 44, pl. 2, figs.1—-1d (type-locality, Japan; type in Leiden Mus.).

Corystes (Anisopus) trimaculata pk Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, p. 13,
nomen nudum (not Seba, pl. 18, fig. 9) (type-locality, Cape of Good Hope;
type in Leiden Mus.); 1835, p. 44 (considered identical with P. bipustulatus).

Platyonichus bipustulatus MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p.
437, pl. 17, figs. 7-10 (type-locality, Indian Ocean; type in Paris Mus.).

Anisopus trimaculatus M’Lray, Illustrations Zool. South Africa, 1838, p. 62.—
Krauss, Die siidafrik. Crust., 1848, p. 27.

Platyonychus africanus A. Mitne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol.
10, 1861, p. 413, pl. 34, figs. 2 and 2a (type-locality, Simons Bay, Cape
Colony; type in Paris Mus.).

Anisopus punctatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 10, 1858,
p. 39 [37]; Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 49, 1907, p. 86.

Platyonychus purpureus Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p.
291; pt. 2, 1853, p. 1593; atlas, 1855, pl. 18, figs. 3a, 3b (type-locality,
Valparaiso; cotypes, Cat. Nos. 4280, 4281, M.C.Z.).

Ovalipes bipustulatus RatHBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 597.—
Porter, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 9, 1905, p. 32.

Ovalipes trimaculatus STEBBING, South African Crustacea, pt. 2, 1902, p. 13.—
DoFLEIN, Wiss. Ergeb. deutschen Tiefsee-Exp. ‘‘ Valdivia,”’ vol. 6, 1904, p.
92, pl. 32, fig. 6.

Magnosis.—Four frontal teeth. Lateral teeth broad. No ab-
dominal segments fused. Three large color spots on carapace; dots
not arranged in clusters. A strong tooth on upper margin of orbit.
Outer surface of palm very rough.

7 In my previous use of the specific name bipustulatus instead of punctatus it was considered that Corystes
(Anisopus) punctata was a nomen nudum in 1833 and should give way to Platyonichus bipustulatus 1834.
Subsequently it was brought to my notice by Stebbing (S. Afric. Crust., pt. 2, 1902, p. 14) that the species
punctata was sufficiently defined by de Haan under the subgenus Anisopus, where he described the peculiar-
ity of the dactylus of the second pair of trunk legs, a character not shared by ocellatus, the only other valid
species of the genus.

29

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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Description —Carapace about one-third wider than long, convex,
covered with crowded granulesof rather uniformsize. Front with four
acute teeth, the median pair narrower than the lateral, the median
sinus shallower than the lateral sinuses. Orbit with two fissures
above; between them a strong triangular tooth pointing obliquely
outward. Antero-lateral teeth broad, their outer margins much longer
than the inner and conspicuously denticulate; sinuses narrow, semi-
circular. Inner suborbital tooth or spine advanced beyond the frontal
teeth. Tooth at distal inner angle of merus of outer maxilliped no
longer than broad.

Chelipeds shorter than in ocellatus; a fringe of hair along the inner
side of the upper margin; merus overreaching carapace but little,
inner surface granulate, also distal end of upper surface; inner carpal
spine broad, having a superior carina, outer spine lacking, upper
surface rough; palm with five carinae on upper-outer surface, two
carinae at middle of inner surface. Most striking is the broad lower
surface of the palm which is crossed by from 20 to 25 or more strong
well separated, granulated striae, the striae breaking into short
pieces toward the distal end of the palm. Complementary to this
stridulating ridge there is a short, thick, transverse horny ridge on
the distal margin of the anterior surface of the merus of the first
ambulatory leg. Fingers strongly carinated, carinae granulate;
movable finger with three longitudinal rows of spinules above, those
of the inner row longest and sharpest; prehensile teeth unequal,
the larger ones with dentate or lobulate margins. Legs broad, espe-
cially last two articles. Dactylus of first pair in adult male falciform,
dilated, upper (dorsal) edge deeply grooved, the furrow beginning
near the base, its edges then spread out and give a broad, somewhat
flattened appearance to the upper surface when viewed from above.
Lower edge of first leg heavily furred in the old; swimming feet also
margined with hair.

Color —Ground yellow thickly mottled with blood-red, reddish-
brown or purple dots besides a crescent-shaped median spot and a
round or oblong spot near the postero-lateral angle of the carapace.

Measurements.—Male (61019), length of carapace to end of sub-
median spine 85, greatest width of same 109.5, fronto-orbital width
49.7, width of front between tips of spines 15 mm.

Range.—Peru; Chile as far south as Trinidad Channel (Miers);
Uruguay; Argentina. South Africa; Japan; China; Australia; New
Zealand. On sandy shores.

Material eramined.—

PERU.—Independencia Bay; 1919; Robert Cushman Murphy; 1
male (54213), from Brooklyn Mus.

CHILE.—Valparaiso; H. Kroyer collector; specimen in Copenhagen
Mus. U. S. Exploring Expedition; 1 male, 1 female, cotypes of
Platyonychus purpureus Dana (4280, 4281, M.C.Z.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 27

Tome; February 20, 1888; Albatross; 4 males, 10 females (22048).

Lota: February 15, 1888; Albatross; 3 males, 3 females (22049).
January 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (61022).

Juan Fernandez Islands; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: 11 males, 9 females
(1 ovigerous) (61021). Cumberland Bay; 7-10 fathoms, December
10, 1 young (61103); in seine haul on beach, December 19, 1 ovigerous
female (61020).

Chile; May 10, 1898; F. Silvestri collector; 1 male (61073), from
Buenos Aires Mus.

URUGUAY.—Cabo Santa Maria, Rocha; Florentino Felippone;
1 male (54632).

ARGENTINA.—Mar del Plata: March 1918; M. Doello-Jurado;
1 young, lent by Buenos Aires Mus. F. Felippone; 2 females (62365,
62475).

Golfo Nuevo, Chubut Territory; from Buenos Aires Mus.: Inde-
pendencia collector; 1 male (61019). 1915; Puerto Madryn; 1
male, 1 female (61018).

AFRICA.—Cape Town; February 1890; W. H. Brown; 5 males,
4 females (14882), from United States Eclipse Expedition.

JAPAN.—Oshoro, Hokkaido; Madoka Sasaki; 1 male (54479).

Hakodate, Hokkaido; September 19, 1896; Albatross; 1 female
(20178).

Off northeast coast of Nippon; William Stimpson, N. Pacific
_ Exploring Expedition; 3 males (2038), received from U. S. Navy
Department.

Same, Rikuoku, Nippon; 1900; Jordan and Snyder; 1 male (26256),
from Stanford University.

Yenoshima; Imperial University, Tokyo; 2 males, 5 females
(45868), 2 males, 5 females (45877).

Sibushi, Osuni, Kiusiu Island; T. Urita; 1 male (48327).

Japan; H. Loomis; 2 males, 1 female (17561).

Japan or China; Dale and Jouy, U.S. S. Palos; 1 young (5284).

CHINA.—Foochow, Fukien; 1924; C. R. Kellogg; 1 male (58727).

AUSTRALIA.—Port Jackson, New South Wales; Australian
Museum; 1 male, 1 female (17031).

Genus BATHYNECTES Stimpson

Bathynectes Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 145; type, B.
longispina Stimpson, 1871=B. superba (Costa, 1853).

Thranites Bovauuius, Ofvers. K. Vetensk—Akad. Forh., 1876, p. 59 (1877);
type, T. velox Bovallius, 1877= B. superba (Costa, 1858).

Thranistes A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1881, p. 60; error for
Thranites.

Antero-lateral teeth five, spiniform, separated by considerable

intervals, the posterior one much the longest. Front without a
median tooth. Inner hiatus of orbit wide open, not filled by the

28 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

basal article of the outer antenna which is narrow and firmly soldered
anteriorly to the process of the front. The merus of the outer
maxillipeds is as broad as long, does not project beyond the buceal
cavity but fits close to its anterior edge. Legs very slender, first
shorter than second, second and third very long, third a little the
longer; fourth nearly two-thirds as long as third, its last two articles
broad and flat, the terminal one without midrib.
Contains only one species.

BATHYNECTES SUPERBA (Costa)

Plates 9 and 10

Portunus superbus O. G. Costa, Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Addizioni a i Deca-
podi Brachyuri, 18538, p. 19, pl. 7, colored (type-locality, near Naples;
type in Naples Mus.).—Carus, Prod. Fauna Medit., vol. 1, p. 517.

Bathynectes longispina Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 146
(young male) (type-localities, off Sand Key, Key West, and American
Shoal, all in the Florida Straits, 100-150 fathoms; types in M.C.Z.).—A.
Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 234, pl. 42, fig. 1-le (young
male).—Smitu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, 1883, p. 17.

Bathynectes brevispina Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 147
(female) (type-locality, off the Marquesas, Florida Straits, 107 fathoms;
type in M.C.Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust.Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 235.

Thranites velor Bovauuttus, K. Vetensk—Akad. Forhand., 1876 (1877), No. 9,
p. 60, pls. 14 and 15 (type-locality [Storeggen], northwest of Bergen, Norway,
150 fathoms; type in Stockholm Mus.).—G. O. Sars, Den Norske Nordhavs
Exped., vol. 15, Crust., pt. 2, 1886, p. 1.

Bathynectes superba Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 7, 1891, p. 274,
and synonymy.—A. MILNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 311.

Diagnosis.—F rontal teeth four. Spine at lateral angle of carapace
unusually long. Chelipeds spinous. Legs very long.

Description of adult.—Carapace covered with a close-cut pubescence
and dense granulation. A transverse blunt ridge connects the
spines at the lateral angle; a similar ridge crosses the cardiac region;
the antero-lateral spines increase in length from the first to the
last; last spine about twice as long as the next. Of the frontal
teeth those of the middle pair are subspiniform, more advanced
and much narrower than the outer teeth, which are broad and
triangular. Inner upper angle of orbit small, acute; sinuses short
and open; lower border denticulate and with a prominent inner
spine, and a small outer spine, below which is a deep narrow fissure,
and above it a broad, shallow fissure. From the base of the inner
spine a small projecting lobe crosses the bottom of the hiatus of the
orbit and reaches the basal article of the antenna. This article
is oblong and bears a crest or carina along the outer side, termi-
nating anteriorly in a slight tooth. Flagellum of outer antennae
more than half as long as the carapace.

§ For the dates of the various parts of Costa’s work, see Sherborn, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5,
1910, p. 132, and Index Animalium, pt. 1, 1922, p. xxxix.

29

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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Chelipeds one half longer than the carapace; merus with a long
spine on the inner edge and a short one on the upper edge, both
distant from the anterior extremity of the arm about one-third
of its length. Carpus with a very long spine at inner angle, which
spine is itself armed with two or three small spines on the anterior
edge; carpus also with three other spines and several spinules on
the upper-outer surface. Hand costate, three ridges on the outer,
two on the upper, and one on the inner side; of the superior ridges,
the outer one is armed with five spines and the inner one is denti-
culated and has a long spine at the summit anteriorly; fingers nearly
as long as palm, strongly carinate and irregularly dentate within.
Ambulatory legs of the third pair two and a half times as long as
carapace. Dactylus of swimming paddles broadly lanceolate,
pointed.

Young.—A transverse ridge interrupted at the middle is apparent
on the gastric region. The frontal teeth are blunt, those of the middle
pair are rounded lobes. The lateral teeth are proportionaily wider
and the intersinuses narrower.

Color—Dull red, grayish between granules; marginal spines
bright red. Ventral surface and appendages including proximal
portion of ambulatory legs pale red or tinged with red. Chelipeds
specked and slightly mottled with red. Terminal third of digits
scarlet, somewhat obscured at the tips by blackish. Merus and carpus
of legs and propodus of last leg specked and mottled with scarlet;
propodus of first 3 pairs, except a narrow band at distal end, and
dactyli of all four pairs, bright scarlet. (After Smith.)

Measurements.—Male (11366), length of carapace including fron-
tal teeth 34.2, excluding teeth 32.4, width of carapace in front of lateral
spines 40.2, width between tips of lateral spines 52, fronto-orbital
width 27, width of front 11.6 mm. Longest specimen, with unusu-
ally short lateral spine, male (11366), total length of carapace
42.2, total width 63, width in front of lateral spines 52.9 mm.

Range.—North Atlantic Ocean: From off Marthas Vineyard,
Massachusetts, to the Gulf Stream in Florida Straits; Europe, from
Norway to Great Britain and southward to Cape Verde Islands.
Mediterranean and Black Seas. Depth, 70 to 492 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table, page 29.

Genus COENOPHTHALMUS A. Milne Edwards

Coenophthalmus A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 236; type, C.
tridentatus A. Milne Edwards.

Carapace almost quadrilateral. Front very wide, united with the
suborbital border for a considerable distance so as to completely
exclude the antenna from the orbit. Basal article of antenna short
and narrow; movable part reaching a little beyond outer orbital angle.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA ol

First article of antennules very broad. Buccal cavity rounded

anteriorly. The endostome has a strong crest defining the respira-

tory canal. Merus of outer maxillipeds subquadrate and slightly

truncate at its inner angle for insertion of palp. Chelipeds short.

Ambulatory dactyls slightly widened; those of last pair shorter and

more compressed than the preceding, their penult article elongate.
Contains only one species.

COENOPHTHALMUS TRIDENTATUS A. Milne Edwards
Plates 11 and 12; Plate 13, Figures 3-5

Coenophthalmus tridentatus A. Mtuns Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 237,
pl. 42, figs. 2-2b (Ctenophthalmus on explanation of plate) (type-locality,
Montevideo; figured type in Paris Mus.).°

Diagnosis.—Subquadrilateral. Three lateral teeth. Front arcu-
ate. Legs spinuous.

Description.—Carapace broader than long; surface uneven and
rugose with numerous short transverse lines on which very short
hairs are inserted. Front very wide, arcuate, subentire, or slightly
wavy and obscurely four lobed; a slight sinus separates it from the
inner orbital angles which are shallow rounded lobes. Orbital bordet
deeply cut and with two small open fissures above and a large
V-shaped outer emargination. Eye short and thick. Antero-lateral
border three-toothed; first tooth at outer angle of orbit shallow, with
a minute point; the others tipped with a slender spine, the third nar-
rower than the second. Postero-lateral borders nearly twice as long
as antero-lateral, thick and slightly convergent. Posterior border
very wide. Pterygostomian region, sternum and legs covered with a
short velvet like that on dorsal surface of carapace.

Chelipeds stout. The arm overreaches the carapace very little; it
has three spines on its inner margin, four on its upper. Carpus with
a strong acuminate inner spine, and various spinules on the upper-
outer surface. Palm with a double denticulate crest above, outer
surface rugose. Fingers short, channeled, prehensile borders sharp,
cut into several close-set teeth. Merus of first three ambulatory
legs spinous above; the last leg has two or three spines below on
the distal half; the propodus of each leg has a pair of spines at distal
end below, one spine outside, the other inside. Abdomen of male tri-
angular from the fourth segment to the tip; a naked, transverse
swelling on each segment from the second to the sixth inclusive.

Measurements.—Male (15406, B. A. Mus.), length of carapace 11,
width of same at last tooth 15.6, fronto-orbital width 11.8, width
between orbits 7.9 mm. In the specimens examined the females run
larger than the males: Female (Mar del Plata), length of carapace

9 The figured type is said to be female in explanation of plate (probably correct), but male in text, p. 238.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 33

12.3, width at last tooth 17.4, fronto-orbital width 14, width between
orbits 10 mm. .

Range.—Uruguay to Patagonia.

Material examined.—See table, page 32.

Subfamily THatamitinaE (Lupinaer Alcock)

Chelipeds longer, usually much longer, than any of the legs, the
first three pairs of which have a tendency to be slender; the last pair
are swimming paddles. Carapace commonly conspicuously broad;
antero-lateral borders usually cut into 9 distinct teeth, exceptionally

5 or 4.
Genus PORTUNUS Weber

Portunus WEBER, Nomenclator entomologicus, 1795, p. 93; type, P. pelagicus
(Linnaeus, 1758)=Cancer reticulatus Herbst, 1799.—Fasricrius, Supple-
metum Entomologiae Systematicae, 1798, p. 325.—Rarusun, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, pp. 155 and 160. Not Portunus Leach,
Edin. Encyce., vol. 7, 1814, p. 390 [228].

Lupa Lracn, Edin. Encyc., vol. 7, 1814, p. 390 [228]; type, L. pelagica (Linnaeus).
Not Lupa de Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, p. 11.

Lupania RAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag., vol. 3, 1818, p. 272 (substituted for
Lupa Leach).

Neptunus DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 3 and 7; subgenus of Portunus;
type, P. (N.) pelagicus (Linnaeus).

Achelous DE HAAN, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 3 and 8; subgenus of Portunus;
type, P. (A.) spinimanus Latreille.

Amphitrite pp Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 3 and 8; subgenus of
Portunus; type, P. (A.) gladiator Fabricius.

Pontus DE HAAN, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 3 and 9; subgenus of Portunus;
type, P. (Pontus) converus de Haan.

Monomia GistEeL, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, 1848, p. vi (substituted for
Amphitrite, preoccupied).

Posidon Herxtots, Addit. Faun. Africae Occid., 1851, p. 3; type, P. validus
Herklots.

Xiphonectes A. MILNE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 9, 1873,
p. 157; type, X. vigzlans (Dana).

Hellenus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, pp. 210 and 221; subgenus
of Neptunus; type, N. (H.) spinicarpus (Stimpson).

Carapace transverse, usually broad, and depressed or little convex,
often with surface aieath ee Front proper well delimited from inner
supra-orbital angles and cut into from three to six—usually four—teeth;
its breadth is from a sixth to a fifth the greatest breadth of carapace
(lateral epibranchial spines not included). Antero-lateral borders
oblique, arched, longer than postero-lateral, cut into nine teeth
(including outer orbital angle), of which the ninth may be enlarged.
The orbit usually has two fissures or sutures in upper border, which
border is less prominent than lower border, so that the orbit very often
has a dorsal inclination; the lower border has a fissure or suture near
the outer angle, inner angle dentiform and usually very prominent.

79856—30——-4

34 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

The antennules fold transversely. The basal antennal article is
peculiarly short and has its antero-external angle produced to form a
lobule or spine extending into the orbit; the flagellum, of moderate
length, stands in the orbital hiatus. Epistome short or even linear,
sometimes prolonged in the middle line to form a spine lying below the
interantennulary septum. Buccal cavity squarish, broader than long,
efferent branchial channels almost always well defined. Palpus of
outer maxillipeds subcylindrical. Chelipeds longer, usually much
longer than any of the legs, and massive; arm with spines; both inner
and outer angles of wrist spiniform; paim prismatic, costate, and
usually with spines, fingers usually nearly as long as the palm and
strongly toothed. Ambulatory legs compressed; in the last pair the
merus and carpus are short and broad; propodus and dactylus typi-
cally foliaceous and paddle-like for swimming. Abdomen of male
triangular, five-segmented, the third, fourth, and fifth segments
being fused; the first segment in both sexes is almost entirely concealed
beneath tbe carapace.

Found in tropical and temperate seas.

The chelipeds of the female are shorter than those of the male and
sometimes stouter or more swollen; the carapace may be narrower
than in the male. In the young the carapace is often narrower in
proportion to its length than in the old; the antero-lateral teeth may
be more unequal; usually the lateral spine is longer than in the full
grown but the reverse is true in some cases. The descriptions! of
species are based on the old so far as possible.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF THE GENUS PORTUNUS

A!, Carapace wide; antero-lateral margin the arc of a circle with long radius,
whose center is near the posterior margin of the carapace.
Subgenus Portunus, p. 36.
B!. Without stridulating apparatus. Posterior angles of carapace unarmed.
C!. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet unarmed.
D'. Carapace convex, for the most part smooth and glossy; palms
swollen, only one spine on upper margin_________- Sayl, pe ote
D?. Carapace uneven, not smooth and glossy; two spines on upper
margin of palm; submedian teeth of front very small.
E!. A spine at extremity of outer margin of arm. Submiedian
teeth of front much less advanced than outer teeth.
anceps, p. 42.
E?. No spine at extremity of outer margin of arm. Submedian
teeth of front nearly or quite as advanced as outer teeth.
ventralis, p. 43.
C*. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet armed with a spine
and spinules or with spinules only. .
D'. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet armed with
spinules and with a spine at the angle.
E!. Carapace very wide; lateral spine nearly two-thirds as long
“ as antero-lateral margin____-____---_- acuminatus, p. 56.
i. Carapace narrower; lateral spine not longer than the width
of four adjacent teeth.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 35

¥'. Chelipeds heavy, propodus dilated, its. lower margin

COMINGS: — Seay oie fh yy ret bord ee DET) 8 asper, p. 56.
¥?. Chelipeds elongate, propodus not dilated, its lower
margin straight or nearly so_______ panamensis, p. 58.

D2.’ Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet armed with a
row of spinules but no spine.
E!. Frontal teeth blunt. Width of merus of swimming feet

equal to length of anterior margin________ gibbesil, p. 49.

E?. Frontal teeth sharp. Width of merus of swimming feet less

than length of anterior margin.__________ xantusii, p. 50.

ee A*stridulating ridge on lower surface of carapace. A spine at posterior
fenslewi-omtapageleen Inline tre a vocans, p. 60.

A. Carapace narrow; antero-lateral margin the arc of a circle with short radius,
whose center is near the center of the cardiac region.
Subgenus Achelous, p. 62.

Bp". Carapace with posterior corners (marginal line) rounding, unarmed.
C!. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet unarmed. Two
spines on upper margin of palin.
D'. Lateral spine or tooth of carapace larger than the next tooth.
E!. Lateral spine of carapace similar to, and very little larger
than the next spine or tooth. Upper margin of movable
finger conspicuously fringed with long hair.
depressifrons, p. 84.
E?. Lateral spine much larger than the next spine or tooth and
directed more outward. Hair on upper margin of mov-
able finger inconspicuous_______-_-___- floridanus, p. 82.
D?. Lateral tooth no larger than the preceding teeth.
bahamensis, p. 90.
C2. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet armed with one or
two spines or with spinules or with both.
D!. An erect spine on basis of swimming feet. <A large round persis-
tent red spot on postero-lateral slope of carapace_sebae, p. 79.
D2. No erect spine on basis of swimming feet. No large persistent
red spot on postero-lateral slope of carapace.
E!. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet armed with
one or two spines besides inconspicuous spinules.
F!, One spine at postero-distal angle of merus of swimming
feet.
G!. Frontal teeth sharp, spiniform. Lateral spine short.
H!. Merus of swimming feet as broad as long or
nearly so. Eight antero-lateral teeth equal.
spinimanus, p. 62.
H2. Merus of swimming feet half again as long as
broad. Antero-lateral teeth 2, 4 and 6 slightly
reduced. Carapace lumpy in the middle.
stanfordi, p. 69.
G. Frontal teeth blunt-tipped. Antero-lateral teeth
very unequal. Lateral tooth similar to and
searcely larger than seventh tooth_angustus, p. 70.
F2, Two spines at postero-distal angle of merus of swimming
feet; this merus distinctly longer than broad.
brevimanus, p. 68.
E2. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming feet armed with
spinules but no spines.

36 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

F!, A shallow, spinulous lobe at postero-distal end of merus
of swimming feet. Inner spine of carpus of male
longer) thanigpallm seer ae es ee spinicarpus, p. 92.
F2. No lobe at postero-distal end of merus of swimming feet.
Inner spine of carpus shorter than palm.
G!. Upper half of outer surface of palm smooth, irides-
cent. Chelipeds conspicuously fringed with hair above.
ordwayi, p. 71.
G2. Upper half of outer surface of palm crossed by a
longitudinal carina. Hair of chelipeds incon-
spicuous:
H!. Lateral spine of carapace less than twice as long
as preceding tooth. Carapace very convex.
affinis, p. 80.
H?. Lateral spine of carapace twice or more than
twice as long as preceding tooth. Antero-
lateral teeth unequal.
J'. Lateral spine of carapace twice as long as
preceding tooth. Antero-lateral teeth
closely, placed tasut. Na minimus, p. 76.
J*?. Lateral spine of carapace as long as the
width of the next three teeth. Front
Prominent e ssa. ae pichilinquei, p. 78.
B?. Carapace with posterior corners angled, armed with a spine or tooth.
C!, A spine at posterior angles. Lateral spine very long. Merus of
swimming feet unarmed. Ten tubercles on carapace.
tuberculatus, p. 90.
C2, A tooth at posterior angles. Merus of swimming feet with postero-
distal margin spinulous. Inner spine of carpus of male as long as
PSU rae eas a Sa SIA Sa fat _ gs iridescens, p. 93.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
gibbesiz xantusit
spinimanus brevimanus
ordwayt -angustus
spinicar pus tridescens

SPECIES PROBABLY ERRONEOUSLY REFERRED TO AMERICA

Portunus pusillus Leacu, said to be a Californian species by Filhol, Rec. Passage
de Vénus, vol. 3, pt. 2, Mission de |’ Ile Campbell, 1885, p. 381.

Neptunus gladiator var. argentatus WuitTE. Payta given as locality by Cano,
Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 214. In his geographical list
on p. 101, however, this species is not given under Payta.

Subgenus Portrunus

Carapace very wide, the antero-lateral margin being the are of a
circle with long radius, whose center is near the posterior margin of
carapace. Last spine of antero-lateral margin usually much larger
and longer than the others.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 37

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) SAYI (Gibbes)
Plate 14

Portunus hastatus Faprictus, Suppl. Entom. Syst., 1798, p. 367, in Americae
Insulis; not Cancer hastatus Linnaeus, 1767, Adriatic.—LaTREILLE, Hist.
Nat. Crust., vol. 6, 1802—
1803, p. 18.

Portunus pelasgicus Bosc,
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1
{an XJ], 1801--1802, p. 219,
pl. 5, fig. 3, not P. pelagicus
(Linnaeus, 1758); ‘‘dans
la haute mer parmi les
fucus.”’

Lupa pelagica Say, Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol.
1, 1817, p. 97; Gulf Stream.

Lupa sanguinolenta Krauss
(not Herbst), Sudafrik.

Crust., 1848, p. 11; Sar-
g P , FIGURE 6.—PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) SAYI, MALE, NATURAL
Sasso Nea. SIZE, DORSAL VIEW
Lupa cranchiana LEACH (nomen

nudum) in White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 27, not Neptunus sang-
uinolentus (Herbst); lat. 30° N., long. 36° W., on a floating thalassiophyte,
Tuckey’s Congo Expedition, 1816 (specimen in Brit. Mus.).
Lupa sayi GipBEs, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 3d meeting, 1850, p. 178 [14]
(type-locality, South Carolina; no types in Charleston Mus.),
Lupea pudica GERSTAECKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856 (1857), p.
130 (type-locality, Brazilian coast; type in Berlin Mus.).
Neptunus sayi A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.,
Paris, vol. 10, 1861, p. 317, pl. 29, fig. 2.
Lupea parvula DESBONNE in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust.
Guadeloupe, 1867, p 40 (type-locality, Guadeloupe;
type not extant).
Portunus sayi Ratuspun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897,
p. 22.—VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and
Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 376.

Diagnosis.—Carapace very convex, rather smooth
Ficure 7.—Portuncs and glossy; only four ridges; eight lateral teeth shal-
oe eee low. Palms swollen, bidentate.
ENLARGED Description.—Carapace high in the middle, sloping
downward in all directions; furrows shallow, gran-
ulation fine, scarcely visible to the naked eye; two low granulated
ridges concave forward across the gastric region; a sinuous ridge
leading up on the branchial region from the branchial spine. Frontal
or rostral teeth four, the median and submedian pairs about equally
advanced, the median very small. Inner supraorbital tooth simple,
undivided. Inner suborbital tooth large, advanced far beyond the
front. Antero-lateral teeth trending forward, their posterior margins
longer than their anterior; lateral spine long and strong, directed
outward.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

38

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42 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Merus of cheliped extending far beyond the carapace, armed with
three spines on the inner margin. A strong spine at inner angle of
carpus, a smaller spine near distal end of outer margin. Seven
carinae on manus, a spine on outer surface at articulation with
carpus, another spine at distal end of upper margin. First three
pairs of legs flat, lamellate. Swimming legs unarmed.

Penult segment of male abdomen suboblong; terminal segment
small, somewhat invaginated in the preceding.

Color—Mottled olive green or purplish and variegated yellow-
brown with white patches corresponding to their environment of
gulf-weed encrusted with white colonies of bryozoa.

Measurements.—Male (13883), total length of carapace 29, total
width 55.6, width at anterior base of lateral spine 47.7, fronto-orbital
width 20.4, width of front between tips of inner orbital teeth 11.2 mm.
Female (2368), total length of carapace 37.1, width of same 76.1,
width at anterior base of lateral spine 62.7, fronto-orbital width 30,
width of front between tips of inner orbital teeth 14.4 mm.

Habitat—Normally in masses of floating gulf-weed in mid-ocean
and especially along the Gulf Stream.

Range.—North Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia (43° N. lat.)
south via Gulf of Mexico to Guiana; Brazil (Gerstaecker). Mid-
Atlantic; Bermuda. Kerguelen Island, South Indian Ocean.

Material excamined.—See table, pages 38-41.

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ANCEPS (Saussure)
Plate 15

Lupea anceps SaussurE, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p.
434 [18], pl. 2, fig. 11-11b (type-locality, Cuba; type in Geneva Mus.).
Neptunus anceps A. MitNe Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10,

1861, p. 328 (not Lupa bellicosa Stimpson); Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 2138.

Lupea duchassagni Dessonne, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe,
1867, p. 39, pl. 4, fig. 25 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotype (?) in Geneva
Mus.).

Achelous anceps Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p.
113 [23]—Verritt, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 25, 1908, p. 378, text-fig. 26,
pl. 20, figs. 1 and 2; pl. 27, fig. 4 (not Nepiunus ventralis A. Milne Edwards).

Neptunus sulcatus A. MinNrE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 216, pl. 39,
fig. 3-8c (type-localities, Guadeloupe and 11° 49’ S. lat., 37° 27’ W. Ign,
17 fathoms; cotype from latter locality in M.C.Z.).

Portunus veninilie Ratusun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901,
p. 45 (not Neptunus ventralis A. Milne Edwards).

Portunus (Achelous) anceps RatuBpun, in Boeke, Rapport Visscherij Kolonie
Curagao, pt. 2, 1920, p. 17 (not Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 14).

Diagnosis.—A spine at extremity of outer margin of arm. Sub-
distal spine of palm at distal fifth of upper margin. Median pair of
frontal teeth very small.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 43

Descripiion.—A small species. Carapace about twice as wide as
long, not very uneven, covered with fine depressed granules; the long
branchial and the two gastric ridges low, the cardiac region with a
median furrow. Of the four triangular and blunt frontal teeth the
median are very small, much smaller than the outer ones, which are
more advanced than the outer and inner supraorbital teeth. This
last tooth is oblique with an obtusangular projection, scarcely a tooth,
on its outer slope. Antero-lateral teeth 2 to 8 are very small, spine-
tipped, similar, the first four directed forward, the last three narrower
at base and directed more outward. Lateral spine as long as the
space occupied by the 3 adjacent spines and directed outward or
slightly backward,

The 4 or 5 teeth of the inner margin of the arm are slender and dis-
tant; a terminal spine on the outer margin. ‘I'wo spines on carpus,
the inner somewhat larger than the outer. Three spines on palm,
two of which are on the upper margin, terminal and subterminal or
at the distal fifth; 5 carinae on upper and outer surfaces. Postero-
distal margin of merus of swimming-leg oblique, unarmed.

Color.—Grayish yellow with marblings or spots of yellowish,
white and blackish; inner face of chelipeds reddish. (Desbonne.)

Measuremenis—Male (15227), total length of carapace 14.1,
width of same 26.3, width at base of lateral spine 21.7, fronto-orbital
width 12.6, width of front 3.8 mm.

Habitat —Lives on sandy shores where it ordinarily buries in the
sand. (Desbonne.)

Range.—North Carolina to Brazil; Bermudas.

Material eramined.—See table, pages 44-46.

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) VENTRALIS (A. Milne Edwards)
Plate 13, Figures 1 and 2

Neptunus ventralis A. MitNngE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 215, pl. 40,
fig. 3-36 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Paris Mus.). Not Portunus
ventralis Rathbun, 1901.

Portunus sulcatus RatHBuN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 45
(not Neptunus sulcatus A. Milne Edwards).

Portunus (Portunus) sulcatus RatusuNn, Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., vol. 9,
1921, p. 67.

Diagnosis.—No spine at extremity of outer margin of arm. A
spine at distal third of upper margin of palm. Four teeth of front
about equally advanced.

Description.—Akin to anceps. Carapace short pubescent, gran-
ulation coarse and extensive forming an elaborate pattern. Frontal
teeth of median pair smaller than those next but nearly or in small
specimens quite as advanced; they are not triangular but almost
semicircular or with arcuate edge; outer teeth subtriangular with blunt,

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 47

rounded tips, and more advanced than the outer and inner supraor-
bital teeth. This last is similar to that of anceps. Of the antero-
lateral teeth the second, fourth and sixth are smaller than the others;
all are appressed and sharp-pointed, and directed obliquely inward
except the last 2 or 3 which are directed forward or a little outward.
Lateral spine broad at base, as long as the space occupied by the three
adjacent teeth, and curved a little forward.

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the cheliped are much longer and stronger than the pair on the prox-
imal half; at the distal end of the outer margin there is no spine but a
flattened plate (lame of A. Milne Edwards) or fold with a sharp edge
which projects almost imperceptibly beyond the adjacent distal edge’
of the arm. The figure of the type shows, incorrectly, a projecting
spine of good length. A longer, stronger spine at the inner angle of the
wrist than on the outer side. Of the two spines on the upper margin
of the palm the proximal one is high and laminar and situated at
the distal third of the margin. Merus of swimming leg unarmed.
Terminal segement of male abdomen longer than in anceps.

Color.—On the carapace a large postero-lateral area and a postor-
bital triangle are slate-color, as are also the greater part of the upper
surface of the merus of the cheliped, the infero-proximal two-thirds of
outer face of manus and the basal half of fingers; rest of surface a sort
of ecru drab and buff pink; fingers distally almost salmon buff with
extreme tips nearly white. Spines on inner margin of arm nearly
white. The ambulatory legs have areas of gray on the middle portion
of merus, carpus and propodus, these patches being much less exten-
sive on the third ambulatory, where there is also a small patch of
maroon on the same three articles; a maroon spot on merus and pro-
podus of swimming leg; remainder of this propodus as well as the
whole of the dactylus transparent. Some specimens are much lighter,
slate areas on carapace considerably reduced and lighter, chelipeds
with just a median spot of color, and other legs transparent instead of
slate; light areas on carapace and legs almost white, cream with the
slightest trace of pinkish buff. Eggs of female cadmium yellow. The
blackest specimen had the black areas of the carapace united across
posterior margin, the spots on the hind legs almost dragon’s blood red
and inside of base of fixed finger almost carmine; no drab area present.
(Schmitt. )

Measurements.—Female (53763), total length of carapace 14.2,
width of same 27.4, width at base of lateral spine 22.2, fronto-orbital
width 11.8, width of front 4.1 mm.

Range.—Georgia or Florida to Brazil.

Material ecamined.—See table, page 48.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

48

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 49
PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) GIBBESII (Stimpson)
Plates 16 and 17

Lupa gibbesii Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 57
[11] (type-localities, South Carolina and St. Augustine, Florida; types not
extant).

Achelous gibbesii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p.
222 [94]; as far north as Beaufort, N. C.

Neptunus gibbesti A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus., Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10,
1861, p. 326, pl. 31, fig. 1-10.

Portunus gibbesii RatHpun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 140.

Diagnosis—Carapace broad and rough. A round bare spot on
the postlateral slope. Arms 5 or 6 spined. Merus of swimming
legs spinulous.

Description.—Carapace very broad, moderately convex; surface
uneven, coarsely granulate, granules irregularly disposed. Two
transverse granulate gastric ridges and an oblique sinuous one,
extending from the tip of the lateral spine across the branchial
region; two short oblique branchial ridges; a broad transverse band
of granules on the cardiac region, interrupted at middle, and forming
a T with a median ridge behind it. Surface pubescent except on
the elevations and on an iridescent round spot on the postlateral
slope just above the insertion of the penult leg. Usually two small
bare spots along the antero-lateral margin, a small spot at base of
fourth tooth and a longer one at sixth and seventh teeth. Rostral
distance narrow, the teeth of the median pair smaller than those

of the outer pair and slightly more advanced. Inner orbital angle
bidentate, the inner tooth nearly as advanced as the outer tooth
of the front. Orbital fissures with V-shaped openings, the inner
angle of the outer fissure, produced in a small denticle. Inner
suborbital tooth very large, much more advanced than the superior
teeth. On the antero-lateral margin the first or orbital tooth is
broader and blunter than the others; the seven following teeth are
subequal, outer margins convex, tips spined; lateral spine between
3 and 4 times as long as the preceding tooth, nearly transverse, tip
curved forward.

Chelipeds very long, pubsecent, granulate on the carinae; merus
armed with 5, sometimes 6, spines on the inner margin, and one
at end of outer margin; outer half of lower-outer surface hairy. A
spine at inner and at outer angle of carpus. Manus with 6 carinae,
the one on inner edge of lower surface very blunt; a line of granules
through middle of inner surface; a spine at articulation with carpus,
another not far behind distal end of upper margin. Merus of
swimming-leg nearly as broad as long, its postero-distal margin
spinulous.

79856—30——5

50 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Second and third segments of male abdomen very broad, reaching
past the middle of the coxae of the last legs; fifth, sixth, and seventh
segments together subtriangular.

Color—Brownish red, the transverse ridges on the carapace and
the spines and margins of the chelipeds carmine red. (Hay and
Shore.) Surface silvery wherever the hairs are rubbed off by friction
(Verrill.)

Habitat —Hay * says of this crab at Beaufort, ‘often taken in
the deeper channels of the harbor.”

Measurements.—Male (26104), total length of carapace 29, total
width 56.4, width between anterior bases of lateral spines 46.4,
fronto-orbital width 22.7, width across four frontal teeth 6.8 mm.

Variation.—In the young the teeth of the outer pair of the front
are broader and blunter than in the adult, the lateral teeth show a
reduction in size in the fourth and sixth and sometimes in the second.
The bare, iridescent spots of the old are lacking.

Range.—From southern Massachusetts to Texas. Venezuela.

Material ecamined.—See table, pages 51-52.

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) XANTUSII (Stimpson)
Plate i8

Achelous zantusit Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p.
222 [94] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in M. C. Z.).

Neptunus xantusii A. M1nNE Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10, 1861,
p. 429; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 213 (part), pl. 38, figs. 1-1d, not pl. 39,
figs. 4-4c; San Diego, not Mazatlan and Chile.

Portunus zantusii Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 593.

Portunus (Portunus) xantusii Ratusun, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48,
1923, p. 620 (part).

Diagnosis.—Carapace twice as long as wide. Front not prominent;
teeth acute. Lateral spine about 3 times as long as preceding tooth.
Merus of swimming legs spinulous.

Description.—Carapace uneven. Surface of carapace and chelipeds
pubescent except on the elevations. Gastric region with a median
granulated ridge and two transverse ridges slightly concave forward;
on the branchial region an arcuate granulated ridge begins at the
lateral spine, curving forward and then inward opposite the seventh
lateral tooth; behind it two short, oblique parallel ridges; on the
cardiac region a transverse ridge interrupted at middle and forming
a T with a lower median ridge. Frontal teeth thick and narrow, not
projecting beyond the inferior orbital teeth, submedian teeth a little
narrower and usually a little more advanced than those of the outer
pair and a little further from them than from each other. Tooth at
inner angle of orbit bidentate, outer toothmoreadvanced. Postorbital

10 Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 428.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 53

tooth larger than the next or second lateral tooth and about as
advanced as the frontal teeth. Lateral teeth sharp, curving forward,
and having a tendency to alternate in size, the second, fourth and
sixth a little smaller; smuses wide. Lateral spine about three times as
long as the adjacent tooth. Orbital fissures V-shaped, the angles of
the outer fissure thickened, subdentiform.

Merus of cheliped with 4 to 6 (most often 5) spines on the inner
margin, and a distal spine on the posterior margin. Carpus with a
longish spine at inner angle and a smaller spine at distal end of outer
carina. Manus with 7 granulated ridges, a spine at the proximal end
and another at the distal fifth of the inner margin of the upper
surface. Infero-distal end of merus of swimming legs spinulous.

Measurements.—Male (21782), total length of carapace 28.6, width
of same 57.1, width between anterior bases of lateral spines 45.6,
fronto-orbital width 20.8, width across four frontal teeth 6.9 mm.
Male (22026), total length of carapace 12.6, width of same 26, width
at anterior base of lateral spine 18.7, fronto-orbital width 11, width of
front 3.4 mm.

Young.—The carapace is a little narrower than in the full grown,
the lateral spine relatively longer, as long as the width of the next
four or five teeth, the frontal teeth wider. In the very young, 7 mm.
long and smaller, the lateral spine is inclined more forward and is
about as long as the width of three teeth, the frontal teeth are much
shorter and broader, the antero-lateral teeth more unequal.

Range.—Puget Sound (accidental). From Santa Monica Bay,
California, to Gulf of California, Mexico.

Material examined.—See table, pages 54-55.

THE ACUMINATUS-ASPER-PANAMENSIS GROUP

The species of this group have so much in common and the varia-
tion within the species is so great that is is difficult to determine
whether they should be considered as forms of a single species or be
recognized as three species, as described by Stimpson. The characters
common to all are as follows: Carapace pubescent except on the ele-
vated granulated ridges and patches; protuberances few in number
and large, being on the gastric, cardiac, and inner branchial regions;
marginal teeth granulated and pubescent; middle pair of frontal
teeth smaller and more advanced than the outer pair, and the outer
tooth of the orbit; inner orbital tooth bidentate; the antero-lateral
teeth in general diminish in width from the first to the eighth, at the
same time becoming longer and more spiniform. There is a small
spine at distal end of outer margin of arm, no spine at distal end of
upper margin of palm, but a spine is present behind the extremity. <A
spine at distal lower angle of merus of swimming leg terminates a row
of spinules on the distal edge.

54

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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56 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ACUMINATUS (Stimpson)
Plate 19

Achelous acuminatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 112 [22] (type-locality, Panama; type not extant); not Portunus (Portunus)
acuminatus Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 538 and
577, pl. 49, fig. 4.

Neptunus acuminatus A. Mritne Epwarps, Cause. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 219
(after Stimpson).

Diagnosis.—Lateral spine nearly two-thirds as long as the antero-
lateral margin. Cheliped 2% times as long as carapace. Superior
spine of manus at distal fifth in male.

Description.—Carapace 2% times as broad as long. The sinuous
branchial ridge bends gradually forward and inward from the base of
the lateral spine. The median pair of teeth are subtriangular, the
outer pair less so. Of the lateral teeth only the second and sixth
teeth show any reduction; the lateral spine is very long, as long as the
width of the next five teeth, its carina nearly transverse, bent a little
forward. Chelipeds of moderate length, 2% times as long as carapace;
the spine of the carapace nearly reaches the terminal spine of the arm.
Spines on inner margin of arm 4 right, 5 left. Inner spine of wrist
subequal to proximal spine of palm; subterminal spine of palm at
distal fifth of upper margin. Sternum and.abdomen of male rela-
tively smooth and polished, terminal segment of abdomen a little
over two-thirds as long as sixth segment.

Measurements—Male (40270), total length of carapace 26.7,
width of same 65.4, width to anterior base of lateral spines 44.3,
fronto-orbital width 20.8, width of front 6.5 mm.

Range.—Known only from Panama.

Material examined.—Panama Bay; lat. 8° 38’ 00’’ N., long. 79°
31’ 30’’ W., 16 fathoms; gn. M.; March 30, 1888; station 2802,
Albatross; 1 male (40270).

eis ence s type was a young os only half an inch
(about 13 mm.) long; the lateral spine of the carapace was as long
as or even longer than in the large specimen described above, ‘‘nearly
two-thirds as long as the antero-lateral margin.” The second,
fourth, and sixth teeth were somewhat smaller than the others.
The frontal teeth were equal; this is not true of our specimen, which
though larger is not mature.

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ASPER (A. Milne Edwards), new combination
Plate 20, Figures 2 and 3; Plate 21; Plate 22, Figures 1 and 2

Neptunus asper A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 10,
1861, p. 325, pl. 30, figs. 8-8c, male (type-locality, Chili; types in Paris
Mus.); not Neptunus zantusit A. Milne Edwards, 1879.

Achelous transversus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 111 [21] (type-locality, Manzanillo, Mexico; type not extant).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 57

Neptunus xantusit A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 213 (part),
pl. 39, figs. 4-4c; Mazatlan.

Neptunus transversus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 220.

Portunus transversus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 592.

Portunus (Portunus) transversus RatuHBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910,
p. 577.

Diagnosis.—Densely pubescent. Lateral spine as long as the width
of the next four teeth. Superior spine of manus at distal fourth
(in female).

Description of female (22025).—The largest specimen is a mature
female. Carapace 2% times as broad as long; surface pubescent.
The long branchial ridge similar to that of aewminatus, the next short
ridge is formed by a broad band of coarse granules. The lobule
at the inner angle of the branchial region is deeply defined. Both
pairs of frontal teeth are triangular, deeply separated, similar, those
of middle pair somewhat smaller and more advanced than those of
outer pair. Of the lateral teeth the third is the widest, its outer mar-
gin somewhat angled; the lateral spine is of good length, as long as
the width of the next four teeth, its carina is directed a little forward.

The cheliped (the right is missing) is not more that 2) times as
long as carapace and is rather heavy, merus armed on inner margin
with 7 spines, the proximal one very small, distal interval doubly
wide. Inner spine of wrist subequal to proximal spine of palm;
subterminal spine of palm at distal fourth of upper margin. Sternum
and abdomen pubescent.

Measurements—Female (22025), total length of carapace 34.7,
width of same 77.2, width to anterior base of lateral spines 56.2;
fronto-orbital width 26.1, width of front 8.5 mm.

Additional material—The specimen next in size, a female (3267),
is broken but is about 59 mm. wide. All the marginal teeth and
spines are relatively narrower than in the specimen above described;
the lateral spine is as long as the width of the next three teeth and is
strongly curved forward. The merus of the left cheliped (the right
is missing) bears only 5 spines.

A female cotype in the Paris Museum was loaned for comparison
through the courtesy of Doctor Gravier. The abdomen is mature in
form but the size small: Total length of carapace 19.3, width of same
39.4, width between base of lateral spines 30.6, fronto-orbital width
16.2, width of front 5 mm. Outer pair of frontal teeth definitely
larger than inner pair; lateral teeth corresponding to those described
for female No. 22025; lateral spine as long as the width of the next
3% teeth; merus of cheliped armed with five inner spines; the wrist
and palm are like those of the large female described. It should be
noted that the right natatory foot of the specimen does not pertain
to it and was attached by mistake. (See plate 2.) It is larger

58 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

than the corresponding left leg, its articles are of different shape, the
ischium being absent, and appears to belong to another species.

The smaller specimens in the United States National Museum, five
in number, four male and one female, are immature with the exception
of one male. They resemble one another in most respects but differ
from female 22025 in having the frontal teeth less triangular, more
oblong and with arcuate margins, the sinuses correspondingly narrower.
There is some variation in length of lateral spines; the smallest speci-
men (male 22025) 12 mm. long having the longest, straightest, and
most transverse spines, 4 mm. long, as long as the four adjacent
teeth. The mature male (61332), length 24.7 mm. has the most
curved spine, curvature intermediate between the two mature females,
length of spine 6.6 mm., a little longer than the width of the three
adjacent teeth; meral spines 6 left, 5 right, terminal segment of
abdomen about three-fourths as long as sixth segment. The four
immature specimens show only 4 spines on the arm.

Range.—Mazatlan and Manzanillo, Mexico; Panama; Chile.

Material excamined.—

PANAMA.—Capt. J. M. Dow; 1 female (3267).

Island at end of breakwater, Panama Bay; February 5, 1912;
Meek and Hildebrand; 2 males (1 young) (61332). -

Panama Bay; March 30, 1888; Albatross: Lat: 8° 51’ 00’’ N.,
long. 79° 31’ 30’ W.; 7 fathoms; gn. M.; station 2800; 1 young
male, 1 female (22025). Lat. 8° 38’ 00’’ N., long. 79° 31’ 30’” W.;
16 fathoms; gn. M.; station 2802; 1 young male, 1 young female
(61333).

CHILE.—Coast of Chile; Fontaines collector; 1 female cotype
(Paris Mus.).

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) PANAMENSIS (Stimpson)
Plate 20, Figure 1; Plate 22, Figure 3; Plates 23 and 24

Achelous panamensis Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p-
112 [22] (type-locality, Panama; type in M.C.Z.).

Amphitrite paucispinis LocktnetTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 107 [13] (type-localities, Angeles Bay and Mulege Bay, both in
the Gulf of California, and Magdalena Bay, west coast of Lower California;
types not extant).

Neptunus panamensis A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 219.

Portunus panamensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 592.

Portunus (Portunus) acuminatus Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910,
pp. 5388 and 577, pl. 49, fig. 4; not Achelous acuminatus Stimpson.

Poriunus (Portunus) panamensis Ratusun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.. vol. 38, 1910,
pp. 577 and 610.

Diagnosis.—Lateral spine as long as two adjacent teeth and part of
a third. Cheliped of male over 3 times as long as carapace. Superior
spine of manus at distal sixth in male.

Description.—Covered with a very short pubescence. Carapace
twice as broad as long and regardless of lateral spines is sensibly

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 59

narrower than the allied species and the antero-lateral border more
arched. The branchial ridge runs obliquely forward from the lateral
spine, then turns rather abruptly inward in an almost transverse
direction, the line being a little concave forward. Frontal teeth
small, triangular with blunt points, those of outer pair not much
the larger, wider at base than those of the inner pair, and not quite
so advanced. The second, fourth, and sixth lateral teeth are some-
what reduced. The lateral spine is about as long as the width of the
next 2% or 3 teeth, and curves a little forward. The margin of the
carapace at the obtuse latero-posterior angles has a tendency to form
a raised rim. Chelipeds very long, more than 3 times as long as
carapace in male, more than 2% times in female. Merus little en-
larged, armed normally with 4 spaced spines (occasionally a fifth
small one) on the anterior margin, and one very small spine at ex-
tremity of outer margin. Inner spine of wrist about twice as long as
proximal spine of palm; outer spine of wrist much smaller than
either. The male abdomen resembles that of acwminatus.

In this species the outer tooth of the orbit (first antero-lateral
tooth) is wider than in asper, having a more decided angle on its outer
margin; the intramedial area (that part of the gastric region behind
the posterior of the gastric carinae) is shorter and broader than in
asper, the intermediate of the gastric ridges is formed by a narrow
irregular row of coarse granules instead of the band of coarse granules
in asper.

Measurements.—Male (22023), total length of carapace 22.5,
width of same 45, width from base of lateral spines 35.4, fronto-
orbital width 17.7, width of front 5.6 mm.

Range.—From east and west coasts of Lower California, Mexico,
to Peru. Chile (A. Milne Edwards).

Material examined.—

PANAMA.—Panama Bay; March 5, 1888; Albatross: Lat. 8° 10’
30’’ N., long. 78° 50’ 30’’ W.; 18 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; station
2798; 1 female (22024). Lat. 8° 06’ 30’’ N., long. 78° 51’ 00’’ W.;
33 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; station 2797; 32 males, 11 females
(22023, 25429).

Taboga Island; June, 1924; Elizabeth Deichmann; 1 male, 1
ovigerous female (61316).

Panama; March 15, 1860; A. Agassiz; 1 male (5271, M.C.Z.).

PERU.—Paita; October 7, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young (62486).

Bay of Sechura, W. of Matacaballa; 1907; R. E. Coker; gift of
Peruvian Government: About 5 fathoms; April 8; 2 females (40440).
5-6 fathoms; April 10; 1 male (40439).

60 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) VOCANS (A. Milne Edwards), new combination
Plate 25

Neptunus vocans A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. Zs vol. 2,
1878, p. 225 [6] (type-locality, Cape Verde Islands; type in Paris Mus.).—
A. Mitnge Epwarps and Bouvirr, Expéd. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman,
1880-1883, Crust. Déc., part 1, 1900, p. 68, pl. 14, figs. 6-9.

Neptunus (Amphitrite) vocans Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 174.

Diagnosis —Four large tubercles on gastric region. A slender
spine at posterior angles of carapace; a stridulating ridge on lower
surface. Chelipeds stout, ambulatory legs slender.

Description.—Carapace granulate and covered with a thin short
pubescence. Four pointed granulate tubercles are arranged on the

FIGURE 8.—PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) VOCANS, MALE (6930), CARAPACE 23.5 MM. WIDE, DORSAL
VIEW

gastric region in a light transverse curve concave forward. Behind
these a transverse line of fine granules interrupted on the median line;
beyond the cervical suture the granules are coarser, the line slightly
sinuous for half the width of the branchial region where it turns diag-
onally backward and outward across the middle of the lateral spine.
On this line of granules there is at the branchial angle a low elevation
surmounted by a small tubercle, behind which are two broad trans-
verse low and well separated tubercles. Cardiac region with a trans-
verse granulate ridge widely interrupted at middle. Front arcuate,
four broad teeth, those of median pair narrower, rounder, and more
advanced than the lateral; median sinus narrower than lateral. Pre-
orbital tooth acute, little prominent. Antero-lateral teeth denticu-
late, increasing in length and sharpness from the first to the eighth,

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 61

eighth narrower than seventh, first and second equally advanced,
first very small, on a higher level than the second and bent so as to
form part of the orbital margin. Lateral spine long and narrow,
directed outward and upward; 20 to 25 denticles on its anterior
mergin. Posterior angles of carapace with a slender curved spine
directed upward, forward, and outward.

Superior fissures of orbit open, V-shaped, as are also the two outer
fissures; one of these is in line with the second antero-lateral tooth, the
other is below, in the customary place; on the intervening lobe a
stridulating mechanism begins and continues to a point opposite the
penult lateral sinus, gradually curving away from the margin; the
striae are about 24 and become progressively shorter, the last being
only a granule. Inner suborbital tooth large, concave below; next it
a smaller tooth, followed by an oblique margin cut into 6 or 7 symmet-
rical denticles, situated so as to form
a continuation of the stridulating
apparatus. .

Chelipeds short and stout. An-
terior margin of merus denticulate
and with two spines and a tubercle,
the proximal spine narrower and
sharper than the other; a slender ricvre 9—Portunus (PoRTUNUS) vocANs,
spine at postero-distal angle; the MALE (6930), CARAPACE 23.5 = WIDE, VEN-

a TRAL VIEW TO SHOW STRIDULATING RIDGE

upper surface has a _crescentic

stridulating ridge halfway across its middle which plays against the
ridge on the carapace. Carinae of carpus and manus prominent,
denticulate; inner carpal spine large, outer small. Two spines on
manus, the supero-subdistal one a little smaller than the prominent
proximal one; 5 carinae on upper-outer surface; upper carina sinu-
ous, overhanging inner surface. Fingers thick at base, the large tooth
on each finger of the major chela strongly outstanding. Ambulatory
legs long and very slender. Merus of swimming leg small, about three
times as long as wide, slightly enlarged at middle, a slender spine
at postero-distal angle; propodus and dactylus elongate, the latter
with a terminal spine. Male abdomen after the third segment tri-
angular, not constricted.

Measurements —Male (6930), total length of carapace 11.8, width of
same 23.5, width at anterior base of lateral spine 18, fronto-orbital
width 10, width of front 4.4 mm. Holotype (carapace only) (Paris
Mus.), length of carapace 22, width of same 43 mm. (A. Milne
Edwards).

Range—West Indies; east Atlantic (Cape Verde Islands); South
Atlantic (Ascension Island).

Material eramined.—See table, page 62.

62

Material examined of Poriunus (Portunus) vocans

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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Subgenus ACHELOUS de Haan

Carapace narrow, the antero-lateral
margin being the arc of a circle with short
radius, whose center is near center of car-
diac region. Last spine of antero-lateral
margin usually not much if any larger
than the others.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINIMANUS Latreille
Plates 26, 27 and 28

Cancer hastatus J. C. Fasricitus, Entomologia
Systematica emendata et aucta, vol. 2,
1793, p. 448, ‘‘in Americae Insulis’’; not
C. hastatus Linnaeus, 1767.

Portunus hastatus Fasrictus, Supp. Entom. Sys-
temat., 1798, p. 367; (a specimen in the
Copenhagen Museum labeled ‘“‘ Portunus
hastatus’’ may be a type).

? Lupa banksii Leacu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
vol. 11, 1815, p. 319, according to White."

Portunus spinimanus LATREILLE, Nouv. Dict.
Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. 28, 1819, p. 47 (type-
locality, American waters, common in Bra-
zil; type not located); Eneyc. Méth., Hist.
Nat., Entom., vol. 10, 1825, p. 189; Cay-
enne, Brazil.

Lupa spinimana DersmMarest, Consid. Génér.
Crust., 1825, p. 98; Brazil.

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus DE Haan, Fauna
Japon., 1833, p. 8.—Ratupun, Bull. Lab.
Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898,
p. 276.

Lupea spinimana Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat.
Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 452.

Achelous spinimanus Wuite, List Crust. Brit.
Mus., 1847, p. 28.—A. Minne Epwarps,
Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1861, p.
341, pl. 32 (the locality ‘“‘Chile” is incor-
rect, but the figures represent the Atlantic
species); Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 280,
pl. 39, figs. 2-2a (very young).

‘1 Doctor Calman, who was consulted on the validity of the
name ‘‘banksii,”” wrote as follows: ‘‘Our evidence on the sub-
ject of Lupa banksii Leach is a little unsatisfactory. There is
only one specimen [in the British Museum] which might be one
of his types, but the evidence from our register is not quite con-
clusive that it isso. Leach says that there are 5 branchial spines
on the chelipeds, in this specimen there are 5 on one side and 4
on the other. The specimen seems to be identical with others
which we have identified as Achelous spinimanus, but I think it
would be a little hazardous to venture on an alteration of names
on the unsatisfactory evidence provided by this specimen.”

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 63

Achelous spinimana KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, p. 320 [5].

Achelous spinimanus smithit Verriuu,'? Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci.,vol. 13,
1908, p. 387, text-figs. 32 and 33, pl. 19, figs. 2, 2a; pl. 21, fig. 2 (type-locality,
off Hatteras, Albatross station 2285; type not yet returned to United
States National Museum.

Diagnosis.—Lateral teeth 1 to 8 subequal; lateral spine not much
longer than teeth in adult; two spines on manus; superior outer sur-
face of manus with a longitudinal, tuberculate ridge; posterior distal
angle of merus of swimming legs armed with a spine.

Description of large specumen.—Surface covered with a short close
_ pubescence except on the elevated portions; and on the anterior sur-
face of the merus of the ambulatory legs and on the sternum where
the pubescence forms a regular pattern with the bare spaces. Cara-
pace about 1% times as broad aslong. Be-
sides the customary ridges on gastric, car-
diac and branchial regions, there is a curved
ridge beginning behind the orbit and con-
tinued along the base of the third to sixth
lateral teeth. The teeth of the front and
of the bidentate inner orbital angle form a
regular arch. Frontal teeth spiniform, the
sinuses U-shaped, the median sinus just
equal to or a little narrower than the lat-
eral; the lateral sinus is about the same
width as but shallower than the sinus on
the inner side of the inner orbital tooth;
the inner branch of this tooth is spiniform,
the jouters/branch an acute tooth.| ‘The |... 10--posroxcs a crone bide
upper margin of the orbit has a prominent —srivmranvs, maze (61277), ovTER
denticle on the inner side of the outer fis- 9 ““*™77""°
sure. Outer orbital tooth equilateral, suborbital fissure V-shaped,
a marginal lobule on either side of it; inner infraorbital tooth more
advanced than the front. The second to eighth antero-lateral teeth
shallow, sharp-pointed, ninth or lateral spine half again as long as the
preceding.

Chelipeds heavy; four or five strong teeth on inner margin of merus;
a very small tooth at end of outer margin; inner spine of carpus equal
to proximal spine of manus; outer spine of carpus small; one superior
spine on manus situated at distal fourth. A very short blunt spine at
posterior distal angle of merus of swimming leg, followed by a row of
spinules on distal margin. Outer margin of male abdomen sinuous.

Age variation.—In the young (13 mm. long and under) the front is
more advanced than in the old, the teeth are not spinous but lobiform

42 Professor Verrill unfortunately compared his type material with the “‘trés-jeune”’ figure of A. Milne
Edwards, which is copied in the ‘‘ Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda,” with the caption ‘about % nat size.’’

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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68 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

and broadly rounded at the end, the median sinus is very narrow;
the superior inner and outer teeth of the orbit are subacute; the
antero-lateral teeth are relatively longer and more outstanding; the
lateral spine is more than twice as long as the adjacent tooth; the
inner spine of the carpus is rather longer than the neighboring spine
of the manus; the spine on the merus of the last leg is sharp and
distinct. This form gradually changes to that of the adult and full
grown.

Color —Pubescence light yellowish, ridges russet. Lateral teeth
reddish at base, white at tips. Fingers whitish, extremity red.
(Desmarest. )

Young specimen white with a vecy faint tinge of vinaceous buff;
another had a longitudinal median area of slate-color on the carapace.
(Schmitt. )

Measurements.—Male (61277) total length of carapace 51.7, width
of same 85.6, width at anterior base of lateral spine 77.7, fronto-
orbital width 37.8, width of front 12 mm. Male (S. U. I.) from
Bahama Banks, total length 58, width 95, length of cheliped 200 mm.
A. Milne Edwards records a male with carapace 60 by 100 mm.

Range.—New Jersey to State of Santa Catharina, Brazil. Ber-
muda (rare).

Material examined.—See table, pages 64-67.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BREVIMANUS (Faxon)
Plates 29 and 30

Achelous spinimanus Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 23; not
Poriunus spinimanus Latreille.

Achelous brevimanus Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 23 (type-
locality, near Cocos Island, 66 fathoms, station 3368, Albatross; 1 male
cotype, Cat. No. 20608, U.S.N.M., and 1 male cotype in M. C. Z.).

Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898,
p. 593; vol. 38, 1910, p. 578 (part; not the Galapagos specimens).

Diagnosis.—Branchial ridge subparallel to lateral margin as far as
the line of the anterior margin of the sixth lateral tooth where it turns
inward. Inner spine of wrist reaching about half way to the proximal
spine of the upper manus. ‘Two spines at postero-distal angle of
merus of swimming leg.

Description.—The Pacific analogue of P. spinimanus, from which it
differs in being less pubescent, surface more uneven, the long branchial
ridge more strongly arched forward, the two short branchial ridges
more oblique, median lobe of superior orbital margin more advanced
at outer angle, inner spine of wrist longer; merus of swimming legs
also longer and armed with two spines at the postero-distal angle.

Measurements.—Male cotype (20608), total length of carapace 44.5,
width of same 74, width at anterior base of lateral spine 63.8, fronto-
orbital width 30.4, width of front 9.7 mm.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 69

Range.—Revilla Gigedo Islands, Mexico, and Cocos Island, Central
America.

Material examined.—San Benedicto Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands;
A. W. Anthony; 3 males, 2 females (20696).

Off Cocos Island; lat. 5° 32’ 45”” N., long. 86° 54’ 30’" W.; 66
fathoms; rky.; temperature 58.4° F.; February 28, 1880; station
3368, Albatross; 1 male cotype (20608), 1 male cotype (4488, M. C. Z.).

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) STANFORDI Rathbun
Plate 31

Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898,
p. 593; vol. 38, 1910, p. 578 (part; the Galapagos specimens).

Portunus (Achelous) stanfordi Ratusun, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4,
1902, p. 282, pl. 12, fig. 11 (type-locality, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island;
type, Cat. No. 24838, U.
S.N.M.).

Diagnosis .—Carapace
lumpy in the middle. Five
inner arm spines. No ter-
minal spine on manus. A
spine at postero-distal angle
of merus of last leg.

Description.—Near brev-
manus, with which it is eas-
ily confused when of good
size. The configuration of
front, orbits and antero-
lateral teeth is similar, but
the lateral spine is trans-
verse, scarcely curved forward. Pubescence of carapace shorter and
more fugitive, postero-median area more lumpy, with three large
bosses in a triangle at inner angle of branchial region, and on the car-
diac region two bosses and in the very young a third, median. Arms
with five spines, sometimes six, on inner margin and one at extremity
of outer margin. Inner spine of carpus longer than any other cheliped
spine but about half as long as the same spine in brevimanus. Manus
without terminal spine above, subterminal spine near the extremity,
about at the distal fifth; carina below the superior carina less parallel
to the latter than in brevimanus, approaching nearer the top in the
proximal half. Merus of swimming leg half again as long as broad,
a single spine at postero-distal angle. Terminal segment of male ab-
domen narrower than in the allied species.

Measurements —Male (22032), total length of carapace 29, width of
same 48, width to anterior base of lateral spine 40.7, fronto-orbital
width 20, width of front 6.2 mm.

FIGURE 11.—PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) STANFORDI, MALE,
TYPE, DORSAL VIEW, X 1.5

70 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Range.—Galapagos Islands.

Material examined.—Reef Na of Tagus Hill, Tagus Cove, Albemarle
Island; March 16, 1889; Stanford Galapagos Expedition; 1 male
holotype, 1 young (24833), 1 male, 2 young (Stanford Univ.).

1888; Albatross: Albemarle Island; April 10; 1 young female
(22033). April 7; off Hood Island: Lat. 1° 21’ 30’’S., long. 89° 39’
45’’ W.; 20 fathoms; co. S.; station 2812; 1 young male (22031).
Lat. 1° 21’ 00’’ S., long. 89° 40’ 15’’ W.; 40 fathoms; co. S.; station
2813; 5 males, 8 females (22032).

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) ANGUSTUS Rathbun
Plate 32

Portunus (Achelous) angustus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898’

p. 594, pl. 44, fig. 2 (type-locality, off Hood Island, Gales. 20 fathoms’
station 2812, Albatross; type, Cat’
Nov 21587, 8 URSAaNe Me) Ge eroc)
Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4’
1902, p. 282.

Diagnosis.— Antero - lateral
teeth very unequal, four small
ones, lateral tooth very short.
One spine at postero-distal
angle of merus of swimming
feet.

Description. — Closely re-
lated to P. (A.) brevimanus.

: Mu Carapace narrower, branchial
FIGURE 12.—PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) ANGUSTUS, FEMALE, ridges stronger, front more

HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 37.2 MM. WIDE, DORSAL VIEW

advanced, outer teeth broader

at base than inner teeth from which they are separated by sinuses
wider than the median sinus. Antero-lateral teeth alternately large
and small, the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth teeth distinctly
smaller than the others, as in Cronius, the ninth or lateral tooth or
spine very little longer than the seventh. Inner suborbital tooth
equally advanced with the second pair of frontal teeth. Outer spine
of wrist smaller than in brevimanus. Merus of natatory feet more
than half again as long as wide; postero-distal angle armed with a
sharp spine. This is true of the two young specimens (25671) and
of the left merus of the typefemale; the right merus of the type shows the
base of a spine which has been broken and formed two small denticles.

Measurements —Female holotype, total length of carapace 25.5,
width of same 37.2, width to anterior base of lateral spine 33.5,
fronto-orbital width 21, width of front 7.2 mm.

Range.—Galapagos Islands.

Material excamined.—Reef N. of Tagus Nill, Tagus Cove, Albemarle
Island; March 16, 1899; Stanford University Expedition; 2 young
(Stanford Univ.), 2 young (25671).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 71

Tagus Cove; 12 fathoms; 1899; 1 young (Stanford Univ.).

Oi Hood Island; lat. 1° 21’'30’’ S:, long. 89° 39’ 45/72 W.; 20
fathoms; co. 8.; April 7, 1888; station 2812, Albatross; 1 female
holotype (21587).

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) ORDWAYI (Stimpson)
Plate 33

Achelous ordwayi Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 224
[96] (type-localities, Key Biscayne and Tortugas, Florida, and St. Thomas;
types not extant).

Neptunus cruentatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10,
1861, p. 326, pl. 31, figs. 2, 2a (type-locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.).

Neptunus ordwayi A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10,
1861, p. 480; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 217, pl. 40, figs. 2—2b.

Portunus aurimanus Forns in Gundlach and Torralbas, An. Acad. Cien. Habana,
vol. 37, 1900, p. 63 (type-locality, Cuba; type in Acad. Cien. Habana).
Portunus (Achelous) ordwayi Ratusun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2,

1901, p. 46.

Diagnosis —Chelipeds fringed with hair above. Upper outer sur-
face of palm smooth, iridescent. Postero-distal margin of merus of
swimming legs spinulous. Lateral spine of carapace in male twice as
long as adjacent tooth.

Description.—Carapace narrow, covered with a short pubescence,
and with granulation on raised portions and near lateral and anterior
borders. Front prominent, the four teeth similar, narrow, subtri-
angular, acute or nearly so, the inner pair distinctly more advanced
than outer pair. Inner orbital tooth with a sharp spiniform tip, sep-
arated from the front by a wide and very deep sinus, and having a
slight hump but not an accessory denticle on its outer margin. Orbits
and eyes large. Antero-lateral teeth a little longer than wide, spine-
pointed, the first six directed forward, the others obliquely outward.
Lateral spine narrow, curved forward, length in adults twice or a little
more than twice as long as the adjacent tooth. Postero-lateral border
near the spine almost transverse. Epistomial spine not developed.

Chelipeds short, a little more than twice as long as carapace, merus
and manus both enlarged at middle; a small curved spine at distal
end of outer margin of merus and a row of four spines on inner margin.
The carpus is armed outside with a very small spine, and inside with
a long spine reaching halfway to the manus spine, which is at the
distal third (in the largest) or fourth of the upper margin or the widest
part of the hand. The upper half of the outer face of the palm is
smooth, shining and iridescent, widest at its middle. Inner margin
of merus, distal margin of carpus and upper margin of manus and
dactylus with a fringe of long hair. Merus of swimming legs a little
longer than wide, its postero-distal margin spinulous.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

72

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76 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Color.—Pale reddish or brownish, mottled; gastric region usually
deep crimson. (Stimpson.) Backs mottled with coral red, madder
brown and rufous; legs banded, paddles transparent olive yellow;
bands on fingers almost maroon; (61177). Another Tortugas specimen
(61181) was darker, of a brownish-reddish color; carapace and cheli-
peds a grayish chestnut, with French gray caste in spots and ecru
drab tinges and spots; ambulatory legs more tawny, articles of pad-
dles transparent faint ocher yellow with ochraceous margins; fingers
distally tawny with a white band, then a band of burnt carmine,
largely crimson; median fifth white, basal two-fifths burnt carmine
and crimson; spines of cheliped mostly white with a faint ring of
burnt carmine near base and another near tip. (Schmitt.)

Measurements —Female (7837), total length of carapace 33.3, width
of same 47, width at anterior base of lateral spine 41.6, fronto-orbital

width 26.5, width of
front 8.6 mm.

Range. — Vineyard

Sound, Massachusetts

; (Sumner); North Caro-
f/ J lina to the Abrolhos Is-
pe fj Li lands, Brazil; Bermuda.
Li Material ecamined—
See table, pp. 72-75.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS)

ape MINIMUS Rathbun

aN Plate 36
Portunus (Achelous) mini-

mus RATHBUN, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol.

FIGURE 13.—PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) MINIMUS, MALE, HOLOTYPE, 21, 1898, p. 595, pl. 44,
CARAPACE 17 MM. WIDE, DORSAL VIEW fig. 3 (type-locality,
Gulf of California, 10
fathoms, station 2827, Albatross; Cat. No. 21588, U.S.N.M.); Proc. Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 18, 1924, p. 374.
Portunus (Portunus) xantusiti RatHsun, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48,
1928, p. 620 (part).

Diagnosis—Second, fourth, and sixth lateral teeth reduced;
lateral spine twice as long as eighth tooth; four or five spines on
anterior margin of arm; postero-distal margin of merus of swimming
feet armed with spinules.

Description.—Surface of carapace resembling that of P. (P.)
xantusii, but the carapace narrower; frontal teeth broader, triangular,
extremities arcuate, sides more or less convex; median sinus V-shaped ;
antero-lateral teeth closely placed, sinuses narrow; second, fourth,
and sixth teeth reduced in size, most markedly so in the half grown;
lateral tooth twice as long as eighth tooth or as long as the width of

77

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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78 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STA™ES NATIONAL MUSEUM

the next two teeth. Five spines, proximal one small, on anterior
margin of arm of largest specimen, four spines only in smaller speci-
mens; a small spine at extremity of outer margin of arm; inner wrist
spine twice as long as proximal spine of palm; outer wrist spine small,
slender; superior spine of palm about at distal fifth.

In small specimens, the lateral spine is about the same relative
length as in large.

Measurements —Largest male (Mejia Island), total length of
carapace 21, width of same 35.5 mm. Male (18206), total length of
carapace 16, width of same 28, width at anterior base of lateral
spine 24, fronto-orbital width 13.7, width of front 4.7 mm. Male
(60019), total length of carapace 12.2, width of same 21, width at
anterior base of lateral spine 17.4, fronto-orbital width 11.3, width
of front 3.7 mm.

Range.—Mexico: From Tiburon Island, Gulf of California to Tres
Marias Islands. 8

Material ecamined.—See table, page 77.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) PICHILINQUEI, new species
Plate 37

Poriunus (Portunus) xantusii RaATHBUN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48,
1923, p. 620 (part).

Type locality—FPichilinque Bay, Lower California; holotype male,
Cat. No. 60011, U.S.N.M.

Diagnosis —Front advanced. Antero-lateral teeth spiniform,
unequal; lateral spine long. Postero-distal margin of merus of
swimming feet spinulous.

Description—Another species allied to and easily confounded
with P. (P.) xantusii. It differs as follows: The carapace is nar-
rower; the front more prominent, its teeth flatter and blunt; antero-
lateral margin straighter, less arched, teeth slenderer, very unequal,
more spiniform and outstanding; lateral spine of good length, as
long as the width of the next three teeth; abdomen of male more
broadly triangular.

From P. (A.) minimus, this species may be recognized by its
longer lateral spine, slender antero-lateral teeth and advanced front.

Measurements —Male (holotype), total length of carapace 14.4,
width of same 26, width at anterior base of lateral spine 21, fronto-
orbital width 13.3, width of front 4 mm.

Range.—Mexico: From Magdalena Bay to the head of Gulf of
California.

Material eramined.—See table, page 75.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 79

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SEBAE (Milne Edwards)
Plates 34 and 35

Cancer marinis, scutiformis Sppa,Thesaurus, vol. 3, 1758, p. 52, pl. 20, fig. 9.

Portunus sanguinolentus LATREILLE, Tableau Encye. Méth., pt. 24, Crust., 1818,
pl. 272, fig. 6 (after Seba); (not P. sanguinolentus Herbst, 1788).

Lupea sebae Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 455 (type-
locality, Brazil; type in Paris Mus.).

Neptunus sebae A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1861, p. 329,
pl. 28, figs. 2, 2a; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 217.

Achelous sebae Smiru, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p.
34.—VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 380,
text fig. 27 (after A. Milne Edwards).

Lupa biocellata ForNs in Gundlach and Torralbas, An. Acad. Cien. Habana, vol.
37, 1900, p. 57, text fig. 78 (type-locality, Cuba; typein Acad. Cien. Habana).

Portunus (Achelous) sebae RatHpun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2,
1901, p. 46.

Diagnosis.—An erect spine on basis, and a postero-distal spine on
merus, of swimming paddle. A large round red spot above each
postero-lateral margin. A longitudinal carina on manus just below
upper margin.

Description —Has much in common with P. (A.) ordwayi, namely,
the elevations of the carapace, the shape of the front and orbit, the
character of the lateral teeth, the fringes on the inner-upper margin of
the cheliped, and the shape of the male abdomen. On the other hand,
sebae attains a larger size; has a relatively wider carapace, not in-
cluding the lateral spine; a large red spot on the postero-lateral slope,
which persists in alcohol; all the spines except those of the front and
inner orbit have a dark horny tip; the lateral spine is as long as the
next 2% teeth in the old; chelipeds more elongate, less enlarged at
middle of merus and manus, one spine at extremity of ischium, six
or five spines on inner margin of merus veiled by a fringe of long hair,
posterior distal spine situated a little behind, not at, the extremity;
inner carpal spine same length as proximal spine of manus; upper-
outer surface of palm elongate, not enlarged or iridescent but bearing
a granulated carina just below upper margin; all the carinae of the
paim, 5 outside and 2 inside, more or less fringed with hair; two
superior spines, one at distal third, a small one at extremity; on the
basis of swimming paddles a curved spine directed upward, outward
and forward; a spine at postero-distal angle of merus, and a second,
smaller spine on the distal margin next to the articulation with the
carpus.

Age variation.—As customary in the genus the lateral spine is
longer in the young than in the old; in a specimen (24498) about 13
mm. long the spine is exceptionally long, length equal to width of
next 5 teeth.

Color —General color, tighter end of Mars brown and of burnt um-
ber. Areolations picked out in red. Under parts white. Pubescence

80 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

light lemon yellow. Antero-lateral teeth margined and tipped with
purple madder with a splotch of white on median dorsal surface.
Branchial spots a cross between purple madder and Indian red, a
dark deep rich color, margined or surrounded by a white ring. Fringe
of anterior margin of merus of cheliped light brown ocher. Tips of
fingers like dark end of purple madder; ridges on carpus, tips and
bases of all spines same color; spines elsewhere white. Paddles and
extremities of ambulatory legs tending toward middle of brown
ochre. (Schmitt.)

Measurements.—Male (61249), total length of carapace 47, width
of same 88, width to anterior base of lateral spine 71, fronto-orbital
width 28, width of front 10.7 mm.

Range.—Gulf of Mexico * and Florida Straits to Brazil. Bermuda.

Material examined.—See table, page 81.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) AFFINIS (Faxon)
Plates 38 and 39

Achelous affinis Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 24, 1893, p. 155, except
the Mexican specimens (type-localities, off Panama, 56 fathoms, and Ecua-
dor, 52 fathoms; cotypes in M.C.Z. and U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 20613); Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 23, pl. 4, figs. 1-1.

Portunus (Achelous) affinis Ratuspun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p.
595; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, p. 71.

Diagnosis.—Carapace 1.7 times as long as wide. Lateral spine or
tooth very little longer than preceding tooth. Merus of swimming
legs spinulous.

Description—Carapace rather strongly convex, surface rugose,
granulate and pubescent, but not so uneven as P. (P.) xantusi.
Front not prominent, four triangular blunt teeth, the two submedian
a little more advanced and separated from each other by a triangular
notch, and by a much broader and shallower sinus from the outer
tooth. Inner orbital angle bidentate, inner tooth more advanced.
Antero-lateral teeth shallow, becoming progressively sharper from
front to back; last tooth, at lateral angle, very little longer than the
one before it. Normally five spines on inner margin of arm and a
small one at end of outer margin. Inner spine of carpus about twice
as long as proximal spine of manus; outer spine of carpus very small.
Palm elongate, carinae similar to those of xantusi, the second area
below the top narrowing at both ends; superior spine not far behind
the extremity, or about the distal seventh. Distal end of merus of
last leg spinulous.

Has much in common with P. (P.) xantusii, but is narrower and has
a shorter lateral spine. It replaces that species in more southern
waters.

13 An earlier record “ North Carolina”’ is erroneous.

81

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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82 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Measurements. Male (22035), total length of carapace 29, width of
same 49, width at anterior base of lateral spine 44.4, fronto-orbital
width 22.7, width of front 7.2 mm.

Variation.—Two specimens in a lot of 125 have a longer lateral
spine than usual, but it is not twice as long as the preceding tooth.

Range.—Cape San Lucas, Mexico, to Ecuador.

Material examined.—See table, page 83.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) FLORIDANUS, new species

Plate 40
Portunus (Achelous) anceps RatHpun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 141; not
P. (P.) anceps (Saussure).

Type locality —Oft Key West, Florida, 45 fathoms; holotype male,
Cat. No. 15043, U.S.N.M. |

Diagnosis.—Median teeth of front minute. Lateral spine of cara-
pace short. ‘Two spines on upper margin of palm. Postero-distal
margin of merus of swimming legs entire.

Description —Carapace narrow, without strong ridges but with an
extensive pattern formed by bands of fine granules; branchial ridge
short, starting well forward at the gastric region, trending obliquely
backward and forming an obtuse angle opposite the seventh lateral
tooth; pubescence short, inconspicuous. Frontal teeth triangular,
very unequal, median pair acute, much smaller and much less advanced
than the lateral, which are blunt; median sinus reaching farther back
than lateral sinuses. Inner tooth of orbit obtusangled, anterior
margin obliquely transverse; only one superior orbital fissure and
that with a V-shaped opening; outer tooth narrow, viewed from above,
very wide and flat viewed from the side, and furnished with a tuft of
hair; outer sinus large, a little less than a right angle; inner tooth
very broad and blunt. Antero-lateral teeth 2 to 8 small, similar,
spiniform; sinuses U-shaped, the first the: widest, the next three
wider than the succeeding three. Lateral spine short, strong, much
larger than the adjacent spines, tip curving obliquely forward.

Arm and chela expanded at middle; inner margin of merus armed
with two larger spines on distal half and 1 to 3 smaller spines or spin-
ules on proximal half; a small curved spine at distal end of outer
margin. Inner spine of carpus larger and outer spine smaller than
the propodal spine at the articulation. Two incurved spines on
upper margin of manus, one at the extremity, the other not far be-
hind. Merus of swimming leg longer than wide, postero-distal ex-
tremity unarmed. Proximal half of sixth segment of male abdomen
with parallel sides, sides of distal half convergent.

Measurements —Male holotype, total length of carapace 13, width
of same 20.6, width at anterior base of lateral spine 17.6, fronto-or-
bital width 11.8, width of front 3.6 mm. Female paratype, total
length of carapace 15.2, width 23.2 mm.

83

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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84 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Range.—Known only from the type lot of specimens.

Material ercamined.—Off Key West, Florida; lat. 24° 25’ 45’’ N.,
long. 81° 46’ 00’ W.; 45 fathoms; coral; temperature 75° F.; Janu-
ary 15, 1885; station 2318, Albatross; 1 male holotype, 2 females
paratypes (15043).

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) DEPRESSIFRONS (Stimpson)
Plate 41

Amphitrite depressifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7,
1859, p. 58 [12] (type-localities, South Carolina and Florida Keys; types
not extant).

Achelous depressifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 223 [95]—A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol: 10,
1861, p. 342; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 230, pl. 40, figs. 4 and 4¢.—VERRILL,
Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 391, text-fig. 36,
pl. 20, fig. 3.

Neptunus (Achelous) depressifrons Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886,
se oe

Portunus (Achelous) depressifrons RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ.
Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 276.—Hay and Snore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol.
35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 430, pl. 33, fig. 7.

Diagnosis.—Lateral spine or tooth very little longer than those in
front of it. Upper half of outer surface of palm granulate between
the carinae. Upper margin of movable finger fringed with hair.
Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming legs entire.

Description.—Size medium, shape suboblong, owing to the great
fronto-orbital distance, the small lateral spine and the narrow in-
conspicuous front. Pubescence of carapace short and fugitive,
granulated lines and patches low. Teeth of front small, triangular,
those of inner pair a little the smaller and usually a little more ad-
vanced than those of outer pair. Inner tooth of orbit simple, a little
behind line of front; fissures ending in V-shaped emarginations;
inner lower tooth broad, well advanced. Antero-lateral teeth sharp-
pointed, directed mostly forward, fourth and sixth teeth somewhat
reduced, second not uniformly so; ninth or lateral tooth similar to
the others in shape and curvature and very little longer. Posterior
angles below the granulated marginal line bluntly angled.

Chelipeds stout, 2% times as long as carapace. Merus broad,
armed with 5 or 6 spines on inner margin and one small distal spine
at end of outer margin; an outstanding fringe of short hair on inner
surface below marginal spines. Inner spine of carpus full twice as
long as proximal spine of palm; outer spine small. Upper carina of
manus strong, reaching nearly to finger and ending in a large ascend-
ing spine; a smaller spine at extremity of margin; a fringe of hair
projects downward from the inner lower edge of the carina. A
strong ridge through the middle of the palm forms an oblong upper

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 895

half and a distally widening lower half; the upper half has a longi-
tudinal compound row of distant spinules or granules above its
middle, the lower half has a carina leading to the interdigital sinus.
Above the proximal half of the lower margin there is an outstand-
ing fringe of long hair. An erect fringe of hair on upper margin of
dactylus. Postero-distal margin of merus of swimming leg unarmed.

Color.—Male, (61208) surface of carapace mottled and speckled or
spotted with cream buff, olive buff, bice green or oil green + olive; upper
surface of hands and carpus same, upper surface of merus more tawny
olive, with tinge of gallatine yellow. Upper margin of hand in spots:
and middle third of carpal spine, and basal half of meral spines on
inner margin maroon+crimson. ‘Teeth of fingers and distal half of
cutting edges and distal half of hairs on upper margin of movable
finger rich dahlia purple; inside of tip of upper finger and inside of
distal third of lower finger magenta shading into antwerp blue, on
proximal third of finger and inside of hand shading into primrose
vellow with tinging of olive buff. Hairs on proximal half of upper
margin of movable finger ochraceous. Hairs on upper anterior mar-
gin of merus white gray. Ambulatory legs: Dactyls, propodi, and
carpi antwerp blue, shading on proximal half into a pale grass green;
near upper margin meri are green, shading into blue (but a light
greenish one) on lower two thirds of merus, lower margin of merus
white; dactyls margined with dahlia purple and propodi on upper
margin and hairs on lower margin y first lez propodus dahlia pur-
ple. Corneae grayish,

Five small specimens of the same om The chelipeds near proximal
and upper margin of propodus and distal half of merus are a sort of
ochraceous. Distally the blue on the dactyls gets lighter and the
purple more magenta just before the ochraceous corneous claw.
Paddle joint pale transparent almost turquoise blue margined with
ochraceous; next article, same blue and margins, but down the cen-
ter has a tinged line of grass green which is a little stronger and
diffused over a larger area near either articulation; rest of swimming
foot like carapace but with same darker olive+oil green spots.
(Schmitt. )

Measurements —Male (61208), total length of carapace 25.2, width
of same 40, width at base of lateral spine 37, fronto-orbital width
21.2, width of front 5.6 mm.

Range.—North Carolina (Coues) to Caribbean Sea. Bermudas.

Material examined.—See table, pages 86-89.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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90 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BAHAMENSIS, new species
Plates 42 and 438

Type-locality—The Current, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas; July 15,
1903; B.A. Bean; 5 males, 5 females; received from the Geographic
Society of Baltimore; 1 male is type, Cat. No. 31069, U.S.N.M.

Diagnosis.—Lateral spine no longer than those in front of it. Upper
half of outer surface of palm without granules between the carinae.
Upper margin of movable finger fringed with hair. Postero-distal
margin of merus of swimming legs entire.

Description.—Very close to P. (A.) depressifrons. Differs as fol-
lows: Antero-lateral teeth shorter, the fourth, sixth and eight teeth
slichtly reduced; the tooth at the lateral angle of the carapace is not
enlarged, but is similar to the other lateral teeth. The outer orbital
tooth is less advanced than in the related species and does not reach
the line of the frontal teeth. Fronto-orbital distance greater in pro-
portion to carapace-width. The posterior of the two granulated
lines on the protogastric regions is less sinuous than in depressifrons.
Chelipeds narrower, teeth of merus smaller; outer surface of palm
just above median carina wrinkled, nongranulate. Merus of swim-
ming foot shorter and broader.

Age variations.—In specimens smaller than the type the upper half
of the palm shows transverse rows of fine spinules in the wrinkles, and
in the space above there may be a single longitudinal line of scanty
granules or spinules. Antero-lateral teeth sharper in the young than
in the adult, the last or ninth tooth a little longer than the others in
carapaces 15 mm. wide or less.

Color.—In alcohol the color pattern so persistent in depressifrons
has disappeared. There is a trace of red on the fingers especially on
the teeth, and a reddish spot on the condyle of the manus at the artic-
ulation with the dactylus.

Measurements.—Male type (31069), length of carapace to end of
teeth of median pair 25, width of same 37.2, fronto-orbital width 22.1,
width of front between antennae 6 mm.

Additional locality—Bahama Bank, east of Cat Key; 3 feet;
John B. Henderson; 2 young (61213).

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) TUBERCULATUS (Stimpson)
Plate 44

Achelous tuberculatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 223 [95] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in Brit. Mus., M. C. Z.,
and U.S.N.M., Cat. No 19679).

Neptunus tuberculatus A. M1tnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 221, pl. 39,
fig. 1-1b.

Portunus (Ach.) tuberculatus RaTHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 596.

Diagnosis —Carapace tuberculated, a spine at posterior angles.
Lateral spine very long. Merus of swimming feet unarmed.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 9]

Description.—A small species. Carapace very broad, lateral spine
very long, an erect spine at posterior angles. Width of carapace two
and a half times length. Two tubercles on mesogastric region form
a quadrilateral with two on cardiac region which are farther apart; a
protogastric tubercle is in oblique line with two branchial tubercles.
Behind these but smaller and less evident is a tubercle at the begin-
ning of a branchial ridge which is formed of a single row of granules.
There is a low posterior median cardiac tubercle. The long branchial
ridge running from the lateral spine to the inner angle is high, blunt
and forms a single arch reaching forward to the level of the sixth
‘tooth. A hepatic arch of granules nearly parallels the branchial ridge.
Front arcuate, teeth triangular, blunt, similar, submedian more ad-
vanced, median sinus deepest. Inner end of upper margin of orbit
oblique, divided into two low blunt teeth; upper fissures closed in
large part; outer tooth large, subacute. Lateral teeth 2 to 8 sharp,
the first 5 shallow, seventh and eighth longer and more outstanding;
fifth larger than third; second, fourth and sixth smaller than their
neighbors; lateral spine transverse, as long as the width of the five
spines or teeth in front of it, its anterior margin fringed with hair.
Posterior spines curved, directed upward, outward, and forward.

Four spines on anterior margin of arm and one terminal posterior
spine. Outer spine of carpus of good size, shorter than inner spine
and longer than proximal spine of manus; superior spine of manus at
distal fourth of margin. Merus of last leg unarmed.

Measurements —Male (22040), total length of carapace 12.4, width
of same 31, width at anterior base of lateral spine 20.5, fronto-orbital
width 10, width of front 3.6 mm.

Young.— Usually in this genus the lateral spine is longer proportion-
ally in young or small specimens than in full grown. Such is not the
case in tuberculatus; in one 14.4 mm. wide the spine is equal to the
width of the next four teeth, and in one 12 mm. wide the spine is equal
to the width of only two teeth.

Range.—From Cape St. Lucas, Mexico, to Panama.

Material examined—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; John
Xantus; 1 male cotype (19679) from British Museum; 8 specimens,
cotypes (1626, M. C. Z.); 7 specimens, cotypes (Brit. Mus.).

Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, Mexico; 4-10 fathoms;
1925; Hanna and Jordan, California Academy of Sciences Expedi-
tion; 1 young (Cal. Acad. Sci.) 1 young (62706).

Bay of Panama; 1888; Albatross: Lat. 8° 44’ 00’’ N., long. 79°
09’ 00’’ W.; 29% fathoms; gn. M.; March 6; 1 male (22041). Lat.
Sd 30) ON. lune, 78° 50’ 30” W.; 18 tathoms, gy. oS. bris. on. ;
March 5; 1 male (22040).

92 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINICARPUS (Stimpson)
Plate 45

Achelous spinicarpus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 148 (six
type-localities in Florida, namely, off Tortugas, off Carysfort Reef, off Conch
Reef, off Alligator Reef, off Pacific Reef, off American Shoal, and one in
Georgia, lat. 31° 31’ N., long. 79° 41’ W.; depths ranging from 13 to 150
fathoms; types not extant).

Neptunus (Hellenus) spinicarpus A. MttNe Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879,
p. 221, pl. 40, fig. 1-1b; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 11 (Saba
Bank excepted).

Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus RATHBUN, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol.
2, 1901, p. 47.

Diagnosis.—Inner spine of carpus of male longer than palm. No
toothe at posterior angles of carapace. Marginal teeth narrow, spini-
form. Aspinulouslobe at postero-distal end of merus of swimming foot.

Description.—Surface pubescent, granules on elevations beadhke,
not crowded. Teeth of front and antero-lateral margin narrow,
spiniform, separated by broad U-shaped sinuses. Of the frontal
teeth those of the median pair are more advanced than those of the
outer pair, which in turn overreach those at the inner angle of the
orbit. This angle is bidentate but the outer denticle is low and blunt.
Supra-orbital fissures V-shaped, a spine on the inner side of the outer
fissure. The orbit has a strong dorsal aspect, the lower outer emargi-
nation is a wide V. Lateral spine long, in the full grown as long as
the width of the next four teeth. The second, fourth, and sixth teeth
are somewhat reduced.

Chelipeds of male 3 times as long as carapace; merus with 4 or 5
slender spines on inner margin and one spine at extremity of outer
margin. Carpus with a very small spine outside but a long flattened
swordlike spine at inner angle; it is curved and is bordered on its
lower concave margin with a fringe of hair; it is longer than the manus
and in flexion fits between merus and manus. The superior spine of
the manus is small and is about at the distal fifth of the article; the
manus is dilated below the union of palm and finger. The postero-
distal angle of the merus of the swimming legs is irregularly spinulous
or denticulate, some of the denticles in the old male are situated on a
shallow lobe pointing distad.

Sex and age variations.—The berried females examined run smaller
than the males, their chelipeds are shorter, only about 2 times as
long as the carapace, the carpal spine does not reach beyond the
superior spine of the manus. :

In mature individuals the lateral spine is slightly curved forward;
in the young and half grown it is straight or nearly so, transverse or
directed slightly backward. It is longer than in the old, as long as
five lateral teeth in the half grown, and as six teeth in the very young.

Color.—Half grown male (61265),sand gray and clay colored mottled
carapace; general cast of carapace cream buff and pinkish buff,

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 93

under parts white. Corneae mottled white and cinnamon, mostly
white. Proximal side of each spine of merus or arm with crimson
spot; a crimson line parallels the posterior white ridge. The carpus
has a spot of crimson at articulation; its long spine has a longitudinal
splotch of color on the posterior surface, whereas on the anterior
surface there is a clay colored one as though the color showed through ;_
fringe of hair on this spine between crimson and pomegranate purple.
Fingers marked inside with crimson, outside the corresponding spots
are clay color. Extremity of dactyls of ambulatory legs crimson,.
most extensive on first one, diminishing progressively on second and
third. Three crimson spots on the coxa-basis of swimming legs; a
narrow crimson stripe on last two articles, one parallel to posterior
edge of propodus, the other parallel to antero-distal quarter of dactylus.

Full grown specimens (61257) much as smaller one above. Cara-
pace more buff pink with highest ridges touched with cinnamon
rufous. Fingers bordered with crimson and maroon; two basal
teeth of dactylus and margins of palm white, rest of chela maroon
purple and lake red, same color on fringe of hair on carpal spine;
ambulatories wine purple.

Two very young, the larger 6 mm. long (61270) have a large spot
of vinaceous buff either side of the middle of the carapace; smaller
one with darker spots of clay color.

Eggs (61256), those eyed are Prout’s brown; those non eyed are
a more compact mass, flame scarlet + Saturn red+salmon. (Schmitt.)

Measurements —Male (61256), total length of carapace 28.3,
width of same 52.5, width measured from base of lateral spine 43.2,
fronto-orbital width 20.6, width of front 6.6 mm.

Range-—From North Carolina to the Province of Sao Paulo,
Brazil; 5 to. 208 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table, pages 94-96. It is worthy of note
that whereas this species is abundant on the Florida Keys no remains
were found among the contents of the hundreds of fish stomachs
examined in recent years. This is attributable to the formidable
armature of the chelipeds which is sufficient to ward off the enemy.

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) IRIDESCENS (Rathbun), new combination

Plate 46

Neptunus (Hellenus) iridescens RatHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893,
p. 240 (type-locality, Gulf of California, station 3017, Albatross; type, Cat.
No. 17445, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—A tooth at posterior angles of carapace. Inner a
of carpus of male as long as palm. Postero-distal end of merus of
swimming foot spinulous.

Description.—Closely related to P. (A.) spinicarpus from which it
differs as follows: The posterior corners of the carapace have each a
sharp, erect tooth; the principal regions are more prominent; the front

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 97

g 2 less advanced, not reaching the line of
E = the outer orbital teeth; the frontal teeth
ei ia blunt, not sharp, at tip; the inner of the
S55 = ee25 two teeth at the supra-orbital angle den-
i PASS tiform, not spiniform; merus of swim-
5 | | ‘| | ming leg a little longer, its postero-distal
3 ~ tice | angle spinulous but not forming a lobe;
= i = = long spine of wrist straight, not curved,
s : ‘i+! | in dorsal view, though sinuous in side
= s eee view. The only full-grown specimen in
. = ii1! | hand lacks chelipeds except for a long
ae | ge g3be carpal spine.
eee The type-specimen (female) is only
| & #222 | half grown; it is very deeply areolated,
z | i eneee presenting a very different appearance
2 2222 | fromthe full-sized male. The
ge E ae eae antero-lateral teeth are wider,
aoe Ge the lateral spine longer. The
: i% +! | merus of the chelipeds has four
E i i£1'! | inner spines and a_ broader
é a ote postero-distal spine; the long
& se | imner carpal spine just reaches eae
Aw rt Anew the distal third of the manus, (Acuetovus)
aS a outer spine smaller than proxi- Wn
| |:8 $382 | mal spine of manus; superior tyre, our
: | S= |>S 8258 | spine of palm at distal fifthof [um
B/S |°S S582 | margin. Three smaller speci-
g | 2 :S 882% | mens (male) from as many localities
| 22 ~S S558 | goree substantially with the type.
ern oa) ARRS Measurements—Male (17434), total
g | | | i length of carapace 26.4, width of same
¢ iii! | 51.8, width at anterior base of lateral
z Z| 2 Laity 38.7, fronto-orbital width 20.6,
Hare | 3 width of front 6.5 mm. Female holo-
> E oy 5 type, total length of carapace 15, width
5 = ae 8 of same 35, width, at anterior base of
2 ‘ Fa gs lateral spine 22, oo width 12,
A fsen% width of front 3.8 mm.
gece Be Range.—Mexico: West coast of Lower
SoH See California and Gulf of California.
ae Material examined.—See table, p. 97.

79856—30——8

98 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Genus CALLINECTES Stimpson

Callinectes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 220 [92];
type, C. diacanthus (Latreille) =C. sapidus Rathbun.

Differs from Portunus in having the abdomen of the male very
narrow, .-shaped, and the merus of the outer maxillipeds strongly
produced outwardly at the antero-external angle. The different
species agree also in being of large size; in having only four dorsal
carinae, formed of single granules; two transverse, usually curved and
subparallel lines on the gastric region and one sinuous oblique line
on the branchial region leading inward from the lateral spine; eight
strong antero-lateral teeth followed by a stout spine at the lateral
angle; stout chelipeds, the manus with five external carinae, a supero-
distal spine and a proximal spine at articulation with carpus; the
carpus without an inner spine, an outer spine at widest part of article;
merus with three (exceptionally 4) stout spines on inner margin and
a small spine at postero-distal end; paddles without spines. Maxi-
mum size of female less than that of male; abdomen of immature
female triangular from fourth segment to extremity.

Inhabits the shores of tropical and temperate America; West Africa;
South Pacific islands.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLINECTES

Al. Front bidentate between the teeth at inner end of orbits. Appendages of
male abdomen reach end of terminal segment___---------- sapidus, p. 99.
A?. Front quadridentate between the teeth at inner end of orbits.
B!. Median pair of frontal teeth low, rudimentary.
C!. Inner orbital fissure closed.
D!. Appendages of male abdomen reach end of terminal segment.
Antero-lateral teeth acuminate. Intramedial area!! about
twice as broad as long------------ sapidus acutidens, p. 111.
D?. Appendages of male abdomen do not reach beyond middle of
penult segment. Antero-lateral teeth broad and _ shallow.
Intramedial area about three times as broad as long.
ornatus, p. 114.
C2. Inner orbital fissure open. Appendages of male abdomen reach only
to distal fourth of penultimate segment----_-_--- bellicosus, p. 112.
B?. Median pair of frontal teeth well developed, even if small.
C!. Lateral spine of carapace more than twice length of posterior margin
of preceding tooth.
D'. Intramedial region shorter than its posterior width.

E!. Second to sixth antero-lateral teeth with anterior and pos-
terior margins subequal. Tips of male appendages
straight, reaching terminal fourth of penultimate segment.

danae, p. 118.

E2. Second to fifth or sixth antero-lateral teeth trending for-
ward, their posterior margins convex and longer than
anterior margins.

4 That part of the gastrie region behind the posterior of the gastric carinae.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA a9

F!, Median frontal teeth one-third the size of outer pair.
Anterior width of intramedial area twice its length.
Appendages of male abdomen reach or nearly reach

last segment, tips slightly curved_arcuatus, p. 121.

F?. Median frontal teeth very small. Anterior width of
intramedial area more than twice its length. Ap-
pendages of male abdomen very short, overreaching
third (or coalesced) segment but little if at all.

marginatus, p. 123.

D2. Intramedial area longer than its posterior width. Frontal
teeth large, typically blunt and rounded. Appendages of
male abdomen reaching nearly to end of terminal segment.

toxotes, p. 127.
C?. Lateral spine of carapace not more than twice length of posterior
margin of preceding tooth.

D'. Antero-lateral region of carapace smooth, nongranulate.
Frontal teeth typically broadly rounded. Appendages of male
abdomen reaching end of terminal segment__-_-_bocourti, p. 128.

D*. Antero-lateral region granulate. Frontal teeth triangular.
Appendages of male abdomen reaching middle of penulti-
Matersesmmentwee ees ie ie ee exasperatus, p. 130.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
sapidus acutidens beliicosus
danae arcuatus
bocourti toxotes

CALLINECTES SAPIDUS Rathbun
BLUE CRAB; COMMON EDIBLE CRAB
Plate 47

Lupa hasiata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 65, in
bays, etc. [east coast United States]; p. 443, St. John River, Florida. Not
L. hastata Desmarest, 1823=Cancer hastatus Linnaeus, 1767, Adriatic.

Portunus diacantha LATREILLE, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 10,
1825, p. 190 (variety only) (type-localities of diacantha, North America,
Antilles, Brazil, etc.; types not extant).

? Lupea dicanitha MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 451 (part).

Lupa dicantha Goutp, Invert. Massachusetts, 1841, p. 324——Ds Kay, Nat.
Hist. New York, Zool., pt. 6, Crust., 1844, p. 10, pl. 3, fig. 3.

Callinectes hasiatus Orpway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p.
568.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 224 (variety of C.
diacanthus).—R. Ratupun, Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the U. S.,
sec. 1, 1884, p. 775, pl. 267.

Callincctes sapidus RatTuBuUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896) p.
352, pls. 12; 24, fig. 1; 25, fig. 1; 26, fig. 1; 27, fig. 1—Hay and SHoRg,
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 432, pl. 35, fig. 1.—Purrs,
Proc. Nova Scotia Inst., Halifax, vol. 15, 1923, p. 83; Cow Bay, near
Halifax.

Diagnosis —Frontal teeth two. Appendages of first segment of
male abdomen reach extremity of abdomen.

100 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

/\

/

aa /

k

FIGURE 15.—CALLINECTES, FRONTAL OUTLINES. a. SAPIDUS. b. ORNATUS. C¢. SAPIDUS ACUTIDENS.

d. DANAE. €. MARGINATUS. f. EXASPERATUS. g. BOCOURTI. A. ARCUATUS. i. TOXOTES. k.
BELLICOSUS

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 101

S&S,

h

FiGURE 16.—CALLINECTES, ABDOMINAL OUTLINES OF MALE. 4. ORNATUS. 8. DANAE. C. SAPIDUS.
d. MARGINATUS. €. BOCOURTI. f. EXASPERATUS. g. TOXOTES. h,. ARCUATUS. #. BELLICOSUS

162 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

gece
cS
\ 7 \

“yf Se Nat Viger
emis =H
ft

C4

FIGURE 17.—CALLINECTES, ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MALE. 4. ORNATUS. 6. DANAE. C. SAPIDUS.
d. MARGINATUS. €. EXASPERATUS. f. ARCUATUS. g. BELLICOSUS. h. BOcOURTI., t. TOXOTES

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 103

=
a 6
Be
gs

FIGURE 18.—CALLINECTES, ABDOMINAL OUTLINES OF FEMALE. 4. SAPIDUS. b. ORNATUS.
C. MARGINATUS. d. DANAE. €. EXASPERATUS. ff. BOCOURTI. 9g. ARCUATUS. h.
TOXOTES. (FOR BELLICOSUS, SEE FIG. 20, P. 113)

104 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Description.—Carapace of adult male from 2% to 2% times as
broad as long, moderately convex; granules of medium size, crowded
on the cardiac and inner branchial regions, scattered and faintly
marked on the anterior half of the carapace. Length of intramedial
region about one-half or a little less than one-half its anterior width.
Frontal teeth two, broadly triangular, subacute, extremities almost
rectangular; faint indications of a median pair of denticles on their
oblique inner margins sometimes present; median subfrontal spine
conical and strong. Inner supraorbital tooth broad, faintly biden-
tate, less advanced than the front; of the superior fissures the outer is
shorter than the inner, both are closed except at anterior extremity
where there is a shallow V-shaped opening; outer tooth elongate-
triangular, acute; inner suborbital tooth acute. Lateral teeth 2 to 8
acuminate, concave on both margins; lateral spine in males from two
to about four times the length of preceding tooth. Costae of wrist
and hand marked with depressed granules, often almost smooth to
the eye; lower costa obsolete on greater part of palm.

Penultimate segment of male abdomen much constricted in its
proximal half, widening at both extremities; terminal segment elon-
gate, obtuse, lateral margins convex proximally, slightly concave or
straight distally; appendages of first segment reaching nearly to or
beyond the extremity of the abdomen, approximate for their basal
half, with only a slight outward curve, distal portions widely divergent
except at tips. Abdomen of adult female very broad, margins of
third, fourth, and fifth segments separately convex; terminal segment
longer than wide.

Age variation.—In small and medium sized specimens the granules
are more distinct on anterior half of carapace and on costae of wrist
and hand, the antero-lateral teeth broader, their margins more or
less convex, inner suborbital tooth broader.and obtuse, abdominal
appendages shorter than in the old.

Color.—Grayish or bluish green of varying shades and tints
relieved by more or less brilliant red on the spines of carapace and
on the fingers. (Hay and Shore.) Occasional examples of albinism
have been noted, either a claw (23840) or a wholly white crab
(Maryland).

Size-—Adult males vary in width from 6% to 8% inches; adult
females from 5 to 7 inches. Male (19051), total length of carapace
75.4, width of same 178, width at anterior base of lateral spine 139.2,
fronto-orbital width 62.6, width of front 19.6 mm. Male (59885),
total length of carapace 93.6, width of same 223, width at anterior
base of lateral spine 169, fronto-orbital width 76, width of front
23 mm.

Habitat—Muddy shores to deep water; brackish water of estu-
aries, and occasionally in fresh water. Common; used abundantly
for food.

105

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

NOUHLVY ‘WY UaLdy

*“MOIA TYSHOd

HIOH SG00OM ‘HIV ‘SOdldVs SALOANITIVO—

61 Fuad g

106 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Range.—Nova Scotia to Uruguay; Bermudas.“ Uncommon north
of Cape Cod; occasionally in Massachusetts.

Material ecamined.—

MASSACHUSETTS.—U. 8S. Fish Commission: Vineyard Sound; 6
young (2249). Woods Hole: 1882, 3 large. (4946); 1883, 1 female
(5860); August, 1885, 1 young (40788); surface, by electric light,
September 5, 2 young (40723). Vicinity of Woods Hole; 1911; 1
specimen (43178).

RHODE ISLAND.—Newport; 1880; U. S. Fish Commission: 2
young (4537); shore, sand, 1 young male (36324); shore, 1 young
(86327).

NEW YORK.—Hudson River at West Point; August 18, 1910;
BH. A. Mearns; 2 males (41457). Creek near West Point; E. A. Mearns;
6 young (19648). Sing Sing; brackish water; S. F. Baird; 1 male,
2 young (2449). Patchogue, Long Island; September 17 and 19,
1884; T. H. Bean; 8 specimens (8922). Great South Bay; 1898;
T. H. Bean; 5 young (42566). Clam Pond Cove; October 8, 1898;
T. H. Bean; 1 male (42565).

NEW JERSEY.—Great Ege Harbor; William Stimpson; 2 males
(8218). Near Cape May; 1928; Horace G. Richards; 1 young,
returned to sender.

MARYLAND.—(For Fish Hawk dredgings in Chesapeake Bay, see
table, p. 108.) Fork Point; Thomas Stine; 1 deformed claw
(41753). Magothy Bay; July 22, 1916; Fish Hawk; 1 young
(61055). South Bend (an estuary of the Chesapeake about 12 miles
below the Severn River); De Lancy Gill; 1 deformed claw (43351).
Chesapeake Beach: September 27, 1905, Bureau of Fisheries, 2
specimens (47287); June 23, 1910, A. C. Weed and W. W. Wallis, 1
young male (40269); July 24, 1920, Earl D. Reid; 2 young (61057).
Mouth of creek half way between Chesapeake Beach and Plum Point;
May 30, 1912; William Palmer and A. C. Weed; 1 young (48872).
Beach about 2 miles N. of Plum Point; Weed, Wallis, Palmer, and
Hasbrouck: July 3, 1912, 2 young (44489); July 4, 1912, 1 young
(44492). Plum Point; June 1, 1912; Palmer and Weed; 6 young
(48865). Plum Point Creek; July 4, 1912; Weed, Wallis, Palmer, and
Hasbrouck; 3 young (44491). Parker Creek; Weed, Wallis, and
Palmer; 1 young (48871). Beach about 1 mile N. of Dare’s Whari,
Calvert County; July 5, 1912; Weed, Wallis and Palmer; 3 young
(44490). Near Barren Island; 20 fathoms; 1882; Fish Hawk; 1
specimen (5189). Rock Point, Neals Creek, Deans shore, Charles *

18 For its accidental occurrence at Rochefort, France, in fresh water, see Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat
Paris, vol]. 7, 191, p. 16.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 107

County; September 5, 1927; A. A. Dean; 1 male (61370); Black-
istone Island; November 4, 1897; Bureau of Fisheries; 3 young
(48864). South side Piney Point; October 4, 1897; A. Marmaduke,
Bureau of Fisheries; 4 young (48867). St. Georges Island; brackish
pond; August 11, 1890; H. M. Smith, U. S. Fish Commission; 10
young (20113). Rock Hole Creek, Little Annemessex River; August
26, 1891; Fish Hawk; 1 male (26093), with oyster spat attached.

POTOMAC RIVER.—March 25, 1891; J. F. H. Sisson: 1 de-
formed claw (15624). Washington, D. C., market; Violet Dan-
dridge; 1 male, 1 female (45656).

VIRGINIA.—(For Fish Hawk dredgings in Chesapeake Bay, see
table, p.108.) Back River; 1897; Capt. Wm. Thompson; 3 deformed
claws (21694). Kinsale, Westmoreland County; Capt. J. H. John-
son; 1 male (33018), with oyster attached. Mathews Court House,
Mathews Co.; January 15, 1893; Capt. Alex. James; 1 female
(26092), with young oyster attached. Cape Charles City; October
25, 1897; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; 4 specimens (48866). York
River, Gloucester Point; April 3, 1894; Fish Hawk; 1 young (48869).
Mouth of Hampton Creek; February 24, 1898; U. S. Bureau of
Fisheries; 1 young (48868). Hampton Bar; N. Raynor; 1 female
(23220; right claw white. Willoughby Point; January 21, 1880;
M. McDonald; 2 deformed claws (3327, 3328). Lynnhaven Roads;
in seine; July 16, 1916; Fish Hawk; 1 y. female (61383). Chinco-
teague; July, 1913; Henderson and Bartsch; 5 young (46283).
Accomac; 1851; Samuel J. Adams; 3 claws (1 deformed) (2451).
Cheriton, Northampton County; August 9, 1927; T. B. Smith; 2
males, 1 female, immature (61061). Off Hampton Roads; April 8,
1887; Albatross: 11 fathoms, 1 young female (12456). 12 fathoms,
1 young (12455).

NORTH CAROLINA.—Gallant Point, Beaufort; mud flats; Sep-
tember 13, 1928; Schmitt and Shoemaker; 3 young (62462).

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Near Charleston Harbor; 1-12 fathoms;
March 20, 1880; R. E. Earll; 1 female (3153). 1891; Fish Hawk:
Winyah Bay; 1 young (20114). Off North Island, Winyah Bay; 6
feet; January 6; 3 males, 3 females, 1 young (17192). Creek flowing
into Ashley River between bridge and Wappoo cut; January 9;
4 young (18411). Jericho Creek; January 23; 1 young (17193).
Coosaw River; February 18; 25 young (17190). Cat Island Creek,
Port Royal; February 2; 1 specimen (17194). One mile inside May
River; January 17; 1 female, 1 young (32275). |

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

108

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 109

FLORIDA.—1879; J. W. Milner; 2 young (18245). St. Mary’s
River, Fernandina; December 5, 1919; Albatross; 1 young (61056).
Salt Springs, Marion County; November 19, 1926; Edward J. Brown,"
3 males (59885). Indian River at Titusville; January 14, 1896;
U.S. Fish Commission; 5 young (20110). Indian River Inlet; Janu-
ary 23, 1896; U.S. Fish Commission; 1 female (20109). Stuart, St.
Lucie River; January 29, 1896; U. S. Fish Commission; 2 young
(20111). Lantana; February 12, 1892; H. M. Smith; 2 young
(20112). Cocoanut Grove; shallow water at edge of bay; November
1923; James Silver, U. S. Biological Survey; 1 male, soft shell, 2
females, all young (58425). Bamboo Key, Florida Bay; January 23,
1903; Fish Hawk; 1 young (48881). Key West; H. Hemphill; 10
young (13827). Boca Grande, just inside of Pass; surface; April
27, 1915; 7.30-8.30 p. m.; Fish Hawk (E. Danglade); 1 young male,
2 young females (61381). Tortugas; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie
Institution: June 13, 1925, Dexter collector, 1 male (61058); Long
Key beach, from sand, August 20, 1924, 1 young (61005); Long
Key, in 50-foot seine, July 30, 1924, 1 female (61004). Cape Sable
Creek; February 19, 1889; Grampus; 6 females, 1 young (15244).
Marco; H. Hemphill; 2 young (15030). Marco; February 25, 1889;
Grampus; 9 specimens (15236). Gordon’s Pass; February 27, 1889;
Grampus; 1 male (15243). Puntarasa; 1 fathom; February 1884;
H. Hemphill; 1 young male (23283). Naples; April 4, 1928; O. C.
Van Hyning; 2 males, 2 females, returned to Florida State Mus.
Fort Thompson, Caloosahatchie River; in fresh water; 1 male (21332)
St. James City, anchorage; surface; December 31, 1912; 5.15 to
6.45 p. m.; Fish Hawk; 1 young female (61382). Big Gasparilla
Pass; March 5 and 16, 1889; Grampus; 5 males, 3 females (15240).
Little Gasparilla Pass; March 17, 1889; Grampus; 1 male, 2 females
(15239). Punta Gorda; Fish Hawk; 2 young (15245). Little Sarasota
_Bay; May, 1884; H. Hemphill; 2 males (6957). Tampa Bay;
3%-6% fathoms; March 29, 1901; stations 7109-7112, Fish Hawk;
1 male (25581). Off Port Tampa; 4 fathoms; mud; January 19,
1898; Fish Hawk; 3 young females (61059). Clearwater; July 14,
1879; S. T. Walker; 1 young (8280). Cedar Keys; December, 1883;
H. Hemphill; 6 young females (15033). Apalachicola Bay, vicinity
of New Inlet; 1915; Fish Hawk; 1 young male (61384). St. Vincent
Sound, Apalachicola; April 7,1915; E. Danglade, Bureau of Fisheries
1 male (61054).

16 “The country is a rolling one and in a depression the waters from the spring emerge from the ground
forming a basin 100 feet or more across and making quite a considerable stream flowing into Lake George,
fresh water, 6 miles away. The water emerges from openings in the rock bottom of the basin with con-
siderable force, one ‘‘boil’’ especially resembling a turbulent kettle in action over a hot fire, and the water so
deep in several of the ‘‘boils’”’ that bottom could not beseen. Here wesecured thecrabs. We tookasample
of the water from the most active ‘‘boil’’ and could hardly class it as salt. I doubt if sodium chloride is
present in any quantity. Lake Kerr, about half a mile from Salt Springs, is fresh water’. (Edward J

Brown.) These specimens have attained a remarkable size, the result perhaps of their unusual environ-
ment. Thethree specimens in the National Museum are from 8 to 8% inches (206 to 223 mm.) in width.

110 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

MISSISSIPPI.—Biloxi; specimens in Copenhagen Mus.

LOUISIAN A.—Lake Pontchartrain; November 9, 1882; Dr. R. W.
Shufeldt, U. S. A.; 3 males, 2 females (5280); purchased in New
Orleans market. New Orleans; 1883; Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, U.S. A.;
7 specimens (13795). Near oyster bank in bay, St. Bernard Parish;
3 feet; mud; February 7, 1898; Fish Hawk; 1 young female (26094).
West of island at S. end of Nine Mile Bayou; 2-3 fathoms; hard
bottom; Fish Hawk; 1 young (49225). Cameron; R. P. Cowles;
1 female (30567).

TEXAS.—1891; B. W. Evermann, U. S. Fish Comim.: Galveston
Bay, November 4, 1 male (17105); jetty, Galveston, November 5-15,
1 young male (17104); Swan Lake, Galveston, 2 young (17107);
Dickinson’s Bayou, November 14, 1 young male (17109); Corpus
Christi, November 27-30, 1 male, 3 females, all young (17106);
Shamrock Point, Corpus Christi, November 27-30, 1 young female
(17108). Virginia Point; Vernon Bailey, U. S. Biological Survey;
1 male (23654). Matagorda Peninsula; February 15, 1892; William
Lloyd, Department of Agriculture; 1 male (17710). Near Indianola;
8 males, 9 females, 10 young (2069). J. D. Mitchell: Matagorda
Bay, 1 male with abnormal abdomen (25035), approaching subspecies
acutidens; Old Indianola, Matagorda Bay, November 3, 1903, 2
specimens (29325), showing injuries received in soft shell; near
Bat Dupuy Lake, Jackson County, 1 full grown, immature (21647);
cove, Sand Point, Port Lavaca Bay, 1 male, 2 females (19051);
Keller’s Bay, Calhoun County, 2 large, immature females (23089), 1
deformed claw, 1 carapace (23090), 1 male with left albino claw
(23840); Big Dam Lake, O’Connor’s Ranch, Calhoun County, 1 male
with deformed abdomen, 3 deformed claws (25234). Espiritu Santo
Bay; J. Forestier; 1 deformed claw (21630).

EAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA:—S. I. Smith; 2 de-
formed claws (40862). ;
CUBA.—Santiago Harbor; January 30, 1913; John T. Nichols; 1

young (45976).

JAMAICA.—March, 1884, Albatross, 1 male (7679). C. R.
Orcutt, 1 cheliped, varying toward sapidus acutidens (62464). Big
River of Twin Rivers, Lucea; July 27, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 speci-
men (42866). Montego Bay; November 12, 1910; E. A. Andrews;
3 males (1 soft shell) 1 female (42867). Montego Bay; July 10,
1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 female (42857). Kingston Harbor: 1893, R.
P. Bigelow, 1 female (17976); May 31, 1927, C. R. Orcutt, 1 male,
varying toward sapidus acutidens (62463). Mouth of Rio Cobre
(fresh water); R. P. Bigelow; 1 young (18244).

NICARAGUA.—1892; Charles W. Richmond; specimens varying
toward sapidus acutidens: Escondido River; September 6; 1 male
(18630). Greytown; March 27; 1 male, 3 females (18246).

BRAZIL.—Rio Grande do Sul; 1 old male (Brit. Mus.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA ill

URUGUAY .—F. Felippone: Cape Polonio, Rocha; 1 male (61369),
right cheliped malformed. Twenty miles off Punta del Este; 1923;
1 male (57566).

CALLINECTES SAPIDUS ACUTIDENS Rathbun
Plate 48
Callinectes sapidus acutidens RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1895
(1896), p. 354, pl. 13; pl. 24, fig. 2 (type-locality, Santa Cruz, Brazil; type,
Cat. No. 4696, M. C. Z.); Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901,
p. 47.

Iagnosis —Teeth of carapace acuminate, spiniform. A pair of
small median frontal teeth.

Description.—Carapace wider, prominences more strongly marked
than in typical sapidus. Areolations separated by deeper depressions,
eranules more raised, gastric carinae stronger and more sinuous.
There is also a transverse granulate ridge on each cardiac lobe.
Frontal teeth narrower and more acute, and there are also two small
intermediate teeth. Subfrontal and suborbital spines acuminate.
Lateral teeth of carapace broad at base, narrowed abruptly to long,
acuminate tips, margins granulate; seventh and eighth teeth very
long, adding to the effect of width and making the antero-lateral
- margin less arcuate. Costae of cheliped very prominent and strongly
granulate; two spines on carpus, one at outer angle and a shorter one
close to the propodal spine.

Measurements.—Type male, total length of carapace 50.8, length to
median sinus of front 49, width of carapace 121, length of lateral
spine 16, of preceding tooth 5mm. Male (43921), total length of
carapace 67, width of same 148.6, width at anterior base of lateral
spine 122, fronto-orbital width 55, width of front 16.4 mm.

Range.—F rom the east coast of Florida to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
This is the tropical form of C. sapidus, which prevails in both the
north and south temperate zones.

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.—St. Johns River, Palatka; January 25, 1897; W. C.
Kendall, U. S. Fish Commission; 1 male (22276).

LOUISIANA.—Lake Palourde, Morgan City; April 21, 1897; H.
R. Center, U. S. Fish Commission; 2 males (22275).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: Arroyo; February 4; 1 young
male (24469). Mayaguez Harbor; Custom House, E. by S., 2 miles;
7 fathoms; stky. M; temperature 27° C; station 6059; 1 female
(24470).

PANAMA.—Canal Zone; 1911; Meek and Hildebrand, Smithso-
nian Biological Survey: Toro Point: April 12, 1 male (43922), 1 male
(Field Mus.); May 20, 1 female (43920). Fox Bay, Colon: January
20, 1 immature male (Field Mus.); January 27, 2 males (1 soft
shell), (59290). French Canal, Mindi, January 19, 1 immature

112 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

female, soft shell (Field Mus.). Mindi Cut, Mindi: January 28, 1
young (43918), 2 young (Field Mus.); February 3 and 4, 1 male
(43921). Creek near Gatun, January 19, 1 male, 2 females (43919),
1 male, 2 females (Field Mus.).

BRAZIL.—Santa Cruz, State of Bahia; Thayer Expedition; 1 male
holotype (M.C.Z.). Sao Joio da Barra, State of Rio de Janeiro;
November 11; E. Garbe collector; 1 immature female (returned to H.
von Ihering). Rio de Janeiro; Thayer Expedition; 1 male paratype
(19083), 1 male paratype (M.C.Z.).

CALLINECTES BELLICOSUS Stimpson
Plate 49

Lupa bellicosa (Sloat, MS.) Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7,
1859, p. 57 [11] (type-locality, Guaymas; type not extant).

Callinectes bellicosus ORDway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 18638, p.
577.—A. Mitnge Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 227 (var. of C. diacan-
thus).—RatuHBun,Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896), p. 365, pl.
22; pl. 24, fig. 10; pl. 25, fig. 8; pl. 26, fig. 8—Hoxmzs, Occas. Papers Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 73.

Lupa bellicosa? Locxineron, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 105 [11].

Diagnosis.—Middle pair of frontal teeth rudimentary. Inner or-
bital fissure open. Outer-upper carina of palm rough with short
sharp tubercles. Lateral spine of carapace short.

Description —Carapace rather evenly convex, furrow at inner angle
of branchial region deeply impressed, gastro-cardiac furrow shallow,
cardiac region not medially divided. Granules fine, closely set except
on the antero-lateral region where they are scanty and in the old absent.
Transverse carinae low, the gastric ones much curved; all become
indistinct with age especially on the inner half of the branchial region.
Median length of intramedial region less than half its anterior width
and only * or % of its posterior width. Front with two slender sharp
spiniform outer teeth and between them a pair of very faintly marked
broad, shallow teeth. Submedian tooth sharp, longer than the lat-
eral frontal pair. Inner supraorbital tooth acute; inner fissure open,
often throughout its length; orbital border outside the fissure ad-
vanced beyond that portion inside the fissure. Suborbital tooth
slender, sharp and well advanced. Antero-lateral teeth shallow,
margins more or less concave and tipped with sharp white spines.
Lateral spine very short; about twice the length of the preceding tooth
in adults, longer in the young. Merus of chelipeds armed with four
spines on inner margin; a fifth spine less sharp but grading in size
and position with these, is situated on the condyle of the ischium.
Ridge on outer upper margin of manus very prominent, marked with
large tubercles which are sharp or spiniform; other carinae less
strongly marked, often almost smooth. Terminal segment of male
abdomen half again as long as wide; appendages of first segment

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA hs

forming a double curve, tips straight, reaching to distal fourth of
penultimate segment.

Color —Almost brown above, cream-colored below, tubercles and
ridges of manus tinged with red. (Lockington.)

Measuremenis.—Male (57909), total length of carapace 78.3, width
of same 152.8, width at anterior base of lateral spine 136, fronto-
orbital width 54, width of front 11.5 mm.

Range.—From Point Loma, California (Holmes), to Gulf of Cali-
fornia, Mexico.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—San Diego; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (51111).

MEXICO.—Pichilinque Bay, Gulf of California, Albatross, April 29,
1888, 1 male, 3 females (22047), March 29, 1911, 1 young male
(48863). Magdalena Bay; 1925;
Hanna and Jordan; 1 young, returned
to Calif. Acad. Sci. 1889; Albatross:
San Bartolome Bay, 3 males (15442);
Magdalena Bay, April 8, 2 males, 4
females (15441); La Paz Harbor,
March 12, 1 male, 2 females (15436);
San Josef Island, March 16, 5 males,
2 females (15435); Carmen Island,
March 18, 2 males, 4 females (15439) ;
Concepcion Bay, mouth of Rio Mu-

FIGURE 20.—CALLINECTES BELLICOSUS, FE-
lege, March 19, 7 males, 2 females, MALE ABDOMEN
mostly young (15440); Guaymas,
March 21, 6 males, 1 female (15444); San Luis Gonzales Bay, March
27, 5 males, 2 females (15438); St. Georges Bay, March 25, 1 male,
2 females (15443); Shoal Point, Colorado River, March 26, 5 males,
8 females (15437). 1911; Albatross: Point San Bartolome, with boat
dredge, March 13, 3 males, 2 females (6007), in seine, March 14, 4
young (6005); Abreojos Point, March 16, 2 females (60010); Ballenas
Bay, March 16, 2 young males, 1 young female (Amer. Mus.); 5.
end of Magdalena Bay, March 20, 10 males, 2 females (Amer. Mus.) ;
Pichilinque Bay, by electric light, March 27, 6 young (Amer. Mus.),
March 29, 1 young male (Amer. Mus.); Agua Verde Bay, April 2,
2 immature females (60008); Mulege, at mouth of river, in 100-foot
seine, April 4, 1 male (60006); Ricason Island, Concepcion Bay,
April 7, 5 males, 2 females (60009). Turtle Bay; August 1, 1896;
A. W. Anthony; 6 males, 7 females (19514). Magdalena Bay; 1925;
Hanna and Jordan; 1 young (Cal. Acad. Sci.). La Paz; L. Belding;
2 males, 3 females (4630). Santo Domingo; 1899; C. R. Orcutt; 1
young male (51108). Guaymas, inner harbor; February 23, 1891;
P. J. Jouy; 1 young male (17291). Angeles Bay; 1921; 1 male
(57909), from California Academy of Sciences.
79856—30——9

114 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CALLINECTES ORNATUS Ordway
SHELLIGS (ANTIGUA)
Plate 50

Callinectes ornatus ORpway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 571
[6] (type-localities, Cumana, Hayti, Bahamas, Tortugas and Charleston
Harbor; cotypes in M.C.Z. from Cumana, Hayti (5137) and Charleston).—
A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex. 1879, p. 225 (var. of C. diacanthus).—
RatTuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896), p. 356, pl. 15; pl. 24,
fie, 3; pl. 25, fig. 2; pl. 26, fig: 2; pl. 27, fig. 2.

DPragnosis.—Submedian teeth of front much broader than long,
rudimentary. Intramedial area very short, three times or nearly
three times as broad aslong. Antero-lateral teeth broad and shallow.

Description.—Carapace rather convex; depressions shallow; length
of intramedial area much less than half, sometimes a third of its an-
terior width. Surface finely and rather evenly granulated. Frontal
teeth four, the two outer subtriangular, blunt, margins slightly
concave; inner teeth very small, tuberculiform, almost rudimentary,
broader than long, margin arcuate. Subfrontal tooth a prominent
spine; inner suborbital tooth a more prominent, broad, subtriangular
lobe. Lateral teeth broad and shallow; margins convex at base,
concave in terminal half; posterior margins longer than anterior; tips
acute in first five or six teeth, acuminate in remainder. Lateral
spine 2.5 to 3 times the length of preceding tooth, directed obliquely
forward. Abdomen of male with penultimate segment widest at
proximal end, its margins slightly concave; the appendages reach or
nearly reach the middle of the penultimate segment; proximally they
curve inward and touch or overlap each other; distal portions straight
and divergent, widening a little behind the slender tip. Abdomen of
female very broad at proximal end (to third segment), tapering more
rapidly to the terminal segment, and appearing more triangular, than
in any other species.

Color —General color of half grown male (61002) a sort of sage green
and hair brown with porcelain white patches, wax yellow teeth, whitish
behind white tips, top and front dragons blood red. Chelipeds largely
the same as the general color of the carapace, hair brown with greenish
tinge, spines nearly all porcelain white, their hind margin and margin
of carpus between them shiny clove brown; inner face of hand and
carpal articulation china blue, fingers all white. A sort of cinnamon
with white between ambulatories; dactyls of the latter coral red to
scarlet; propodus, carpus, and merus china blue, stippled on merus
stronger from distal end to middle of merus. Swimming legs like
chelipeds, margins of articles salmon near the articulations; proximal
half of paddle and adjacent propodus white, distal half of paddle a sort
of raw sienna and gall stone yellow; the paddle transparent. Under
parts whitish. (Schmitt.)

%

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 115

Measurements.—Males attain a width of 5 inches, females 4% inches.
Male (48394), total length of carapace 60.2, width of same 125.7,
width at anterior base of lateral spine 103.7, fronto-orbital width
46, width of front 14 mm.

Range.—New Jersey; North Carolina to State of Sao Paulo, Brazil;
Bermudas. Exceptionally in fresh water (Brues).

Material examined.—

NEW JERSEY .—1928; Horace G. Richards; specimens returned

eto sender: Avalon; August 29; 1 young male. On floating Zostera, 4
miles off Cape May; August 28; 1 young female.

NORTH CAROLINA.—Off Cape Hatteras; lat. 35° 21’ 15’’ N.,
long. 75° 23’ 15’ W.; 14 fathoms; gy. S.; October 19, 1884; station
2283, Albatross; 1 male (8863). Shackleford Banks (inside), Beaufort;
September 12, 1928; Schmitt and Shoemaker; 1 young (62460). Off
Cape Fear River; 6 to 7 fathoms; July 13, 1915; stations 8278-8280,
Fish Hawk; 1 young (58366).

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Winyah Bay; lat. 33° 49’ 45’’ N., long.
78° 04’ 00’’ W.; 7 fathoms; hrd.; temperature 80.5° F.; July 12, 1915;
station 8275, Fish Hawk; 2 young (51029). Off E. end of Sullivan’s
Island, Charleston Harbor; on oyster bed; Whiteside and Leslie; 1
young female (3185). Charleston; L. Agassiz; 3 male and female,
cotypes (5128, M.C.Z.).

BAHAMAS.—Andros Bank and Island, in sponges, Frederick
Stearns (specimens returned to sender). 1903, B. A. Bean, gift of the
Geographic Society of Baltimore: Eleuthera Island: Spanish Wells,
July 4, 1 young (31087), 3 males, 7 young (31088); Governor’s Harbor,
July 7, 1 male, 3 young (31090); Tarpum Bay, July 7, 1 male, 6 young
(31089). Long Island: Clarence Harbor, July 14, 1 male (soft shell),
1 young (31086).

FLORIDA.—Baker collector; 5 males, 4 females (2076). Miami;
G. M. Gray; 1 young (42135). Bonefish Banks, SW. end Biscayne
Bay; November 26; B. A. Bean; 1 young (33132). Broad Creek;
November 24, 1906; B. A. Bean; 2 young (33133). Bamboo Key;
January 23, 1903; Fish Hawk; 1 young male (48879). Big Pine Key;
H. Hemphill; 3 males (14889). Summerland Keys; December 6, 1906;
B. A. Bean; 1 specimen (33127). Key West: December, 1883, D. S.
Jordan, 6 males, 12 females,*12 young (5847); 1884, Albatross, 7 males,
1 female, 5 young (18229); H. Hemphill, 8 young (18230), 11 males, 4
females (10053). Marco; H. Hemphill; 1 young (18231). Punta
Rassa; April, 1883; C. W. Ward; 6 males (5753). Tortugas; 1924;
W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Institution: Long Key, July 30, 5
young (60996); near Fort Jefferson landing, Garden Key, from bunch
of dead eel grass between pipes, August 17, 3 young (60997); off W.
side Fort Jefferson, between beach to south and moat entrance,
August 19, 1 male, soft shell (60998). Bird Key; April 8, 1889;
Grampus; 1 male (15246).

116 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

LOUISIANA.—Mouth of Mississippi River; Northeast Pass tower,
NW. by W. % W.; Pass a Loutre Light, NW. by N.; 12 fathoms; sft:
M.; temperature 72° F.; June 24, 1913; station 7916, Fish Hawk; 1
young male, 1 young female (61428).

TEXAS.—San Antonio Bay; in middle of bay (E. and W.) and
about 10 miles 8. of mouth of Guadalupe R., between Mosquito
Point and Little Bird Island; about 5 feet; J. D. Mitchell; 1 female
(21631).

CUBA.—1914, Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition: »
Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio, May 22-23, 2 young
(49167); Cape Cajon, May, 3 specimens (47921, 48401), 6 males from
traps (48394); Cayo Punta Colorado, 2—3 fathoms, station 10, May 21,
17 young (48408, 48409); Los Arroyas, station 8, May 20, 24 young
(48412); Ensenada de Santa Rosa, 1 to 3 fathoms, sand, shell, mud and
sponge bottom, station 7, May 19, 23 young (49156, 49164, 49168,
48389); off Santa Lucia, May 12, 2 young (49166); Cayo Arenas, 2
fathoms, station 3, May 12, 1 young (48399); Bahia Honda, June 7,
2 young (49160), 1 young male, by submarine light (48398). Mariel;
May 10, 1900; Palmer and Riley; 1 young (23834).

JAMAICA.—Dr. Smith; 1 male (2448). 1884; Albatross; 3 males,
4 females (18227). C.R. Orcutt; 1 male (62461). February 4, 1928;
C. R. Orcutt; 1 young male (61365). Montego Bay: 1910, C. B.
Wilson: June 24, 1 female, soft shell (42856), 2 males, 1 female
(42855); from coral reef, July 20, 1 young male (42854). Montego
Bay, November 12, 1910, E. A. Andrews; 4 males, 2 females (42865).

HAITI.—Gonaives; 1860; A. Hilchenbach; 1 male cotype (5137,
M.C.Z.).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: Mayaguez, January 19, 1
female (24431), January 20, 1 young (24432); Mayaguez Harbor,
Custom House, E. by S., 2 miles, 7 fathoms, stky. M., temperature
27° C., January 19, station 6059, 3 females (24441); Boqueron Bay,
January 26-27, 5 males, 3 females (24433); Porto Real, January 26, 4
young males, 5 young females (24434); Guanica, January 28, 2 young
(24435); Playa de Ponce, January 31, 1 female (24436); Arroyo,
February 4, 1 female (24437); Hucares, February 13, 1 male, 1 young
(24439); Fajardo, February 17, 1 male (24440); Ensenada Honda,
Culebra Island, February 10, 1 male (24438).

ST. THOMAS.—A. H. Riise, 1 male (2457); January 17-24, 1884,
Albatross, 1 male, 7 young (18546); in lagoon, July 9, 1915, C. R.
Shoemaker, 4 young (53761).

ST. CROIX.—Specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

ST. MARTIN.—Simsons Bay lagoon, shallow water, sandy,
September, 1905, J. Boeke, 1 female (returned to sender). St.
Eustatius; 1905; J. Boeke: NW. of Jenkins Bay, 30 fathoms, dredged,
August 15, 1 young male (returned to sender); Tumble Down Dick

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA LTT

Bay, 40 fathoms, sandy, in beam trawl, September 17, 1 young male
(42967).

GUADELOUPE.—Specimen in Paris Museum.

ST. LUCIA.—Port Castries; November 30, 1887; Albatross; 6
males, 4 females, 3 young (22043).

MEXICO.— Cozumel, Yucatan; shore, in net; 1 male, 5 females
(9557).

BRITISH HONDURAS.—Belize; Harry J. Huwe, S. J.; 1 female
(50949).

PANAMA.—Fox Bay, Colon; March 31, 1911; Meek and Hilde-
brand, Smithsonian Biological Survey; 1 young male, 1 young female
(43915).

COLOMBIA.—Cartagena; A. Schott; 1 male (M.C.Z.). Saba-
nilla; 1884; Albatross; 1 young female (18228).

VENEZUELA.—1905; J. Boeke: Aruba: Paarden Bay, shallow
water, June 2, 1 adult male (returned to sender); lagoon, very shallow
water, July 3, 1 young male (returned to sender). Curacao: Rifwater
(lagoon), 1 fathom, July 26, 1 young male, fifth left tooth reduced,
1 young male (returned to sender). Bonaire: Lagoon, very shallow,
stony, June, 1 immature female (42948).

VENEZUELA.—Curagao; February 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 4
males, 5 females (7584). Cumana; 1859; Capt. Couthouy; 1 male
cotype (5136, M. C. Z.).

TRINIDAD, EAST OF.—From lat. 10° 37’ 00’’ to 10° 37’ 40’
N., long. 61° 42’ 40’”’ to 61° 44’ 22’’ W.; 31-34 fathoms; dk. slate-
col. M.; temperature 67°-73° F.; stations 2121-2122, Albatross;
2 males, 1 female (6900).

BRAZIL.—State of Maranhéo: Maranhao; Lieut. F. E. Sawyer,
U.S. Navy; 1 female (18232). Rio Poty, Thayer Expedition, 1 male
(M.C.Z.). State of Espirito Santo: Victoria; specimens in M.C.Z.
State of Rio de Janeiro; 1925; W. L. Schmitt: Sao Francisco,
Nictheroy, August 25, in 50-meter seine, 1 young (61001); Paqueta,
Bay of Rio de Janeiro, mud flats, August 19, station 1, 1 young
(61060). State of Sado Paulo; 1925; W. L. Schmitt: Villa Bella,
Ilha Sado Sebastiao, beach, September 23, 1 young female (61000),
weeds from rock in front of hotel, September 24, 1 young male (61002);
Ilha Sao Sebastiao, September, H. Luederwaldt collector, 2 young
(60999), Barro, Santos, in seine, September 12, 1 male, 1 female
(61003).

BERMUDAS.—J. Walter Fewkes; 1 male (M.C.Z.). G. Brown
Goode; 1 young female (3175). F.V. Hamlin, Wesleyan University ;
2 males, 1 young (4028). Hungry Bay; July-September; F. G.
Gosling; 1 male, 1 female, 1 young (25445).

118 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CALLINECTES DANAE Smith
Plate 51

? Ciri Apoa Marcerave, in Piso and Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Brasil., 1648, p.
188, text-fig. 1”

Lupa dicantha Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 272; atlas,
1855, pl. 16, fig. 7a—c. Not Lupea dicantha Milne Edwards, 1834.

Callinectes diacanthus Orpway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 575.

Callinectes danae Smiru, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p. 7 (type-
locality, Pernambuco; cotypes in M. C. Z. (5148) and P. M. Y. U.).—Rartu-
BUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895, p. 357, pl. 16; pl. 24, fig. 4; pl. 25,
fig. 3: pl. 26; fig. 3; pl./27} fig. 3:

Callinecies diacanthus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 226 (var.
of C. diacanthus).

Diagnosis. Tips of append-
ages of first segment of male abdomen straight and reaching terminal
fourth of penultimate segment.

Description.—Intramedial region wider behind than in sapidus, its
length less than half the anterior width. Front with two distinct
submedian teeth, small, subacute; lateral teeth narrow, acute. Of
the anvero-lateral teeth of the carapace, the second to sixth, inclusive,
do not trend forward, posterior margin of each tooth not much longer
nor more convex a anterior margin; all teeth acute, the seventh
and eighth especially so; eighth tooth directed forward. Lateral spine
3% to 4 times length & preceding tooth in the old male. Inner
suborbital tooth prominent and rather narrow. Penultimate segment
of abdomen of male very broad at proximal end. The appendages
reach to middle or terminal third of penultimate segment and taper
regularly to the tips; they sometimes touch each other proximally,
but more often are separated. Abdomen of female similar to that of
C. ornatus but wider in its fifth and sixth segments. Costae of
chelipeds very closely set with fine granules interspersed with larger
ones. Two sharp tubercles or spinules on wrist between outer spine
and the spine at proximal end of palm.

Color.—Specimens from Rio olive green, eight posterior legs in
part bluish, arm and hand blue with some reddish purple. (Dana.)

Measurements.—Males attain a size of 5% inches, females 4 inches.
Male (2371), total length of carapace 57.5, length to median sinus of
front 55.5, greatest width 131.5, width at anterior base of lateral spine
101.2, fronto-orbital width 45.8, width of front 13.5 mm.

Range.—From Indian River Inlet, Florida, to State of Santa
Catharina, Brazil.

Material examined.—

cae ae River Inlet; January 23, 1896; U. S. Fish
Comm.; 3 young (20115). Florida, 1859; G. Wurdemann; 2 males,
not typical (M.C.Z.).

17 As Callinectes danae is perhaps the commonest swimming crab in Brazil, it is likely that Marcgrave’s
species is identical with it, in spite of his grotesque figure.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 119

TEXAS.—Alligator Head, Matagorda Bay; J. D. Mitchell; 1
male (22817).

CUBA.—1914; Bartsch and Henderson, Tomas Barrera Expedition:
Cayo Punta Colorado, 2-3 fathoms, algae covered broken shell
bottom, May 21, station 10, 1 male (48407). Los Arroyas, May 19,
station 8, 1 female (48400). Bahia Honda; 1898; Biol. Exped. State
Univ. Iowa; 1 male (Mus. 8.U.I.). Marianaéd Playa; C. F. Baker;
2 females (31892). Cardenas Bahia; shallow water; April, 1927;
Melbourne Ward; 1 male (61050).

JAMAICA.—1884; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female (18237).
Montego Bay; November 12, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 2 males, 1 female
(42862). Kingston; 1928; C. R. Orcutt; 2 males, 1 immature female,
1 young, 2 large chelipeds (62456-62459). Kingston Harbor and Port
Royal; P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to sender. Bull Bay; C. R.
Orcutt; 1 male (62455).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. — 1928; Gerrit S. Miller, jr.;
Samana: February 22; 2 males, 4 females, 3 young (61887). On
flats at low tide; March 15; 6 males (2 soft shell), 1 female, 2 young
(61886).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: San Juan; 1 young female
(24423); Rio Bayamon, above Palo Seco, January 16, 5 males (24424);
Mayaguez, in seine, January 19, 4 males, 4 females (24425); Maya-
guez Harbor, Custom House, E. by S. 1% miles, 7% fathoms, sticky
mud, temp. 26° C., January 19, station 6058, 1 female (24428);
Mayaguez Harbor, Custom House, E. by 8., 2 miles, 7 fathoms,
sticky mud, temperature 27° C., January 19, station 6059, 1 female
(24429); Hucares, February 13, 1 male, 1 young (24427). Arecibo;
April 1, 1900; C. W. Richmond; 1 young (23664).

ST. THOMAS.—(Specimens in Copenhagen Mus.).

MARTINIQUE.—(Specimens in Paris Mus.).

Port Castries, St. Lucia; November 29, 1887; Albatross; 5 males,
6 females (22044).

BARBADOS.—F. G. Beckford; 2. small males (Brit. Mus.).

HONDURAS.—Near Belize; W. A. Stanton; 1 male, 1 female
(21379).

PANAMA.—Colon; 4 fathoms; 1884; Willard Nye, jr., Albatross;
5 females (18239); “caught at night with a small hoop net baited
and set a little way from the ship.’”’ Meek and Hildebrand, Smith-
sonian Biological Survey: Toro Point, C. Z.: May 19, 1911, 3 males,
2 females (43930), 2 males, 2 females (Field Mus.); May 20, 1911,
1 male (43923), 1 male (Field Mus.); January 25, 1912, 4 males
(Field Mus.). French Canal, Mindi, C. Z.: January 19, 1911, 1
young male (43929). Mindi Cut, Mindi, C. Z.: January 28, 1911,
1 male (Field Mus.); February 3-4, 1911, 5 males, 3 females (Field
Mus.), 5 males, 4 females (43925). Fox Bay, Colon: January 3, 1911,

120 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

1 male, 1 young female (43927); January 11, 1911, 5 males, 3 females
(Field Mus.), 3 males, 2 females (1 soft shell) (48924); March 25,
1911, 4 males, 3 females (43931); March 31, 1911, 9 males, 3 females
(Field Mus.), 6 males, 1 female (43928); January 22, 1912, 1 male
(59284); January 27, 1912, 5 males, 2 females, 7 young (Field Mus.);
March 22, 1912, 8 young, some with internal parasites (59286).
Porto Bello: April 24-28, 1911, 3 males (Field Mus.), 2 males (43926) ;
March 19, 1912, 2 males, 5 females (Field Mus.), 2 males, 1 ovig-
erous female (59285).

COLOMBIA.—Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea (east of
Nicaragua); 1884; Albatross; 1 young female (18238). Sabanilla;
March, 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 19 females, 25 young (7559).

VENEZUELA.—Puerto Cabello; 1 ovigerous female (Copen-
hagen Mus.).

TRINIDAD.—1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (7636).

BRAZIL.—State of Parahyba; 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-
Agassiz Expedition: Mamanguape stone reef, 1 young female (Stan-
ford Univ.); Rio Parahyba do Norte, Cabedello, on mangroves,
June 20, 1 male, 1 young female (25746), June 21, 1 young (25747).
State of Pernambuco: Pernambuco, 1867, C. F. Hartt, cotypes in
Peabody Museum, Yale University, and in Museum of Comparative
Zodlogy (1 male, 1 female, Cat. No. 5143). State of Bahia: Bahia,
June, 1896, Bisego collector, 1 male, from H. von Ihering, returned to
sender; Plataforma, Bahia, 1876-77, R. Rathbun, Hartt Explora-
tions, 2 males, 1 ovigerous female (40591); Porto Seguro, specimens
in M.C.Z. State of Espirito Santo: San Matheos, specimens in
M.C.Z. State of Rio de Janeiro: Sao Francisco, Nictheroy, August
25, 1925, W. L. Schmitt, 6 males (1 soft shell), 5 females (2 ovigerous)
(60983), 3 young (60982), taken in 50-meter sardine seine. Paqueta,
W. L. Schmitt, August 19, 1925, 3 males, 2 females (60988), August
29, 1925, 1 young (60984). River on Ilha Governador, Bay of Rio
de Janeiro, August 27, 1925, W. L. Schmitt, 6 males (60987). Rio
de Janeiro: J. D. Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, 1 male (2371)
1 male (4278, M.C.Z.); Thayer Expedition, 1 male, 2 females (19427),
received from Museum of Comparative Zoélogy; 1876-1877, R. Rath-
bun, Hartt Explorations, 1 male (40589). State of Sao Paulo:
1925, W. L. Schmitt: Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiao, in dip net,
September 20, 1 young female (60980); Ilha Sao Sebastiaéo, September,
H. Luederwaldt collector, 2 males, 1 young (60979); Barro, in seine,
September 12, 7 males, 5 ovigerous females (60990); between canals
4 and 5, Estuario, September 13, 3 males, 3 females, 6 young (1 soft
shell) (60981). Santos, 1901, H. von Thering (specimens returned
to sender). Ilha Casquerintia, Santos, September, 1910, C. Maas,
1 female (47863), received from H. von Ihering. Matuba, 1905
E. Garbe, 1 male (47844), received from H. von Ihering. State of

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 1

Parana: Paranagua; October 3, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 2 young (60986).
State of Santa Catharina: Saco Sao Francisco, 1923, Dr. C. Fernetz,
2 males, 1 female, lent by Buenos Aires Museum. 1925, W. L.
Schmitt: Praia Inglese, S40 Francisco, November 1, 1 male (60989);
Florianopolis, Praia de Fora, November 5, 1 male, 1 female, 1 young
(60985).

CALLINECTES ARCUATUS Ordway
Plate 52

Callinectes arcuatus ORpwAy, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p.
578 [13] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type, Cat. No. 61833, U.S.N.M.—
A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 228 (var. of C. diacanthus).—
RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896), p. 362, pl. 20; pl. 23,
fig. 1; pl. 24, fig. 8;,pl..25, fig. 7; pl. 26, fig. .7; pl. 27, fig. 7.

Callinectes pleuriticus Orpway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863,
p. 579 [14] (type-locality, Panama; cotypes, Cat. No. 4701, M.C.Z.).—A.
Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 228 (var. of C. diacanthus).

Callinectes species SmitH, Third Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869 (1871),
p. 91, Gulf of Fonseca.

Callinectes dubia KiNaGsuEy, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p. 156
(type-locality, Gulf of Fonseca, west coast of Nicaragua; type, Cat. No.
5178, M.C.Z.).

Callinectes nitidus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 228 (var. of
C. diacanthus) (type-locality, Tanesco, on the borders of the Estéros,
Guatemala; cotypes in U.S.N.M. (20269) and Paris Mus.).—RatTHBun,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896), p. 366.

Callinectes diacanthus var. C. nitidus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1879, explanation of pl. 41.

Callinectes diacanthus A. MinNr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, pl. 41.

Diagnosis.—Penult segment of male abdomen mostly with parallel
sides; appendages about reaching terminal segment. Frontal teeth
narrow. Antero-lateral teeth chiefly with convex margins, lateral
spine longish.

Description.—Carapace very convex, finely granulate, granules
very numerous in the median region. Length of intramedial area
about one-half its anterior width and much less than its posterior
width; length greater than in (. danae. Front with four stout tri-
angular blunt teeth with concave sides, the middle pair about one-
third the size of the outer pair; subfrontal spine produced well beyond
the lateral frontal teeth. Suborbital tooth rounded. Antero-lateral
margin very arcuate; teeth large, well separated, their posterior
longer than their anterior margins, the first four or five teeth with
more or Jess convex margins and subacute tips, the succeeding ones
becoming regularly sharper and more spiniform. Lateral spine
about two and a half to three times length of adjoining tooth. Costae
of manus coarsely and closely granulate. Spine at extremity of
outer carina of carpus well developed. Penultimate segment of
male abdomen broad at base, but for the greater part of their length
the margins are subparallel. The appendages of the first segment

122 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

reach or nearly reach the last segment and are slightly curved at the
tip in the adult. Abdomen of female with fifth segment much nar-
rower distally than proximally, and shorter than sixth.

Color —Carapace violet blue. Under parts grayish yellow except
abdomen of female which is rose with a broad band of black on each
segment. Chelipeds violet above, inner surface of chelae bluish.
Ambulatory legs tinged with blue, ends of dactyls and fingers red.
Swimming feet mostly yellowish, paddle mostly blue. (After A.
Milne Edwards.) :

Measurements.—Male with short lateral spine (15432), total length
of carapace 59, width of same 119, width at anterior base of lateral
spine 99, fronto-orbital width 45.3, width of front 14.6 mm. Male
with long lateral spine (40442), total length of carapace 52, width of
same 120.5, width at anterior base of lateral spine 90.5, fronto-orbital
width 39, width of front 11.5 mm. <A. Milne Edwards’s Plate 41,18
of this species under the name nitidus, shows a very large specimen,
carapace 71 by 165 mm.

Range.—Southern California to Chile (A. Milne Edwards).

Material eramined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Anaheim Slough; 1928; Lena Higgins; 1 oviger-
ous female (62050).

MEXICO.—Magdalena Island, Lower California; December 5,
1905; Nelson and Goldman, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1 male
(33417). Turtle Bay, L. Cal.; August 1, 1986; A. W. Anthony;
1 small male (19515). Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal.; John Xantus; 1 male,
type (61833), 1 half grown (5174, M. C. Z.). San Jose del Cabo, L.
Cal.; A. W. Anthony, 4 males (20693); March 2, 1911, Albatross, 2
males, 1 female, immature (60004). 1889, Albatross: San Bartolome
Bay, 1 male (15433); Concepcion Bay, mouth of Rio Mulege, March
19, 1 male, 1 female (15432); Algodones Lagoon, March 31, 17 males,
10 females (15431); Horseshoe Bend, Colorado River, 1 male (15434).
Guaymas; H. F. Emeric; 2 specimens (14854). Mazatlan; Nov.,
1920; U.S. Bureau of Fisheries; 1 male, returned to sender. Acapulco;
Hassler Expedition; 2 half grown (M. C. Z.).

GUATEMALA.—Tanesco, on the borders of the Estéros; 1 male
cotype (20269), received from Paris Museum; 1 male, 1 female,
cotypes (Paris Mus.).

SALVADOR.—EI Cutaco; February 14, 1924; Hildebrand and
Foster; 3 males, 2 females, all young (58175). El Triunfo; Feb. 10,
1924; Hildebrand and Foster; 1 young male (58176). Gulf of Fonseca
J. A. MeNiel; 1 male type of C. dubia Kingsley (5178, M. C. Z.).

NICARAGUA.—Realejo; 1 young (Copenhagen Mus.).

18 Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 123

COSTA RICA.—Punta Arenas; Orsted collector; 2 males (Copen-
hagan Mus.). Rio Punta Mala; Mar., 1892; H. Pittier; 1 small male
(Brit. Mus.).

PANAMA.—Cotypes in M. C. Z. C.F. Davis; 3 males (18511),
received from Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy. J. Zetek: June,
1914, 2 males (48778); July 27, 1915, 7 males (48808). Meek and
Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey: Balboa, Canal Zone;
tidewater, May 5, 1911, 1 male (43899), January 31, 1912, 47 males,
6 females, all young (59277), 48 males, 5 females (Field Mus.), tide
pool, February 8, 1912, 1 young male, soft shell (59279); Chame
Point, February 14, 1912, 1 male (47905), 3 males (1 young), 1 young
female (59280); Island at end of breakwater, Panama Bay; February
5, 1912; 1 male, 2 females, 2 young (59278); Taboga Island, May
11-15, 1911, 2 males, 4 females immature, 17 young (43900), 1 male,
3 females, 18 young (Field Mus.). Panama, March 24, 1912, 2 males
(1 soft shell), 1 female (Field Mus.), tide pools, March 21,1912, 1 young
female (Field Mus.). 1888; Albatross: Panama, March 15, 8 males, 1
female, all young (22045); off Taboga Island, March 7, 1 young male
(22046).

ECUADOR .—Salinas; September 17, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 3 males
(60977).

PERU.—Tumbes; R. E. Coker; 2 photographs. Paita; October 8,
1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (61425). Oyster beds of Matapalo,
near Capon; February 3; R. E. Coker; 2 males, 1 female (40442),
received from Peruvian Government. On the beach at Las Vacas,
near Capon; January 23, 1908; R. E. Coker; specimens returned to
Peruvian Government. Pacasmayo; Stolzman; 1 male (Brit. Mus.)

CALLINECTES MARGINATUS (A. Milne Edwards)

Plate 53

Neptunus marginatus A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol 10,
1861, p. 318, pl. 30, fig. 2 (type-locality, Gaboon; types in Paris Mus.).

Callinectes larvatus Orpway, Journ. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 573
[8] (type-localities, Key West, Tortugas, Bahamas, and Hayti; types from
each in M. C. Z.—A.MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 225 (var. of
C. diacanthus).—RatTuBown, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895, p. 358, pl. 18;
pl. 24, fig. 5; pl. 25, fig. 4; pl. 26, fig. 4; pl. 27, fig. 4.

Callinectes africanus A. M1LNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 229 (var. of
C. diacanthus) (type-locality, Cape Verde Islands; types in Paris Mus.).

Callinectes larvatus var. africanus ? BENEDIcT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol 16, 1893,
p. 537.

Callinectus marginatus RatTHBuN, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. 11, 1897,
p. 149; Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, p. 142; Bull. U. 8. Fish
Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 48; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 43,
1921, p. 395, text-fig. 2, pl. 19, fig. 1; pl. 20, fig. 1—Dr Man, Mém. Soc.
Zool. France, 1900, p. 41, pl. 1, figs. 5, 5a (female not male).— Bovvitr,
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1901, p. 16.

Callinectes marginatus var. larvatus VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and
Sci., vol. 13. 1908, p. 368, text-fig. 22b, pl. 18, fig. 1.

124 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis. —Appendages of first segment of male abdomen very
short, reaching about to penult segment. Lateral spine short, not
more than 2.5 times length of preceding tooth. Carapace coarsely
eranulate, lateral teeth long.

Deschisien —Regions well marked; surface speckled with coarse
granules rough to the touch; length of intramedial area a little less
than half its anterior width. Front four-toothed; median teeth small,
thick, more prominent than in C. ornatus; outer teeth oblong-tri-
angular, extremities broader and more arcuate, tip curved upward.
Antero-lateral margin little arched; sinuses deep and rounded; teeth
long (from base to tip), trending forward, anterior margins concave,
the second to fifth, inclusive, having convex posterior margins; first
three or four teeth obtuse, the remainder sharp. Lateral spine
between 2 and 2.5 times the length of the preceding tooth. Costae of
manus prominent, with medium granules. Terminal portion of
abdomen of male unusually slender; penultimate segment wider at
proximal than at distal end, margins slightly concave; appendages
very short, overreaching the third (or coalesced) segment but little
or not at all. Abdomen of female much narrower than in any other
species; terminal segment much longer than wide.

Color.—Dull brown, with areas of bluish black; claw brown above,
blackish blue and on inner side; last segments of swimming feet a
brighter brown.

Measurements—Male (42863), total length of carapace 48.7,
width of same 107, width at anterior base of lateral spine 87.4, fronto-
orbital width 39, wid of front 12.6 mm.

Range—Bahamas and Florida Keys to State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Bermudas. West Coast of Africa, from Cape Verde Islands to Lobito,
Angola.

Material examined.— ;

BAHAMAS.—Mangrove Key, Andros Island; May 11, 1912;
Paul Bartsch; 1 male (45546). New Providence Island; 1886;
Albatross; 1 male (17948). Clarence Harbor, Long Island; July 14,
1903; B. A. Bean; 3 males, 1 female, 3 young (31091), from Geographic
Society of Baltimore. Bahamas; Dr. H. Bryant; 3 males, cotypes of
(. larvatus (5152, M. C. Z.).

FLORIDA.—Ocean front, Broad Creek; December 17, 1906;
Pine and Bean; 2 young (33131). Caesars Creek; 1901; J. E.
Benedict, 1 male (25657). Near Indian Key; H. Hemphill; 3 males
(14032). Lower Metacumbe Key; December 4, 1906; B. A. Bean;
1 young female, soft shell (33153). Conch Keys; January 28, 1903;
Fish Hawk; 3 males (33456). Knights Key; December 16, 1908;
Bean, Pine and Vandergrift, Yacht Orian; 3 young (39191). Sum-
merland Keys; December 6, 1906; B. A. Bean; 1 young female
(33129). Key West: J. E. Mills; 3 male and female cotypes of

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 125

C. larvatus (5151, M.C.Z.); H. Hemphill, 7 males, 1 female (10052).
Tortugas: J. E. Mills; 1 male, cotypes of C. larvatus (M.C.Z.);
C. F. Holder, 2 males, 1 female (2142). Tortugas; W. L. Schmitt;
gift of Carnegie Institution: June 13, 1925, Dexter collector, 4 males
(61052); Long Key, July 30, 1924, 10 males, 10 females (60992);
beach off Fort Jefferson, Garden Key (notin moat, outside, dock side),
June 3, 1925, W. R. Taylor, collector, 1 male (61051); off west side
Fort Jefferson, between beach to south and moat entrance, August 19,
1924, 1 male, soft shell (60994); Bird Key reef, July 28, 1924, Bender
collector, 1 young female (60993).

LOUISIANA.—Cameron; L. R. Cary; 1 young (33108).

CUBA.—On reef flat between Cayo Hutia and little Cayo NE. of
Light; May, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedi-
tion; 1 male, 1 female (48384). Bahia Honda; 1877-78; U.S.C.S.
Str. Blake; 1 male (M.C.Z.). La Esperanza, Pinar del Rio; 1924;
Mario Sanchez Roig; 1 male (returned to sender), 1 young female
(58665). Mariel; from branches hanging in river mouth; May 10,
1900; Palmer and Riley; 1 male, 1 female (23833). Cienfuegos;
J. Aviles; 1 female (M.C.Z.). Baracoa; W. O. Crosby; 1 female
(56780), received from Boston Society of Natural History.

JAMAICA .—1884; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female (18240). Febru-
ary 4, 1928; C. R. Orcutt; 2 young females (61364). Montego Bay;
November 12, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 male (42863). Umbrella
Point, near Montego Bay; July 14, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 3 males
(42864). Kingston Harbor; J. E. Duerden; specimens returned to
sender. Port Royal; P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to sender.

HAITI.— Jeremie, Haiti; Dr. D. F. Weinland; 2 males, cotypes of
C. larvatus (5155, M.C.Z.). Dominican Republic; 1878; W. M.
Gabb; 3 males (4172).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: San Antonio Bridge, San
Juan; January 12; 12 males, 4 females (24443). Mayaguez; Janu-
ary 19; 1 male (24444), 8 males, 2 females (24445). Puerto Real,
January 26; 3 young (24446). Reefs at Ponce; January 30; 3 males,
3 females (24447). Playa de Ponce; January 31; 1 male (24448).
Playa de Ponce reef; February 1; 1 male (24449). Hucares; Febru-
ary 13 and 14; 3 males, 7 females (24451). Fajardo; February 17;
7 males, 9 females, 3 young (24454). Ensenada Honda, Culebra
Island; February 9; 1 male, 2 females (24450).

ST. THOMAS.—A. H. Riise; 1 male (2446). January, 1884;
Albatross; 1 female (7648). Shore near town; July 10, 1915; C. R.
Shoemaker; 3 young (53762), gift of Carnegie Institution.

ST. CROIX.—K. Levinsen; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

GUADELOUPE.—Specimens in Paris Museum.

DOMINICA.—Roseau; 10 fathoms; A. Hyatt Verrill; 1 female
(32514).

126 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

MEXICO.—Vera Cruz; 1926; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (60079).
Cozumel Island, Yucatan; shore, in net; 1885; Albatross; 1 female
(14893).

NICARAGUA.—Old Providence Island, Colombia [E. of Nicara-
gua]; 1884; Albatross; 5 males, 1 female (18241).

PANAMA.—Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Sur-
vey: Toro Point, Canal Zone: May 19 and 20, 1 male, 4 females
(43908), 1 female with Rhizocephalid parasite (43905), 5 females
(Field Mus.); January 25, 1912, 1 female with Rhizocephalid (62684).
Fox Bay, Colon: January 3, 1911, 1 male, 2 females (43907), 1 male,
2 females (Field Mus.); January 11, 1911, 1 male, 1 female (43903),
L male (Field Mus.); March 31, 1911, 1 female with Rhizocephalid
parasite (43904); January 20, 1912, 1 male (59287), 2 females with
Rhizocephalid parasite (62685), 2 males, 3 females (Field Mus.);
January 27, 1912, 1 male, 1 female (Field Mus.); March 22, 1912,
3 females (59288). Porto Bello: April 24-28, 1911, 1 young male,
1 female with Rhizocephalid (43906), 2 females (1 with Rhizocephalid)
(Field Mus.); March 19, 1912, 1 female, soft shell, 1 young female
(59289), 5 females with Rhizocephalids (U.S.N.M.), 3 females (Field
Mus.).

Margarita Island; low tide, coral rocks; June, 1924; E. Deichmann;
2 females, with Rhizocephalids (61427).

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; 1884; Albatross; 1 male (9915), 4 young
females (17947).

VENEZUELA, islands off.—Aruba, playa, July 2, 1905, J. Boeke, 1
young male (returned to sender). Curacao: February 1884, Albatross,
6 males, 1 female (7582); Rifwater, shallow water, muddy bottom,
September 4, 1905, J. Boeke, 1 ovigerous female (returned to sender);
Spanish Water, April 3, 1920, C. J. van der Horst, 1 immature female
(56782); Spanish Port, C. J. van der Horst, April 10, 1920, 1 male,
May 20, 1920, 1 young female, both returned to sender.

BRAZIL.—State of Rio Grande do Norte, specimens in M.C.Z.
1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition: State of Para-
hyba: Mamanguape stone reef, June 20 and 23, 4 young (25748);
Rio Parahyba do Norte, on mangroves, June 21, 2 young (25749).
State of Pernambuco: Rio Goyanna stone reef, 1 male (Stanford
Univ.); Pernambuco stone reef, 1 male (Stanford Univ.). State of
Alagoas: Maceio coral reef, July 25, 4 males, 1 young female (25750).

State of Bahia: Porto Seguro, Thayer Expedition, 2 males (M.C.Z.);
Rio Vermelho, 1876-77, R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations, carapace of
a young one (19969).

State of Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro; specimens in Copenhagen
Mus.

State of Sao Paulo: Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiaéo; September 23,
1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young (60995).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 127

BERMUDAS.—Hungry Bay; F. G. Gosling; 1 male (25444).

AFRICA.—Cape Verde Islands: 2 large males (Paris Mus.),
types of C. africanus A. Milne Edwards. Porto Grande, St. Vincent;
November 11, 1889; W. H. Brown, U.S. Eclipse Expedition to Africa;
1 young (14880). La Praya, Santiago; end of July, 1883; Talisman;
1 male (22950), received from Paris Museum.

Liberia; 1 immature female (Berlin Mus.).

Ashanti: Baya River, Elmina; November 27, 1889; W. H. Brown,
U.S. Eclipse Expedition to Africa; 1 male (14878). ;

French Congo (Gabon); 3 immature females, types of Neptunus
marginatus (Paris Mus.).

Belgian Congo; Herbert Lang, American Museum of Natural
History: Moanda, July, 1915, 2 immature males (Amer. Mus.).
Banana, July, 1915, 1 female (54255), 7 males, 6 females, 1 young
(Amer. Mus.); August, 1915, 5 males, 4 females (54256), 5 males,
5 females (Amer. Muss).

Portuguese West Africa: St. Paul de Loanda: December 11, 1889,
W. H. Brown, U. S. Eclipse Expedition to Africa, 2 males (14877);
September 23, 1915, Herbert Lang, American Museum of Natural
History, 1 young female (Amer. Mus.).

CALLINECTES TOXOTES Crdway
Plate 54

Callinectes toxotes Ornpway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 576
[11] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes, Cat. No. 2413, U.S.N:M.,
Cat. No. 5182 and 5183, M.C.Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1879, p. 227 (var. of C. diacanthus).—RatusBwn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 18, 1896, p. 363, pl. 21; pl. 24, fig. 9; pl. 25, fig. 9; pl. 26, fig. 9; pl. 27,
fig. 8; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 536, pl. 55.

Callinectes robustus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 227 (var. of
C. diacanthus) (type-locality, Colombia; type in Paris Mus.).

Diagnosis.—Intramedial area longer than posterior width. Lateral
spine between two and three times as long as preceding tooth. Male
abdominal appendages reaching nearly to end of abdomen. Frontal
teeth large, typically blunt and rounded.

Description —Carapace very convex and uneven, coarsely granulate;
cervical groove deep except at outer end; branchial lobes very high;
two sharply marked lobules at inner angle of branchial region.

Cardiac region distinctly divided into two lobes by a median furrow.

Intramedial area narrow, its length greater than its posterior width

and also exceeding half its anterior width. Front sightly upturned,

having four broad rounded lobes, the inner pair the smaller and
slightly less advanced or in the young equally advanced with the
outer pair. Submedian tooth small, not overreaching front. Inner
suborbital tooth obtuse, very prominent. Antero-lateral margin

128 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM |

little arched, teeth triangular, margins denticulate, the second to
seventh inclusive with anterior margins partly concave, or in the case
of the first few, sometimes straight; posterior margins a little wider
than anterior, tips acute; eighth tooth narrow, spiniform; in general
the teeth, after the fourth, are progressively longer and sharper.
Lateral spine from 2} to 3 times as long as preceding tooth. Costae
of manus coarsely and rather sparingly granulate. Sternum flat.
Penultimate segment of male abdomen constricted in its proximal
half, appendages reaching almost to end of abdomen.

Measurements.—Male (43916), largest male known, total length of
carapace 91.3, width of same 196, width at anterior base of lateral
spine 157.2, fronto-orbital width 63.2, width of front 21.5 mm. This
old male has sharper marginal teeth than the typical form, with the
exception of the outer right frontal tooth which is broad and bifid at
tip.

Range.—From Cape San Lucas, Mexico, to Juan Fernandez Islands,
Chile.

Material examined.—

MEXICO.—Cape San Lucas, Lower California; John Xantus; 1
male cotype (2413), 2 males, 5182, and 1 male, 5183, cotypes (M. C.
Z.). Acapulco; Hassler Expedition; 2 males, 1 female (18507),
received from Museum of Comparative Zodlogy.

COSTA RICA.—Boca Jestis Maria; J. Fid. Tristan; specimen re-
turned to sender. Santo Domingo, Gulf of Dolce; April, 1896; H.
Pittier; 1 young male, 1 young female (19438).

PANAMA.—Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey :
Chame Point; February 14, 1912; 1 male, soft shell (59291). Rio
Chorrera, Chorrera; April 3, 1911; 1 male (43916). Corozal, Canal
Zone; April 20 and 21, 1911; 1 male (43917), 2 males (Field Mus.).

ECUADOR.—W. L. Schmitt: Salada, Guayaquil; September 30;
1 male (61429). Purchased inmarket, ‘‘ Mercado del Sur,” Guayaquil;
September 21 and 22; 3 males, 8 females (61006). Guayaquil; Prof.
James Orton; 1 male (P.M. Y. U.). Punta Salinas; 3 males, 1 female
(61008).

PERU.—Mouth of River Tumbes; January 15, 1908; R. E. Coker;
1 male (40443), gift of Peruvian Government.

CHILE.—Juan Fernandez Islands; 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 8
females (61007).

CALLINECTES BOCOURTI A. Milne Edwards
Plate 55

Callinectes bocourtt A. M1uNr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 226 (var. of
C. diacanthus) (type-locality, Mullins River, 20 miles 8. of Belize, British
Honduras; 2 male cotypes in Paris Mus.).—Ratupun, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896), p. 360, pl. 19; pl. 24, fig. 7; pl. 25, fig. 6; pl. 26, fig.
6; pl. 27, fig. 6; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 151 (part; not
African specimens); Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 49; not
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 290 (C. latimanus).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 129

Callinectes cayennensis A. M1tNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 226 (var.
of C. diacanthus) (type-locality, Guiana; 2 male cotypes in Paris Mus.).

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral region smooth, non-granulate. Lateral
spine less than twice as long as preceding tooth. Male abdominal
appendages as long as abdomen. Six prominent bosses at middle of
carapace. Frontal teeth typically broadly rounded.

Description—Carapace very convex; deeply furrowed about the
middle; two prominent bosses at inner angle of each branchial region;
a deep median cardiac groove; surface coarsely granulate, except along
the lateral margin and on the hepatic region, where the carapace is
smooth. Intramedial region very long, length about equal to posterior
width and barely half of anterior width. Front with four large,
bluntly rounded teeth, the median pair the smaller and a little less
advanced than or quite as advanced as, the lateral pair. Suborbital
tooth short, triangular, narrow, obtuse. Antero-lateral teeth broad,
triangular, their posterior margins a little longer than the anterior,
tips acute, the last two or three teeth spiniform. Lateral spine short,
usually less than twice the length of the preceding tooth. Costae of
chelipeds rough with depressed granules, often appearing almost
smooth to the naked eye.’ Outer distal spine of merus and carpus
usually normal, though sometimes in old specimens reduced to blunt
projections. A short stout tooth or spine on anterior margin of
carpus just below inner angle. Penultimate segment of male abdo-
men constricted in its proximal portion, widening at both extremities;
terminal segment long; appendages reaching to end of abdomen, and
doubly curved, tips crossing. The sternum has a deep longitudinal
groove in front of abdomen. Abdomen of female very long, especially
the penult segment; terminal segment longer than wide.

Color—The carapace may be variegated with green, yellow, red,
brown, and blue, spotted with yellow or red; chelipeds purplish brown.

Measurements —Male (18234), total length of carapace 74, width of
same 140, width at anterior base of lateral spine 121.8, fronto-orbital
width 59.8, width of front 21 mm.

Variety.— Occasional specimens (42852 and 43913) present a strik-
ing variation from type in the form of the marginal teeth of the
carapace. Those of the front are triangular, and pointed instead of
rounded at tip, approaching exasperatus; those of the sides are much
shallower than in true bocourti and have rapidly convergent margins
and narrow spiniform tips, resembling sapidus; in other respects the
specimens are typical.

Range.—West Indies to State of Santa Catharina, Brazil.

Material examined.—

JAMAICA.—1928, C. R. Orcutt; 1 female (61340). Montego Bay;
caught in seine near shore; June 24, 1910; C. B. Wilson, 1 male,
variety (42852).

79856—30——10

130 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: Cataiio, San Juan Harbor;
January 4, 1 male (24455); January 13, 5 females (24456). Rio
Bayamon, above Palo Seco; January 16; 1 female (24457). Aguadilla;
January 18; 3 males (24458). Mayaguez; on coral reef; January 20;
1 female (24459). Hucares; February 13 and 14; 1 female, 2 young
(24460).

BRITISH HONDURAS.—Near Belize; W. A. Stanton; 1 male, 1
female (21377). Mullins River, 20 miles 8. of Belize; 2 males, cotypes
(Paris Mus.).

NICARAGUA.—1892; C. W. Richmond: Bluefields; April 29; 1
young (17949). Greytown; March 27; 1 male (18234).

PANAMA.—Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Sur-
vey: Toro Point, Canal Zone, January 24, 1912, 1 immature female
(Field Mus.). Creek at Mindi, Canal Zone, January 14, 1911, 1
young male (43910). Mindi Cut, Mindi, January 28, 1911, 7 males,
5 females (43912); 6 males, 6 females (Field Mus.); February 3, 1911,
1 male (43914). French Diversion, New Gatun, Canal Zone, January
19, 1 male, variety (43913). Colon, in ditch at slaughterhouse,
March 19, 1912, 1 male, 2 females (Field Mus.), 1 female shedding
(59282). Fox Bay, Colon, January 11, 1911, 1 male (43911); March
25, 1911, 1 young female (43909); January 20, 1912, 1 male (Field
Mus.); January 27, 1912, 2 females (59281), 1 ovigerous, 1 abnormal,
having the median sinus of the front unusually wide, the submedian
teeth correspondingly nearer to the lateral teeth.

COLOMBIA.—Turbo (specimen in M.C.Z.). Cartagena; 1857;
Dr. A. Schott, Atrato Expedition; 1 male (2460). Sabanilla; 1884;
Albatross; 1 male, 3 females (18235).

GUIANA.—British Guiana; 2 males (Brit. Mus.). Cayenne,
French Guiana; 2 males (Paris Mus.), cotypes of C. cayennensis.

BRAZIL.—Para; specimens in M.C.Z. Maranhao; Lieut. F. E.
Sawyer, U.S. Navy; 5 males (18233). Pernambuco; Thayer Expedi-
tion; 1 male (M.C.Z.). Cannavierias; specimens in M.C.Z. Caruca,
Rio Maria; Thayer Expedition; 7 males, 2 females (M.C.Z.).
Itabapuana; specimens in M.C.Z. Rio de Janeiro; specimens in
Copenhagen Museum. Praia Inglese, Sao Francisco, State of Santa
Catharina; November 1, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 ovigerous female
(60978).

CALLINECTES EXASPERATUS (Gerstaecker)
Plate 56

? Lupa trispinosa Lracu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, 1815, p. 319 (type-
locality not given; type said to be in Mus. Brit., but can not now, 1928, be
positively determined).

? Amphitrite trispinosa WurtE, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 27; Jamaica.

Lupea exasperata GeRSTAECKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 129
(type-locality, Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; type in Berlin Mus.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 13k

Callinectes tumidus Onpway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1863, p. 574
[9] (type-localities, Key West and Hayti; types from both localities in
M.C.Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 226 (var. of C.
diacanthus).—Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1895 (1896), p.
359, pl. 18; pl. 24, fig. 6; pl. 25, fig. 5; pl. 26, fig. 5; pl. 27, fig. 5.

Callinectes exasperatus Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897,
p. 150; Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 49.

Diagnosis.—Lateral spine of carapace less than twice as long as pre-
ceding tooth. Male abdominal appendages reaching to middle of
penultimate segment. Frontal teeth triangular.

Description. —Carapace very convex; depressions in center of
carapace deep; length of intramedial area no more than half its
anterior width. Frontal teeth four, triangular, tips rounded, the two
median larger and more prominent than in ornatus or marginatus but
not so far advanced as the lateral pair. Median epistemial tooth
short, exceeding the front but little if at all. Suborbital lobe broadly
rounded. Antero-lateral margin very arcuate; teeth broad, the first
six with very convex posterior margins and obtuse or subacute tips,
the fifth tooth the largest; next two teeth acute or acuminate. Lateral
spine less than twice the length of preceding tooth. Spine at outer
distal end of arm and outer spine of wrist almost obsolete, being
replaced by blunt prominences. <A blunt tooth or lobe on distal mar-
gin of the carpus just below the inner angle. Costae of manus
coarsely and sparingly tuberculate. Penultimate segment of male
abdomen similar in shape to that of C. ornatus, but much shorter;
appendages reaching to about middle of penultimate segment, tips
incurved. In the female abdomen the sixth segment is shorter than
the fifth and its margins are very arcuate.

Measurements.—Males attain a width of 4% inches. Male (61426),
total length of carapace 62.7, width of same 117.5, width at anterior
base of lateral spine 113.2, fronto-orbital width 52.2, width of front
17 mm.

Range.—F rom Florida Keys to State of Parana, Brazil. Bermudas.

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.—Long Key; along shore; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 1
female (14087). Key West; J. E. Mills; 2 males, cotypes of @.
tumidus (5159, M.C.Z.). Tortugas; C. F. Holder; 1 male (2148).

CUBA.—Meariel; from branches hanging in river mouth; May 10,
1900; Palmer and Riley; 1 female (23832).

JAM AICA.—1884; Albatross; 1 male (18236). Montego Bay;
July 10, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 male (42853), with spine on right side
bifid.

HAITI.—Gonaives; 1860; A. Hilchenbach; 1 female, cotype of C.
tumidus (5162, M.C.Z.).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: San Antonio Bridge, San Juan;
January 12; 1 male (24462). Catafio, San Juan Harbor, January 4,

132 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

2 males (24461); January 13, 1 male, 10 females (24463). Rio
Bayamon, above Palo Seco; January 16; 8 females (24464). Maya-
guez, in seine, January 19, 3 females (24465); January 20, 1 male
(24466). Porto Real; January 27; 1 male, 1 female (24467). Hu-
cares; February 13 and 14; 1 male, 1 female (24468).

ST. MARTIN.—Simsons Bay lagoon; shallow water; coral rocks;
September 7, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 ovigerous female (returned to sender).

MEXICO.—Mexican Commission, World’s Columbian Exposition ;
1 young male, 2 young females (18631).

BRITISH HONDURAS.—Near Belize; W. A. Stanton, S. J.; 1
male (21378).

OLD PROVIDENCE ISLAND.—(E. of Nicaragua); April 4-9,
1884; Albatross; 2 males (7541).

PANAMA.—Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey:
Toro Point, Canal Zone; April 12, 1911; 1 ovigerous female (43901).
Fox Bay, Colon; March 31, 1911; 1 male (43902), 1 female (Field
Mus.).

VENEZUELA.—Puerto Cabello; Schibbye collector; specimens in
Copenhagen Museum.

BRAZIL.—State of Rio Grande do Norte; specimens in M.C.Z.
State of Bahia: Cannavieiras, specimens in M.C.Z.; Porto Seguro,
Thayer Expedition, 3 females (M.C.Z.). State of Espirito Santo:
San Matheos, specimens in M.C.Z.; Victoria, Hartt and Copeland,
Thayer Expedition, 1 large male (19428), from M.C.Z. State of Rio
de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 1 male (18736), from Paris Museum;
River on Ilha Governador, Bay of Rio de Janeiro, August 27, 1925,
W. L. Schmitt, 1 male (61426), with encrusting barnacles. State of
Sado Paulo: Santos; Thayer Expedition; 1 female (M.C.Z.). State of
Parana: Paranagua; October 3, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (60991).

BERMUDAS.—Bickmore collector; 1 female (M.C.Z.).

Genus LUPELLA Rathbun

Lupa pr Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, p. 11. Not Lupa Leach, 1814, which
is a synonym of Portunus.

Lupella Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 155; type, L.
forceps (Fabricius); Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2 (1901),
p. 49.

Closely allied to Portunus. Inner suborbital angle remarkably
prominent and firmly united with a prolongation from the basal
article of the antenna. The outer maxillipeds extend far beyond the
front; merus rounded anteriorly, its outer angle obtuse and strongly
produced; last two segments of palpus flattened and laminate. Abdo-
men of male narrow, third segment narrowing rapidly toward distal
end. Transverse sutures of posterior half of sternum interrupted
either side of the abdomen, under which they do not pass. The
median suture of the sternum crosses the four posterior segments.

Contains but one species.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 133
LUPELLA FORCEPS (Fabricius)
Plate 57

Cancer 4 (larger long-shanked crab) Browne, Hist. Jamaica, 1756, p. 421, pl.
41, fig. 2

Cancer sl Girola LinnaEvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 626 (part).

Xaiva de horquilla Parra, Desc. difer. piezas hist. nat., Havana, 1787, p. 138,
pl. 51, fig. 3.

Cancer forceps Fasricius, Entom. Syst. emend. et auct., vol. 2, 1793, p. 449
(type-locality, ‘‘7n Oceano’’; a specimen in the Copenhagen Mus. may be the
type).

inate Leacu, Zool. Misc., vol. 1, 1814, p. 123, pl. 54.—A. Miitnr Epwarps,
Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10, 1861, p. 352, pl. 28, figs. 1-lg—Von
Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 38, 1872, p. 95 (not L. anceps Saussure).

Lupella forceps Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 155;
Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm, for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 50.

Diagnosis.—Chelipeds and legs long and narrow; fingers of male
filiform, much longer than palm. Lateral spine of carapace several
times as long as adjacent tooth.

Descrvption.—Carapace rather flat, hexagonal, granulate. Epigas-
tric and epibranchial lines rather well marked. Posterior margin very
wide, arcuate, meeting the postero-lateral margin at an obtuse angle.
Antero-lateral margin armed with eight very small, sharp teeth,
separated by wide sinuses; lateral spine long, slender, and extending
directly outward. The front (between antennae) is four-toothed,
teeth triangular, middle pair small and subacute, outer pair longer and
blunt. Inner orbital teeth broad, subtruncate; epistomal tooth
slender. Chelipeds smooth and remarkably long and _ slender.
Anterior border of arm with four to six slender spines; posterior border
with a spine at extremity. Wrist with a spine at inner angle, another
on outer surface. Hand prismatic, widening distally, with a spine
above articulation with carpus and another subdistal. Fingers very
slender, filiform in male, with numerous small teeth on their occludent
edges, tips acuminate. Ambulatory legs very compressed; merus of
swimming pair short, almost orbicular, armed above and below with a
terminal spine; propodus elongate; dactylus oval. Chelipeds of
females shorter and wider than those of males. In young males the
fingers are shorter than in adult males, and in females still shorter.

Measurements —Male (19360) length of carapace to median sinus
of front 24, extreme width 59.7, width at sinus between lateral spine
and next tooth 42, length of propodus of cheliped 66.8, length of dac-
tylus of same 45.2mm. Female (18290), length of carapace to median
sinus of front 33, extreme width 76.6, width at sinus between lateral
spine and next tooth 57.6, length of propodus of cheliped 56.6, length
of dactylus of same 30.6 mm.

Range.—West Indies.

134 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Material eramined.—

CUBA.—1914; Henderson and Beet Tomas Barrera Exped.:
Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; station 11, May 22-23;
1 young (49169). Dimas Bay; station 5; bottom, mud and plants;
May 17; 1 male (49170).

JAMAICA .—1884; Albatross; 1 female (18290). T. H. Morgan; 1
male (17217). Montego Bay; caught in fish-pot; C. B. Wilson; 1
male (42872). Kingston: Surface, by electric light, 1884, W. Nye,
jr., Albatross, 7 males, 2 females, (7838); April 7, 1928, C. R. Orcutt,
6 males, 5 females (62474). Kingston Harbor; P. W. Jarvis; 1 male,
1 female (19360).

HAITI.—Specimens in Paris Museum.

PORTO RICO.— 1899; Fish Hawk: San Juan Harbor between Palo
Seco and Catafio; January 13; 1 arm (24506). Mayaguez; in seine;
January 19; 1 female (24507). Mayaguez Harbor; 7 fathoms; sta-
tion 6059; 7 males (24509). Mayaguez Harbor; 7% fathoms; sta-
tion 6058; 4 males (24508). Off Puerto Real; 8% fathoms; sta-
tion 6074; 1 male (24510).

ST. THOMAS.—Dredged; January 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 1 male,
2 females (18547).

MARTINIQUE.—Specimens in Paris Museum.

Genus ARENAEUS Dana
Arenaeus Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 130; type, A. cribrarius

(Lamarck).
Euctenota GERSTAECKER, Arch. f. Naturg., ¥ol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 1381; type, E.
mexicana Gerstaecker. *

Allied to Portunus. Differs in having the palate smooth or without a
longitudinal ridge; the two superior fissures of the orbit open through-
out their length, V-shaped; male abdomen narrower but not L-
shaped as in Callinectes.

Contains only two species.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS ARENAEUS

A!. Four frontal teeth. One spine at distal end of manus__-____ cribrarius, p. 134.
A?. Two frontal teeth. Two spines at distal end of manus____mexicanus, p. 137.

ARENAEUS CRIBRARIUS (Lamarck)
SPECKLED CRAB; SIRI DA AREA (Brazil)

Plate 58, Figures 2 and 3; Plates 59 and 60

? Cirt Obi MarcGRAVe, in Piso and Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Brazil., 1648, p. 184.

Portunus cribrarius LAMARcK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 259
(type-locality, Brazil; type in Paris Mus.).

Lupa maculata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 445 (type-
localities, Georgia and Florida; types not extant).

Lupea cribraria Miunp Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 452.—Ders-
BONNE and ScuramM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 38.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 135

Lupa cribraria MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., explanation of plates, p. 15,
pl. 17, figs. 1-4.

Arenaeus cribrarius Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 290;
atlas, 1855, pl. 18, figs. 2a, 2—Ratusun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900,
vol. 2, 1901, p. 50.— Sumner, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, pt. 2, 1911, p.
672.—Hay and SHorgs, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 434,
pl. 34, fig. 3. °

Neptunus cribrarius A. M1nNE Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 10,
1861, p. 324; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 211.

Diagnosis.—Four frontal teeth. One spine at distal end of manus.
Outer and inner spines of wrist subequal.

Description.—Carapace more than twice as wide as long, almost
smooth to the naked eye, but through the lens closely covered with
fine granulation. Front narrow, much less advanced than the outer
orbital angles and armed with four small teeth (between the orbital
-teeth) the two median more prominent and more widely separated
from each other than from the outer ones, with which they are partly
coalesced; median sinus U-shaped, outer sinuses nearly rectangular.
Inner tooth of orbit bluntly triangular; superior border divided by
two wide incisions, the inner deeper than the outer, intermediate lobe
narrow, subtruncate; inferior border forming a broad sinus between
outer and inner tooth. Antero-lateral teeth wide, covered below
with a fringe of hair which screens the interspaces; teeth very
unequal, the first five narrower than the next three, the seventh
widest. Lateral horn strong, as long as the space occupied by the
last two teeth. Pterygostomian and antennal regions and epistome
covered with hair.

Chelipeds short and stout. Three or four spines on anterior border
of merus; a short spine or tubercle, sometimes obsolete, on the pos-
terior border at the sinus and another at distal end a little above or in
front of the posterior border. Wrist with two short spines, one inside,
the other outside; two denticles on the outer distal margin; and one
or two on the dorsal surface terminating longitudinal carinae. Five
tuberculate longitudinal carinae on the manus, the upper-inner‘ one
terminating in a spine. Ambulatory legs wide. Swimming legs also
very wide, the merus arcuate and unarmed below. Sixth segment of
abdomen of male narrow; margins of last segment sinuous, extremity
very narrow.

Color—Grayish formed by a multitude of small white or light
yellow spots on a background of fawn or light brown. (Desbonne.)
Light vinaceous brown or olive brown thickly covered over the dorsal
surface with small, rounded, white spots; tips of walking legs yellow.
(Hay and Shore.) The spots on the dorsal surface of the chelipeds
are larger than those of the carapace. The color pattern persists in
alcohol.

136 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Measurements.—M ale (32710), total length of carapace 55, width of
same 121, width at anterior base of lateral spine 91.3, fronto-orbital
width 36, width of front (4 teeth) 6.7 mm.

Habitat.—Lives in rather shallow water close to the shore but is
sufficiently adroit as a swimmer to escape the dangers of the tumbling
surf. (Hay and Shore.)

Range.—From Vineyard Sound, Mass., to State of Santa Catharina,
Brazil.

Material examined.—

MASSACHUSETTS.—Vineyard Sound; in gulf-weed; October 10,
1905; Bureau of Fisheries; 10 young (33125).

NEW JERSEY.—South Cape May; October 20, 1928; H. G.
Richards; 1 male (61997) from Univ. Penna.

VIRGINIA.—Smith’s Island; October 1, 1897; Charles W. Rich-
mond and William Palmer; 5 specimens (20588); common oft
shore; the red drum comes in to feed on them. Cape Charles;
sandy beach; August 20-21, 1921; W. C. Schroeder, Bureau of
Fisheries; 2 males, 2 females, all immature (57151).

NORTH CAROLINA.—Off Cape Hatteras; surface; June 5, 1885;
Albatross; 1 young (15029). Shackleford Banks (inside), Beaufort;
September 12, 1928; Schmitt and Shoemaker; 2 specimens (62453).

FLORIDA.—4 specimens (2029). Indian River; 3 male and
female (2079). Norris Cut, Miami; April, 1901; J. E. Benedict;
4 males (25560). Lignum Vitae Lake, 1% miles ESE. of Eagle
Nest Key; from Sargassum; February 4, 1903, station 7456, Fish Hawk
1 young (61049). Sarasota Bay, in Longboat Pass, S. end of Anna
Maria Key; close to shore; July 7, 1929; Wm. W. Wallis; 1 female
(62736). Tortugas; from floating gulf weed; July 31, 1926; C. R.
Shoemaker; 1 young (62454). Pensacola; from fish stomach; 1882;
Silas Stearns; 1 male, 2 females (4508). Off Pensacola, near the
Life Saving Station; Benjamin Harrison; 1 female (17994).

TEXAS.—Galveston; M. A. Davey; 1 specimen (18905). San
Bernardo River; New York Aquarium; 1 male (returned to sender).
Corpus Christi Bay; November 27-30, 1891; B. W. Evermann;
5 males, 1 female (17110).

JAMAICA.—Montego Bay; caught in seine near shore; June 24,
1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 male (42851). Kingston Harbor; 1893;
R. P. Bigelow; 1 male (17978).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: Palo Seco, San Juan Harbor;
January 13; 3 young males, 1 young female (24471). Between Palo
Seco and Catafio, San Juan Harbor; January 13; 2 young males, 3
young females (24472). Mayaguez; in seine; January 19; 4 males, 2
females, 1 young (24473). Mayaguez; on coral reef; January 20;
4 males, 7 females (24474). Boqueron Bay; January 27; 1 young
male, 1 young female (24475). Playa de Ponce; January 31; 1

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 137

male (24476). Arroyo; February 4; 1 young (24477). Vieques
Island; February 8; Fish Hawk; 2 young females (24478).

DOMINICA.—A. Hyatt Verrill; 1 male (32710).

ST. LUCIA.—Port Castries; December 2, 1887; Albatross; 1 male
(22042).

MEXICO.—Vera Cruz; 1926; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (60078).

BRITISH HONDURAS.—Stann Creek; shallow water; Rev. W.
A. Stanton; 1 male (22595); common.

NICARAGUA.—Gorda Point; beach 1 mile N. of Point; March 7,
1915; Charles G. Holland, U. S. S. Leonidas; 1 male (61380).
Greytown; Charles W. Richmond; 1 female (17909).

PANAMA.—Fox Bay, Colon; March 31, 1911; Meek and Hilde-
brand; 2 young (Field Mus.), 3 young (44202); received from Smith-
sonian Biological Survey.

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; 1884; Albatross; 3 young (17946).

CURACAO.— Bay of Wacao; shallow water; stony bottom; Octo-
ber 6, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 large male (returned to sender).

BERMUDAS.—Hungry Bay; July-September; F. S. Gosling; 1
male (25446). .

BRAZIL.—1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; 1 young
(40586). Mamanguape stone reef, State of Parahyba; June 23,
1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 male, 1 female
(25751). Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro; out of sand with forked
stick; week of September 1, 1925; Carlos Moreira; 2 females (1
ovigerous) (60974); received through W. L. Schmitt. Conceicgéo de
Ytanham, near Santos, State of Sdo Paulo; June, 1914; H. Lueder-
waldt; 1 male (48303); received from H. von Ihering. Iguape,
State of Sdo Paulo; R. Krone; 1 male (47839); received from H. von
Ihering. Saco, Sao Francisco, State of Santa Catharina; 1923; Dr.
C. Fernetz; 1 male; lent by Buenos Aires Museum.

ARENAEUS MEXICANUS (Gerstaecker)
Plate 58, Figure 1; Plate 61

Euctenota mexicana GERSTAECKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p.
131, pl. 5, figs. 3 and 4 (type-locality, Mexico; type in Berlin Mus.).

Arenaeus bidens Smiru, Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 90 (type-locality,
Corinto, Nicaragua; typesin Mus. Comp. Zodl.).

Neptunus mexicanus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 212, pl. 42,
fig. 3-3e.

Arenaeus mexicanus Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 22.—
RatueEoun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 537, pl. 37, fig. 2.

Diagnosis —Two frontal teeth. Two spines at distal end of manus.
Outer spine the smallest of the wrist spines.

Description.—Bears.a strong resemblance to A. cribrarius. Interre-
gional furrows in center of carapace deeper and inner branchial lobule
more prominent. Only two frontal teeth (between the orbital teeth),

138 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

which are staall, blunt or subtruncate. Orbit with two teeth above
beside those at the extremities, one between the sinuses narrower
than in cribrarius, the other small but well developed and lying further
inward, close to the sinus. Antero-lateral teeth longer and narrower
than in cribrarius, seventh and eighth teeth of subequal width, eighth
considerably longer.

Three spines on anterior border of merus, one tooth at distal end
just above posterior border. The outermost of the carpal spines is the
smallest. Both superior carinae of the manus terminate in a spine,
the outer the smaller. The merus of the swimming foot is a little
longer in proportion to width than in eribrarius.

Color.—The color pattern of the carapace is similar to that of the
preceding species but the light spots are less uniformly round. The
spotting of the chelipeds is very much reduced or altogether absent.

Measurements.—Male (60975), total length of carapace 40, width of
same 91, width at anterior base of lateral spine 70, fronto-orbital
width 28.8, width of front (two teeth) 5 mm.

Range.—Lower California, Mexico, to Peru.

Material ecamined.—

MEXICO.—Lower California: Ballenas Bay; March 16, 1911;
Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (60003). Magdalena Bay; San Diego
Society of Natural History; 1 male (returned to sender). Carmen
Island, Gulf of California; 1889; Albatross; 1 young (17448).

NICARAGUA —Corinto: J. A. MeNiel; 2 males, cotypes of
A. bidens (5315, M.C.Z.). C.F. Baker; male (29316).

PANAMA.—Cocos Island, off Bay of Panama; Feb. 28, 1891;
Albatross; 3 males (20607). Taboga Island, Bay of Panama; May
11-15, 1911; Meek and Hildebrand; 1 male (Field Mus.), 1 male,
1 female (44203); received from Smithsonian B ological Survey.

PERU.—Salavery; October 21, 1926; collected from surf by men
and boys for W. L. Schmitt; 11 males, 56 females (60975). Ancon;
sand beach; February 13; R. E. Coker; 1 male (40441); received
from Peruvian Government.

Genus CRONIUS Stimpson

Cronius Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 225 [97];
type, C. ruber (Lamarck).
Charybdella Ratupun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 166; sub-
stituted for Cronius, preoccupied, according to a rule then valid, by Cronia
H. and A. Adams, 1858; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 51.
Alied to Portunus, differing chiefly in the orbit more nearly circular,
the basal lobe of the antenna prolonged into the orbital hiatus and the
flagellum more remote from the orbital cavity. Carapace narrow;

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 139

interorbital space wide; antero-lateral teeth very unequal, alternating
large and small; chelipeds heavy.
Contains only two species.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CRONIUS

A!. Four spines on manus. A spine at postero-distal angle of merus of swimming

LCC LE Nrere ee ene oe ere Donk ee aw ea ruber, p. 139.
A?. Two spines on manus. A row of spinules but no spine on postero-distal
margin! Of merus of Swimming feetuc 2-2-5. 32 =e tumidulus, p. 142.

CRONIUS RUBER (Lamarck)
Plates 62 and 63

Portunus ruber LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 260 (type-
locality, Brazil; type not located).

Lupa rubra MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 454.—Srreers,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1871, p. 239; Isthmus of
Panama.

Cronius ruber Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 225 [97].

Achelous ruber A. Minne Epwarps, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 10, 1861,
p. 345, pl. 33, fig. 1-10.

Goniosoma millerii A. MILNE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4,
1869, p. 54, pl. 18, figs. 1-3 (type-locality, Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde
Islands; type in Paris Mus.).

Amphitrite edwardsii LocKINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 43 [8] (type-locality, Mazatlan; type not extant); p. 106 [12], Lower
California.

Cronius milleri A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 232.

Cronius edwardsii A. M1nNE Epwarps,. Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 232.

Charybdella rubra RatTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 291.

Charybdella edwardsii RatuBwun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 611.

Diagnosis —Two gastric, one branchial ridge. Upper inner orb tal
angie distinctly divided into two teeth. All spines black-tipped.
Four spines on wrist, 4 on hand. A strong spine at postero-distal
angie of merus of swimming foot.

Description.—Carapace hexagonal, smooth and pubescent. A sin-
uous branchial ridge, two gastric ridges, the anterior one bi-arcuate.
Front proper cut into four teeth, the two median more advanced,
larger, and with convex sides; those of second pair more pointed,
directed slightly outward and separated from the antennal tooth by a
deep cut; this pair narrow, sharp, directed forward, and not deeply
separated from the inner orbital angles and are subrectangular and
carinate. Orbit nearly circular. The basal article of the external
antennae bears a spine below the insertion of the movable portion. Of
the antero-lateral teeth or spines the ninth is scarcely longer than the
seventh; intermediate spines strikingly smaller. Merus of chelipeds
armed in front with from four to six spines of unequal size, one of
which is terminal, and at extremity of its posterior border with a very
small spine. Wrist with granulous crests, a large spine inside and

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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three small spines on outer face. Hand crossed by granulous carinae
inside and out and armed above with four spines alternately placed,
two on inner border and two on outer border of upper surface. <A
strong spine followed by a deep sinus and a small spine at postero-
distal end of merus of swimming foot.

Color.—Violet red or deep purple red more or less marbled with a
lighter shade or white. Extremity of all spines black.

Young.—The front is less advanced, the median pair of teeth sub-
truncate. In specimens 7 mm. wide the front is arcuate, cut into
shallow lobes, the four small antero-lateral teeth are scarcely dis-
tinguishable.

Measurements.—Male (48801), total length of carapace 50.2, width
of same 75, fronto-orbital width 40.4, interorbital width 26.5, width
of front 13.7 mm.

Range.—Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, to the State of Santa
Catharina, Brazil. Lower California, Mexico, to Peru and the Gala-
pagos Islands. West Africa from Cape Verde Islands to Loanda.

Material eramined.—See table, pages 140-141.

CRONIUS TUMIDULUS (Stimpson)
Plate 64

Achelous tumidulus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 149
(type-localities, West of Tortugas, 37 fathoms, and off Conch Reef, 40
fathoms; types not extant).

Neptunus tumidulus A. M1utNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 218.

Cronius bispinosus Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 188, pl.
15, fig. 2-2b (type-locality, Bahia; type in British Museum).

Charybdella tumidula Ratupun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901,
p. 51.—VeERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908,
p. 393, pl. 19, fig. 1.

Cronius tumidulus RatuBun, in Boeke, Rapport Vischerij Kolonie Curagao,
part 2, 1920, p. 18.

Diagnosis.—Two gastric, three branchial and one cardiac ridge.
Upper inner orbital angle feebly bidentate. Spines not black tipped.
Two spines on wrist, two on hand. A row of spinules but no spine
on lower half of distal end of merus of swimming foot.

Description—Carapace narrower than in C. ruber, pubescent,
granulated toward margins. Two short granulate carinae behind
the long branchial carina, also a transverse carina on the cardiac
region. Last spine of antero-lateral border half again as long as
seventh spine. The small alternate spines are unequal, diminishing
in the following order: Second, fourth, sixth, eighth. Front con-
vex, prominent, projecting much beyond level of outer angles of
orbits; teeth rounded, the two middle ones being smaller than the
second pair and most prominent, separated from second pair by a
rather broad, shallow sinus; a narrow sinus between second pair
and the antennal tooth or inner angle of orbit; this angle is very

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 143

slightly bidentate. The separation of the antennal flagellum from
the orbit by a process from the basal article is not so well marked
as in C. ruber. Chelipeds rather short and stout; merus armed with
three large and one small spine on the front edge; spine of outer
extremity of posterior edge of merus minute, almost obsolete. Inner
spine of carpus long, reaching about a third the length of palm.
Only one spine on superior margin of hand at distal third; another
at articulation of carpus. On the merus of the swimming legs there
is a denticulated postero-distal margin, but no spine.

Color —Variegated hazel and rufous. (Schmitt.)

Young.—Carapace narrower and more tumid than in the old,
front less advanced, teeth shallower, interspaces shorter. The
outer denticle at the upper inner angle of the orbit is very slight.
The four small intermediate teeth of the antero-lateral margin are
minute and closely appressed. Lateral spine not much longer
proportionately than in the adult.

Measurements —Male (14053), total length of carapace 21,
width of same 30.7, width at anterior base of spine 27.2, fronto-
orbital width 18.3, width of front (4 teeth) 6.7 mm. Verrill records
a larger specimen, carapace of male 27 by 41 mm.

Range.-—Bahamas and Florida Keys to the State of Bahia, Brazil.
Bermuda.

Material examined.—See table, pages 144-146.

Subfamily PopoPpHTHALMINAE

Orbits occupying the whole of the anterior border of the carapace
except for a very narrow front; eyes on very long stalks.

Genus EUPHYLAX Stimpson

Euphylax Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 225 [97];
type, H. doviz Stimpson.

Carapace transversely oval, convex; antero-lateral margin short,
rounded, sparingly dentate; fronto-orbital distance about 4 of width
of carapace. Orbits very long, outwardly deeply cut, outer angle a
tooth or spine closing orbit outside; inner suborbital lobe extensive,
smooth above, margin crenulate. Eyes large, stalk slender, greatly
elongate, compressed; cornea stout. Front very narrow between
bases of eyestalks but anteriorly strongly dilated and deflexed, and
with a median tooth on the anterior or lower margin. Peduncle of
antennae embedded between outer extremity of the front and the
adjoining lower margin of the orbit, basal article short, movable part
about half as long as orbit. Antennules close together, folded
horizontally but not completely retractile. Epistome linear, well
defined, armed in front with a spine which projects between the
antennules. Merus of outer maxillipeds obliquely quadrate, little

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

144

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 147

longer than broad, margins not incised, outer angle broadly rounded.

Chelipeds long, hand strongly compressed. Posterior feet natatory ;

dactylus ovate. Dactylus of first 3 pairs broadly lanceolate.
Contains two species from middle America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUPHYLAX

A}. Antero-lateral margin of carapace armed with 5 small teeth or spines. Cara-

FE COAST OO Uy ba eee ee sea ae ens ON Ee Stern dae epmeeed es eee dovii, p. 147.
A?. Antero-lateral margin of carapace armed with 3 large spines and one small
one. Carapace with granulated lines and elevations___-_robustus, p. 148.

EUPHYLAX DOVII Stimpson
Plate 65

Euphylax dovii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 226
[98], pl. 3 [not 5], figs. 5, 5a (type-locality, western coast of Central America;
type not extant)—A. Mi~tne Epwarps. Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 204,
pl. 38, figs. 2—2d.

Diagnosis.—Five small teeth or spines on antero-lateral margin.
Carapace and lower orbital plate smooth. Front narrow, broadly
T-shaped. Eyes very long. Palms carinated.

Description.—Carapace more than half again as broad as long,
smooth and glabrous, minutely punctate, unevenly convex, cardiac
region more protuberant than gastric. Antero-lateral margin much
shorter than the postero-lateral, undulated and obscurely 5-toothed
including the angle of the orbit, which is much larger and more
prominent than either of the other teeth; posterior tooth minute,
subspiniform; intermediate ones very minute, indistinct and un-
equally distant. Margins of orbit crenulated; two small fissures
above. Suborbital lobe large and very prominent, with polished
superior surface; distance between its anterior and posterior margins
much exceeding width of eye-peduncle. Front nearly three times as
wide at its anterior extremity as at its base between the eyes; with
a supra-marginal crest interrupted at the middle. Chelipeds rather
large, nearly smooth above; merus broad, armed with 3 or 4 very
small spines anteriorly and one small terminal one posteriorly; carpus
one-spined within, and with a crenulated outer margin usually
indistinctly one-toothed or spined; hands ornamented outside with
four slight longitudinal ridges sparsely granulated or short-spinulated,
besides the ridge on the upper and on the lower margin, also a superior
distal spine and a proximal spine at carpal articulation; on inner side
of palm a few elongated tubercles forming a short row along middle
of distal end, and above that and behind base of dactylus a spine with
one or two granules on its slope; fingers much compressed, not gaping,
strongly toothed within and with crenulated exterior margins.

Color —Rosy with zones of a deeper red on the front of the carapace
and on the arm. The shell has iridescent reflections which are very
apparent on inner face of chela. (A. Milne Edwards.)

148 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Measurements.—Male (17290), length of carapace 46.5, width of
same 76, fronto-orbital width 60, greatest width of front 12 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico? (A. Milne Edwards). Central
_ America to Chile.

Material examined.—

PANAMA.—1 male (17290), purchased from H. A. Ward.

Montuosa Islet, N. 12° W., 12 miles; lat. 7° 17’ N., long. 82° 11’
W.; surface; October 20, 1904; station 4619, Albatross; 1 female
(33369).

PERU.—Paita, Hassler Exped., 9 females (21320), received from
the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

CHILE.—Talcahuano, specimen in M.C.Z.

EUPHYLAX ROBUSTUS A. Milne Edwards
Plates 66 and 67

Euphylax robustus A. M1nnp Epwarps, in Les fonds de la mer, by Fischer, Folin
and Périer, vol. 2, 1874, p. 249 (type-locality, Mazatlan; type in Paris Mus.) ;
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 205, pl. 37.

Diagnosis.—Three strong,spines on antero-lateral margin. Cara-
pace with granulated lines and prominences. Lower orbital plate
granulated. Otherwise asin LF. dovii.

Description.—A granulated epigastric Jine; a similar line runs from
the base of the lateral spine transversely inward, not reaching the
branchio-cardiac suture. Prominent parts of carapace granulated,
granules little apparent. Supra-orbital border more granulate than
in dovii. The upper surface of the advanced lower orbital plate is
ornamented with distinct granules. Lateral border of carapace
granulated and with three strong spines, the first most developed,
and a small spine in the first interspace. (After A. Milne Edwards.)

Color —Carapace greenish; chelae same color above and yellowish
inside and below; ambulatory legs reddish yellow. (A. Milne
Edwards.)

Measurements —Female, holotype, length of carapace 56, width of
same 90, fronto-orbital width 79 mm. (A. Milne Edwards.)

Range.—Known only from the unique type from Mazatlan, Mexico.

Relation.—Perhaps conspecific with FE. doviit. Its peculiarities may
be due to its greater size. :

Family ATELECYCLIDAE

Atelecyclidae (p. 421) + Cheiragonidae (p. 419) OrTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7,
1893; Bronn’s Thier-Reich, vol. 5, pt. 2, 1898, p. 1169.

Atelecyclinae (p. 99)+Corystidae, part (p. 103), Atcockx, Journ. Asiat. Soe.
Bengal, vol. 68, 1899.

Atelecyclidae BorrapDAILE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 481.

The antennules fold lengthwise. The movable part of the antennae
is either well developed and hairy or rudimentary or altogether

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 149

absent. Carapace never very broad, but either subcircular, suboval,
oblong, or pentagonal.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY ATELECYCLIDAE

Al. Movable part of antennae, or that part succeeding the basal article, stout,
provided with a flagellum. Antennules folding within their cavity.

*® Front, between the antennae, cut into two, three, or four teeth or spines.
Atelecyclinae, p. 149.

A’. Movable part of antennae absent or rudimentary. Antennules stout, too
large to retract within their cavity. Carapace rotund. Front between

the antennae entire or subentire_______________-_ Acanthocyclinae, p. 170.

Subfamily ATELECYCLINAE

Carapace suboval, oblong or pentagonal. Movable part of antennal
peduncle well developed, stout, provided with a flagellum. Anten-
nules folding normally within their cavity. Front, between the
antennae, cut into two, three, or four spines.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY ATELECYCLINAE 1°

A}. Orbits transverse. Lateral margins of carapace well defined by a more or
less sharp edge. Legs stout.

B!. A triangular projection from the basal antennal article fills the inner
hiatus of the orbit. Lateral margins of carapace cut into 6 or 7 large
teeth. Surface of body and appendages covered with short bristles which
give them the name “‘horse crabs.’’ Genital openings of female very
large, not covered by the appressed abdomen.

C!. Carapace pentagonal; lateral teeth 6; frontal denticles 4. Legs

SUOMI. Aye Se Telmessus, p. 150.
C2. Carapace oblong; lateral teeth 7; frontal teeth 2 in old, sometimes
4in young. Legs coarsely spined___-------- Erimacrus, p. 155.

B?. Basal antennal article without a projection filling the orbital hiatus.
Lateral margins cut into spines or shallow teeth edged with spinules.
C!. Carapace oval or oblong-oval and without a long lateral spine; sur-
face smooth orvoranulous= =< os = Sse ee eee Peltarion, p. 160.
C2, Carapace with long lateral spines.
D!. Carapace orbicular, smooth except near the margins, and covered

with a fine velvet, like Dromia-_« _---- Trichopeltarion, p. 167.

D*. Carapace pentagonal, tuberculate__---- Trachycarcinus, p. 164.

A?. Orbits and eyes pointing forward. Carapace oval; lateral margin not defined
except by a few long spines. Legs slender__-_-------- Pliosoma, p. 169.

NOMEN NUDUM

Atelecyclus dilatatus Puttirrt1, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 17, 1894, p. 264; Chile.

19 Milne Edwards (Hist Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 143) makesa species Atelecyclus chilensis, which accord-
ing to the description is so closely allied to A. cruentatus Desmarest (in Guérin, Iconographie du Régne
Animal, vol. 2, pl. 2, fig. 2-2c) that it is but a variation of it. Milne Edwards gives as a possible synonym
the Cancer undecimdentatus of Herbst (Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1783, p. 181, pl. 10, fig. 60).
Tam able to confirm its identity, as there lies before me a photograph of one of Herbst’s three type-specimens
in the Berlin Museum which are labeled ‘‘ Am. bor.’’; also a photograph of a female of the same species in
the Copenhagen Museum and labeled ‘“‘ex Ind. or. Daldorf.’? Both of the photographs agree with Des-
marest’s figure (loc. cit.); therefore the valid name of the European species is Atelecyclus wndecimdentatus
(Herbst, 1783) =A. rotwndatus (Olivi, 1792, Zool. Adriat., p. 47, pl. 2, fig. 2)=A. crwentatus Desmarest (1825,
Consid. Génér. Crust., p. 89). The localities Chile, North America, and East Indies should be considered
erroneous.

150 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Genus TELMESSUS White
HORSE CRABS

Cheiragone? LatTREILLE, Fam. Nat., 1825, p. 270. |

Cheiragonus? BrrtHoup, Latreille’s Nat. Fam. Thierreichs, 1827, p. 256; nomen
nudum.

Telmessus WuitzE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 17, 1846, p. 497; type, 7. serratus
White—Benepict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 223, and
synonymy. .

Platycorystes Branpt, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersbourg, vol. 7, 1848,
p. 179; type, P. ambiguus Brandt.

Cheiragonus Branpt, Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, vol. 2, Zool. pt. 1, 1851, p.
147; type, C. hippocarcinoides Brandt.

Carapace broader than long, pentagonal. Lateral margins dentate.
Front between the antennae projecting, its anterior edge cut into four
small denticles. A broad tooth at inner angle of orbit. Basal
article of antenna short, broad and flattened; a triangular winglike
projection from it fills the inner hiatus of the orbit. Epistome with
a triangular point extending forward on the median line between the
antennules. Chelipeds short; ambulatory legs moderately long.
Sternum of female thickened and sculptured around the genital
openings; lateral margins of sixth abdominal segment broadly incised
leaving the openings fully exposed. Abdomen- of male narrow
triangular from the fourth segment to tip.

California to Bering Sea; Siberia to Japan.

TELMESSUS CHEIRAGONUS (Tilesius)

Cancer cheiragonus T1testus, Mém. Acad. Impér. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, vol. 5,
1812 (1815), p. 347, pl. 7, fig. 1 (type-locality, Awatscha, Kamchatka; type,
Mus. St. Petersburg [Leningrad]).

Telmessus serratus Wuitr, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 17, 1846, p. 497 (type-locality,
not given; type in Brit. Mus.); List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 124.

Platycorystes ambiguus BRANDT, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersbourg, vol. 7,
1848, p. 179 (type-localities, Okhotsk Sea, Kamchatka, and Aleutian Islands,
Alaska; types, Mus. St. Petersbourg [Leningrad]).

Platycorystes cheiragonus BrRanpT, Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, vol. 2, pt. 1,
1851, p. 85.

Cheiragonus hippocarcinoides Branpt, Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, vol. 2,
part 1, 1851, p. 147; substituted for Platycorystes cheiragonus.—STIMPSON,
Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 465.

Telmessus cheiragonus BENEDICT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 224,
pl. 25, pl. 26, figs. 2-4.—Ratusoun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904,
p. 179.

Cheiragonus cheiragonus ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1894, p. 420.

Telemessus cheiragonus Houtmms, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900,
p. 69, and synonymy.

Diagnosis—Carapace broader than long. Epistome produced to

a point on the median line. Lateral margins of sixth segment of

female abdomen deeply incised. Lateral teeth of carapace six.

Description.—Surface of carapace set with large granules, forming
lines in the posterior regions; from the granules arise numerous short

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 151

FIGURE 21.—TELMESSUS CHEIRAGONUS, MALE, DORSAL VIEW, REDUCED. AFTER BENEDICT

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152 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

bristles of even length which bend forward and are enlarged at the
end. Regional furrows deep. Denticles of the front often wanting
in old worn specimens. Inner supraorbital ‘tooth triangular, its
anterior end forming a right angle. Lateral teeth six including the
outer orbital tooth; fourth tooth much the largest, situated at the
lateral angle; the post-lateral teeth are the smallest, especially the
hinder one; margins of all the teeth armed with stout acute denticles
which are applied against the upper surface along the posterior
margins but are larger and project forward normal to the anterior
margins.

The chelipeds are granulate and hairy, the granules ranged in
longitudinal rows on chelae. The merus has three nearly equal
surfaces; the carpus has a groove along its outer distal margin, its
inner angle is produced in a long flat spine. Fingers deeply grooved,
prehensile edges armed with stout tuberculiform teeth. Ambulatory

FIGURE 22.—TELMESSUS CHEIRAGONUS. ad. FEMALE ABDOMEN AND STERNUM. 0. EPIS-
TOME. Cc, BRISTLE FROM CARAPACE, ENLARGED. AFTER BENEDICT

legs much compressed and bearing short transverse lines of granules
bearing coarse bristles; the dactyls have horny tips, two longitudinal
grooves on each side and one groove above which is bordered on
either side by two rows of small spinules and a fringe of bristles; a
double row of spinules with accompanying bristles on the lower
margin.

Color.—Yellowish with purple spots (Steller).

Measurements —Male (47965), length of carapace 83.5, width of
same 97, fronto-orbital width 54, width of front at base, between
antennae, 21.3 mm.

Range.—Off northern California (Stimpson) to Bering Sea and
southward from Siberia to Japan.

Material eramined.—

WASHINGTON.—Port Orchard, Puget Sound; July, 1889; O. B.
Johnson; 6 males, 11 females (14965).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 153

Kilisut Harbor, near Port Townsend; July 1, 1903; Albatross; 3
females (31629).

Quarantine Dock, near Port Townserd; June 28, 1903; Albatross;
2 males, 1 female (31628).

Puget Sound; 1880; D. S. Jordan, U. S. Fish Comm.; 2 males
(3170).

Port Angeles; Sept. 3, 1891; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (17092).

Straits of Fuca: 1 young female (3398). 1880; D.S. Jordan, U.S.
Fish Comm.; 1 male (3065).

Sucia Islands; May 6, 1894; Albatross; 5 specimens (18974).

BRITISH COLUMBIA.—Alert Bay, Vancouver Island; Albatross;
1 specimen (19320).

ALASKA.—Metlakahtla, Annette Island; Albatross; 3 males, 1
female (21785).

Loring; June 16, 1904: Chamberlain and Aller, Bureau of Fisheries;
1 female (50507).

Observation Island, Cordova, Clarence Strait; June 27, 1914; Bur.
Fisheries, 1 male (48835).

Hunters Bay, Prince of Wales Island; April 18, 1897; Albatross; 2
males (32218).

Kasa-an Bay, Prince of Wales Island; Dr. T. H. Streets, U.S. Navy;
5 males, 5 females (14824).

Reid Harbor, Stewart Island; May 5, 1892; Albatross; 1 female
(18976).

Sitka; December 23, 1880; L. A. Beardslee, U. S. Navy; 1 female
(3168).

Freshwater Bay, Chichagof Island; 1903; Albatross; 1 male (31631).

Hooniah, Chichagof Island; San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 1 specimen
(53362).

Cordova Bay, Prince William Sound; August 24, 1897; Albatross; 1
female (21784).

Refuge Cove, Port Chatham; July 6, 1880; W. H. Dall; 1 male
(14815).

Coal Point, Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet; W. H. Dall; 1 male
(31498).

Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; 20-60 fathoms; sdy. M.; June 30,
1880; W. H. Dall; 6 young (12509).

Litmik (now Afognak) Bay; shore; Albatross: August 13, 1900; 1
male (25209). August 3, 1903; 1 male, 1 young (31630).

Chiniak Bay, Kodiak; July 12, 1880; W. H. Dall; 4 young (12533).

Chajafka Cove, Kodiak; 12-14 fathoms; 1874; W. H. Dall; 2 young
males (14814).

Chignik Lagoon; tide flats west of A. P. A. Cannery; July, 1911;
Albatross; 1 male (61371), 1 specimen (50494).

Popof Strait; 6 fathoms; 1872; W. H. Dall; 2 young males, 5 young
(14813).

154 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Coal Harbor, Unga; 3-9 fathoms; 1872; W. H. Dall; 26 males, 9
females (14812).

Issannakh (now Isanotski) Strait; July 15, 1894 (?); Albatross; 1
male (18975).

New Morzhovoi; July 17, 1894; Albatross; 4 specimens (18973).

Off Unimak Island; lat. 55° 06’ 00’’ N., long. 163° 28’ 00’’ W.; 9
fathoms; fne. dk. vol. S.; temperature 40° F.; June 26, 1894; station
3600, Albatross; 7 specimens (18971).

Unalaska Island: July 28; Bur. Fisheries; 1 male, deformed (47318).
May 20, 1892; Albatross; 2 males, 2 females (18984.) Off village,
Thuliuk; 5-15 fathoms; sand; 1871; W. H. Dall; 4 young (13115).
Dutch Harbor; May 25-27, 1906; Albatross; 1 female, 4 young (47964).

Nazan Bay, Atka Island: 10-16 fathoms; sand; 1873; W. H. Dall; 3
males, 2 females (14817). Shore; May 30, 1906; Albatross; 1 male, 1
female (47963).

St. Paul Island, Bering Sea: Albatross; 1 specimen (19313). 1890;
William Palmer; 9 large (15342). October 1911; M. C. Marsh, Bur.
Fisheries; 1 female (45507).

Bristol Bay; lat. 58° 23’ 45’’ N., long. 157° 42’ 45’’ W.; 7% fathoms;
S. P.; temperature 44.5° F.; June 2, 1890; station 3233, Albatross; 10
specimens (15997), ‘‘about 40 discarded.”

Off Cape Newenham; lat. 58° 40’ 45’’ N., long. 162° 08’ 30’’ W.;
17 fathoms; P. St.; temperature 40.6° F.; June 13, 1890; station 3247,
Albatross; 1 specimen (16002).

Southwest of Hagemeister Island; lat. 58° 31’ 20’’ N., long. 161°
13’ 00’ W.; 11% fathoms; S. P.; June 9, 1890; station 3245, Albatross;
4 young (16001).

Anchorage, Hagemeister Island; beach; 1874; W. H. Dall; 1 male
(14819).

Kouloulak Bay; lat. 58° 44’ 30’’ N., long. 160° 08’ 45’’ W.; 11
fathoms; bk. M.; June 8, 1890; station 3242, Albatross; 3 specimens
(15998).

St. Michael: October 26, 1874; L. M. Turner; 1 male (8258).
“This specimen was found on the beach after a hard south wind;
the only one ever seen here, though the natives catch them on their
fishing lines, as was told me by a Malemut woman.” 1878; E. W.
Nelson; 1 female (14820).

Port Clarence; beach; July 31, 1913; Canadian Arctic Exped.; 2
carapaces (54165).

SIBERIA.—Bering Island, Commander Islands: 1882-1883; L.
Stejneger; 2 young (13406), 1 female (14821). Nuikolski; low water;
July, 1897; L. Stejneger; 1 young (21248). Albatross: 1 male (18985);
shore, June 15, 1906, 10 males, 4 females (47962).

Petropaulski Harbor, Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka: September 1,
1895; L. Stejneger; 2 males (19043). August 13, 1896; Albatross; 8
males, 2 females (32220). 7 fathoms; taken in crab net; June, 1900;

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 155

Albatross; 3 males (33459). Shore; June 19, 1906; Albatross; 2 males
(47965).

Rakovaya Bay, Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka; August 13, 1896;
Albatross; 4 males, 2 females (32219).

Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka; 9 fathoms; taken in crab net; June
21, 1900; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female (32229).

JAPAN .—Shana Bay, Yatorup Island, Kurile Islands; September
4, 1896; Albatross; 6 specimens (20124).

Nemoro, Hokkaido; August, 1914; Fred Baker; 2 males (48846).

Mororan, Hokkaido; 1900; Jordan and Snyder; 2 males, 5 females, 8

young (26247); from Stanford University.

Genus ERIMACRUS Benedict

HORSE CRABS

Podacanthus Branpt, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersbourg, vol. 7, 1848, p.
180; subgenus of Platycorystes Brandt; type, Platycorystes (Podacanthus)
isenbeckit Brandt. Podacanithus used by Gray in 1833 for a genus of
Orthoptera.

Erimacrus Benepict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 229; substituted
for Podacanthus.

Carapace longer than broad, oblong-oval. Lateral margins
arcuate, armed with seven teeth. Front between the antennae cut
into two teeth. A tooth at inner angle of orbit. Antennae as in
Telmessus. Epistome with a nearly straight anterior margin.
Chelipeds stout; ambulatory legs very broad and spinous. The
genital openings of the female occupy the posterior wall of a deep
depression in the sternum and are not covered by the abdomen. The
side margins of the sixth segment of the abdomen are not deeply
incised. Abdomen of male triangular from the third segment.

Contains only one species.

ERIMACUS ISENBECKII (Brandt)

Plate 68

Platycorystes (Podacanthus) isenbeckii BRANDT, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Impér.
Sci. St. Péterbourg, vol. 7, 1848, p. 180 (type-locality, Unalaska; type, Mus.
St. Petersburg [Leningrad)]).

Platycorystes isenbeckit BRANDT, Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, vol. 2, pt. 1, 1951,
p. 83.—Ricuters, Abh. Senck. Natur. Gesell., Frankfurt, vol. 13, part 4,
1884, p. 402, plate, figs. 1 and 2.

Cheiragonus isenbeckii BRANDT, Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, vol. 2, pt. 1, 1851,
p. 147.

Erimacrus isenbeckii BeNEpictT, Proc.” U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 229,
pl. 26, figs. 5-7, and pl. 27.

Diagnosis—Carapace longer than broad. Epistome with nearly
straight anterior margin. Lateral margins of sixth segment of female
abdomen not deeply incised. Lateral teeth of carapace seven.

Description —Carapace covered with short bristles and acute
tubercles which form also about nine small elevations, 5 gastric,

156

BULLETIN

152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

—ERIMACRUS ISENBECKH, MALE, DORSAL VIEW, REDUCED. AFTER BENEDICT

FIGURE 23.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 157

2 cardiac, and 2 branchial. Crescentic furrows at center of carapace
deep. Margins denticulate. The two frontal teeth are broad, each
tipped with an acute denticle; in the young, however, there are two
extra teeth, one each side of the median line; eventually their tips
break off, leaving between the outer teeth a transverse margin broken
by the median suture. Inner orbital tooth narrow, acute. The
fourth lateral tooth of the carapace is midway of its length, is very little
larger than the preceding but projects farther laterally; the next three
teeth are small, but the sixth is larger than the other two.

Chelipeds spinous; 6 longitudinal rows of spines on the outer-upper
surface of the palm, two rows continued part way on each finger.
Ambulatory legs thick, armed with stout spines, which are longer and
stronger on the last three articles where they border each side of the

FIGURE 24.—ERIMACRUS ISENBECKI. @. FEMALE ABDOMEN AND STERNUM. 0. EPISTOME.
c. BRISTLE FROM CARAPACE, ENLARGED. AFTER BENEDICT

upper surface as far as the middle of the dactylus; a row of spines on
anterior surface of carpus and propodus, on lower margin of propodus
and base of dactylus. Dactyli twice as long as propodi, having a deep
groove through the middle of each side, a finer groove higher up which
disappears toward the proximal end, and a superior groove broad and
shallow on the proximal half only. The crab is hairy all over, the
hair longest on the maxillipeds, anterior sternum, inner surface of
chelipeds, and lower margins of legs.

Measurements—Male (47266), total length of carapace 127.6,
width of same 125, fronto-orbital width 70.7, width of front at base,
between antennae, 25 mm.

Range—From Cooks Inlet, Alaska, westward and northward to the
Pribilof Islands (Bering Sea) and Kamchatka, thence southward to
Korea and southern Japan.

Material examined. —See table, pages 158-159.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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Genus PELTARION Jacquinot

Peliarion ® Jacquinot, d’Urville’s Voy. au Pole Sud 1837-1840, atlas, Crust., 1847
(?),21 pl. 8, figs. 1-38; type, P. magellanicus; text, Zool., vol. 3, 1853, p. 80.—
Wuirts, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 52.—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped. vol.
13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 298; pt. 2, 1853, p. 1425.—Sressine, Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, 1900, p. 519, and synonymy.

Hypopeltarium Mixers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 210; type, H.
spinulosum (White).—Ratusoun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897,
p. 165.

Hypopeltarion ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 7, 18938, p. 421.

Carapace suborbicular or broad oval; anterior half broader; very
convex, strongly deflexed anteriorly; surface rough, median sutures
deep. Rostrum horizontal, triangulate, tridentate, median tooth
larger and more advanced than lateral. Anterior and lateral margins
dentate, teeth shallow, edges spinulous. Orbits 4-toothed. Eye
stalks slender, curved, capable of concealment within the orbits.
Basal article of antenna very short, next article longer. Merus of
outer maxilliped somewhat longer than wide, broadly truncate at
insertion of palp. Chelipeds stout. Carpus and propodus of legs of
subequal length. Abdomen of male small, narrow. %

South and middle America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PELTARION

A‘. Carapace as broad as long or nearly so. Chelipeds equal. Third, fourth,

and fifth segments of male abdomen fused-_-_--_-------- spinulosum, p. 160.
A?, Carapace distinctly longer than broad. Chelipeds very unequal. No
abdominal’ segments fused 2°22 292 2k oo a tae ee dextrum, p. 161.

PELTARION SPINULOSUM (White)
Plate 69, Figures 1 and 2

Atelecyclus spinulosus Wuitn, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1. vol. 12, 1843, p. 345
(type-locality, Falkland Islands; type in Brit. Mus.).

? Atelecyclus chilensis Nicouet in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, Crust., 1849,
p. 175 (type-locality, Bay of Valparaiso; type not extant). Not A. chilensis
Milne Edwards, 1837.

Peltarion magellanicus Jacquinot, d’Urville’s Voy. au Pole Sud 1837-1840, atlas,
Crust., 1847 (?), pl. 8, figs. 1-3; text, Zool., vol. 3, 1853, p. 83 (type-locality,
Sts. of Magellan; type in Paris Mus.).

Peltarion spinulosum (=Corystes spin.) Wurtn, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847,
p. 52.—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 304; atlas,
1855, pl. 18, fig. 6a and b; southern Patagonia.—CunnineuaM, Trans. Linn.
Soe. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 494; Sts. of Magellan.—Mrrrs, Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, 1881, p. 68.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Miss. Sci. du Cap Horn
1882-1883, vol. 6, zool., Crust, 1891, p. F. 17—Srrssine, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1900, p. 519, and synonymy.—Bovvinr, in A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 306.

20 Peltarion not to be displaced by Peltarium Fischer de Waldheim, 1844. See International Rules of
Zoological Nomenclature, Art. 36, Recommendations, in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 39, 1926, p. 87.
21 As White in 1847 cites the atlas of Hombron and Jacquinot, it must have been issued as early as 1847.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 161

Hypopeliarium spinulosum Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17,1886, p. 211;
(Chiloe, etc.).

Hypopeltarion spinulosum ORrTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 7, Syst., 1893, p. 421.—
Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, vol. 2, part 3, 1902, p. 758.

Diagnosis.—Carapace as broad as long or nearly so. Chelipeds sub-
equal. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of male abdomen fused.

Description.—Carapace suborbicular, broader than long, or some-
times longer than broad in the young and half grown; covered with
crowded, unequal granules, most prominent on posterior part, and
becoming lower and less apparent with age. Lateral teeth 4 or 5
besides the orbital tooth; 3 are antero-lateral, the third being at the
widest part of the carapace; one, and sometimes two, are postero-
lateral. Median tooth of front narrow, gradually diminishing to a
bidentate tip; lateral teeth slender, about half as long as median and
longitudinally placed. Cornea black. Basal article of antenna less
advanced than suborbital tooth; next two articles stout. Merus of
outer maxilliped equal in its greatest width to distal end of ischium,
distal half of margin spinulous. Upper margin of chelipeds spinous,
surface rough with stout, sharp spinules which become tubercles or
cranules in the old and which form about 5 longitudinal rows on outer
surface of palm. Fingers compressed, subtriangular, narrowly gaping.
Legs spinulous above, especially on carpus and propodus, the former
with a longitudinal row of spinules on outer surface in the first three
pairs, and two rows in the last pair; dactyli long and slender. Ambu-
latory legs fringed with long silky hair, also upper margin of chelae,
lower surface of carapace and sternum and margins of abdomen and
maxilliped. Terminal segment of male abdomen slightly longer or
shorter than breadth, and deeply invaginated in the preceding seg-
ment.

Color.—Above red spotted with white, beneath entirely white
(White).

Measurements —Male (61098), length of carapace 50, width of same
52.6 mm. Male (22061), length of carapace 37.2, width of same
36 mm.

Range.—From Uruguay by way of the Straits of Magellan to the
Island of Chiloe, Chile. Bay. of Valparaiso (Nicolet).. Falkland
Islands. Shallow water to 77.5 fathoms.

Material eramined.—See table, page 162.

PELTARION DEXTRUM (Rathbun), new combination
Plate 69, Figure 3

Hypopeltarium dextrum RatHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 277, pl. 6, fig. 2 (type-locality, off;Cozumel, Yueatan, 231 fathoms;
Cat. No. 9558, U.S.N.M.).

79856—30——12

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 163

Diagnosis.—Carapace distinctly longer than broad. Chelipeds
very unequal. No segments of male abdomen fused. A spine on
eye stalk.

Description.—Carapace elongate-oval, covered with numerous
well-separated, small, white, beadlike tubercles which posteriorly
become subacute or spiniform. Surface between tubercles covered
with very short, light-colored setae. Lateral teeth three besides the
orbital tooth; two are antero-lateral, one postero-lateral. Lower sur-
face of carapace spinulous. Median tooth of front oblong, twice as

FIGURE 25.—PELTARION DEXTRUM, MALE, HOLOTYPE, DORSAL VIEW, X 1%o6

long as lateral, which are divergent, each tooth tipped with a sharp
spine and having two or more spinules near the tip. Cornea imper-
fectly developed, light brown; a small spine on anterior or inner sur-
face of eye stalk about one-third the distance from tip. Basal article
of antenna attaining end of suborbital tooth, next two articles succes-
sively much slenderer. Ischium of outer maxilliped wider distally
than the merus, its antero-internal angle produced; inner angle of
merus spinulous. Chelipeds very unequal, the right the larger
(in the single specimen); surface finely granulate. Merus very thick,
trigonal, spinulous on upper and outer margins and toward distal

164 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

end. Carpus with outer surface tuberculate, inner margin thick,
rough with sharp spinules; inner angle prominent, rectangular.
Manus very deep distally, upper surface spinulous and tuberculate;
fixed finger short, triangular; dactylus wide, upper margin arcuate,
spinulous. Smaller cheliped very spinulous, upper margin spinous,
fingers proportionally longer and more slender, gaping slightly at
base. Merus of legs spinous above, and in last pair spinulous on
hinder surface; carpus spinulous in first three pairs; dactyli very
long and slender. Legs fringed with long silky hair, also upper margin
of left cheliped, lower margin of carapace, and margins of abdomen,
sternum, and maxilliped. Sternum granulate. Terminal segment
of male abdomen broader than long, not invaginated in the preceding
segment. Median third of abdomen spinulous, spinules diminishing
in size from first to sixth segment.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 42.5, width of
same 36.5, length of right cheliped 72, of left one 37.5 mm.

Range.—Kast coast of Mexico, deep water.

Material ecamined.—Off Cozumel Island, Yucatan, 231 fathoms,
station 2359, Albatross; one maie holotype (9558).

Genus TRACHYCARCINUS Faxon

Trachycarcinus Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 156; type,
T. corallinus Faxon; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 18, 1895, p. 25.—
Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, 1899, p. 100.

Carapace pentagonal, very convex, antero-lateral margins long,
nearly straight, toothed. Front narrow, produced, three toothed
orspined. Orbits large, with forward aspect, imperfect; two hiatuses
above, one below, and one at inner angle; lower wall formed chiefly
by the carapace. Anterior margin of buccal cavity not distinctly
defined, epistome short, ridges of endostome developed. Sternum
long and rather narrow. Abdomen of male narrow. LEyestalks
very small, retractile within orbits; eyes dull and faintly pigmented.
Antennules longitudinally folded. Antennae lying in inner hiatus of
orbit, basal segment but slightly enlarged, not filling hiatus at inner
angle of orbit nor attaining to the front, subcylindrical, unarmed,
imperfectly fused with carapace; second article longer and slenderer
than first, the third article about equal to the second in length but
slenderer; all are furnished with long, coarse setae; antenna less
than half as long ascarapace. Ischium of outer maxillipeds produced
at antero-internal angle; merus rounded at antero-external angle,
obliquely truncated without emargination at antero-internal angle.
Legs of moderate length; dactyli styliform, straight, slender, longer
than the penult article.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 165

Inhabits deep water off middle America, and Japan, the Indian
Ocean and the East Indies.”

s
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS TRACHYCARCINUS

A’, Tubercles of carapace furnished with smooth, flat, white granules. Cheli-

peds.otmalesvenyaumequale ho 4) i tie Ua ee es corallinus, p. 165.
A?, Tubercles of carapace rough with acute or spine-tipped granules. Cheli-
MEdsrsUbeqUale sco owe eae ee eC spinulifer, p. 166.

TRACHYCARCINUS CORALLINUS Faxon
Plate 72

Trachycarcinus corallinus Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 156
(type-localities, Bay of Panama, 546 and 695 fathoms, and off Acapulco, 660
fathoms; cotypes in M.C.Z. and U.S.N.M.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
vol. 18, 1895, p. 26, pl. A——Ratusoun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898,
p. 599.—Not T. corallinus Bauss, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 88, 1922, p. 99,
which may be called T. balssiz.

DPiagnosis.—Protuberances of carapace large, covered with smooth,
flat tubercles; chelipeds of male very unequal; outer surface of hands
smooth.

Description —Antero-lateral margin longer than postero-lateral.
General surface densely clothed with a dark brown coat consisting of
a multitude of close-set club-shaped setae; underneath this the shell
is smooth and white. Regions well marked; on the prominent parts
of each are groups of flattened, ivory white tubercles. The principal
groups are: two antero-lateral and one posterior median on the gastric
region; four in two pairs on the cardiac; five or six on each branchial;
and one crescentic on each hepatic region. Front with three acute
teeth, median twice as long as lateral. Preorbital tooth subrectangled,
edge denticulate. Behind the postorbital spine there are three promi-
nent teeth increasing in length successively; a minute tooth just
back of the largest lateral tooth. Posterior margin denticulate,
concave at middle.

The end of the antennal peduncle does not quite reach the end of
the rostrum. Chelipeds of male very unequal, the larger may be
right or left; large chela smooth and ivory white; merus with a few
small teeth along upper margin, mostly near the two ends of the arti-
cle, and there are also a few still smaller teeth along the postero-
inferior margin; carpus inflated, upper margin armed with one strong
tooth and denticulate along its whole length; propodus somewhat
swollen, the finger bent down at an obtuse angle with the lower
border of the palm; usually two or three small tubercles or teeth on
upper margin of propodus, besides a tubercular process at articu-

#2 Tf the three genera Peltarion, Trichopeltarion, and Trachycarcinus be retained, then Trichopeltarium
alcocki Doflein (in Chun, Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, vol. 2, 1993, p. 531, text-fig.) should be removed
from Trichopeltarion and be known as Trachycarcinus alcocki.

166 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

ei BF Sishktenty | lation of carpus; dactylus strong, down-
iy * ee & 2 | curved, granules on upper border, both
| e & an “fingers armed with large, blunt, pre-
' i} : | hensile teeth. The smaller chela is fur-
ae: | {| | nished with setae, is slenderer than the
5 , a 7 _ large one, has proportionally longer fin-
a = _ gers and is sparsely granulate. Cheli-
Se peds of female approximately equal,
i / i}! resembling smaller one of male. Legs
s zs |! {| covered with coarse setae, dactyls
= s sg 8 | tipped with a small, acute, horny nail.
| = {: {| Third, fourth, and fifth segments of
as 2 #2 ¢ | male abdomen partially fused, divisions
Pow bai sen So) plambynindieatedy |
St Wass Oolor.—Wood brown. Larger che-
3 3 = J ~“ liped of male, and tubercles of carapace
= é s 18 | ivory white.
S ate Senna Measurements.—Male cotype (20618),
2 2:8 “3 $3 2 | length of carapace 27.5, width of same
g a fs oy | 30.4, length of left cheliped 48.7, length
S : ua #2 , | of right cheliped 23.7 mm. é
S a s° ¢¢ ¢ | Range—From Acapulco, Mexico, to
= a e 22 = | Galapagos Islands. 546to695fathoms.
> BE | GLI S Material eramined.—See table, p. 166.
8 | 3 |*8 88 8 | TRACHYCARCINUS SPINULIFER Rathbun
5 | Se | -8 ge 2 |
5 g | 8 |e we 8 | Plates 70 and 71
S 5 | 2 -S gs wg | Trachycarcinus spinulifer Rarupun, Bull.
3 | Be? Wie Was Ss Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
S jae Ee ay es 4, 1898, p. 278, pl. 6, fig. 1, (type-local-
= BS ity, off the Delta of the Mississippi, 324
fathoms; type, Cat. No. 9639, U.S.N.M.).
thi g Tod Diagnosis.—Protuberances of cara-
/ }! | pace small, spinulous; chelipeds sub-
' i!) | equal, outer surface of hands rough.
' |} 2 Deseription—Shape much as in T.
B ' !! | corallinus, antero-lateral margins more
3 ! | s _ arcuate. Surface covered with a thin,
i ii £ | fine, light-colored pubescence. Regions
> |! © | well marked, elevations small and nu-
g 2 | 2 merous, covered with small conical tu-
= §: 4 | bercles, many spiniform; slender spi-
S sg % | nules scattered on carapace, especially
§ Ee z | on posterior half and near lateral mar-
| sé = gins. Lateral spines long and slender,

THE CANCROID.CRABS OF AMERICA 167

armed with spinules; antero-lateral spines three, third the longest;
postero-lateral two; small spines along posterior margin. Front with
three slender spines of equal width at base, directed forward (tips
broken off). Orbital spines very slender, spinuliferous, preocular
having a small spine at base on outer side. Segments of male abdo-
men all distinct; first and second with a few small spines or spinules.

Chelipeds small, nearly equal, the right large; setose; arm not
-exceeding carapace, lower and outer margin spinulous; outer surface
of wrist and hand spinulous, larger spines at inner angle of wrist
and along upper margin of hand. Legs rather long and slender,
pubescent, bearing spinules except on the dactyli.

FIGURE 26.—TRACHYCARCINUS SPINULIFER, MALE, HOLOTYPE, DORSAL FIGURE 27.—TRACHY-
VIEW, X 138 CARCINUS SPINU-
LIFER, MALE, HOLO-
TYPE, OUTER MAX-
ILLIPED, X 5

Measurements —Male, holotype, length to base of frontal spines
26, width exclusive of spines 23.3, width inclusive of spines 34 mm.
Larger carapace (20596), length to base of frontal spines 40.6, width
exclusive of spines 38.6, width inclusive of spines (tips broken .off)
50.4 mm.

Range.—Gulf of Mexico, 324 to 347 fathoms.

Material ecamined.—Gulf of Mexico; 1885; Albatross: SE. of Pensa-
cola, Florida; lat. 28° 36’ 15’’ N., long. 86° 50’ 00’’ W.; 347 fathoms;
gy. M.; temperature 44.1° F.; March 13; station 2395, 1 carapace
(20596). S. of Alabama; lat. 29° 03’ 15’’ N., long. 88° 16’ 00’’ W..,
324 fathoms; gy. M.; temperature 46.5° F.; February 11; station
2376; 1 male, holotype, and 1 carapace (9639).

Genus TRICHOPELTARION A. Milne Edwards

Trichopeltarion A. M1LtNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, 1880, p. 19;
type, T. nobile A. Milne Edwards.—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol.
18, 1895, p. 25.

168 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Trichopeltartwm Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, 1899, pp. 96 and 99.

@arapace subcircular, broader than long or nearly as broad as long,
strongly convex, borders spinate. Front prominent, not very broad,
cut into three sharp teeth or spines. Orbits shallow, defined by spines
separated by wide gaps; inner suborbital angle spiniform. Eye-stalks
slender. Basal article of antenna short, subcylindrical; flagellum
coarse, stout, setaceous. Epistome of fair length, fairly well defined,
sunken, and overlapped by the external maxillipeds. Buccal orifice
square-cut, longer than broad, not completely covered by the outer
maxilipeds, which are somewhat elongate and have the merus a
little narrower than the ischium. Efferent branchial channels defined
by ridges which do not reach the epistome. Chelipeds massive and
unequal in the male. Legs stout, hairy, more or less spiny, ending
in stout, styliform dactyli; they are longer and nearly as massive as
the female chelipeds. (After Alcock.)

Caribbean Sea and Indian Ocean, in deep water.

TRICHOPELTARION NOBILE A. Milne Edwards

Plate 73

Trichopeltarion nobile A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880,
p. 20, pl. 2 (type-loeality, off St. Lucia, 151 fathoms; type in Mus. Comp.
Zool).

Diagnosis.—Carapace broader than long; surface thickly velvety
as in Dromia. Median frontal spine shorter than the lateral ones.
Description.—Carapace broader than long, much swollen, covered

with a short thick velvet through which the bare spines protrude; a
prominent median carina. Of the frontal spines the median is shorter
than the lateral. Second movable article of antenna reaching nearly
as far as outer frontal spines. Superior orbital border emarginate,
armed inwardly by a spine enlarged at base, followed by a smaller
middle spine, and an outer, somewhat larger spine; orbit shallow, eye
very slender, much reduced and curved; inner suborbital angle tri-
angular, spine-pointed, directed slightly inward. Orbital and lateral
spires bordered with spines. Antero-lateral borders armed with three
large spines or teeth, bifurcate or trifurcate; the strongest is at the
middle of the branchial region; posterior border ornamented with
pointed tubercles or small spines. Other similar tubercles are found -
in the metabranchial and intestinal regions as well as along the
postero-lateral margins. Branchio-cardiac furrows very deep. Che-
lipeds very unequal; the major (right) one enormous and almost entirely
smooth; some spinules on the posterior margin of the arm, the inner
border of the wrist and the superior border of the palm. Minor che-
liped very small, compressed, hairy and spinous. Legs hairy, rather
long, armed above with a row of spines or spinules which are strongest
on the first leg and diminish on the succeeding legs.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 169

Measurements ——Male holotype, length of carapace 66, width of
same including spines 77, width without spines 65, length of night
cheliped 96, of left cheliped 55 mm.

Range.—Known only from the unique type, taken off St. Lucia, in
151 fathoms, temperature 57° F., station 219, U.S.C.S.S. Blake (3054,

M.C.Z.).
Genus PLIOSOMA Stimpson 5

Pliosoma Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 227 [99];
type, P. parvifrons Stimpson. 7

Body rotund-ovate, longer than wide. Fronto-orbital region very
narrow, tumid. Front shallow, rostrum medially fissured. Eyes
small, retractile, longitudinally extended. Orbits deep, directed an-
teriorly, external angle prominent, upper margin with one fissure.
Basal article of antenna just filling the inner hiatus of the orbit;
movable part of medium size, excluded from orbit. Epistome very
short, almost obsolete, concealed by the apex of the outer maxillipeds.
These last are elongate; distal inner part of ischium produced, merus
notched at inner angle; exognath large, narrowing toward the apex,
armed inwardly with a tooth. Chelipeds very long in well developed
male. Legs slender, first and second pairs cylindrical, first pair much
the longer; third and fourth pairs compressed toward the extremity
and ciliate; dactylus of last pair almost natatory. Sternum anter-
iorly very broad, narrowing behind.

Contains only one species.

PLIOSOMA PARVIFRONS Stimpson
Plate 74

Pliosoma parvifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p-
228 [100], pl. 3, fig. 6 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; types, Cat. No. 2084,
U.S.N.M.; Cat. No. 1242, M.C.Z.).—Rarusun, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
“Hist., vol. 48, 1928, p. 621, pl. 26; p. 636 (megalops), pl. 36, fig. 2.

Diagnosis. Carapace longer than broad. Orbits and eyes directed
forward. Chelipeds and first two legs long and slender. Last two
legs subnatatory.

Description —Carapace convex, pubescent; median regions well
separated from the hepatic and branchial ones. Upper surface armed
with erect blunt spines, as follows: Four large and seven small ones on
the gastric region, the large ones on its posterior part; one on the car-
diac, and one on the intestinal region, curved forward; two on the
inner part of the branchial, and two longer ones on the anterior part
of its lateral margin; two or three small ones on the hepatic region.
In the old, well developed individual the dorsal spines are reduced in
size, the gastric, hepatic, and two inner branchial prominences being
scarcely more than tubercles. There is also a spine on the middle of
the pterygostomian ridge. The fronto-orbital regionYoccupies about

170 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

one-third the width of the carapace in the old, but is proportionally
narrower in the immature. In the old male, the first leg is nearly
twice as long as the carapace; the cheliped is stronger than the legs
and one and two-thirds times as long as the carapace; surface finely
granulate except on distal half of fingers; merus subcylindrical, carpus
subspherical; propodus a little compressed, increasing in width grad-
ually and regularly almost to the fingers where the lower margin bows
outward, giving the fixed finger a sinuous edge and making a consid-
erable gape between the proximal halves of the fingers, into which a
very low, broad tooth projects from the dactylus; meeting edges
crenulate.

Color.—Brownish or buff (Stimpson).

Measurements —Male (60021), length of carapace 20, width of same
18.8, fronto-orbital width 6, width of front 2.2, length of cheliped 34.4,
of first leg 39.4 mm.

Range.—Cape San Lucas; ? Carmen Island.

Material ercamined.—Cape San Lucas, Lower California, Mexico:
J. Xantus; 175 immature cotypes (2084); 12 males, 6 females,
cotypes (1242, M. C. Z.). March 23, 1911; Albatross; 1 male
(60021). A megalops (60065), thought to be this species, was taken on
southeast side of Carmen Island by the Albatross, 1911.

Subfamily ACANTHOCYCLINAE

Cyclinea or Cancroidea Corystidica (Acanthocyclidae) + Bellidea (Bellidae) Dana,
U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, pp. 145, 294, and 403; pt. 2,
1853, pp. 1424 and 1428.

Brachyura orbata Strauu, Monats. k. Pr. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1861 (1862) p. 717.

Bellinae Bouvier, in A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol.
47, 1923, p. 309.

Outer antenna much reduced, with or without movable peduncle
and flagellum; the latter if present are insignificant; the first article
forms the antennal gland, the second is dentiform, lies close to the
outer frontal tooth, and forms a boundary wall closing the inner end
of the orbit. Antennules strongly developed, unable to retract within
their basal cavity. Carapace subcircular or suboblong. Front ending
in a subtriangular point. Epistome very short, sunken.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY ACANTHOCYCLINAE

A!, Carapace broader than long. Antennae terminating at basal article.
Acanthocyclus, p. 171.
A?. Carapace longer than broad. Antennae with two or more articles beyond the

basal article.

B'. Anterior half of carapace wider than posterior half. Pterygostomian
region not advanced beyond line of front___-----_~_-- Corystoides, p. 173.
B?. Anterior half of carapace not wider than posterior half. Pterygostomian
region advanced beyond line of front________--_---_---- Bellia, p. 175.

171

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

Genus ACANTHOCYCLUS Milne Edwards and Lucas

Acanthocyclus MiuNeE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 29; type, A. gayz Milne Edwards and Lucas.

Plagusetes Hevuer, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 12, pt. 1, 1862, p. 522
[4]; type, P. elatus Heller.

Carapace slightly broader than long, rotund, sides dentate, teeth
extending a little way on the postero-lateral margin. Orbit small;
eye short, peduncle stout. Pterygostomian region not prominent.
Front heavily margined, teeth rounded, median tooth much larger
than lateral. The antennae terminate with the basal article. Merus
of outer maxilliped subcircular, with a very shallow distal emar-
gination. Chelipeds stout, very unequal. Dactyli of legs curved,
acuminate. Male abdomen small, narrow.

Three species inhabit the South American coast, so nearly related
that they may easily be mistaken for one another. The differences
are arranged below in tabular form as most convenient for quick

determination.

Characteristics of the species of Acanthocyclus

A, gayi

A. albairossis

Narrow; width 1.05 to 1.08 times
length.

Lateral teeth intermediate_____._-

noni} entire. 22 $4 22 325) a

Dactyli of ambulatory legs short,
much curved from base.

End of basal antennal
swollen in a wide,
round protuberance
over on to the front.

article
smooth,
curving,

Abdomen of male narrow; sides of
fourth, fifth, and sixth segments
subparallel.

Both carapace and legs very hairy -

Carapace almost smooth

Ischium joints of maxillipeds with
inner margins subparallel, but
leaving a wide hiatus.

Merus joints of maxillipeds with
their outer margins subparallel
and continuous with the outer
margins of the ischium joints.

Orbit viewed from above less than
twice as wide as deep.

Width intermediate, 1.08 to 1.13
times length.

Teeth prominent, acute___________|

A. hassleri

Wide; width 1.16 times length.
Teeth appressed.

Front faintly bilobed______________ | Front entire.

Dactyli long, little curved ______-__

| Dactyli short, much curved.

Antennal article not swollen at the | Antennal article as in albatrossis

very end, but furnished with a
blunt, projecting tooth, between
which and the front a narrow
furrow runs.

Abdomen wide; sides of the sixth
segment convex, of fifth concave,
of third and fourth converging
distally.

Thess haity.2 shes 45 Aaa ado A Be

Carapace tuberculate or granulate_

Ischium joints with inner margins
in contact.

Merus joints divergent, i. e., their
outer margins make quite an
angle with the outer margin of
the ischium joint.

Orbit viewed from above less than

| twice as wide as deep.

Abdomen intermediate; sides of
the sixth segment convex, of
fifth straight, of third and
fourth converging distally.

Less hairy.

Carapace tuberculate.

Ischium joints with inner mar-
gins diverging anteriorly; gape
less than in gayi.

Merus joints similar to those of
gayi.

Orbit viewed from above more
than twice as wide as deep.

ACANTHOCYCLUS GAYI Milne Edwards and Lucas

Plate 75; Plate 76, Figure 4

Acanthocyclus gayi Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. |’Amér.
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 30; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 15, fig. 1-1f (type-
locality, coasts of Valparaiso; cotype in Paris Mus., and in Mus. Phila.
Acad. Sci.) —Nicouet, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 176.—
Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 295; atlas, 1855,
pl. 18, figs. 4a-c—Hr.urr, Reise Fregatte Novara, vol. 2, pt. 3, Crust.,
1865, p. 70.—?CunninGHAM, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 494;
Lota.—Kinastey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1880, p.37.—RatTuHBoun,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 597.—Lxrnz, Zool. Jahrb., suppl.
5, vol. 2, 1902, p. 753; Tumbes, Taleahuano, Cavancha.

172 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Acanthocyclus villosus Strant, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1861 (1862), p. 714,
plate, 1 fig. (type-locality, Chile; type in Berlin Mus.).

Plagusetes elatus HELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 12, pt. 1, 1862,
p. 522 [4] (type-locality, Chile; type in Vienna Mus.).

Description.—See page 171.

Color.—Male (61569), dark blackish olive, lighter behind, where
it is suffused with tawny olive; legs tawny olive, especially propodi;
carpi and meri darker; al! articulations whitish; dactyli with blackish
olive spot on upper margin; under side of crab and lower two thirds
of palms white. (Schmitt.)

Measurements.—Male (17617), length of carapace 21.5, width of
same 23.2 mm.

Range.—Tumbes, Peru, to Lota, Chile.

Material ecamined.—

PERU.—Salavery; Oct. 19, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 2 females, 2
young (60843).

San Lorenzo Island; Dr. H. E. Ames, U.S. Navy; 1 male (17617).

Mollendo; J. Orton; 1 ovigerous female (61991), received from
Boston Society of Natural History.

Peru; 1 male (M.C.Z.).

CHILE.—Tocopilla; November 14, 1926; W.L. Schmitt; 2 males,
2 females (60842).

Antofagasta: November 1914; J. N. Rose; 1 carapace (49060),
from Carnegie Institution of Washington. W.L.Schmitt; November
15, 1 female (61568); November 16, 1 male (61569).

Valparaiso: 1 female, cotype (Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.).
Hassler Exped.; 1 male (M.C.Z.). January 6, 1927; W. L. Schmitt;
1 immature female (61993).

Taleahuano; 1 female (M.C.Z.).

Lota; January 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 ovigerous female
(61994). )

Chile: 1838-1842; U. S. Exploring Expedition; 1 female (Mus.
Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.). 1 specimen, cotype of A. villosus (Berlin
Mus.).

ACANTHOCYCLUS ALBATROSSIS Rathbun
Plate 76, Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6; Plate 77

Acanthocyclus gayi StRAHL, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1861 (1862), p. 713,
plate, 2 figs.; not A. gayi Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1844.—?M1rErs,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 69; Isthmus Bay, Sts. Magellan.

Acanthocyclus gay Taratoni-Tozzerti, Zool. Magenta, vol. 1, 1877, p. 95, pl. 7,

fig. la-f; west coast of Patagonia.

Acanthocyclus albatrossis RatHBuN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 599
(type-locality, Port Otway; type, Cat. No. 21589, U.S.N.M.).—LEwNz,
Zool. Jahrb., suppl. 5, vol. 2, 1902, p. 753; Cavancha and Almirantazgo,
Tierra del Fuego.—Strssine, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914, p. 344; Roy
Cove, Falkland Islands.

Description.—See page 171.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA M3

Measurements —Male (Puerto Harris), length of carapace 26.2,
width of same 29.3 mm.

Range.—From Talcahuano, Chile, to the Falkland Islands.

Material ecamined.—

CHILE.—Talcahuano: 1 male, 2 young (M.C.Z.). January 15,
1927; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males, 1 female, 3 young (61995).

Corral; January 20, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males, 2 females, 6
1927; young (61992).

San Carlos, Chiloe Island; 1 female (M.C.Z.).

Port Otway (now Port Barroso); February 9-10, 1888; Albatross;
3 males (1 is holotype), 11 females (21589).

Eden Harbor, Smith Canal: 30 males and females (M.C.Z.).
Paessler collector; 1 female (48316), received from Munich Mus.

Latitude Cove; February 6, 1888; Albatross; 4 males,
1 female (22053).

Mayne Harbor; 3 males (M.C.Z.).

Puerto Harris, Dawson Island; February, 1921;
Exped. Facult. Ciencias; 4 males, 2 females; lent by
Buenos Aires Mus. (12710). ih

FALKLAND ISLANDS.—Teal Inlet; April 2-4, an
1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young female (61996).

Port Stanley; April 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males,
2 females (60841).

FIGURE 28.—ACAN-

ACANTHOCYCLUS HASSLERI Rathbun THOCYCLUS HASS-
i LERI, MALE AB-
Plate 76, Figure 1 See x2

Acanthocyclus hassleri Ratupun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21,
1898, p. 599, pl. 48, fig. 1 (abdomen) (type-locality, Valparaiso; holotype,
Cat. No. 4889, M.C.Z.).—LEnz, Zool. Jahrb., suppl. 5, vol. 2, 1902, p. 754;
Cavancha.

Description.—See page 171. in small specimens the rim of the
median frontal tooth has a tendency to divide in the middle.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 16, width of
same 18.6 mm. Male (3265), length 12, width 13.9 mm. Male
(Cavancha), length 22, width 25 mm. (Lenz).

Range.—Panama to Valparaiso, Chile.

Material ecamined.—Panama; John M. Dow; 2 males, 1 female
(3265). Valparaiso; Hassler Exped.; 1 male holotype (4889, M.C.Z.).

Genus CORYSTOIDES Milne Edwards and Lucas

Corystoides MitNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. ’Amér. Mérid., vol.
6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 31; type, C. chilensis Milne Edwards and Lucas.—A.
Minne Epwarps and Bouvisr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923,
p. 307.

Carapace longer than broad, convex, dentate on the sides and
rounded posteriorly, somewhat truncate anteriorly. Front little

174 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

advanced, tridentate. Ocular peduncles elongate, slender, stout at
base, situated in small orbits. The second or basal article of the
antenna is soldered to the infero-external surface of the frontal
tooth along with the two last peduncular articles; at the end of the
peduncle may be seen a rudimentary flagellum formed of two or
three extremely short and narrow articles which are soldered to the
peduncle and to each other and which seem also to be glued to the
same surface of the frontal tooth. Buccal area longer than broad,
narrowed forward; outer maxillipeds elongate, obliquely placed.
Legs narrow, of moderate length. Male abdomen narrow, third,
fourth, and fifth segments fused.
Contains only one species.

CORYSTOIDES CHILENSIS Milne Edwards and Lucas
Plate 78

Corystoides chilensis Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér.
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 32; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 16, figs. 1-le (type-
locality, coasts of Valparaiso; type in Paris Museum).—NIco.er, in Gay,
Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, Crust., 1849, p. 179.—Porrtrr, Revista Chilena
Hist. Nat., vol. 22, 1918, p. 52. ;

Corystoides abbreviatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, 1880,
p. 20 (type-locality, Rio de la Plata, below Montevideo; cotypes in M.C.Z.,
Paris Mus., and U.S.N.M.).—Bovvisr, in A. Minne Epwarps and BovuviEr,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1928, p. 309, pl. 2, fig. 7; pl. 4, fig. 6; pl. 5,
Hf Cee

Diagnosis.—Anterior half of carapace wider than posterior half and
bearing conspicuous raised bead granules. Pterygostomian region
not advanced beyond the line of the front. Dactyli of legs slender.

Description.—Carapace irregularly granulate anteriorly and at the
sides, posteriorly almost smooth; some depressions in the median line.
Antero-lateral borders armed with six teeth on each side, third and
fourth most pronounced, second and sixth reduced; these teeth and
those which form the front are finely granulate on the upper edge, with
a large bead granule at the tip of each tooth, except the median ros-
tral tooth which has two beads side by side. Antennules ciliated.
Pterygostomian region very prominent and granulated. Outer
maxillipeds finely punctate, ischium with a longitudinal groove.
Chelipeds finely granulate except the first three articles which are
smooth; fingers long, curved, strongly denticulate on inner margin.
Legs smooth, ciliated. Sternum finely punctate.

Color.—Yellowish white (Milne Edwards and Lucas). Bright red,
in life (Porter).

Measurements —Length of carapace 27, width of same 22 mm.
(Milne Edwards and Lucas). Male, length 18, width 16 mm. (Bou-
vier for chilensis). Male, length 20, width 18 mm. (Milne Edwards
and Bouvier for abbreviatus).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 175

Range.—Chile: Valparaiso (Milne Edwards and Lucas); Curanipe,
province of Maule (Porter). Uruguay.

Material ecamined.—

PATAGONIA.—Dr. Wilson; 1 male (Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.),
labeled ‘‘type.”

URUGUAY.—Rio de la Plata, below Montevideo; lat. 35° 12’ S.,
long. 55° 30’ W.; 7 fathoms; February 29, 1872; station 25, Hassler
expedition; 3 males, 3 females, cotypes (18509), received from Mus.
Comp. Zo6l.; 12 male and female (3961, M.C.Z.).

Genus BELLIA Milne Edwards

Bellia MitNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 9, 1848, p. 192; type,
B. picta Milne Edwards.—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1,
1852, p. 403; part 2, 1853, p. 1428—Bovvisr, in A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, pp. 308 and 309.

Carapace elongate, oblong, high, anteriorly dentate. Ocular

peduncles short. Pterygostomian region prominent, well advanced
beyond the margin of the front and forming below the orbit a thin
plate which underlaps the infero-orbital tooth. Between this tooth
and the outer frontal tooth there is wedged a smaller triangular tooth
which represents the basal article of the antenna. From the posterior
half of the upper surface of the latter springs the movable part of the
peduncle which is free, directed obliquely forward and consists of a
stout article followed by a more slender one, on the end of which there
is a minute lump, the rudiment of a flagellum. Outer maxillipeds
similar to those of Corystoides except that the merus is not notched
at the antero-internal angle. Legs stout, dactyli dilated. Male
abdomen subtriangular, short and broad.

Contains only one species.

BELLIA PICTA Milne Edwards
Plate 79

Bellia picta MiLNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 9, 1848, p. 192
(type-locality, Bay of Saint Nicolas, Peru; type in Paris Mus.).—Porrer,
Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 22, 1918, p. 52; Antofagasta.

Piagnosis.—Anterior half of carapace not wider than posterior half;
no conspicuous granules. Pterygostomian region advanced beyond
the line of the front. Dactyli of legs enlarged.

Description—Regions fairly well indicated. Surface finely and
densely granulated. Antero-lateral margin cut into six very irregular
blunt teeth of which the first (or orbital) and second are distant and
the third and sixth are reduced. Behind the teeth a raised granulate
line is continued along the margin of the middle third of the carapace
and is punctuated by several elongate tubercles. Lower side margins
of carapace fringed with hair. Teeth of front subequal, the median
shightly surpassing the lateral. Eyes small, well protected by the

176 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

:

orbits. Upper orbital suture short but deep. Antennules heavily
ciliated as is also the pterygostomian ridge, which is visible in dorsal
view below and outside the antero-lateral dentation. Chelipeds
unarmed; surface similar to that of carapace; merus and carpus cili-
ated; prehensile edge of fingers closely and evenly dentate. Dactyli
of legs of first three pairs broad especially at middle, midrib thick;
dactylus of last pair flat, broad-lanceolate, natatory. The last pro-
podus also short and broad; dactylus fringed below, next three
articles fringed on both margins.

Color.—Generally yellowish, with a multitude of irregular and con-
fluent red spots.

Measurements.—Male (22066), length of carapace 53.3, width of
same 49, fronto-orbital width 16.8, front between tips of outer teeth
6.1 mm.

Range.—Peru and Chile.

Material examined.—

PERU.—Independencia Bay; 1919; Robert Cushman Murphy; 1
female (54211) received from Brooklyn Museum; 1 male (Brooklyn
Mus.).

CHILE.—Lotea; 1888; Albatross; 7 males, 2 females, 26 young
(22066).

Family CANCRIDAE

Cancridae Aucock (part: Cancrinae+ Pirimelinae), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol.
68, 1899, p. 94.

Carapace broadly oval, front with several teeth, one of which is
median. Antennules folded lengthwise. Antennal flagella present,
short, more or less hairy. Third maxillipeds usually overlapping

endostome.
Genus CANCER Linnaeus .

Cancer Linnaxus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 625; type, C. pagurus Lin-
naecus.
Alpheus Wrser, Nomenclator Entomologicus, 1795, p. 91; type, A. pagurus
(Linnaeus). Not Alpheus Fabricius, Suppl. Entom. Syst., 1798, p. 380.
Pagurus BERTHOLD, Latreille’s Natiirliche Familien des Thierreichs, 1827, p. 255;
type, P. pagurus (Linnaeus). Not Pagurus Fabricius, Syst. Entom., 1775,
p. 410.

Trichocera DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 4 and 16; type T. gibbosula
(de Haan). Not Trichocera Meigen, Illig. Mag., vol. 2, 1803.

Platycarcinus Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 412; type,
P. pagurus (Linnaeus).

Romaleon GisteL, Natur. des Thierreichs, 1848, p. 11. Substituted for T'rr-
chocera.

Metacarcinus A. Mitne Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 4, vol. 18, 1862,
p. 33; type, M. magister (Dana).

Trichocarcinus Mixers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 34; type, 7. gibbosula
(de Haan). Substituted for T'richocera.

Carapace transversely subelliptical, often indistinctly areolated.
Front narrow, cut into five teeth or lobes, those of the outer pair form-

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA Aas

ing the inner angles of the orbit. Eyestalks short; orbits small, with
two fissures in both upper and lower margins. Basal article of an-
tenna usually somewhat enlarged and united with the front, thus
excluding the flagellum from the orbit.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CANCER

A!. Antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins meeting at a distinct angle.

Lateral teeth 9, 10 or 11; carapace widest at ninth or tenth (sometimes
eighth) tooth.

B!. Branchial regions not nearly meeting on median line.

C!. Front between the eyes markedly produced beyond outer orbital
angles and formed of 5 subequal teeth. Fingers of chelipeds dark-
TLRS Cle ne enn A eee productus, p. 203.

C2, Front between the eyes not markedly produced beyond outer orbital
angles and formed of 5 unequal teeth.

D!, Antero-lateral teeth 10, carapace widest at tenth tooth. Postero-
lateral margin of carapace unbroken, entire. Fingers without
Gari COLOR Mays vaumumemrere iNest Malle Deb unrs 2 os magister, p. 222.

D2. Antero-lateral teeth 9, carapace widest at ninth (sometimes
eighth) tooth. Postero-lateral margin of carapace with one,
two or three small teeth or notches.

E!. Antero-lateral margin of merus of outer maxilliped arcuate.
First 8 antero-lateral teeth of carapace projecting less
than one-third the width of base, not spiny-pointed.
Fingers without dark color___--_------- gracilis, p. 219.

E2. Anterior and outer margins of merus of outer maxilliped
nearly straight and meeting at a blunt angle. (Maxilliped
of luederwaldti not known.)

F!, Fingers wholly light colored. Carapace coarsely
granulate.
G'!. Edge of antero-lateral teeth entire. Chelipeds
granulate, not denticulate____- irroratus, p. 180.
G?. Edge of antero-lateral teeth denticulate. Upper
margin of palm denticulate_-_-_- borealis, p. 182.
F?. Fingers partially or almost entirely dark colored.
G!. Antero-lateral teeth dentiform, more or less pro-
jecting.

H!, Antero-lateral teeth not prominent, projecting
at the utmost scarcely more than half the
width at base.

J', Carapace slightly uneven. Edges of lat-
eral teeth denticulate. Median tooth
of front very narrow, subacute.

anthonyi, p. 218.

J?. Carapace very uneven especially in female.
Edges of lateral teeth entire. Median
tooth of front blunt or subtruncate.

amphioetus, p. 205.

H?. Antero-lateral teeth prominent, projecting from
a half to two-thirds or more of the width at
base; teeth sharp-pointed, hooked forward,
posterior margins convex, anterior concave.

79856—30——_13

178 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

J'. A postero-lateral spine, not projecting
sideways beyond the carapace margin.
A strong tooth at middle of supraorbital
TAT Pie * eee eres branneri, p. 211.

J?. No superimposed spine on posterior mar-

gin of carapace.

K’. A strong tooth at middle of supra-
orbital margin. Carapace widest
at eighth tooth. Lateral teeth
denticulate on anterior margin. A
single tooth or spine on wrist.

antennarius, p. 210.

K?. No strong tooth but a shallow lobe at
middle of supraorbital margin. Car-
apace widest at ninth tooth.

L!. Movable finger spinous above.
Lateral teeth with spinous mar-

gins. Carapace and legs coarse-

ly bairy == 2 polyodon, p. 202.

L?. Movable finger granulate above.
Lateral teeth with granulate

margins and a slender spine at

tip. Downy-hairy. Size small.

jordani, p. 215.

G?. Antero-lateral teeth truncate or subtruncate.

H!, Edge of antero-lateral teeth denticulate or
lobulate; first tooth narrower than the
others.

J'. Outer orbital tooth not dentiform. Cara-
pace very convex. Basal article of
antenna twice as long as broad.

edwardsii, p. 193.

J?, Outer orbital (half of the first antero-
lateral) tooth small, triangular, acute.
Carapace moderately convex. Basal
article of antenna about two-thirds as
broad asilongee ss plebejus, p. 198.

H?. Edge of antero-lateral teeth entire; first
tooth as wide as any of the next five; closed
sinuses deep, more than half as long as
width of teeth. Basal article of antenna
more than twice as long as wide.

luederwaldti, p. 200.

B*. Branchial regions nearly meeting on median line. First antero-lateral
(orbital) tooth wider than any of the next 7 teeth_____ porteri, p. 199.

A2, Antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins not meeting at a distinct angle.
Lateral teeth 12 or 13; carapace widest at seventh or eighth tooth. Dark

color of fingers reaching nearly to their bases__---__-_ oregonensis, p. 226.
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF CANCER ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
borealis edwardsit
i orteri
luederwaldtt J P

| plebejus

.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 179

INDETERMINABLE SPECIES

Cancer amoenus Hrergst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, 1799, p. 64,
pl. 49, fig. 3 (type-locality unknown; type not extant).

NOMEN NUDUM

Pirimela chilensis Puiuirr1, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 16, 1894, p. 264. Probably a
young Cancer.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIMENS OF CANCER 20 MM. AND LESS IN WIDTH #3

A), Antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins meeting at a distinct angle.
Carapace widest at ninth or tenth antero-lateral tooth.

B!. Carapace widest at tenth and last antero-lateral tooth; postero-lateral
margin unbroken, entire. Carpus of cheliped with a single spine above,
at distal angle; fingers light colored____.. ...._.---magister, p. 222.

B?. Carapace widest at ninth antero-lateral tooth.

C!. Branchial regions not nearly meeting on median line.
D'. First postero-lateral tooth prominent.
E'. First postero-lateral tooth usually spiny pointed, never
broadly rounded.

F!. Carpus of cheliped with two prominent spines (not
counting that at articulation), one spine above at
distal end and the second below it at inner angle.

G!. First postero-lateral tooth projecting laterally.
beyond carapace as seen from above. Carapace
comparatively smooth, without pubescence.
Fingers without dark color____-- gracilis, p. 219.

G2. First postero-lateral tooth projecting dorsally,
not reaching beyond outline as seen from above;
carapace hairy, rough; antero-lateral teeth spiny
pointed. Fingers with color across middle,
tips light.

H!,. Antero-lateral teeth conspicuously alternating
large and small. A tooth at middle of
supra-orbital margin. Outer maxillipeds
fitting in buecal cavity---branneri, p. 211i.

H2, Antero-lateral teeth very long, denticulate,
slightly alternating in size. A rounded lobe
at middle of supra-orbital margin Outer
maxillipeds overreaching epistome.

polyodon, p. 202.

F’. Carpus of cheliped with only one prominent spine on
inner side that at distal end.

G!. A tooth at middle of supra-orbital margin. An-
tero-lateral teeth prominent, curved forward.
Sometimes an inconspicuous spine present at
inner angle of carpus. Fingers mostly dark,
Gis oh ee a ee ee antennarius, p. 218.

G?. Middle of supra-orbital margin truncate. Antero-
lateral teeth shallow. Distal half of fingers
light brown except tips which are whitish.

borealis, p. 182.
E?. First postero-lateral tooth broadly rounded, never spiniforns.
a second tooth usually present.

23 Young of C. luederwaldti not known.

180 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

F', Second postero-lateral tooth absent. Ninth lateral
tooth strongly produced. Middle of supra-orbital
Margin truncate: sete ele irroratus, p. 180.

F?. Second postero-lateral tooth present.

G'. Antero-lateral teeth simple, not denticulate nor
lobulate; seventh tooth enlarged and promi-
nent; width of carapace nearly or quite as
great at seventh as at ninth tooth. Carapace

very uneven, lumpy_-_-_-_- amphioetus, p. 205.
G?, Antero-lateral teeth denticulate or lobulate and
subtruncate.

H!', Antero-lateral teeth 1 to 8 bidenticulate, the
denticles alternating large and small. Median
tooth of front very small, not advanced
beyond adjacent pair. Middle projection
of supra-orbital border a shallow tooth or lobe.

edwardsii, p. 193.

H?. Antero-lateral teeth multidenticulate. Med-
ian tooth of front well advanced beyond
adjacent pair. Middle portion of supra-
orbital border truncate_-_-___- plebejus, p. 198.

D?. First postero-lateral tooth absent or represented by a rudiment.
E!. Hairy all over. Antero-lateral teeth alternately large
and small, more or less narrowly triangular, spiny pointed.

Middle portion of supra-orbital margin a shallow lobe.

! jordani, p. 215.

E?. Dorsal surface naked or nearly so. Antero-lateral teeth not

regularly alternating (except in anthonyi 5 mm. wide or
less).

Fi. Carapace naked, nearly smooth. Interocular frontal
teeth united in a flat, produced lamina with arcuate
edge, the teeth indicated by closed fissures. Antero-
lateral teeth never spiny-pointed. Middle of supra-
orbital margin subtruncate______---- productus, p. 203.

F?, Carapace uneven, lumpy. Frontal teeth thick, sub-
acute. Antero-lateral teeth broadly triangular be-
coming quite blunt anteriorly. Middle of supra-
orbital margin a shallow tooth or lobe_anthonyi, p. 218.

C2, Branchial regions nearly meeting on median line. Interocular front
well advanced beyond outer orbital angle, and divided into 5 very
shallow lobes. Edge of middle of supra-orbital margin concave.

porteri, p. 199.
A?. Antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins not meeting at a distinct angle.
Lateral teeth 12 or 13; carapace widest at seventh or eighth tooth. Three
middle teeth of front truncate. Fingers almost wholly dark colored.
oregonensis, p. 226.
CANCER IRRORATUS Say
ROCK CRAB
Plate 85, Figure 1

Cancer irroratus Say (part, male), Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1,
1817, p. 59, pl. 4, fig. 2 (type-locality, ‘‘inhabits the ocean”’; type not extant).
—Smiru, Rept. U. 8. Commr. Fisheries, vol. 1, for 1871 and 1872 (1873),
pp. 312 [18], 580 [236], 546 [252]—R. Ratusun, Fisheries and Fishery

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 181

Industries of U. S., sec. 1, 1884, p. 766, pl. 260, figs. 1-3—Sumner, Bull.
Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, 1911, part 2, 1913, p. 671.—Hay and Snorg, Bull.
Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 435, pl. 35, fig. 1.

Platycarcinus irroratus M1tNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 414.—
DerKay, Nat. Hist. New York, pt. 6, Crust., 1844, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Cancer sayi Gouutp, Rept. Invert. Massachusetts, ed. 1, 1841, p. 323 (type-
localities, Cape Ann, Nahant, etc.; types not located).

Platycarcinus sayi DrKay, Nat. Hist. New York, pt. 6, Crust., 1844, p. 7.

Cancer borealis Packarp, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, 1867, pl 303;
not C. borealis Stimpson.

Cancer amoenus CoNNOLLY, Contrib. Canad. Biol., n. s., vol. 1, 1923, p. 337,
text-figs. 1 and 2, pls. 1-4. Not Cancer amoenus Herbst, 1799.

Diagnosis —Nine antero-lateral and two postero-lateral teeth, the
last one obscure; edges entire. Chelipeds granulate, not denticulate.

FIGURE 29.—CANCER IRRORATUS, MALE, DORSAL VIEW, REDUCED. AFTER R. RATHBUN

Description —Carapace convex, uneven, finely granulate. Antero-
lateral teeth 9, the first one broad and in part produced to form the
orbital tooth; teeth shallow, edge granulate, the notches between
them continued on the carapace as short, closed fissures giving a
pentagonal aspect to the teeth. Postero-lateral margin a raised
granulate carina furnished with two teeth, the one nearest the lateral
angle small, the other obscure. The median tooth of the front is
the most advanced and depressed.

Chelipeds shorter than first pair of legs, granulate; upper margin
of merus ending in a short, subdistal tooth; carpus with granulated
ridgés and a sharp pyramidal inner tooth; manus with 6 longitudinal
costae, the two lower ones continued on the finger, the upper one
cristate. Legs rather long, compressed; merus of first and second
pairs extending well beyond carapace. Side margins of 5th—6th
abdominal segment in male converging distally.

182 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CVolor—Ground white or yellowish, covered with small, irregular,
purplish or crimson spots formed by minute rings; color darkest on
the nodules. Lower half of chelipeds white. Legs sparingly purplish
above, darker at distal end of the merus. Some specimens have a
great deal of yellow in the ground color, especially on the legs.

Measurements.—Male (14822), length of carapace 87.2, width of
same 135.5, fronto-obrital width 32, width of front between antennae
12 mm.

Range.—Labrador to South Carolina. Under stones, low water,
to 314 fathoms.

Material ecamined.—See table, pages 183-192.

FIGURE 30,—CANCER BOREALIS, MALE, CASCO BAY, DORSAL VIEW, REDUCED. AFTER S. I.
SMITH

CANCER BOREALIS Stimpson
JONAH CRAB

Cancer trroraius Say (part, 2), Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817,
p. 60.—Goutp, Rept. Invert. Massachusetts, ed. 1, 1841, p. 322.

Platycarcinus trroratus Gippes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 176
[12].

Cancer borealis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 50
(locality, Nova Scotia to Cape Cod; types not extant)—R. RaTuHBUN,
Fisheries and Fishery Industries of U. 8., sec. 1, 1884, p. 769, pl. 260, figs.
4-6.—Sumner, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, 1911, pt. 2, 1913, p. 672.—Hay
and Snore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 484, pl. 35,
fig. 2, and synonymy.

Diagnosis.—Teeth of lateral margins with denticulate edges. Car-
apace very rough with irregular granules.

183

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Deseription.—Similar to C. irroratus. Antero-lateral margins more
broadly rounded; surface much rougher with coarse uneven granules;
carapace higher, the convexity ending rather steeply at the dentate
rim; lateral teeth with denticulate edges; behind the two postero-
lateral teeth there are in old specimens one or two more smaller
teeth indicated by slight notches. Chelipeds heavier and rougher;
hand high, 7 coarsely granulate carinae on outer-upper surface, the
uppermost one denticulate; movable finger with a very rough upper
margin; ambulatory legs correspondingly rough. Side margins of
5th-6th abdominal segments in male more nearly parallel than in
trroratus.

Color—Brick red above, yellowish beneath, the limbs corresponding
more or less in coloration with the lower surface, but of a light red-
dish tint above.

Measurements—Male (2134), length of carapace 97.8, width of
same 154, fronto-orbital width 36, width of front between antennae
13.6 mm.

FIGURE 31.—CANCER BOREALIS, MALE, CASCO BAY, REDUCED. a. RIGHT
CHELA. 06. LEFT CHELA. AFTER S. I. SMITH

-Range.—Nova Scotia to Florida; Bermudas. Among rocks, be-
tween tides to 435 fathoms.
Material excamined.—See table, pages 194-197.

CANCER EDWARDSI Bell
Plate 80; Plate 85, Figure 2

Cancer edwardsii Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87 (type-locality
near Valparaiso; types not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835,
p. 338, pl. 44; pl. 47, figs. 2 and 3— Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust..
pt. 1, 1852, p. 153 (part; not C. novae-zelandiae Jacquinot).—KINAHAN,
Journ. Roy. Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, 1858, p. 336—A. Mitnr Epwarps, Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 1, 1866, p. 193.—Mrrs, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, 1881, p. 63.

Platycarcinus edwardsii Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér.
Mérid. vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 20.—Nicotet, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol.
3, Crust., 1849, p. 144.

Cancer edwardsi Mrisrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881,. p. 67.

Cancer edwardsii var. annulipes Mirrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 63:
(type-locality, Trinidad Channel; type in Brit. Mus.).

Cancer edwardsi var. annulipes Mrmrs, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881,. p. 67.

79856—30——14

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 197

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Diagnosis —Carapace very convex, teeth
not prominent. Outer orbital angle not form-
ing a tooth. Basal article of antenna twice
as long as broad. Legs naked.

Description.—Carapace very convex, except
for the marginal rim; cardiac region deeply
outlined; otherwise the surface is slightly
uneven; granulation visible to naked eye,
coarser on elevations; antero-lateral margin
multidenticulate or lobulate, divided by closed
fissures into 9 rather obscure teeth. One
well-defined postero-lateral tooth followed by
one or two slight emarginations. The three
frontal teeth between the antennae are short,
thick and lobiform, the median the smallest
and very little overreaching the adjacent
pair. Outer orbital angle not advanced in
a tooth; extremity of basal article of an-
tennae thick and blunt, followed by a small
lobe on the orbital margin. Outer margin
of merus of outer maxilliped oblique, form-
ing a slightly obtuse angle with the anterior °
margin. Palm with 5 outer and 2 upper
carinae; interspaces crossed by transverse
rugae. Black color of fingers reaching two-
thirds their length from the tips. Legs of
moderate length, bare, coarsely granulate;
dactyls thick, tapering regularly to the long
curved tips.

Color —Above reddish-brown, beneath yel-
low mottled with reddish (Bell). Young male
(annulipes Miers), prevailing color light yellow
varied with blotches of dark purplish brown;
joints of legs regularly annulated with broad
bands of same color.

Measurements —Female (14844), length of
carapace 85, width of same 126, fronto-orbital
width 27.8, width of front between antennae
9.8, width between tips of inner orbital teeth
14 mm.

Range.—Kcuador; Peru; Chile as far south
as Trinidad Channel.

Material examined.—Guayaquil, Ecuador;

| specimen in Copenhagen Mus.

Callao, Peru; 4 specimens (Paris Mus.).

198 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Valparaiso, Chile; specimen in Copenhagen Mus.

Talcahuano, Chile; January 15, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young male
(62361).

Talcahuano or Lota; January 15 or 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1
female (61080).

Lota; January 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 5 females (61079).

West coast of South America; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 1
female (14844).

CANCER PLEBEJUS Poeppig
Plate 81; Plate 82, Figure 1; Plate 85, Figure 3

?Cancer coronatus Mouina, Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili, 1782, p. 207,
(type-locality, Chile; type not extant); French translation, 1789, p. 183.
Cancer irroratus Brun, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87; Trans. Zool.
Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835, p. 340, pl. 46; pl. 47, figs. 6 and 7.— HELLER, Reise
Novara, Zool., vol. 2, 1865, p. 6—Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, vol. 2, 1902,

p. 759. Not C. trroratus Say.

Cancer plebejus Porrria, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 134 (type-locality,.
on muddy shores, Chile; type in Mus. Zool. Univ. Leipzig —Krnanan,
Journ. Roy. Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, 1858, p. 335.—Mrrrs, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, 1881, p. 67.—Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 425.—
RatuBwun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 581; vol. 38, 1910, p.
539, pl. 38, fig. 1.

Platycarcinus irroratus Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér.
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 19.—Nico.et, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849,
p. 142; not C. zrroratus Say nor C. amaeneus Herbst.

Cancer plebeius Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 155.—
A. Mitnge Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 1, 1866, p. 188.

Diagnosis.—First antero-lateral (orbital) tooth narrower than any
of the others. Basal antennal article about two-thirds as broad as
long. Chelipeds narrow, merus widening distally very little. Black
of fingers restricted on outer margin to one-fourth or less of their
length.

Description.—Carapace very broad-oval; nearly smooth, having a
fine depressed granulation, convex, not very uneven; antero-lateral °
teeth 9, shallow, edge crenate or denticulate, first 7 teeth truncate,
lobiform, last two dentiform; one strong postero-lateral tooth, follow-
ed sometimes by a slight notch. Fronto-orbital distance less than
one-fourth width of carapace; frontal teeth between the antennae
triangular, median one narrower and more projecting; inner orbital
tooth short, outer tooth little advanced, forming part of the first
antero-lateral tooth. Tooth of basal antennal article large, triangular
in cross-section, flat below, well advanced. The outer maxillipeds
overlap and conceal the epistome; the truncate distal margin of the
merus makes a slightly acute angle with the outer margin, the outer
corner rounded. Merus of cheliped with 2 triangular acute teeth at
end of upper margin; inner tooth of carpus acute; palm with 4 outer
and 2 upper carinae, the uppermost spinous, the next spinulous; upper

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 199

surface of movable finger also spinulous; dark color of fingers covering
prehensile edge and extending but a short distance on outer margins.
Legs nearly naked.

Oolor.—A light lively red above, with several curved lines of white
spots over the branchial and hepatic regions, a white lengthened spot
on each side of the genital region, and a white mark like a V over the
intestinal region. The anterior feet are of a darkish red above, the
remaining legs dotted with purplish red. Under side whitish (Bell).

Measurements—Male (2376), length of carapace 68.9, width of
same 117.2, fronto-orbital width 28, width of front between antennae
9, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 13.2 mm.

Range.—From Callao, Peru, to Port Otway, Magallanes Territory,
Chile. To a depth of 6 fathoms (Miers).

Material examined.—Callao, Peru; May 18, 1908; R. E. Coker;
specimen returned to Peruvian Government.

Peru; specimens in Paris Museum.

Valparaiso, Chile; J. D. Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition; 1 male
(2376), 4 young (2375). November 1883; Dr. W.H Jones, U.S. Navy;
1 female (14845).

Talcahuano; low tide; January 15, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male
(61086).

Lota; February 15, 1888; Albatross; 1 male, 2 females (21975).

Port Otway; February 9, 1888; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (21976).

CANCER PORTERI,*4 new name
BOCO
Plates 83 and 84; Plate 85, Figure 4

Cancer longipes Bruu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 87 (type-locality,
near Valparaiso; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835, p.
337, pl. 43; pl. 47, fig. 1. Not C. longipes Linnaeus, 1758.—Kinanan, Journ.
Roy. Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, 1858, p. 336.—A. Minne Epwarps, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 1, 1866, p. 199.—Mrsrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol.
17, 1886, p. 110.—Orrmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 18938, p. 424.—
Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 16.—LeEnz, Zool. Jahrb.,
Suppl. 5, vol. 2, 1902, p. 760.

Platycarcinus longipes MitNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. |’Amér.
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 20.—Nricotzt, in Gay, Hist Chile, vol. 3, 1849,
p. 144.

Diagnosis —Branchial regions nearly meeting on median line.
First antero-lateral (orbital) tooth wider than any of the next 7 teeth.
Basal article of antennae nearly as broad as long.

Description.—Similar to C. plebeyus. Carapace narrower and more
convex; inner branchial regions swollen and nearly meeting in the
median line; cardiac and metagastric regions correspondingly de-
pressed; surface densely granulate, granules visible to naked eye.

24 For Prof. Carlos E. Porter, of Santiago, Chile.

200 #£BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Antero-lateral margin with a coarsely granulate or crenulate edge,
cut into 9 teeth or lobes which are shallower than in plebejus, each
tooth having a slightly projecting point; first tooth broadest, com-
posed of the small, triangular outer tooth of the orbit joined to a
truncate strip of the anterior margin; 2 postero-lateral teeth, the outer
one better defined. Teeth of front broadly triangular, the blunt
median tooth only slightly depressed and overreaching the adjacent
pair but little; the teeth of this pair directed obliquely outward. Inner
orbital tooth subacute, tooth of basal antennal article narrower and
more produced, and followed by a small tooth on the suborbital mar-
gin. The outer maxillipeds fit into the buccal cavity, the extremity
of the merus is obliquely placed. Merus of cheliped widening con-
siderably to the distal end, 2 small sharp spines above; carpus with the
customary short pyramidal tooth at inner angle; 4 outer granulated
carinae on palm separated by a shallow depression from the pair of
superior carinae which are near together and rough with acute
granules; dactyl sharply granulate, non-carinate. Dark color of
fingers extending the whole length of the prehensile edge and but a
short distance from the tip along the outer edge. Chelae much
smoother in the old, carinae faint. Legs long and narrow.

Color—Above light red, indistinctly dotted with nO: beneath
yellowish. (Bell.)

Measurements —Male (13870), length of carapace 74.4, width of
same 121.8, fronto-orbital width 31.7, width of front between antennae
12.6, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 16.9 mm. Faxon notes
a specimen 137 mm. wide.

Range.—Bay of Panama, 210 to 286 fathoms, to Valparaiso, Chile.

Material examined—Bay of Panama; 1891; Albatross: Lat. 7°
32’ 36’’ N., long. 79° 16’ 00’’ W.; 286 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature
45.9° F.; March 8; station 3385; 3 males (20601), 1 male (M.C.Z.).
Lat. 7° 32’ 00’’ N., long. 78° 36’ 30’ W:.; 259 fathoms; hrd. gy.
M. S.; temperature 47.4° F.; March 11; station 3396; 2 males, 1
female, all small (20602). Lat. 7° 16’ 45’’ N., long. 79° 56’ 30’’ W.;
210 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 48.8° F.; Mar. 9; station 3389; 1
male, 1 female (M.C.Z.).

Peru; specimen in Paris Mus.

Valparaiso, Chile; Nov. 1883; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. Navy; 1 male
(13870).

Locality not given; C. Pickering, U. S. Expl. Exped.; 3 females
(2388).

CANCER LUEDERWALDTI, 25 new species
Plates 86, 87, 88, and 89
Type-locality—Santos, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil; 1 large specimen,
sex unknown; found dead and dismembered, only the carapace and
pair of chelipeds remaining; holotype in Museu Paulista, No. 948;

2% For Dr. H. Luederwaldt, Museu Paulista, Sio Paulo, Brazil.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 201

photographs of the same were sent to the U. S. National Museum
through the kindness of Doctor Luederwaldt.

Measurements.—Length of carapace 15 cm., width of same 25 cm.
(Luederwaldt.) Length of propodus of right cheliped 165.4 mm.

Diagnosis.—F¥irst antero-lateral (orbital) tooth as wide as any of
the next five teeth. Basal antennal article more than twice as long
as wide. Black color of fingers covering all but a small basal portion.
Chelipeds narrow, merus not widening distally.

Description.—Carapace larger than any specimen of the genus yet
obtained. Surface densely and coarsely granulate, not very uneven;
a depression behind the front. Antero-lateral border strongly arched,
cut into 9 broad subtruncate teeth which are defined by deep closed
sinuses and show each a shallow thick marginal lobule which increases
in prominence successively from the first to the ninth tooth. Postero-
lateral border with two emarginations, the first well marked, the second
slight. The frontal teeth between the antennae are in the same hori-
zontal plane, thick, subequal, tips subacute. According to the dorsal
view, shown in plate 86, the front is less advanced than the hepatic
regions but this may be apparent rather than actual as the carapace
is much foreshortened owing doubtless to the front half being up-
turned; the ventral view (pl. 87) may show more nearly the real
relation of the front to the antero-lateral border. Inner orbital tooth
triangular, broad; no supraorbital tooth but the two fissures strongly
marked; no projecting tooth at outer angle of orbit. Basal article of
antenna (pl. 87) elongate, having a strong terminal tooth; a small tooth
close to it on the orbital margin. Epistome advanced at outer ends in
a large rounded lobe. Chelipeds rather narrow; merus not enlarging
toward distal end. Black color of fingers covering all but the basal
end.

Relation.—This species is the first of the genus to be reported from
the Atlantic coast of South America. It is allied to C. porters and C.
plebejus from the Pacific coast, has similar truncate lateral teeth,
although without denticulate edges; it lacks a well formed outer orbital
tooth present in those species; the antero-lateral margin is more
strongly arched, the basal antennal article much longer, the fingers
blacker. C. luederwaldt: resembles C. porteri in its coarse granulation,
in the shape of the front, and in the lorg first antero-lateral tooth, but
differs most strikingly in the branchial regions not approximating the
median line. Our species approaches C. plebejus in the moderate
size of the chelipeds and in the flatness of the epistome, an indication
that it was covered by the maxillipeds (which are lacking in this case),
but differs in the partial separation of the lateral teeth.

202 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CANCER POLYODON Poeppig
Plate 82, Figure 2; Plate 85, Figure 5; Plate 90

?Cancer setosus Mouina, Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili, 1782, p. 207,
(type-locality, Chile; type not extant); French translation, 1789, p. 182.
Cancer dentatus Bru, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 8, 1835, p. 87, (type-locality,
near Valparaiso; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1835,
p. 339, pl. 45, pl. 47, figs. 4 and 5.—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust.,
pt. 1, 1852, p. 155 —Kinaunan, Journ. Roy. Soc. Dublin, vol. 1, 1858, p.
335.—HE.LLER, Reise Novara, Zool., vol. 2, Crust., 1865, p. 6—A. MILNE
Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 1, 1866, p. 197.—OrrTmann,
Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1898, p. 427 —Lexwnz, Zool. Jahrb., suppl. 5, vol. 2,
1902, p. 759.—PortsR, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1903, p. 149.
Not C. dentatus Herbst, 1785.

Cancer polyodon Porrria, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 133 (type-
locality, Chile; type in Mus. Leipzig) —Ratupon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol.
21, 1898, p. 581.

Platycarcinus dentatus Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér.
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1844, p. 20.—Nico.et, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol.
3, 1849, p. 148.

Diagnosis.—Hairy. Marginal teeth triangular, spinous. Three
marginal spines on carpus. Two rows of spines above chelae.

Description.—Carapace convex, hairy and finely granulate, granules
not crowded, regions fairly delimited; marginal teeth triangular,
prominent, acute, edges coarsely spinous; antero-lateral teeth 9, the
first of orbital tooth the smallest; postero-lateral teeth 2, well marked,
the first much the larger. Frontal teeth thick those between the
antennae small, the median one much slenderer and more produced
than outer pair; a shallow lobe between inner and outer supra-orbital
teeth; antennal teeth long, inclined toward each other; two very
sharp infero-orbital spines, the inner one the larger but much smaller
than the antennal spine. Outer maxillipeds overlapping epistome.
Chelipeds rough above; two spines on merus; two large spines on
carpus, one at articulation, one at inner angle, smaller scattered spines
besides one below inner angle; two rows of spines above palm and
proximal half of dactyl. Five carinae on outer surface of palm are
granulate and hairy. Black of fingers occupies the distal two-thirds.
Ventral surface of body and margins of legs coarsely hairy; legs broad
and flat, dactyls with 4 or 5 rows of hair.

Color—Color above rich reddish brown, somewhat mottled with
yellowish, particularly in young specimens; beneath red mottled with
yellow. (Bell.)

Measurements —Male (40417) length of carapace 79.8, width of
same 124.6, fronto-orbital width 33, width of front between antennae
10.8, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 18.2 mm.

Range.—From Bay of Ancon, Ecuador (Ortmann) to the Island of
Chiloe, Chile.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 203

Material examined.—

ECUADOR.—Guayaquil; specimen in Copenhagen Mus.

PERU.—Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. Navy; 1 female (14843).

Peru; W. E. Curtis, Bureau of Ethnology; 1 specimen (14842).

Pacasmayo; J. Orton; 1 male (62360); received from Boston
Society of Natural History.

Salavery; October 22, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (60856).

Ancon; sand beach; February 13; R. E. Coker; 1 young (40413);
received from Peruvian Government.

Callao; May 18, 1908; R. E. Coker; 1 male (40416) 1 female
(40414); received from Peruvian Government.

NE. side of San Lorenzo Island; taken in fish net on rocky shore;
Jan. 11, 1907; R. E. Coker; 1 male (40417); received from Peruvian
Government.

Independencia Bay, at the Punta Callao of Isla Vieja; 1 fathom;
July 20, 1907; R. E. Coker; 2 young males, 2 young females (40415);
received from Peruvian Government.

CHILE.—J. D. Dana, U.S. Exploring Expedition; 1 male (2377).

Chile; F. Silvestri; 2 males; lent by Buenos Aires Museum.

Iquique; 1885; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 5 females (11197).

Antofagasta; November 15, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 2 young, post-
larval stage (60857); identification probably correct. November,
1914; J. N. Rose, Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1 carapace
and claw (49059).

Coquimbo; 1849-1852; J. M. Gilliss; 1 male (2408).

Valparaiso: J. D. Dana, U.S. Exploring Expedition; 1 male (2369).
January 7, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young (61088).

Talcahuano; January 15, 1927; W. L. Schmitt: 1 female (61089);
low tide, 2 males, 1 female (61087).

Lota; February 15, 1888; Albatross; 2 young (21977).

Lota; January 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young, postlarval stage
(60858); identification probably correct.

Quetelmahué, Island of Chiloe; June, 1924; Carlos S. Reed; 1
female (61090); from Buenos Aires Museum.

CANCER PRODUCTUS (Randall)

Cancer productus RANDALL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol 8, 1839,
p. 116 (type-locality, West America; type in Phila. Acad.).—Dawna, U. 8.
Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., p. 1, 1852, p. 156; atlas, 1855, pl. 7, fig. 3a—h.—
Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 461 [21]; Smithson.
Mise. Coll., vol. 49, 1907, p. 36, pl. 4, figs. 5, 5a—R. Ratusun, Fisheries &
Fishery Industries of U.S., sec. 1, 1844, p. 771, pl. 262.—Scumirv, Univ. Cali-
fornia Publ. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 220, text-fig. 136, and synonymy.

Platycarcinus productus Gipses, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 8, 1850, p. 177.

Cancer perlatus Stimpson, Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1856, p. 88
(type-locality, San Francisco Bay; type not located); ed. 2, 1873, p. 96.

204 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.—Front markedly produced beyond outer orbital angles,.
forming five subequal teeth. Merus of chelipeds unarmed, fingers
dark-tipped.

Description.—The five interorbital teeth are flat, obtuse, closely
placed, and markedly produced beyond the outer orbital angles;

AFTER R. RATHBUN

FIGURE 32.—C ANCER PRODUCTUS, MALE (2529), DORSAL VIEW, REDUCED.

fronto-orbital width about one-fifth width of carapace. Antero-
lateral teeth ten, shallow, outer orbital tooth small, next one rounded,
succeeding teeth becoming larger and more acute posteriorly; between
the feeth the margin of the carapace is marked with short closed fis-
sures. A single obscure postero-lateral tooth. Carapace slightly

ar ee el oP ct

—_—

ce

eee

i a ei eal

eS a ee ee Se

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 205

convex, very uneven. Inner lower orbital tooth flat, pressed close to
the upper tooth; next it a small acute tooth. Merus of outer maxil-
liped about as broad as long, its anterior margin very oblique and
forming a right angle with outer margin. Chelipeds rough above;
merus unarmed; carpus rugose and lumpy, a single broad blunt tooth
at inner angle, a large tubercle near articulation with manus; manus
with four granulated carinae on outer surface; rugose above and with
three rows of more or less obscure tubercles. Dactyli of legs thickly
fringed above and below.

Color —Adult dark red above, dirty white or yellowish white below;
sometimes light red above due to minute red spots, not so numerous as
in the case of the darker color, on a yellowish ground; or carapace
with a complex pattern of narrow red lines on a yellowish ground.

Measurements.—Male (8111), length of carapace 97; width of same
157.5; fronto-orbital width 32; width of front between antennae 13,
between tips of inner orbital teeth 18.6 mm. Male (Pacific Grove),
width of carapace 173.5 mm. (Weymouth).

Range—From Kodiak, Alaska, to Laguna Beach, California.
Lockington °° gave Magdalena Bay, L. Cal., as the southern limit.
Many specimens formerly referred to the young of the common species,
C. magister, C. productus, etc., were later found to belong to the more
recently defined species, anthonyi, branneri, jordani, etc. For this
reason only those stations from which material has been revised are
included here.

Material eramined.—See table, pages 206-207.

CANCER AMPHIOETUS Rathbun
Plate 91

Trichocarcinus dentatus Mimrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 34 (type-locali-
ties, 4 stations off Korea and Japan, 5.5 to 37 fathoms; types in Brit. Mus.).
Not Cancer dentatus Herbst, 1785, nor C. dentaius Bell, 1835.

Cancer pygmaeus ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 426, pl. 17,
fig. 4 (type-locality, Tokio Bay; type in Strassburg Mus.).—Bauss, Arch.
f. Naturg., vol. 88, pt. 2, 1922, p. 94. Not C. pygmeus Fabricius, Mantissa
Insectorum, vol. 1, 1787, pl. 320; nor C. pygmaeus Fabricius, Entom. Syst.,
1793, p. 451.

Cancer amphioetus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 582; name
substituted for dentatus, preoccupied in the genus Cancer; Harriman Alaska
Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 175, pl. 6, fig. 3—Scumirr, Univ. Calif. Publ.
Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 223, pl. 36, figs. 1 and 2.

Cancer bullatus Batuss, Zool. Anz., vol. 54, 1922, p. 1 (type-locality, Aomori;
type in Berlin Mus.); Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 88, pt. 2, 1922, p. 95, pl. 1,
figs. 2 and 8 (type designated).

Magnosis.—Antero-lateral teeth broadly triangular, moderately
produced, subequal. Carapace not pubescent, strongly areolated
especially in the female.

*% Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 94 [1].

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208 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Description.— Male.—Carapace smooth, bare, strongly areolated,
the highest elevations occupying the protogastric and mid-branchial
regions. Surface composed of fine close-set granules. Antero-
lateral margin with 9 flat, broadly triangular, not strongly produced,
subequal teeth with granulate margins; last 2 or 3 teeth acute or
sharp-pointed. On postero-lateral margin a blunt tooth formed by a
distinct emargination and followed by one and sometimes two less
dis.inect. The frontal teeth between the antennae subtriangular,
blunt or subtruncate, the middle one narrower and more produced
than the next pair. Inner tooth of orbit very broad, shallow, separated
from the outer tooth by a small, slightly projecting tooth or lobe.
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about half as long. Merus of cheliped armed above with two small,
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inner angle and a granulated tubercle at articulation with manus;
the latter has five carinae outside, and two above which are furnished
with 2 or 3 tubercles each. Fingers granulated, dark color reaching
nearly to base. Legs hairy, tips of dactyli bent downward.

Female —Much more uneven than the male, the elevations forming
large bosses, one occupying the whole of each protogastric region, two
across the middle of each branchial region, of which the inner is the
smaller, the outer one pear-shaped and obliquely transverse in position.
Lesser but distinct bosses are on the hepatic region and the widest
part of the mesogastric. The cardiac region has a tendency to split
up into a 4 or 6 rayed fan. This sexual form is the bullatus of Balss,
described from two females. Between it and the male described
above there are intermediate forms of both sexes. See plate 91.

Young.—In the very young the antero-lateral teeth are longer,
thicker, more curved and separated than in the adult and show
greater alternation in size; the first of the postero-lateral teeth is
more pronounced.

Measurements—Largest American specimen, male (50637), length
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width of front between antennae 4 mm. Male (54498), length of
carapace 29.5, width of same 41.4, fronto-orbital width 15.8, width of
front between antennae 5.4, width between tips of inner orbital teeth
8.1 mm.

Range.—From La Jolla, Calif., to Gulf of California, Mexico.
Japan; Korea.

Material eramined.—See table, page 209.

209

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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210 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CANCER ANTENNARIUS Stimpson

ROCK CRAB

Plate 92; Plate 93, Figure 2 ,

Cancer aniennaria Stimpson, Proce. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1856, p. 88
(type-locality, Bay of San Francisco; cotypes, Cat. No. 2033, U.S.N.M.; 1
male, Phila. Acad.); ed. 2, vol. 1, 1878, p. 96.

oe ee

AFTER R. RATHBUN

Ee ee

FIGURE 33,—CANCER ANTENNARIUS, MALE, COTYPE (2033), DORSAL VIEW, REDUCED,

Cancer antennarius Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 462,
pl. 18.—R. Ratxusoun, Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the U. S., sec. 1,
1884, p. 771, pl. 263.—Werymovurn, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4,
1910, p. 47, pl. 10, fig. 31; pl. 11, fig. 32—Seumirr, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.,
vol. 23, 1921, p. 224, text-fig. 137, pl. 35, fig. 3, pl. 36, fig. 8, and synonymy.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA Zit

Diagnosis —Carapace widest at eighth antero-lateral tooth; two
postero-lateral teeth. Under parts spotted or blotched with reddish.
A single tooth or spine on wrist.

Description Marginal teeth thick, high in the middle, deeply
separated, edges finely spinulous. The three frontal teeth between
the antennae are narrow, the median smallest and considerably lower
than the next pair. Between the large inner and outer orbital
teeth there is a smaller but prominent narrow tooth. Nine antero-
lateral teeth more or less acute and curving forward. Postero-lateral
teeth two, the first short but deeply marked, the second slightly
indicated. Dorsal surface very uneven, lumpy, granulation fine,
uniform; surface typically devoid of hair except in the very young.
Antennae unusually stout and long. Lower orbital margin cut into
two teeth between the outer and the antennal tooth. Chelipeds
heavy, nearly smooth; merus with a short distal and subdistal spine-
tipped tooth; inner tooth of carpus sharp, a conical tubercle near the
distal articulation; outer-upper surface of palm obscurely costate.
Legs rough and hairy; dactyli with five longitudinal rows of bristles.

Variable as to hairmess, roughness of the hand, size of granules,
and thickness and sharpness of teeth.

Color.—F airly uniform, dark red usually more or less mottled with
a lighter, more yellowish tinge; under parts yellowish white spotted
with red. Dark color of fingers extends more than half length of
outer margins.

Measurements—Male (15445), length of carapace 78, width of
same 118, fronto-orbital width 30.3, width of front between antennae
12, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 20 mm.

Range.—From Tomales Bay, California, to west coast of Lower
California, Mexico, as far south as San Geronimo Island, Magdalena
Bay (Lockington).

Material exramined.—See table, pages 212-213.

CANCER BRANNERI Rathbun
Plate 93, Figure 1

Cancer gibbosulus RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 518 (part;
not Corystes (Trichocera) gibbosula de Haan); Harriman Alaska Exped., vol.
10, 1904, p. 176 (part)—Weymourts, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No.
4, 1910, p. 43, pl. 10, fig. 29 (not all synonymy).—Scumirt, Univ. Calif.
Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 226, pl. 36, fig. 7 (not all synonymy or localities).
Cancer branneri Ratueun, Bull. 138, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1926, p. 63, pl. 16, fig. 4
(type-locality, San Francisco; type, Cat. No. 3092, U.S.N.M.).
Magnosis.—First postero-lateral projection spiniform not project-
ing sideways beyond the carapace margin and followed by a minor
tooth. Carapace strongly areolate. Dactyl of cheliped spiny.
Description.—Carapace markedly areolate, sparsely pubescent,
hairs rather coarse and harsh, granules scabrous, somewhat scattered;

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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214 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

antero-lateral margin armed with 9 strongly produced, forward-
curving, sharp teeth, all except the first two tipped with a spine;
postero-lateral margin with a well marked tooth directed upward and
not laterally, and behind it an indistinct tooth or notch. Fronto-
orbital width one-third that of carapace; median tooth of front sub-
oblong, depressed; next pair small, triangular, subacute, and widely
separated from the broad orbital pair. Three superior orbital teeth,
of which the middle one is similar in shape to the outer one but less
advanced. Tooth of basal antennal article narrow, produced beyond
the front; adjacent tooth of suborbital margin small. Merus of
outer maxilliped truncate, anterior margin shorter than outer margin
and forming a slightly obtuse angle; inner angle shghtly produced
inward in a blunt tooth. Chelipeds hairy; merus with two spines
above, distal and subdistal; carpus spinulous above, a spine at artic-
ulation with manus, a larger spine at inner angle with a small one
below it. Upper surface of hand with 2 rows of 3 to 5 spines each,
outer surface with 5 rows marked with hair and spinules; a spine at
articulation with carpus; upper margin of dactylus spinous, outer
surface with 2 strong carinae the upper of which is spinous and between
them a tuberculated carina on proximal half only. Legs hairy;
dactyli longer than propodi, straight, tipped with nearly straight
corneous spines. Abdomen of male very long and narrow, especially
the terminal segment; sixth segment slightly wider than long.

Color.—Whitish marked with irregular but symmetrically disposed
reddish blotches, tips of fingers of chelipeds black, ambulatory legs
light banded with red. (Weymouth.)

Measurements—Male holotype, length of carapace 32, width of
same 46.6, fronto-orbital width 17, width of front between antennae
5, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 9.4 mm.

Range.—From Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Alaska, to Santa
Catalina Island, California.

Material examined.—

Granite Cove, Port Althorp, Cross Sound, Alaska; June 18, 1880;
Sylvanus Bailey; 1 male (12516), received through W. H. Dall. °

Ucluelet, west coast Vancouver Island, British Columbia; low tide
to deep water; Geological Survey of Canada; 1 male (40078).

Off Cape Orford, Oregon; lat. 43° 01’ 00’’ N., long. 124° 30’ 30’
W.; 35 fathoms; ers. S. Sh.; temperature 46.7° F.; September 12,
1889; station 3094, Albatross; 1 young female (17419). -

San Francisco, Calif.; 1880; D.S. Jordan; 1 male, holotype (3092).

SE. of the Farallones, California; Farallones Light, N. 80° W.,
5.4 miles; 35-33 fathoms; sand; October 22, 1912; station D5790,
Albatross; 1 female, 2 young (52681).

Seal Beach, Calif.; 3 fathoms; February 24, 1923; Univ. Southern
California; 1 young (62466).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 215

Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, Calif.; 30-40 fathoms;
sandy mud; W. H. Dall; 1 male, 1 young (14660).

CANCER JORDANI Rathbun
Plate 94, Figures 1 and 2

Cancer jordanit RatuBun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 133 (type-locality, Monterey
Bay; type, Cat. No. 22868, U.S.N.M.); Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10,
1904, p. 176, pl. 6, fig. 4—Wrymourtn, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No.
4, 1910, p. 45, pl. 10, fig. 30—Scumirt, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921,
p. 228, pl. 36, figs. 5, 6.

Diagnosis.—Carapace hairy; antero-lateral teeth spiniform, curved,
alternating in size; one postero-lateral tooth.

Description —Carapace slightly areolated, hairy, and covered with
small crowded scabrous granules; antero-lateral teeth separated to
their bases, curved forward, tips spiniform, very slender; second,
fourth, sixth, and eighth teeth smaller than the others; alternation
in size of teeth varying with age, most noticeable in young specimens,
less so in large ones; ninth tooth scarcely more prominent than
eighth; one postero-lateral tooth is indicated in older specimens and
less conspicuously so in younger ones by a slight gap in the spinules
marking that margin. Fronto-orbital width nearly half width of
carapace. Inner orbital tooth very slightly produced; margin of
upper intermediate orbital lobe almost transverse, scarcely dentiform.
Tooth of basal antennal article and the adjoining tooth of the orbital
margin acute. Movable part of antennae half as long as carapace.
Merus of outer maxilliped obliquely truncated, margin at a slightly
obtuse angle to outer margin, corner rounded; the merus consider-
ably overlaps the epistome and the basal article of the antenna.
Seven carinae on upper-outer surface of palm are fringed with hair,
the two superior carinae with several spines. Upper surface of basal
half of movable finger rough with sharp granules. Tips of fingers
light; the dark color runs along the prehensile margins to the base or
nearly so, but about % or % of the outer margin. Legs hairy.

Color.—A male from Laguna Beach preserved in formalin showed a
regular pattern on the carapace in brick-red blotches. The largest
patch stretches from the anterior half of the postero-lateral margin
obliquely toward the gastric region; two short patches stretch
obliquely outward and forward from the posterior margin. <A patch
of the same color occupies nearly all of the lower surface of the arm,
while a darker shade covers the dorsal aspect of the cheliped.

Measurements —Male (50299), length of carapace 21, width of
same 27.4, fronto-orbital width 11.9, width of front between antennae
4, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 6.6 mm.

Range.—From Humboldt Bay, Calif., to San Geronimo Island,
Lower California, Mexico.

Material examined.—See table, pages 216-217.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

216

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218 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CANCER ANTHONYI Rathbun
Plate 94, Figure 3

Cancer anthonyi RatusBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 111
(type-locality, Playa Maria Bay, Lower California; type, Cat. No. 19856);
Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 176, pl. 6, fig. 2—WrymourH,
Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 49, pl. 11, fig. 33——Scumirr,
Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 227, pl. 35, fig. 1.

Diagnosis—Carapace widest at ninth antero-lateral tooth; pos-
tero-lateral teeth inconspicuous. Intermediate supra-orbital tooth
shallow. Under parts of uniform light color.

Description.—Carapace very convex, uneven, furrows at middle
well marked; surface smooth to the touch, formed by a pavement of
flat, close-set granules. Marginal teeth thick, blunt or subacute.
Antero-lateral margin very arcuate, nine-toothed, lateral tooth pro-
jecting little beyond the preceding. Postero-lateral margin with two
rudimentary, non-projecting teeth or emarginations. Median tooth
of front small and narrow. Upper margin of orbit between sutures
dentiform or lobiform; tooth low. Basal antennal tooth large,
advanced beyond front. Distal margin of merus of outer maxilliped
slightly curved and at right angles to outer margin, outer angle
rounded. Chelipeds and legs nearly smooth; merus with short distal
and subdistal spines; carpus with a broad, inner tooth and a tubercle
on upper surface just behind articulation with palm. The latter is
obscurely carinated; immovable finger deflexed.

Allied to (©. antennarius but antero-lateral teeth broader and less
projecting, front narrower and legs less hairy.

Color —Brownish red; under parts uniform light color. The black
color on the fingers extends less than half the length of the outer
margins.

Measurements.—Male (holotype), length of carapace 42.4; width of
same 65; fronto-orbital width 18.2; width of front between antennae
6.3, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 10 mm. Largest speci-
men, male (23048), length 52.1, width 77.5 mm.

Range.—From Monterey Bay, Calif., to Magdalena Bay, Lower
California, Mexico.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Monterey Bay; lat. 36° 55’ 30’’ N., long. 122°
02’ 00’ W.; 19 fathoms; fne. S. M. St.; temperature 55.4° F.;
March 15, 1890; station 3138, Albatross; 1 young (19977).

Santa Monica Bay; received from Venice Marine Biological Sta-
tion: Off Venice; August 2, 1913; Anton Dohrn; 1 young male
(50178). Venice breakwater; 1 young male (45584). Two miles
S. by E. from Playa Del Rey; August 8,1913; Anton Dohrn; 1 young
(50176).

Vicinity of San Pedro; 1917; E. P. Chace; 1 young (54006).

_— ~

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 219

Point White, San Pedro; May 18, 1919; E. P. Chace; 1 young
(53873).

Seal Beach; July 28, 1923; 1 young, returned to University of
Southern California. Off Long Beach; 5% fathoms; temp. 19.5° C.;
May 16, 1925; 9 young (62498), from University of Southern
California.

Long Beach; on wharf; H. N. Lowe; 2 males, 2 females (23048).

Anaheim Bay; November 18, 1918; E. P. Chace, 1 young female
(54005).

Off Catalina Island; 50 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 young female
(29959). .

La Jolla; 1915; 2 young; returned to Scripps Institution.

San Diego Bay; 6 fathoms; fne. S. brk. Sh.; March 21, 1894; station
3577, Albatross; 1 male (22246).

MEXICO.—West coast of Lower California:

Cape Colnett; gift of Ida S. Oldroyd; 1 young (62738).

Playa Maria Bay; A. W. Anthony; 1 male (holotype), 1 female
paratype (19856).

Rosalia Bay; August 20 and 23, 1896; A. W. Anthony; 7 young
(19822).

Magdalena Bay; 2 specimens (M.C.Z.).

CANCER GRACILIS Dana
Plate 95

Caneer gracilis Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, 1852, p. 73 (type-
locality, Bay of San Francisco; type not located); U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13,
Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 153; atlas, 1855, pl. 7, fig. 2a-d —WryMours, Stanford
Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 42, pl. 9, figs. 26-28.—Scumirt, Univ.
Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 282, pl. 35, fig. 2, and synonymy.

Diagnosis —Nine low antero-lateral teeth, one postero-lateral.
Fingers of cheliped without dark color. Merus of outer maxillipeds
elongate, anteriorly rounded.

Description —Carapace strongly convex, very slightly areolated,
densely granulated, widest at ninth (sometimes eighth) tooth.
Antero-lateral teeth low, 9 in number, of unequal width, projecting
less than one-third width of base, not spiny-pointed. One small
blunt postero-lateral tooth. Median tooth of front smaller than
those of the next pair but well advanced beyond them. Outer and
distal margins of merus of outer maxilliped forming a single curve
without angulation. Arm with a small distal and subdistal spine or
spinule; wrist with two inner spines or teeth, the smaller below the
other. Propodus with nearly horizontal margin, outer-upper surface
with seven longitudinal carinae some of which are incomplete, the
upper one bispinulous, the next one similar; upper edge of dactylus
finely roughened at its middle. Legs relatively narrow, merus finely
rugose above, dactyls long and narrow.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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BULLETIN 152,

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Color. —Olive overlaid with minute
reddish spots, more numerous on
the teeth of the antero-lateral mar-
gin and on the front, giving to the
whole a brownish tinge; edges of
teeth, under parts, and greater por-
tion of legs yellowish. (Weymouth.)

Measurements —Male (50508),
length of carapace 59.3, width of
same 91, fronto-orbital width 24,
width of front between antennae 8.6
mm.

FIGURE 34.—CANCER GRACILIS,
MALE (55355), OUTER MAXIL-
LIPED, X3

Range.—From Prince of Wales
Island, Alaska, to Playa Maria Bay,
Lower California, Mexico. Low
water to 56 fathoms.

Material examined.—See
pages 220-221.

table,

CANCER MAGISTER Dana

COMMON EDIBLE CRAB

Cancer irroratus RANDALL (not Say), Journ.
Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 8,
1839, p. 116.

Cancer magister Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat.

“Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, 1852, p. 73
(type-locality, Bay of San Francisco;
type not located); U.S. Expl. Exped.,
vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 151;

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 223

atlas, 1855, pl. 7, fig. la-d—R. Rarusun, Fisheries & Fishery Industries of
the U. S., sec. 1, 1884, p. 770, pl. 261.—Scumirt, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.,
vol. 28, 1921, p. 229, and synonymy.

Metacarcinus magister A. MtnnzE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,
vol. 1, 1866, p. 202, pl. 19.

Diagnosis —Carapace widest at tenth or last antero-lateral tooth.
Postero-lateral margin unbroken, entire. Antero-lateral teeth with
more or less prominent serrations anteriorly. Fingers of chelipeds
without dark color.

Description.—Carapace with 10 antero-lateral teeth, counting the
orbital tooth, each acutely pointed at the anterior end, teeth 2 to 8,
inclusive, increasing successively in width; edges denticulate; lateral
tooth large, strongly projecting. Postero-lateral margin rimmed,
entire. Middle tooth of front slightly larger than those of outer
pair and more advanced. Inner orbital tooth considerably larger,
less produced and separated from the front by a broad interval.
Dorsal surface uneven, the elevated spots coarsely granulate. Basal
article of antenna very broad and well advanced. Merus of outer
maxilliped widened distally, its anterior margin forming a very obtuse
angle with outer margin. Merus of cheliped with a distal and a
subdistal spine above; wrist with a strong inner spine; hand with six
carinae on upper outer surface, the uppermost spinous, as is also the
upper margin of the dactyl for two-thirds of its length. Propodal
finger much deflexed. Fingers without dark color. Legs rough
above and very broad and flat, especially the propodus and dactylus
of the last pair.

Color.—Light reddish-brown, darkest anteriorly, often light orange
below; inner sides of the anterior feet and hands crimson. (Stimp-
son. )

Measurements —Male (82235), length of carapace 126, width of
same 198, fronto-orbital width 48.2, width of front between antennae
12.38 mm.

Range.—From Unalaska to Monterey Bay, Calif.?’7 Low water to
50 fathoms.

Material exramined.—

ALASKA.—Off village of Ibuliuk, Unalaska; 6 fathoms; mud;
1871; W. H. Dall; 3 specimens (14666).

East side Unga Island; 1872; Harrington and Hall; Dall collection;
1 male (14665).

Sanborn Harbor, Nagai Island; low water; 1872; W. G. Hall; Dall
collection; 1 male (14663).

27 Lockington (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol..7, 1876 (1877), p. 94 [1]), reported the young of C. magister from
Magdalena Bay. The present author is convineed that this is a mistake, as Monterey appears to be the
southern limit. Among large collections of Cancer examined from southern California, no C. magister has

been found. Lockington’s specimens may well have been C. jordani. See ‘‘Relations” under Cancer
jordani in Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 177.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

224

NAgHIVY ‘Y watLay

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 225

Security Bay; low tide; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 1 female
(5794).

Yakutat Bay: Low water; 1874; W. H. Dall; 1 female (14664),
in drag seine. August 28, 1897; Albatross; 1 specimen (21777).

Lituya Bay; 6-9 fathoms; 1874; W. H. Dall; 1 young (14667).

Sitka; Dr. Trowbridge; 1 male (17578).

Bay of Pillars; shore; August 30, 1900; Albatross; 1 female (33460).

Duncan Canal; Albatross: September 5, 1900; 1 male (26096).
Shore; September 6, 1900; 1 male (33461).

Wrangell; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. Navy, U.S.S. Wachusett: Rocky
beach, under stones; May 25, 1882; 2 young females (5131). Under
stones; August 28, 1882; 2 males (6630). July, 1882; 2 males (5134). -

Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island; June 26,
1897; Albatross; 1 female (21776).

Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island; Dr. T.
H. Streets, U. S. N.; 3 females (14670).

Helm Bay; July 3, 1897; Albatross; 2 males, 1
female (21774).

Loring; June 16, 1904; Chamberlain and Aller,
Bureau of Fisheries; 1 young female (50511).

Ward Cove, Revilla Gigedo Island; Dr. T. H.
Streets, U.S. Navy; 1 female (14669).

Alaska; 1897; Albatross; 1 male; 3 females
(32223).

BRITISH COLUMBIA.—Beaver Harbor; Al-
batross; 1 male, 1 female (15463). FIGURE 36.—CANCER MAG-

Rock at Gordon Head, Victoria; May 1-3, fy nae ak
1905; J. E. Benedict; 1 specimen (52759).

WASHINGTON .—Puget Sound; J. D. Dana, U. S. Exploring
Expedition; 1 female, paratype.” (2370).

San Juan Island, Puget Sound; 20 meters; K. L. Hobbs; 3 young
(62356).

Port Townsend; June 27, 1903; Bur. Fisheries; 3 young (50521).

Marrowstone Point, near Port Townsend; June 29, 1903; Albatross;
1 male, 1 female (31602).

Kalisut Harbor, near Port Townsend; July 1, 1903; Albatross; 2
young (31669).

Port Angeles; September 3, 1891; Albatross; 16 young (17095).

Neah Bay; in drag seine; May 18, 1897; Albatross; 8 specimens
Peni).

#8 Although Dana does not mention ‘‘ Puget Sound,” yet he had this Spouianias hand when descihing
the species.

79856—30——16

226 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Off Grays Harbor; lat. 46° 47’ 00’’ N., long. 124° 30’ 15’” W.; 50
fathoms; fne. gy. S.; temperature 45.9° F.; June 7, 1889; station 3047,
Albatross; 1 female (15462).

Willapa Harbor; December 29, 1914; W. L. McAtee; 3 males
(48774).

Shoalwater Bay; J. G. Cooper; 2 males (2027).

OREGON .—Off Tillamook Rock; Albatross: lat. 45° 56’ 00’ N.,
long. 124° 01’ 30’’ W.; 29 fathoms; fne. gy. 8.; temperature 50.1° F.;
Oct. 18, 1888; station 2883; 1 young (17418). Lat. 45° 56’ 15’’ N.,
long. 124° 01’ 30’’ W.; 28 fathoms; br. M.; June 13, 1889; station
3060; 1 male (19480).

Off Yaquinna Head; lat. 44° 41’ 30’’ N., long. 124° 01’ 15’’W., 28
fathoms; fne. gy. 8.; temperature 47.4° F.; Albatross: Station 3055; 1
female (19478). Station 3056; 1 female (19479).

CALIFORNIA.—Drakes Bay; March 23, 1890; Albatross; 1 male
(15464).

Sacramento market; 1875; from E. G. Blackford; 2 large males
(14470).

San Francisco market; R. E. C. Stearns; 1 specimen (5040).

San Francisco: Ferd. Bischoff, Western Union Telegraph Expedi-
tion; 1 male (12492). 1880; D.S. Jordan; 1 young (3123). April 3,
1883; R. E. C. Stearns; 6 specimens (5037). H. Hemphill; 1 large
male (2216); 4 males, 1 female (2279).

San Francisco Bay: William Stimpson, North Pacific Exploring
Expedition; 2 specimens, 1 figured (2553). W. H. Dall; 2 young
(17241). For collections made by the Albatross, see table, page 227.

Santa Cruz; in seine; April 12, 1897; Albatross; 2 females (20133).

Monterey; in seine; April 15, 1897; Albatross; 1 female (20134).

California: T. Nuttall; 2 small (Phila. Acad.). Dr. LeConte; 2
small (Phila. Acad.).

WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.—Exact locality un-
known: 1 large male (25016). 1 large male (32235). 4 specimens,
F. C..3557 (46126):

CANCER OREGONENSIS (Dana)
Plate 96

Trichocera oregonensis Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, 1852,
p. 86 (type-locality, Puget Sound; type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped.,
vol. 18, Crust., part 1, 1852, p. 299; atlas, 1855, pl. 18, fig. 5a-g— Stimpson,
Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 464.

Platycarcinus recurvidens Barr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 663 (type-
locality, Esquimalt Harbor, Vancouver Island; type not in Brit. Mus.).
Trichocarcinus oregonensis Mirrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 34.—HouMEs,
Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 54, and synonymy.—LENz,

Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 14, 1901, p. 452.

227

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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Trichocarcinus recurvidens WALKER, Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 12, 1898,
p. 271, pl. 15, figs. 1—-1b.2° /

Trichocarcinus walkert Hotmums, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900,
p. 53 (new name for recurvidens Walker).

Cancer oregonensis RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 581; Harri-
man Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 178, pl. 7, fig. 1—Scumrrt, Univ. Calif.
Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 234, pl. 36, figs. 3 and 4.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins not meeting
at a distinct angle. Carapace widest at seventh or eighth tooth.
Merus of outer maxillipeds with antero-external angle produced.

Description —Carapace elliptical, more or less evenly rounded at
sides, antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins not meeting at a
dean angle, carapace widest at seventh or eighth tooth; 12 or 13
teeth; fronto-orbital width nearly one-half width of carapace. All
teeth with granulated edges. Front between antennae truncate,
_advanced slightly beyond line of outer orbital angles and separated
by a rounded sinus from inner orbital angles; median tooth very small.
Middle tooth of orbit lobiform, reflexed. The first 10 lateral teeth of
carapace similar, curved forward, spine-tipped except for the first 2;
last 2 or 3 teeth small and blunt. Surface coarsely and densely
granulate, and lumpy, the granulation coarser on the elevations.
Carpus of chelipeds tuberculate above and with a short spine at
inner angle and a tooth below it; hand thick and high, the short upper
edge of palm with 2 rows of tubercles, outer surface with 5 finely
granulate lines; dark color of fingers reaching nearly to their bases.
Legs hairy.

Variations.—In the female the carapace is more uneven than in the
male, the elevations higher and more pronounced. In many cases
(form a, pl. 96, fig. 3) this is carried to an extreme and the sexes are
very unlike; in the female the elevations are isolated, baccate and
flattened, the intervening furrows quite smooth; the protogastric
lobes are largest and highest, the narrow part of the mesogastric
region is a short linear row of single berries, the hepatic region has
a Y-shaped lobe, the arms of the Y extending to the lateral teeth;
a fan-shaped pattern of 6 segments diverges from the posterior margin.
In some individuals of this type the lateral teeth are shortened and
their ends bluntly rounded (3076). The chelipeds are rougher in the
female than in the male.

Form 6 (pl. 96, fig. 1) is represented by a male (17424) which is
even further removed from typical oregonensis. The elevations of
the carapace are small, hemispherical, the largest and most sharply
defined on the summit of each protogastric region; the mesogastric
boss is small. On the branchial region are three bosses, of which the 2
largest are > placed longitudinally at the middle of the region and are

29 Walker, p. 272, calls his specimen a male; I have Ria the same ornamentation only in the feral’ or
form a.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 233

partly confluent; the next in size is near the inner angle of the region;
behind are2 very small unequal elevations or tubercles. A well-marked
6-parted fan diverges from the posterior margin, the tips of the divi-
sions tuberculiform. The antero-lateral area is a smooth concave
basin (including the hepatic region). The lateral rim is strongly as-
cending, teeth anomalous, oblong, flat, widening from base to ex-
tremity, and therefore overlapping; only a slight vestige of a normal
midrib is visible in a short ridge terminating in a small incurved
spine or spinule; the margin from the first to the eighth tooth is
finely and obscurely granulate, from the ninth tooth backward
coarsely so. The edge of the inner tooth of the orbit is coarsely gran-
ulate, that’ of the middle tooth of the orbit and of the three teeth
of the front have granules of intermediate
size. Upper surface of chelipeds rough
as in form a, outer surface of palms
nearly smooth. Only males of this form
or approaching this form have been observed.

The remarkable variation in form is paralleled
in C. amphioetus.

Color.—Areolae bright red, chelipeds and legs
flesh color, fingers black (Walker). Dark red above,
lighter beneath; walking legs in some cases with
light spots which tend to give the legs a some-
what banded appearance. There is considerable
variation in color; in some specimens a very lTeg- yygunn 37—CanceR
ular band of orange or yellow extends across the oR=GoNENsIs, MALE

: ‘ ; (3076), OUTER MAX-
carapace anterior to the cardiac groove, with the jin, x4
whole carapace more gray and more or less spot-
ted; in others the median line from the posterior end to beyond the
cardiac groove shows very gray (Way).

Measurements.—Female (14964), length of carapace 36.5, width of
same 47.1, fronto-orbital width 20.2, width of front between antennae
7, width between tips of inner orbital teeth 9.6 mm.

Range.—From Pribilof Islands and Rat Islands, Alaska, to Santa
Barbara, California.

Material eramined.—See table, pages 229-232.

Family XANTHIDAE

Canceridae, part (p. 85) + Pilumnidae (p. 86) Leacu, in Samouelle, The Ento-
mologists’ Useful Compendium, London, 1819.
Xanthidae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 67, 1898, p. 69.

Carapace transversely oval or transversely hexagonal or sub-
quadrate, rarely subcircular, and almost always broader than
long. Front rather broad or very broad, never produced in the
form of a rostrum. Antennules folded transversely or obliquely

234 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

transversely. Antennal flagella short, slender. Anterior margin

of buccal cavity well defined, not overlapped by the outer maxillipeds.

Legs ambulatory.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY XANTHIDAE 2%

A!. The ridges that define the efferent branchial channels, if present, are low
and are confined to the posterior part of the endostome, never reaching
to the anterior boundary of the buccal cavity.

B'. Fronto-orbital border less than half the greatest width of carapace.
C!, Antero-lateral border of carapace thin, cristiform; upper border at
least of arms and of merus, carpus and propodus of legs sharp,

Cristiform list ae SOE | Oe eee ea Platypodia, p. 246.
C*. Antero-lateral border of carapace and upper border of legs not
cristiform.

D!. Antero-lateral border entire up to a strong lateral epibranchial
tooth. Carapace perfectly smooth without trace of regions.
Chelipeds unequal, fingers pointed. Front three-lobed.

Carpilius, p. 239.

D?. Antero-lateral border cut into teeth or lobes.

E!,. Anterior half of buccal frame nearly vertical. Fronto-
orbital width about one-third width of carapace. Orbits
largely dorsal in position. Male abdomen with segments
TO MMUISC CO) Sere). 0s Be A ee Paraxanthus, p. 286.

E?. Buccal frame horizontal. Orbits forward looking.

F!, Fronto-orbital border less than a third width of cara-
pace. Regions indistinctly marked. Antero-lateral

border obscurely lobed__-_----- Homalaspis, p. 287.
F?, Fronto-orbital border more than a third width of
carapace.

G!. Carapace narrow, lateral teeth about nine, front
strongly produced. Male abdomen with seg-

ments 3—5 fused________ Cycloxanthops, p. 289.
G?. Carapace wider, lateral teeth or lobes not more
than five.

H!. Carapace more or less octagonal, the first
two antero-lateral teeth obsolete or nearly
so, the last three laterally prominent.

Ji, Fronto-orbital distance nearly half width
of carapace. Orbits long.
Lophopanopeus, p. 319.
J?. Fronto-orbital distance less than two-
fifths of width of carapace. Orbits
subcircular. Front four-toothed.
Gaudichaudia, p. 278.

H?. Carapace with antero-lateral margins forming
a regular arch.

J'. Carapace usually conspicuously lobulate,
granulate, or eroded.

K'. Carapace lobulate or granulate, che-
lipeds and legs also granulate,
often hairy. Small species.

Actaea, p. 250.

38 Subfamilies are omitted as no satisfactory arrangement to include all genera has yet been made.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA - 235

K?. Carapace and legs deeply eroded.
Glyptoxanthus, p. 263.
J?. Surface nearly smooth.

K'!, Front deeply separated from inner
angles of orbit. Antero-lateral
teeth and lobes more or less dentic-
ulate. Front quadridentate.

Platyxanthus, p. 279.

K?. Front not deeply separated from
inner angles of orbit. Antero-
lateral teeth or lobes not denticu-
late. Outer angle of orbit not
dentiform.

’ L!, Superior inner tooth of orbit
obsolete. Carapace convex in
both directions, thick, broad

‘ oval, front not produced be-
yond general outline.
Carpilodes, p. 241.
L2. Superior inner tooth of orbit
distinct though small. Antero-
lateral rim lobate or dentate
and continued behind widest
part of carapace, its chord
longer than postero-lateral dis-
tancess = Xanthodius, p. 311.
B*. Fronto-orbital border half or more than half the greatest width of cara-
pace.
C!, Antero-lateral margin continued forward and downward to anterior
angle of buccal cavity instead of to orbit.

D'!, Attachment of movable part of antenna to basis concealed.
Front forming a projecting hood over antennules. Surface
covered with a reticulating pattern of granules.

Lipaesthesius, p. 270.

D?. Attachment of movable part of antenna normal.

E!. Superior inner orbital tooth separated from the front by a
TU CAB cael iy RIL ee nS seal Medaeus, p. 273.
E*. Superior inner orbital tooth absent__~__ Carpoporus, p. 269.
C?, Antero-lateral margin continued to orbit.

D!'. Dorsal surface of carapace and exposed surface of chelipeds and
legs covered with smooth, rounded, convex lobules _ Daira, p. 268.

D2. Dorsal surface not covered with smooth rounded convex lobules.

E!. Carapace rough and hairy except on margin of front and
orbits. A lunate crest above carpus of ambulatory legs.
Antero-lateral margin spinous_______ Hetetactaea, p. 530.

E?, Carapace smooth (non-granulate) and bare or nearly so.

F'!, Carapace transversely oval.
G!, Antero-lateral teeth strong.
H!. Five strong antero-lateral teeth including the
orbital. Regions well delimited. Fingers
often spooned_______---- Leptodius, p. 296.
H?,. Two antero-lateral teeth behind orbital angle.
Regions not at all delimited. Antenna
excluded from orbit__Ectaesthesius, p. 460.

236 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

* G*. Antero-lateral teeth not strong.

H!. Superior inner orbital tooth not separated by
an emargination from the outer angle of
the front.

J'. Surface of body and appendages covered
with a short close pile (in the American
species). Legs of moderate length.
Antero-lateral divisions obscure.
Front arcuate_______- Xanthias, p. 464.

J?, Five low antero-lateral teeth. Teeth and
lower surface of chelipeds granulate.
Front bilobed__.---_- Eucratodes, p. 470.

H?. Superior inner orbital tooth separated by an
emargination from the outer angle of the
front.

_ Jt. Regions well marked. Antero-lateral
teeth projecting well outward even
though small_Paraxanthias (part), p. 465.

J2?. Carapace more even, regions not well
indicated.

K!. Carapace depressed. Antero-lateral
margin thin, teeth little projecting,
second tooth fused with first.

Eurypanopeus, p. 403.

K2. Carapace convex, smooth. Antero-
lateral margin faintly lobed or
toothed. Palms elongate, major
palm at least twice as wide as minor;
fingers short__Paraliomera, p. 243.

F?. Carapace more or less hexagonal or subquadrate.
G!. Margin of hepatic region thick, non-dentate.
Carapace flat. Chelipeds heavy, unequal.
Lophoxanthus, p. 316.
G?. Margin of hepatic region not thick nor dentate.

H!, Frontal and antero-lateral regions rough with
numerous tubercles, spinules or sharp gran-
ules. Ambulatory legs spinulous above.

J'!. Antero-lateral regions coarsely tuber-
culate.

K!, Basal antennal article broad, prolonged
into the orbital hiatus. Front
prominent, four-toothed. Fingers
spooned____-_-_-- Phymodius, p. 294.

K?. Basal antennal article narrow, not
prolonged into the orbital hatius.
Chelipeds coarsely tuberculate.
Fingers pointed.

Paraxanthias (part), p. 465.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 237

J?. Antero-lateral regions, chelipeds and legs
spinulous or sharply granulous. Size
small. Antero-lateral margin shorter
than postero-lateral, with either second
or fifth tooth or both reduced or wanting.
Basal antennal article not reaching or
barely reaching the prolongation from
thiewirongas soe Micropanope, p. 426.

H?. Frontal and antero-lateral regions relatively
smooth, never spinulous’ or _ sharply
granulous.

J‘. Length and breadth of carapace subequal.
Size small. Front broad, truncate.

Metopocarcinus, p. 318.

J?. Breadth exceeding length of carapace.
Third to fifth segments of male abdomen
fused.

K!. Only four antero-lateral teeth includ-
ing orbital angle. Carapace very
convex from front to back. Front
truncate. Chelae elongate.

Tetraxanthus, p. 458.

K?. Five antero-lateral teeth.

L!. Antero-lateral teeth small, thick,
widely separated. A few
smooth transverse ridges on
antero-lateral and _ epigastric
regions. Legs thickly hairy.

Chlorodiella, p. 462.

I?, Antero-lateral teeth broad, flat,
the first and second more or
Jess fused.

M!. Third segment of male abdo-
men not reaching coxae of
legs of last pair. Cara-
pace subquadrate, broad
behind, front truncate.

Rhithropanopeus, p. 455.

M2. Third segment of male abdo-
men reaching coxae of legs
of last pair. Carapace nar-
rower behind.

N!. Carapace crossed by bro-
ken, transverse, raised,
granulated lines on an-
terior half. Front
nearly transverse, not
advanced. First and
second antero-lateral
teeth partially fused.

Panopeus, p. 333.

N?. Carapace narrow, not
crossed by transverse
raised lines.

238 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

O!. Front arcuate, form-
ing a regular curve
with antero-lateral
margins. Second
antero - lateral
tooth lobiform,
separated from
the first by a shal-
low sinus. Male
abdomen constric-
ted between fifth
and sixth = seg-
ments; terminal
segment subtrian-
gular.

Neopanope, p. 366.

O?. Hexagonal. Front
narrow, prominent,
beyond curve of
antero-lateral mar-
gins. Postero-lat-
eral margins
strongly converg-
ing. Antero-lat-
eral teeth promi-
nent. Supra-orb-
ital lobe well
marked.
Hexapanopeus,

p. 383.
A?. The ridges that define the efferent branchial channels extend to the anterior
boundary of the buccal cavity and are often very strong.
B!, Eyestalks subcylindrical, circular in cross-section.
Cl. Fronto-orbital border half or less than half the greatest width of
carapace.
D', Basal antennal article does not nearly reach front.
E!. Carapace broad, suboval. Surface of carapace and chelipeds

BINOO GH Te SEIN A On eee 2 JN Menippe, p. 472.
E?. Carapace not much broader than long, subcircular.
Chelipeds very rough________------ Pilumnoides, p. 534.

D*. Basal antennal article touching front.
EF}. Anterior margin of merus of outer maxillipeds notched at
orifice of efferent branchial channel. Orbits suborbic-
Wars. yee Ae SORE eres eee Ozius, p. 539.
i. Anterior margin of merus of outer maxilliped not notched
at orifice of efferent branchial channel. Orbits oblong.
Eurytium, p. 422.
C2. Fronto-orbital border much more than half the greatest width of
carapace.

D!. Fronto-orbital border about two-thirds the greatest width of
carapace. Antero-lateral borders shorter than postero-
lateral. Front with a narrow outer tooth, spine or lobe,
separated by a notch from the superior inner angle of orbit.

E!. More or less hairy and generally armed with spines or
Ssharpipranulesiin = sere 22 ee ee Pilumnus, p. 481.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 239

E2. More massive than the preceding, carapace deeply lobulate
anteriorly, antero-lateral margin with three large teeth
behing Gherorbit ee sea eie ee ee es Lobopilumnus, p. 525.
D2. Fronto-orbital border much more than two-thirds the greatest
width of carapace.
E!, Antennae not excluded from orbit. Chelipeds long, merus
reaching far beyond carapace. Carapace resembling a
P OMbuMiG and eee a HN Se hu, te Bs Melybia, p. 561.
E*. Antennae excluded from orbit.
F!. Carapace rough above.
G!. Merus of outer maxillipeds as long as or nearly
as long as broad.
H!, Width of front between antennae more than
one-fourth width of carapace. Regions dis-
tinct. Fingers pointed____- Eriphia, p. 545.
H2. Width of front between antennae less than
one-fourth width of carapace. Antennae
remote from orbit. Regions indistinct. Fin-
gers of minor chela spooned_Eriphides, p. 552.
G?. Merus of outer maxillipeds twice as broad as long.
Carapace and chelipeds armed with black spines.
Domecia, p. 553.
F2, Carapace smooth above.
G!. Chelipeds with short arms, projecting but little
outside the carapace. Front lobed or dentate.
Trapezia, p. 556.
G?. Chelipeds with long arms, projecting far outside
the carapace. Front acutely spinate.
Quadrella, p. 560.
B?. Eyestalks long and flat; when in orbits their acute anterior edge is con-
tinuous with margin of carapace. Merus of outer maxilliped trans-
versely oblong, inner margin arcuate, without indentation. Carapace,
chelipeds and legs fringed with long hair__________-__- Acidops, p. 538.

Z Genus CARPILIUS Leach

Carpilius Leacu, in Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, 18238, p. 228; type, C.
maculatus = Cancer maculatus Linnaeus, 1758.

Carapace broad, very convex in both directions, smooth (except
for some coarse pitting inside froftal and antero-lateral borders),
with no indication of regions; antero-lateral borders strongly arched,
thick, entire, smoothly molded; postero-lateral borders strongly
convergent, straight, with a prominent tubercle at angle of junction
with antero-lateral. Front moderately broad (less than a third the
ereatest width of carapace), deflexed, three-lobed, the middle lobe
prominent, the edges of all thickened. Orbital margins entire, the
upper margin thickened and forming a well-marked blunt tooth at
its junction with the antero-lateral margin. Eyes on short, thick
stalks. Antennules folding obliquely; inter-antennular septum broad.
Basal article of antenna long, flat, running up into an oblique cleft
between margin of front and infra-orbital plate; flagellum very small,
less than half diameter of orbit and lodged in said cleft. Merus of

240 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

external maxulipeds with anterior border very oblique. Chelipeds
massive, smooth, unequal in both sexes; fingers bluntly pointed,
those of larger cheliped with one or two molariform teeth, those of
smaller cheliped with a blunt cutting edge. Legssmooth. Abdomen
of male six-segmented, third and fourth somites fused with obliter-
ation of sutures, fifth somite also immovably adherent to fourth.

Contains three large species, one inhabiting the Atlantic coast of
middle America, the others widely distributed through the Indo-
Pacific region.

CARPILIUS CORALLINUS (Herbst)
CORAL CRAB; QUEEN CRAB
Plates 97-99

Cancer corallinus Hrersst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1783, p. 133, pl.
5, fig. 40; not synonymy except Plumier (type-locality, not given; type not
found in Berlin Museum, 1896).

Carpilius corallinus Leacu in Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., 1825, p. 104;
not Gundlach, An. Acad. Cien. Habana, vol. 36, 1899, p. 367, text-fig.,
which is a Menippe.

Description.—Front almost vertically deflexed, median lobe entire
in large specimens, bilobate in small ones, and separated on either
side from the forward pointing lateral lobes by a deep U-shaped sinus
no larger than the lateral lobe. Movable finger of larger cheliped
with two prehensile teeth; immovable finger with a single larger tooth.
Legs compressed.

Color—Ground pale red with scarlet spots among which are
meandering designs in white and yellowish (Herbst). Carapace
brick-red, somewhat wine-colored or coral-red, covered with yellow
spots; legs veined with brown; claws spotted; fingers and nails
brown (A. Milne Edwards).

Measurements.—Male (Bahamas), length of carapace 108.2, width
143.8, fronto-orbital width 53, width of front 37.2 mm. Male (von
Martens), length 128, width 154 mm. This species is the largest
of the West Indian crabs, and is often used for food.

Range.—Bahamas to State of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Material examined.—Spanish Wells, Bahamas; 1893; Biological
Expedition, State University of Iowa; 1 large male (S.U.I.).

Santa Lucia, Cuba; May, 1914; Paul Bartsch and John B. Hender-
son, Tomas Barrera Expedition; 1 specimen (47918).

Jamaica: J. E. Duerden; specimen in Mus. Inst. Jamaica. C. R.
Orcutt; 1928: Harboreale, 1 carapace (61341); without locality,
1 carapace (61343).

Porto Rico: George Latimer; 1 female (3575). Collector unknown;
2 specimens (2154).

St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; 1915; Clarence R. Shoemaker; received
from Carnegie Institution: July 1; St. Thomas Harbor; 1 male
(54046). July 19; Buck Island, off St. Thomas; 2 females (54045).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 241

Simsons Bay lagoon, St. Martin, Virgin Islands; 1 fathom; sandy;
September 21, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 adult male (Leiden Mus.).

La Sita, Guadeloupe; from Museum of L. Guesde; 1 female (4094).

Roseau, Dominica; 25 fathoms; A. Hyatt Verrill; 1 female (32509).

Slagtbaai, Bonaire, Curacao Islands; 1 fathom; stony; August 2,
1905; J. Boeke; 1 very large female (Leiden Mus.).

Curacao: Among coral reefs; June 26, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 adult
female (42949).

Caracas Bay, Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: In net; April
26; 1 male, 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.). April 27; 1 male (Amster-
dam Mus.). April 24; 1 male (57006)

- Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea; 1884; Albatross; 1 male
(7342).

Goyanna stone reef, Pernambuco, Brazil; June 18, 1899; Arthur
W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 male (25717).

Pernambuco, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations;
1 male, 1 female (40576).

Locality unknown; 1 specimen (14590).

Genus CARPILODES Dana

Carpilodes Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 126; monotypic
type, C. tristis Dana, specific name not given till 1852—OpnHNER, Gote-
borg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjirde Foljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 8.

Liomera Dana (part), Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 124; type,
L. cinctimana=Carpilius cinctimanus White.

Carpilozanthus A. Mitne Epwarps, Faune Carcin. de Vile de la Réunion, 1862,
p. 3; type, C. vaillantianus A. Milne Edwards, 1862=Carpilodes bellus
(Dana), 1852.

Carapace very broad, convex in both directions, regions usually
well demarcated and, especially in anterior half, more or less sub-
divided into lobular areolae; antero-lateral borders usually cut into
four broad, shallow, rounded lobes; postero-lateral borders straight,
or a little concave, and strongly convergent. Front from a third to
nearly a fifth of greatest breadth of carapace, obliquely deflexed,
grooved and slightly notched in middle line. Orbits small, margins
entire, but usually with the three suture lines near outer angle more
or less distinct; eyestalks short and thick. Antennules folding ob-
liquely, almost transversely. Basal antennal article running up
between front and lower orbital plate. Chelipeds equal or sub-
equal in both sexes; fingers more or less pointed, but usually grooved
or hollowed near tips. Abdomen of male with third to fifth somites
fused.

Contains numerous species distributed throughout the Indo-
Pacific region, only one of which has been reported from America.

79856—30——_17

242 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CARPILODES CINCTIMANUS (White)
Plate 100

Carpilius cinctimanus WuiTs, in Jukes, Narrative Voy. H. M. 8. Fly, vol. 2,
Append. No. 8, 1847, p. 336, pl. 2, fig. 3 (type-localities, Indian Ocean and
Eastern Seas; types not in Brit. Mus.); List Crust. Brit. Mus. 1847, p. 14, no
description, Philippine Islands and Mauritius (specimens in Brit. Mus.).3!

Liomera cinctimana Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 124.—
Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 103.

Liomera lata Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1852, p. 73 (type-locality,
Feejee Islands, type not extant).—Srimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 104.

Carpilodes cinctimanus Misrs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 5, 1880, p. 234.—
OpxHNER, Géteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjirde Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 14.

Liomera cocosana Boonk, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 184, text-fig. 63 (type-locality,
Cocos Island; type in Mus. New York Zool. Soc.).

Diagnosis —Carapace nearly twice as long as broad, barrel form,
without granulation; 2M incompletely divided. (See diagram, p.6.)

Description.—Carapace extremely broad; two lobules on 2 M ante-
riorly and on 2+3 L, which are united; mesogastric region faintly
delimited. Surface otherwise smooth and closely punctate. Antero-
lateral border divided into three coarse lobes separated by deepish
grooves; lobe next the orbit not projecting. Anterior margin of
merus of outer maxilliped oblique.

Color.—Light red, sometimes white near the sides in the male;
pterygostomian regions white; fingers of chelae black with white
tips, the black color extending in adult male part way along the lower
side of the palm, thence upward forming a broad black band around
middle of palm, whence the specific name; base of ambulatory dac-
tyli red, middle portion white, nail black.

Measurements.—Male (17795), length of carapace 15.4, width 28.2,
width of front 6.1 mm.

Range.—¥rom Gulf of Aden eastward to Australia, Japan and the
islands of the Pacific Ocean. From Cape St. Lucas, Lower Califor-
nia, Mexico (Stimpson) to the Galapagos Islands (Boone).

Material ecamined.—Western Indian Ocean; 1905; H. M. 8S. Sea-
lark, J. Stanley Gardiner: Salomon; 1 male, 2 females (Cambridge
Mus.). Coetivy; 2 males, 3 females (41169).

Mauritius; purchased of Henry A. Ward; 3 females (17795).

Atami Province, Japan; F. Sakamoto; received from Garrett
Droppers; 1 female (18858).

Mexico; from Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, through A. L.
Herrera: Teacapan, Sinaloa, August, 1926; 1 female (60723). Maria
Madre Island; March—May, 1927; 1 immature female (60722).

Mexico: Maria Madre Island; E. part of bay; 5-8 meters; May
17, 1925; F. Contreras; California Acad. Sci.; 1 female, returned;
1 young (62697).

31 Verified by Dr. Isabella Gordon.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 243

PARALIOMERA, new genus
Type.—Liomera longimana A. Milne Edwards.

Carapace broad-oval, nearly smooth; antero-lateral margin ob-
scurely lobed or toothed; front about a third as wide as carapace,
having a small outer lobe which is separated by a notch from the inner
upper angle of the orbit. Basal antennal article touching the down-
ward prolongation of the front. Chelipeds very unequal, smooth;
fingers short. Abdomen of male with third, fourth and fifth segments
fused.

Contains only two species.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARALIOMERA
A!, Gastric region plainly but not deeply delimited. Transverse fringe of hair
on front. Major palm thrice as wide as the long slender minor palm.
FAA TUE QURAN CORO iT AP) Wet LE ee Sas longimana, p. 243.
A?. Carapace almost smooth, shining, very small. Major palm twice as wide as
MUNOT Pale, SF. TE cpr ee eh dispar, p. 244.
PARALIOMERA LONGIMANA (A. Milne Edwards), new combination
Plate 101, Figures 1-3
Liomera longimana A. Mine Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol.
1, 1865, p. 221, pl. 12, figs. 7-7b; figs. 7 and 7a are incorrect, hands repre-
sented of equal size (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Paris Mus.); Crust.
Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 240, pl. 46, figs. 1-lc—Ratusun, Bull. U. 8S. Fish
Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2 (1901), p. 25.
Cancer nigerrimus DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe,
1867, p. 25 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type perhaps not extant).

Diagnosis —Gastric region plainly delimited; transverse fringe of
hair on front; antero-lateral margins with four shallow lobes. Cheli-
peds strikingly unequal, minor hand about a third as wide as major.

Description.—Carapace about three-fifths as long as broad, thick,
very convex, regions very faintly marked; antero-lateral margin
showing four shallow lobes or teeth, the last two most distinct and
angular. Front a little less than a third the breadth of carapace, dis-
tinctly bilobed, and with a separate tooth at outer end below orbital
angle; a transverse fringe of hair behind the lobes. Antennal fla-
gellum longer than greatest diameter of orbit. Chelipeds extremely
unequal in both sexes, smooth, conspicuously punctate; arm project-
ing beyond carapace; larger cheliped heavy, hands with subparallel
margins; the smaller hand very slender, about one-third the width of
larger. Fingers moderately gaping. Larger wrist nearly as broad as
long, inner angle blunt; smaller wrist much longer than broad, with-
out an inner angle. Legs compressed, almost smooth, hairy.

Color—Solid black on anterior and lateral portions of dorsal sur-
face of carapace; toward the center, clove black with slightly greenish
dots; but on a large, roughly oblong, posterior area, slate black, with
slate black dots with mouse gray suffusions around them. Under
parts slate gray; pterygostomian region, maxillipeds, and epistome

244 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

slate black. Chelipeds shiny black, smaller one with spots of the
faintest straw yellow, larger one with cinerous spots. Extreme tips
of fingers white, with a bit of brown before the black. Legs cream
buff with Prouts brown spots. (Schmitt.)

Measurements.—(18679) length 8.2, width 13.7 mm.

Range.—Florida Keys; West fee Vera Cruz, Mexico os
Curacao.

Material eramined.—Key West, Florida: H. E. Webster; received
from Boston Society of Natural History; 2 males (56766). Union
College collection; 1 female (42675), 2 males, 1 female (42676).

Tortugas, Florida; June 5 to 8, 1893; Biological Expedition, State
University of Iowa; 2 males, 1 female (18679).

Tortugas, Florida; gift of Carnegie Institution: Fort Jefferson,
Garden Key; shallow water; July 19, 1926; station 4; C. R. Shoe-
maker; 1 male (60924). West side Bush Key reef near Long Key;
4 feet; from holes in rocks; July 30, 1924; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male,
1 female (60810). Washed from weeds and rocks off mid-section of
Bush Key reef inside, 3 feet before eel grass; August 1, 1924; W. L.
Schmitt; 1 male, 2 females (60923).

Playa de Ponce, Porto Rico; F ebruary 1, 1899; Fish Hawk; 2
males, 2 females (24255).

St. Thomas, Virgin Islands: 1860; Krebs collector; Zoological
Museum, Copenhagen; 2 males, 2 females (19698). 1915; Clarence
R. Shoemaker; gift of Carnegie Institution: French Bay; % to 2%
fathoms; July 5; station 6; 1 male (60925). Drift Bay; July 15;
station 11; 1 male, 1 female (53764).

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University
of Iowa: Needham Point; May 18; 3 males, 1 female (S.U.I.). One
mile south of station 19, off Needham Point; 84 fathoms; rocky;
station 20; 4 males, 2 females (S.U.I.). Okra Reef; May 13; 35
males, 44 females (35 ovigerous), 8 young (S.U.I.)._ May 15; 10 males,
9 ovigerous females (58009). On old coral; May 31; 8 males, 15
females (S.U.I.). On old coral heads; June 4; 12 males, 11 females
(1 ovigerous) (S.U.L.).

Caracas Bay, Curacao; April 19, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 male
(Amsterdam Mus.).

PARALIOMERA DISPAR (Stimpson), new combination
Plate 101, Figures 4-5
Chlorodius dispar Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 140 (type-
locality, Cruz del Padre, Cuba; type in Museum of Comparative Zodlogy).
Leptodius dispar A. Mitnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 27.
Liomera dispar Rarurvun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 13; Bull. U.S. Fish
Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 25.

Diagnosis —Carapace almost smooth, shining; antero-lateral mar-
gins almost entire. Chelipeds very unequal, minor hand half width
of major.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 245

Description.—Carapace about three-fourths as long as broad, thick,
convex, covered with a short pubescence easily rubbed off; regions not
defined; an anterior median furrow, also a furrow separating the front
from orbital angle; antero-lateral margins almost entire, three lobes
faintly discernible. Front about one-third width of carapace, bimar-
ginate, margin convex, median notch small, external angle not pro-
jecting. Eyes very short and stout. Antennal flagellum shorter than
greatest diameter of orbit. Chelipeds less unequal than in P. longi-
mana, the smaller hand not so slender, about half the width of larger.
Smaller wrist similar in shape to larger and with an inner tooth. The
black color of thumb runs back a little on the hand, forming a convex
outline. Otherwise resembling P. longimana.

Color.—Carapace dark brown, chelipeds dark reddish, fingers black
greater hand with one or two white spots on outer side between bases
of fingers. (Stimpson.)

Measurements —Male (24862), length of carapace 5.2, width | 8
mm. Female (58008), length of carapace 4.3, width
6.3 mm.

Range.—Florida Keys and West Indies to north
coast of South America; Bermudas.

Material examined.—Key West, Florida; H. E.

Webster; received from Boston Society of Natural
History; 1 ovigerous female (56828).

Off Southeast lighthouse dock, Loggerhead Key,
Tortugas, Florida; June 14, 1925; Valentine and
Chester; 1 female (62550); gift of Carnegie Institu-

tion.

‘ Cabafias, Cuba; sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; es
June 8-9, 1914; station 16; Henderson and Bartsch, ere!
Tomas Barrera Expedition; 1 ovigerous female(48925), wera visrar, MALE
poisoned with copper sulphate on reef. (2867),. ABDOMEN,

Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis; 1 ovigerous female (20507).

Haiti; near the Caimites; April, 1865; P. R. Uhler; 1 female
(2380, M.C.Z.).

On lighthouse reef, Arroyo, Porto Rico; February 3, 1899; Fish
Hawk; 1 male, 1 young female (24254).

Pillars of Hercules, Antigua; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition,
State University of Iowa; 1 female (S.U.I1.).

Barbados: 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University
of Iowa: One mile south of station 19, off Needham Point; 84
fathoms; rocky; station 20; 2 males, 4 females (2 ovigerous) (S.U.I.).
Okra Reef; May 13; 3 males, 14 females (7 ovigerous) (58008).
May 15; 6 males, 21 females (8 ovigerous) (S.U.I.). On old coral;
May 31; 3 males, 13 females, 2 young (S.U.I.). On old coral heads;
June 4; 4 males, 4 females (S.U.I.).

246 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Caracas Bay, Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: In coral; April
7; 1 male, 1 female (56884), 2 males, 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.); 1
male and 1 female have both branchial regions swollen by isopod
parasites. May 1; 1 male, parasitized on both sides (Amsterdam
Mus.).

Cartagena, Colombia; College of San Pedro Apostal; 1 female
(538410).

Bermudas; J. Matthew Jones; received from A. E. Verrill; 1 male
(24862).

Genus PLATYPODIA Bell

Platypodia Bru, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, 1885, p. 336; type, P. granulosa
(Riippell) = Xaniho granulosus Riippell, 18380, = Cancer limbatus Milne
Edwards, 1834.—Rarusgvun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 158.

Lophactaea A. M1LNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 18, 1862, p. 438; type,
L. granulosa (Riippell) = Xaniho granulosus Riippell.

Carapace moderately broad, convex in both directions; regions
generally well delimited and subdivided into lobes; surface generally
(not always) granular; antero-lateral borders with an independent
crest-like edge, generally thin and sharp and distantly fissured;
postero-lateral borders rather concave. Front a little deflexed, about
a fourth the greatest breadth of carapace, grooved and emarginate in
middle line. Orbits large, three suture lines near outer angle distinct.
Eyes on short thick stalks. Antennules folding obliquely trans-
versely; inter-antennular septum broad. Basal article of antennae
short, touching front only; flagellum lodged in orbital hiatus. Merus
of external maxillipeds with front edge a little oblique. Chelipeds
equal in both sexes; fingers pointed, not hollowed at tip. Long
joints of legs with sharp crest-like upper borders. Abdomen of male
five-jointed, third to fifth somites being fused.

Inhabits the Indo-Pacific region besides both coasts of middle.
America and the Bermudas.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLATYPODIA

A‘, Carapace not coarsely granulate near the margins. Lobules almost smooth
and naked. Mesogastric region narrow, tapering to a slender point.

spectabilis, p. 247.

A®, Carapace coarsely granulate near the margins. Mesogastric region some-

what constricted at middle of its length; extremity not acuminate.

B!. Lobules irregular in shape, not surrounded by a furry coat. Protogastric

lobules two, a large outer, a small inner one_----- rotundata, p. 248.

B?. Lobules mostly round, finely and crisply granulate, standing out from a
background of hair. Only one protogastric lobule on each side.

gemmata, p. 249.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PLATYPODIA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
spectabilis rotundata

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 247

PLATYPODIA SPECTABILIS (Herbst)
Plate 102, Figure 4

Cancer spectabilis Hersst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 1794, p. 153, pl.
37, fig. 5 (type-locality unknown; type in Berlin Museum, examined by the
writer, 1896).

Cancer lobaia Mitnze Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 375 (type-
locality, Antilles; type in Paris Museum).

Lophactaea lobata A. M1unE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 1,
1866, p. 249, pl. 16, figs. 3, 3a.

Platypodia spectabilis RatuBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 13.

Diagnosis.—Lobules of carapace appearing almost smooth. Meso-
gastric region narrowing regularly to a point in front. Antero-lateral
rim of good width. Palm elongate.

Description.—Surface lobulated, granulate. Antero-lateral crest
extending very far back and continued by a small transverse crest on
carapace in line with cardiac region; marginal crest cut by three
narrow fissures; postero-lateral borders concave. Front deflexed,
presenting two oblique truncate lobes in dorsal view;
in front view these lobes are concave. Hands short,
compressed, surmounted by a sharp, entire crest; outer
surface covered with granules, irregularly placed on
upper portion, but forming three or four longitudinal
lines on lower part. Fingers pointed, channeled, their
prehensile borders denticulate, also a broad lobe at base
of immovable finger. Ambulatory legs short, compressed ;
nails very sharp. Suture lines faintly visible between the
third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments in the male. pyoure39.—Pra-

Color—Chocolate brown, with some yellow spots TYropiasrecra-
bordered with blue and black; similar spots on chelipeds. eo ee
Legs red, with tricolored bands of yellow, blue, and 4®4Pace 13.2
black. Eggs reddish yellow. (A. Milne Edwards.) ROR

Measurements —Female (7688), length of carapace 13, width 19.3,
fronto-orbital width 9, width of front 5 mm.

Range.—Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas and Florida Keys to Fernando
Noronha, Brazil; Bermudas.

Material examined Bahamas; J. I. Northrop; specimen returned
to sender.

Key West, Florida; on reefs; Mar., 1885; R. E. C. Stearns; 1 female
(14460).

Vera Cruz, Mexico; specimens in Paris Museum.

Jamaica: March 1-11, 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (7688).
Kingston Harbor; 1898; R. P. Bigelow; 1 female (17967).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Porto Real; January 27; 1 male, 1
female (24256). Guanica Bay; January 29; 1 young female (Yale
Mus.). Culebra; February 11; 1 female (24257).

248 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; specimens in Paris Museum and in
Copenhagen Museum.

St. John, Virgin Islands; 2.5 fathoms; in crevice between coral and
encrusting aleyonarian; July 10, 1915; station 8; Clarence R. Shoe-
maker, for Carnegie Institution; 1 female (56381).

Guadeloupe; specimen in Paris Museum.

Marie Galante; specimen in Paris Museum.

Martinique; specimen in Paris Museum.

Needham’s Point, Barbados; May 18, 1918; Barbados-Antigua
Expedition, State University of Iowa; 1 male (58044), 1 ovigerous
female (S.U.1.).

Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: West Punt; May 14; 3 males, 1
female (Amsterdam Mus). Caracas Bay; May 5; 1 male (56906).

Bermudas: 1876-1877; G. Brown Goode; 1 female (43048).
Hungry Bay; July-September; F. G. Gosling; 4 males, 4 females
(25440).

Locality unknown; Herbst’s type-specimen (Berlin Mus.).

PLATYPODIA ROTUNDATA (Stimpson)
Plate 102, Figures 1-3

Atergatis rotundatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p.
202 [74] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in M.C.Z.).

Lophactaea rotundata A. MitNE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,
vol. 1, 1866, p. 250; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 243; 1880, pl. 44, fig. 2.

Lophactaea rotunda [by error] Spmnce Barts, Zool. Rec. for 1866 (1867), p. 222.

Atergatis cristatissimo LockineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 41 [1] (type-locality, La Paz, Lower California; type not extant).

Platypodia rotundata RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 584.

Diagnosis —Carapace coarsely granulate on and near the margins.
Mesogastric region narrowing regularly to a point in front except for a
slight constriction at middle. Antero-lateral rim narrow. Palm
short and high. ;

Description.—Carapace narrower than in spectabilis, equally convex
posteriorly and anteriorly, areolated and granulated, the granules
extending entirely around the marginal areas and especially coarse on
the branchial regions which they almost entirely cover. Crest of
antero-lateral margin narrow, indistinctly quadrilobate, the lobes
separated by slight notches and furrows; the crest granulate especially
on its margin. Postero-lateral side very short. Hand of chelipeds
short, with a high lamelliform superior crest; outer surface granulate
above, ornamented with four or five granulate costae.

Color.—Of dried specimens, bright vermilion red throughout except
on fingers which are brown (Lockington).

Measurements—Male (46078), length of carapace 7.3, width 10.7
mm. Sex not given, length 12.7 mm. (0.5 inch), width 17.7 mm.
(0.7inch). (Lockington).

Range.—La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 249

Material examined.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico;
John Xantus; 1 male, 1 female, cotypes (1251, M.C.Z.).

Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico; on drifted pile; July 17,
1913; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (46078).

Panama: Capt. John M. Dow; 1 female (4079). Low tide, rocks;
May-July, 1924; E. Deichmann; 1 female (60823).

South side of Point Santa Elena, Ecuador; among brown sea
anemones; September 16, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males (60962).

PLATYPODIA GEMMATA Rathbun

Platypodia gemmata Ratuson, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 279,
pl. 12, figs. 5 and 6 (type-locality, Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands;
type, Cat. No. 24850, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Internodular depressions filled with short hair. Eleva-
tions mostly subcircular, granulate.
Antero-lateral rim extremely narrow.
Palm short and high.

Description.—Anterior two-thirds of
carapace divided into about twenty
lobules, for the most part. circular,
except the mesogastric lobule; covered
with crowded depressed granules and
separated from each other by depres-
sions filled with a dense furry coating.
Front with a thin bilobed edge, lobes Ficure 40.—Praryropia Gemaata, MALE,
slightly sinuous. Antero-lateral crest SOT TEX? % Donsanvinw. 0. Waist
narrow, thin, covered above by a short
fringe of fur, edge granulate; below are’visible three fissures dividing
the margin obscurely into four lobes. Postero-lateral borders short
and deeply cut.

Related to rotundata, but the nodules are of different shape; the
mesogastric is not linear and pointed anteriorly, the protogastric
nodule is single, not subdivided by a longitudinal furrow. The
zranulation of the nodules of the anterior-median part of the carapace
is very fine and sharp, not rough and uneven as in rotundata. The
marginal rim is even narrower than in the allied species. Chelipeds.
similar in the two.

Measurements.—Ovigerous female, cotype, length of carapace 6.8,
width 9.6, fronto-orbital width 4.9, width of front 2.8 mm.

Range.—Known only from the type-specimens from the reef north
of Tagus Hill, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands;
1898-1899; Hopkins Stanford Expedition; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female
(24830), 2 immature females (Stanford Univ.).

250 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Genus ACTAEA de Haan

Actaea DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 4 and 18; type, A. savignit
(Milne Edwards)=Cancer savignii Milne Edwards 1834=C. granulatus
Audouin, 1825, not C. granulatus Linnaeus, 1758.—Ratupun, Bull. U. S.
Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 33—Opuner, Géteborg’s K.
Vet. Handl., Fjirde Foljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 35 (part).

Anchilops GistEL, Naturg. Thierreichs, 1848, p. vii, substituted for Actaea,
which was considered preoccupied in botany.

Actaeodes Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 126; type, A. tomen-
tosus Dana=Zozymus tomentosus Milne Edwards, 1834.

Iphimedia DucuassainG, MS., in A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat., Paris, vol. 1, 1866, p. 271; type, J. sulcata Duchassaing, MS., 1865,=
A. setigera A. Milne Edwards, 1865=Xantho setiger Milne Edwards, 1834.

Banareia A. MitNE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, ser. 4, vol. 9, 1869, p.
168; type, B. armata A. Milne Edwards.

Euzanthodes Pauuson, Investig. Crust. Red Sea, vol. 1, 1875, p. 33; type, Z.
granulatus Paulson=Cancer granulatus Audouin, 1825 (not C. granulatus
Linnaeus, 1758) =C. savignit Milne Edwards, 1834.

Psaumis KossMann, Zool. Ergeb. Reise Kiistengeb. Rothen Meeres, Crust., 1877,
p. 26; type, P. fossulatus (Girard) =Cancer fossulatus Girard, 1859. Psau-
mis used by Pascoe, Trans. London Ent. Soe., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1866, pp. 228
and 246, for a species of Coleoptera.

Cycloblepas ORTMANN, in Semon, Zool. Forsch. Austral. u. Malay. Arch., Crust.,
1894, p. 53; type, C. semoni Ortmann.

Carapace convex fore and aft, slightly convex or flat from side to
side, commonly broad, regions well demarcated by deep grooves and
again subdivided into lobules, which are usually convex and granular.
Antero-lateral borders as a rule four-lobed, lobes shallow and often
indistinct. Postero-lateral borders usually concave, always short,
not strongly convergent. Front between a third and a fourth the
greatest width of carapace, deflexed, cleft in middle line into two lobes.
Upper edge of orbit tumid, usually with two fissures or sutures; a
third fissure below outer orbital angle; eye-stalks short and thick.
Antennules folding obliquely or nearly transversely. Basal antennal
segment usually stopping at angle of deflexed front, but often pro-
longed beyond this, toward or nearly into orbit; flagellum about as
long as orbit and lodged in orbital hiatus. Merus of external maxilli-
peds with anterior border little oblique. Chelipeds equal in both
sexes; fingers either acute or blunt-pointed, sometimes hollowed out
at tip. Abdomen of male five-jointed, somites three, four, and five
fused.

Contains many species. Bahamas and ‘Florida Keys to Bahia,
Brazil; Bermudas; Cape Verde Islands; Ascension Island; east coast of
Africa from Natal northward; Indian Ocean; Australia; East Indian
Islands to Japan; islands of the Pacific to Hawaiian Islands; Gulf of
California, Mexico, to Ecuador and Galapagos Islands.

Usually found in shallow water but reported from a depth of 400
fathoms.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 251

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ACTAEA

Ai, Areoles covered with granules.
B', Areoles low, separated by narrow furrows.
C!, Marginal divisions of carapace lobiform, not angular nor dentiform.
D!. Carapace uniformly granulate. Black color of immovable
finger of adult male widely extended on palm. Fingers
grooved, sharply granulate__._._._-_--------- setigera, p. 251.
D?. Granulation finer and denser than in setigera____--_- dovii, p. 254.
C?. Marginal divisions of carapace angular or dentiform. Carapace
narrower than in D!. Front steeply inclined.
D!. Palm concealed by long thick hair. Fingers long, smooth,
punctate, not channeled. 22. ..:/.2-.2-24 225 bifrons, p. 255.
D?. Palm with longitudinal rows of granules not concealed by hair.
Fingers deeply channeled, ridges granulate proximally,
angusta, p. 256.
B?. Areoles high, convex, widely separated.
C!. Areoles separated by short pubescence. Anterior mesogastric nodule
small.
D'. Nodules 1 F not fused with frontal margin. Marginal lobes D
and E not remarkably small____- rufopunctata nodosa, p. 257.
D?. Nodules 1 F fused with frontal margin. Marginal lobes D and
Hremankablyasmiall’ 2 225 2 es se eee ee sulcata, p. 259.
C?, Areoles raspberry-like, set in a thick coat of long hair. Palms
shaggy. Fingers broad, smooth, sharp-edged, acutely tipped.
palmeri, p. 260.
A?, Carapace covered dorsally with spines or sharp tubercles. Marginal lobes
gpiniouse lec 1 sag yert nO obi wee bt eh IME. acantha, p. 261.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF ACTAEA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
seligera. dovit.
bifrons. angusta.
rufopunctata nodosa. sulcaia.

ACTAEA SETIGERA (Milne Edwards)
Plate 103

Xantho setiger Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 390 (type-
locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.).

Actaea setiger Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 51.

Actaea setigera A. Minne Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 1,
1866, p. 271, pl. 18, fig. 2—RatTusun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20
for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 34.

Diagnosis.—Carapace wide, uniformly granulate; lateral lobes not
dentiform; black color of immovable finger of male widely extended
on palm; fingers grooved, sharply granulate.

Description—Carapace wide, ovoid, covered with short, stiff
yellow hair and with granules; strongly lobulated anteriorly. Antero-
lateral border divided into four lobes, which do not project beyond
the general outline of the carapace. Postero-lateral borders concave.
Median notch of front large; each lobe has an inconspicuous outer
tooth. Basal antennal joint short, not prolonged into orbit. Ptery-

252 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

gostomian regions finely granulous. Chelipeds hairy and very
granulous; fingers slightly deflexed, black, this color extending in
full-grown males upon external and internal surfaces of palm almost
to articulation with wrist; in females the fingers only are black.
Fingers grooved, intervening ridges sharply granulate on the proximal
half; tips acute. Legs covered with hairs; meral joints of first three
pairs smooth outside and granulous on margins; of last pair, granu-
lous on outside also; two following joints granulous; dactyls long,
granulous, and terminating in a sharp nail. Abdomen of the male
long and narrow.

Color.—In formalin, upper surface light orange red with whitish
granules; fingers very dark purplish brown.

Measurements—Male (14325), total length of carapace 16.9,
width 25.6, fronto-orbital width 11.2, width of front 6 mm.

Range-—Bahamas and Florida Keys to north coast of South
America; Bermudas. On reefs.

Material examined.—Abaco, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 male
(17778).

Andros Island, Bahamas: In sponge; Frederick Stearns collection;
destroyed by fire. Near lighthouse, south of South Bight, east side
of island; May 14, 1912; Paul Bartsch; 1 male (45574).

Cape Florida, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 2 females (9301).

Indian Key, Florida: 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 male, 1 female
(15011). Between tides; Henry Hemphill; 3 males (14057).

Knights Key, Florida; among rocks, low tide; H. Hemphill; 2
males, 2 females (14074).

Key West, Florida; H. E. Webster; received from Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist.; 1 male (56804). Among rocks, low tide; 1884; Henry
Hemphill; 2 males, 2 young (9302). April 15-27, 1884; Albatross;
1 young (18521). February 3, 1901; B. A. Bean and W. H. King;
2 males (24844).

Tortugas, Florida; 1893; Biological Expedition, State University
of Iowa; 1 female (S.U.I.).

Tortugas, Florida; 1924; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Insti-
tution: Loggerhead Key, rocks, east side; July 28; 1 male (59413).
From rocks below lighthouse pier, east side Loggerhead Key; August
24; 1 ovigerous female (59418). Bird Key: Southwest side, with
boat dredge; August 8; 1 male (59411). Reef; July 16; 1 male,
2 females (59412). Reef; July 28; Bender collector; 1 male, 1 female
(59415). North end of reef, ‘““Channel reef’; August 12; 1 male
(59416). Mid-section of reef; July 26; 2 males, 1 female (59417).
South end of reef; August 13; 2 males (59414). Garden Key; about
rocks, Fort Jefferson docks; July 30; Bender collector; 1 male, 1
female (59410). Bush Key reef: Mid-section; August 1; 4 males,
6 females (59409). South end; July 31; 1 male, 1 female (59419).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 253

Tortugas, Florida; 1925; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Institu-
tion: Bird Key reef: June 4, 1 young (60854); 'ow tide, June 6,
station 25-5, 1 female (60853); low tide, June ‘/, station 25-6, 4
males, 5 females (1 ovigerous), 1 young (60849). June 22; Dexter
collector; 1 female (60852). Fort Jefferson, Carden Key; rocks at
south coal dock; June 13; 1 female (60855). Bush Key reef near
Long Key; June 3; 4 males, 1 female (60850).

Fort Jefferson, Garden Key, Tortugas; from beach at pier; July 25,
1926; station 6; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 male (60851); gift of Carnegie
Institution.

Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio, Cuba; May 22, 1914;
Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped., station 11; caught
by copper sulphating on reef; 1 male (48558).

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 female (17965),

Montego Bay, Jamaica: Coral reef; July 12, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1
ovigerous female (42929). Rocks in front of Sea View; August 30,
1910; E. A. Andrews (43049).

Umbrella Point, Jamaica; July 14, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 male
(42922).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Playa de Ponce Reef; February 1;
1 male, 1 female (24269). Caballo Blanco Reef; February 7; 1 young
(24284). Ensenada Honda, Culebra; February 9 and 11; 1 male,
1 young (24282). Exact locality not given; 1 young (24283).

San Juan, Porto Rico; G. M. Gray; specimens in Marine Biological
Laboratory, Woods Hole.

St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; 1884; Albatross; 6 males, 1 female, 2
young (17809).

Antigua; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of
Iowa: Pillars of Hercules; 2 males (Mus. 8.U.I.). English Harbor;
1 male, 1 young (57958).

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of
Towa: Okra Reef; May 13; 1 male, 3 young (Mus. S.U.I.). Pelican
Island; 1 young female (57987). Needham Point; 1 young male
(57988); May 18, 1 young female (Mus. $.U.I.). Exact locality not
given; 1 male (57989); 2 males, 2 females, 5 young, mostly from
coral heads (Mus. 8.U.1.).

Trinidad; Mr. Crosby collector; in exchange with Boston Society
of Natural History; 1 young (56805).

Caracas Bay, Curacao, Venezuela; under stones or in coral; 1920;
C. J. van der Horst: 1 male, 1 young (56870); 2 males, 1 female, 9
young (Amsterdam Mus.).

Cartagena, Colombia; Colegio de San Pedro Apostal; 1 young
female (53408).

Margarita Island, Atlantic side of Panama; coral rocks, low tide;
June, 1924; KE. Deichmann; 2 males (60717).

254 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Hungry Bay, Bermudas; July-September; F. G. Gosling; 1 female
(25441). °
ACTAEA DOVII Stimpson
Plate 104, Figures 1-2

Actaea dovii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 104
(type-localities, San Salvador and Panama; type from Panama, 1021, Mus.
Comp. Zodél.).22—A. MitngE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 244, pl.
45, fig. 1—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 18, 1895, p. 16.—Rat#a-
BUN, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 281.

Diagnosis.—Granulation finer and denser than in A. setigera, espe-
cially on posterior portion of carapace.

Description.—The Pacific counterpart of A. setigera. The terminal
segment of the male abdomen is more triangular than in setigera;
the granulation of the carapace finer, specimens of similar size com-
pared. There is considerable difference in the smaller specimens of
dovii. A female from Panama is most sharply marked and has also
the edge of front finely but distinctly beaded. A little larger female
from Perico Island has lower and very inconspicuous granulation,
almost hidden by fine hairs; granulation of front edge almost negli-
gible. A male 7.1 mm. wide from Albemarle Island is narrower,
granulation low and scabrous and, with the areolation almost disap-
pearing in its posterior part; edge of front smooth. In none of the
specimens is the granulation of the posterior regions more distinct
than in setigera, as stated by Stimpson.

Color.—Eleven orange-red stripes extend backward from frontal
and antero-lateral margins and converge posteriorly (25668).

Measurements—Male, type, according to Stimpson, length 11.4
mm. (.45 inch), width 16 mm. (.63 inch). Female (20600), length
6.3, width 9.6mm. Female (33264), length 7.2, width 10.3 mm.

Range.—San Salvador, Central America to Ecuador (Nobili) and
Galapagos Islands. :

Material examined.—Panama: Reef; Marek 12, 1891; Albatross; 1
young female (20600). March 15, 1860; A. Roa 1 male (1021,
M.C.Z.). Dr. Sternbergh, Hassler Exped.; 2 females (2210, M.C.Z.).
Perico Island; Bay of Panama; October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 young
female (33264), 1 young female (M.C.Z.).

Taboga Island, Panama; July, 1924; E. Deichmann; 2 females
(60718).

Reef N. of Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands;
March 16, 1899; Hopkins Stanford Expedition; 1 male (25668).

Other records.—S. Jos, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama (Odhner);
Ecuador.

% The specimen collected in Panama‘by A. Agassiz is not marked ‘‘type’’.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 255

ACTAEA BIFRONS Rathbun
Plate 104, Figures 3-6

Actaea bifrons Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898,
p. 262, pl. 4, figs. 3 and 4 (type-locality, off Aspinwall [Colon], 34 fathoms; type,
Cat. No. 7803, U.S.N.M.); Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2
(1901), p. 34.—OpuNeER, Géteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjirde Féljden, vol.
29, No. 1, 1925, p. 50, pl. 3, figs. 12 and 12a.

Diagnosis.—Carapace flattish, granulation sparse anteriorly; front
steeply inclined; palm concealed by long thick hair; fingers long,
smooth and punctate, not channeled.

Description—Compared to <A. setigera, carapace narrower and
flatter, areolations similar, but epigastric and postfrontal lobes sharply
set off, sparsely granulate, marginal lobes more angular. Single hairs
on carapace especially on side margins; like the remaining hairs, they
are weak and colorless, not stiff and yellow as in setigera. Frontal

FIGURE 41.—ACTAEA BIFRONS, MALE. @. DORSAL VIEW, X3.2. 6. FRONT, X6.4

lobes bent abruptly down, margins little advanced. Eyes larger;
tooth at lower inner angle of orbit prominent. Chelipeds differ from
those of setigera in the fingers longer in proportion to the palm, more
strongly bent downward, and smooth, not channeled but with two
rows of punctae on outer surface; in the immovable finger wider at
base than the movable; in the granules of wrist and hand nearly
concealed by thick hairy covering. Ambulatory legs tolerably hairy,
especially the dactyls.

Color —Carapace above reddish orange; fingers faded brownish
black (Henderson).

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (53769), total length of cara-
pace 7, width 10.5 mm. Female, Spanish Water, length of carapace
10.5, width 15.2 mm.

_ Range.—Florida Keys to north coast of South America. To a
depth of 40 fathoms.

Material examined.—Western Dry Rocks, Key West, Florida; 25
fathoms; J. B. Henderson; 1 ovigerous female (53769).

256 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Off Vieques Island; North Cabras
Island, NE. *% E., 10% miles; 12 fathoms; Co.; temp. 27° C.; station
6094 (166); 1 young (24298). Ensenada Honda, Culebra; February
11; 1 female (24299).

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University
of Iowa: 1 male (Mus. S.U.I.). Shoal Bank; 20-40 fathoms; sponge
bottom; station 101; 1 male (57986). Shoal Bank, about 3 miles
W. of Needham Point; 20-40 fathoms; bottom rough; June 12;
station 96; 1 male (Mus. 8.U.1.).

Spanish Water, Curacao, Venezuela; in Porites furcata; 1920; C. J.
van der Horst; 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.).

Off Aspinwall [Colon], Panama; lat. 9° 32’ 20’’ N., long. 79° 54’
45’’ W.; 34 fathoms; Co.; temperature 78.5° F.; April 2, 1884; sta-
tion 2147, Albatross; 1 male (7803), holotype.

Other records—Salt Island, Virgin Islands, 40 fathoms (Odhner),
and St. Bartholomew, 10-16 fathoms (Odhner).

ACTAEA ANGUSTA Rathbun
Plate 104, Figures 7 and 8

Actaea angusta Ratuswn, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 582, pl. 42,
fig. 2 (type-locality, off Hood Island, Galapagos Islands, 20 fathoms; type,
Cat. No. 21578, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow, posteriorly arcolated; lateral lobes
dentiform; granulation on
chelipeds coarser than on
carapace; fingers rough.

Description.—Carapace
narrow, slightly convex, are-
olate on posterior as well as
anterior half; areoles gran-
ulate. Metagastric and car-
diac regions very broad.
Front slightly deflexed, mar-
gin visible in dorsal view, its
lobes oblique, nearly straight;
FIGURE 42.—ACTAEA ANGUSTA, FEMALE, HOLOTYPE, CARA- a broad median NZ Lateral

PACE 6 MM. WIDE, DORSAL VIEW .
lobes four (besides the orbit-

al), dentiform, first very short, second twice as long, third much
the longest. Inner suborbital lobe rounded, prominent. Chelipeds
covered with large sharp granules, carpus deeply grooved, granules of
hands in longitudinal rows, fingers deeply channeled, intervening
ridges granulate on proximal half.

Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 4.3, width
5.8 mm.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 257

Range—Known only from the type-specimen (female) from off
Hood Island, Galapagos Islands; lat. 1° 21’ 30’’ S.; long. 89° 39’ 45”
W.; 20 fathoms; Co. S.; April 7, 1888; station 2812, Albatross (21578).

ACTAEA RUFOPUNCTATA NODOSA Stimpson
Plate 105, Figures 1-2

Aciaea nodosa Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 203 [75]
(type-locality, Tortugas, Florida; type not extant)—A. Mi~ne Epwarps,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 1, 1866, p. 266, pl. 17, figs. 6—6ce.

Actaea rufopunctata var. nodosa Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886,
p. 122—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol.
47, 1923, p. 316.

Actaea rufopunciata nodosa RaTHBuN, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20 for 1900,
pt. 2 (1901), p. 33.

Actaea rufopunctata ODHNER, Goteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjarde Féljden, vol. 29,
No. 1, 1925, p. 60 (part).

Diagnosis.—Carapace nodulous, nodules high and formed by dis-
tinct granules. Internodular depressions hairy. Anterior meso-
gastric nodule small. Nodules 1 F not fused with frontal margin.

Description. Carapace broad, ovoid, its extreme length not quite
three-fourths, but more than two-thirds its extreme breadth; its
surface broken by deep and broad grooves into numerous (about
twenty-seven, excluding those around the orbits and the front) very
convex lobules, which are covered very closely with large vesiculous
granules; grooves filled with a dense short felt, with longer hairs some-
times interspersed, against which the lobules stand out like islands.
Exposed surface of carpal and propodal joints of chelipeds and l:gs
lobulated in same style as carapace. Front strongly deflexed, but
somewhat prominent and rather sharply bilobed. The tumid supra-
orbital margin broken by two cross grooves and separated from lower
margin of orbit by a fissure. Antero-lateral borders cut into four
rounded lobules of nearly equal size by deepish fissures. Outer angle
of basa] antennal joint in contact with inner angle of lower edge of
orbit. Edges of legs and of arm fringed with coarse hair. Lower
outer surface of hand with granules arranged in lines. Fingers blunt-
pointed, hollowed out at tip.

This subspecies or variety or form which ene the Atlantic is
distinguished from the principal or typical form which inhabits the
Pacific and Indian Oceans by the reduction of the small anterior
median nodule of the mesogastric region. It may extend to the
middle of the adjacent protogastric nodule, while in typical rufo-
punctata it extends as far as, or farther than, the end of that nodule.
The frontal nodules (1 F) are not fused with the margin of the front.

Measurements.—Female (15010), length of carapace 16, width 22.7
mm. Female (Stimpson), length 16.25 mm. (0.64 inch), width 24.63
mm. (0.97 inch).

79856—30—— 18

258 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

* Range.—Florida Reefs, Bahamas, and West Indies to Bahia, Bra-
zil; Ascension Island, South Atlantic. To a depth of 70 fathoms.

Material examined.—Off Biscayne Bay, Florida; 16 to 34 feet;
May 29, 1912; Paul Bartsch; 1 male (53767).

Indian Key, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 female (15010).

Key West, Florida; 1885; Henry Hemphill; 1 female (15009).

Tortugas, Florida: June 5-8, 1893; Biological Expedition, State
University of Iowa; 1 female (S.U.I.). Bush Key; June, 1921;
Paul Bartsch; 1 female (57130). About 8 miles S. of No. 2 buoy
(sponge haul); 25 fathoms; June 11, 1925; station 217; W. L. Schmitt;
2 carapaces (60848); gift of Carnegie Institution.

Off Charlotte Harbor, Florida; lat. 26° 33’ N., long. 83° 10’ W.;
28 fathoms; sdy.; temperature 66° F. (19° C.); April 2, 1901; station
7123, Fish Hawk; 1 young female (25609).

Andros Islands, Bahamas; in sponge; Frederick Stearns collection;
destroyed by fire.

Green Cay, Bahamas; June 30, 1903; B. A. Bean, Geographic
Society of Baltimore; 1 female (31063). -

Bahia Honda, Cuba; M. Co.; June 4-5, 1914; Henderson and
Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped., station 15; 1 young female (48529).

Esperanza, Cuba; shallow water; May 11, 1914; Henderson and
Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.; station 21; 1 young male (48530).

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; May-July, 1896; F. S. Conant; 1 young
female (19597).

Between Jamaica and Haiti; lat. 17° 44’ 05’’ N.; long. 75° 39’ W.;
23 fathoms; Co. brk. Sh.; February 29, 1884; station 2123, Albatross;
1 female (7762).

Between Jamaica and Haiti; lat. 17° 43’ 40’’ N., long. 75° 38’ 25”
W.; 52 fathoms; Co. brk. Sh.; February 29, 1884; station 2136,
Albatross: 1 female (17810).

Porto Rico, 1899; Fish Hawk: Off Vieques Island; Point Mula
lighthouse, EK. 4% N., 11% miles; 6 fathoms; Co.; temperature 27.3° C.;
February 14; station 6096 (168); 1 young female (24264). Ensenada
Honda, Culebra; February 9 and 11; 1 male (24263). Fajardo;
February 17; 1 female (24262).

St. Thomas; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

Off Santa Cruz; 115 fathoms; 1878-79; Blake station 132; 1 speci-
men (2718, M. C. Z.).

Flannegan Passage; 27 fathoms; 1878-79; Blake station 142; 2
females (2901, M.C.Z.).

Barbados: 1% miles due W. from white lighthouse at Needham ~
Point; in line with red house; 67—70 fathoms; stony; May 17, 1918; —
station 11, Barbados-Antigua Expedition; 1 young male (S.U.I.).
94 fathoms; 1878-79; Blake station 276; 1 specimen (2664, M.C.Z.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 259

Curacao, Venezuela; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: Caracas Bay; in
coral; April 7; 1 male (Amsterdam Mus.). Spanish Port; May 20;
1 female (56869).

Off Cape Frio, Brazil; 35 fathoms; Hassler Exped.; 1 male (2532,
M.C.Z.).

Ascension Island; 1889; William Harvey Brown, U. S. Eclipse
Expedition to West Africa; 1 young (17805).

ACTAEA SULCATA Stimpson

Plate 105, Figures 3-4
Aciaea sulcata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 203
[75] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).—A. MILNE Epwarps,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 1, 1866, p. 267.—OpuHNeER, Gote-
borg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjarde Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 78, pl. 5, fig. 6.

Diagnosis —Carapace nodulous, nodules deeply and widely sepa-
rated, less prominent than in rufopunctata nodosa, their granules
fused. Nodules D and E remarkably small. Nodules 1 F fused
with frontal margin.

Description.—Upper surface of carapace divided into 30 flattened,
granulate lobules (besides the small ones around orbits), separated
by deep pubescent sulci. Owing to fusion of granules, the surface
of lobules appears feebly granulate. Posterior lobules less prominent,
more distinctly granulated and sometimes concealed by pubescence.
According to Odhner the pattern corresponds to that of A. rufo-
punctata with few exceptions: 3 M is rudimentary [as in r. nodosa],
4 L and T are united, lobules 1 F are square and fused with the
frontal margin; marginal teeth D and E are separate and very small.
Furrows between lobules are very wide and covered with a short
dark tomentum; three pairs of bunches of hair on carapace.

Chelipeds nodose above like carapace; granules similar, fused,
especially on carpus; three such nodules on upper margin of palm;
palms and base of fingers strongly granulate externally. Fingers
partially excavate at tips. On the hairy ambulatories the granules
are fused and form on merus and carpus raised bands which on
carpus of first three pairs are U-form and make one continuous
crest with those on merus.

Color—Bright red somewhat maculated or mottled with white.

Measurements —Female holotype, length of carapace 9.4 mm.
(0.37 inch), width 14.2 mm. (0.57 inch) (Stimpson).

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico (Stimpson),
to San José, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama, 15 fathoms (Odhner).

Material examined.—Maria Madre Island, Mexico; March—May,
1927; from Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, Mexico, through
A. L. Herrera; 1 male (60721).

Maria Madre Island; E. part of bay; 5-8 meters; May 17, 1925;
F. Contreras; California Acad. Sci.; 1 male (62696); 1 female, returned.

260 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

ACTAEA PALMERI Rathbun
Plate 106, Figures 3-6

Actaea lanigera Hansen, MS., in Copenhagen Mus.

Actaea palmeri Ratusun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, advance sheet, March
30, 1894, p. 3; July, 1894, p. 85 (type-locality, Rodriguez Creek, Florida;
type, Cat. No. 13927, U.S.N.M.).—Opuner, Goteborg’s K. Vet. Handl.,
Fjarde Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 76, pl. 4, figs. 20, 20a.

Diagnosis —Clothed with a thick coat of long hair in which rasp-
berrylike nodules stand out. Fingers sharp-edged, tips acute. A
row of denticles on inner margin of ischium of maxillipeds.

Description—Carapace as well as exposed surface of chelipeds and
legs ornamented with raspberrylike nodules; intervening furrows
filled with long silky hair which covers also the hinder part of the
dorsal surface of carapace as well as the whole exposed under surface
of the crab. Nodules of carapace, about 30 in number not counting
orbits, vary in form and size and occupy approximately the following
areas: 1 M; 2 M (two side by side); 3 M (two median, sometimes
grown together in the old, and behind, two lateral, with sometimes
another pair very small, still further back, more often concealed);
1-6 L; 1-2 R. The “raspberries” on 1 L, 3 L, 4 L and 1 R follow
the antero-lateral margin; in the intervals between them are three
sharp incisions well covered with thick hair and best seen from
below. Edge of front with three strong U-shaped bays; median
lobes and much smaller lobes at outer angles raspberrylike. A small,
similar nodule on basal article of outer antenna. Three supra-
orbital and two suborbital lobules surround the eyes. In front of
the first lobule of the side margin (1 L) is another very small one.
A still smaller lobule median, on intestinal region immediately be-
hind cardiac region. A pair of low, elongate nodules covered with
extremely small and well separated granules occupy the cardiac
region, and are seldom exposed.

_ Inner margin of ischium of outer maxillipeds bears a row of rounded

denticles.

Chelipeds with 6 “raspberries”? on carpus (7 in large female,
25572), and 5 on hand (6 in 25572), of which 4 form a longitudinal row
on upper edge. Lower edge of hand marked by a row of granules.
Fingers bare, broad at base, meeting when closed, edges sharp, tips
acute and crossing; 3 or 4 prehensile teeth on basal half of each;
dactylus with acute granules on upper surface of proximal half,
almost concealed by long hair.

The first three ambulatories bear small ‘“‘raspberries” of which 2
are on the carpus and 2 on the propodus; the carpus of the third
pair may have a third nodule. In the last leg the merus has proxi-
mally a single granule, distally a small ‘‘raspberry,” the carpus
bears three of which the 2 proximal are near together, and the pro-
podus either two, one, or none.

?

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 261

Color.—F ur olive-buff, ‘‘raspberry”’ protuberances flesh color; eyes
bay; fingers vinaceous, tips white (Bartsch).

Measurements —Female (25572), total length of carapace 25,
width 34.6 mm. Male holotype, total length of carapace 16, width
21 mm.

Range.—Florida Keys and the Bahamas to north coast of South
America. Shallow water to 78 fathoms.

Material ecamined.—Off Biscayne Key, Florida; 16-34 feet; May
29, 1912; Paul Bartsch; 2 females (45623).

Elliott Key, Florida; 1901; J. E. Benedict; 2 females (25572).

Rodriguez Creek, Florida; Edward Palmer; 2 males, 2 ‘emales

(13927).

Cotton Key Lake, Florida; from sponges; February 5, 1903;
Fish Hawk; 2 females (53766).

Off Sand Key, Florida; 50 fathoms; 1913; J. B. Henderson; 1 young
female (46065).

Bahama Banks; 1893; State University of Iowa Expedition to
Bahamas; 1 male (S.U.I.).

Inside of Golding Key, Andros Islands, Bahamas; 1912; Paul
Bartsch; 1 female (45575).

Golding Key, Andros Islands, Bahamas; May 15, 1912; Paul
Bartsch; 1 female (45549).

Bahamas; June 15, 1859; Dr. Henry Bryant; received from Boston
Society of Natural History; 1 male (56803).

Off Havana, Cuba; lat. 23° 10’ 28’’ N., long. 82° 20’ 27’’ W.; 78
fathoms; Co.; May 1, 1884; station 2169, Albatross; 1 female (7799).

Miragoane, Haiti; from coral; September 10, 1927; Walter J.
EKyerdam; 1 immature female (60720).

St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; Riise collector; three specimens
(Copenhagen Mus.).

Harbor of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; from sponge; July 11, 1915;
Clarence R. Shoemaker; received from Carnegie Institution; 1 male
(53765).

Caracas Bay, Curacao, Venezuela; among branches of Porites
Jurcata; April 29, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 male (Amsterdam
Mus.).

ACTAEA ACANTHA (Milne Edwards)
Plate 105, Figure 5; Plate 106, Figures 1 and 2

Cancer acanthus Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 379 (type-
locality unknown; type in Paris Mus.).

Aciaea acantha A. Mitne Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 1,
1865, p. 278, pl. 17, fig. 1 (Ile Maurice ?); Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 245,
pl. 43, figs, 1-1e (Guadeloupe).—Ratuswn, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20
for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 34—Opunmr, Géteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjarde
Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 53, pl. 5, figs. 10, 10a.

262 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Actaea spinifera Kinestny, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 31, 1879
(1880), p. 392 (type-locality, Plantation Key, Florida; type in Mus. Phila.
Acad.).

Diagnosis—Carapace, chelipeds and legs covered with conical
spines or tubercles; lateral lobes bordered with spines; fingers short,
channeled, rough except at tips.

Description —Carapace and feet covered with long hairs; lobules
of anterior portion of carapace very prominent, covered with pointed
tubercles or spinules, between which are deep smooth grooves.
Frontal lobes four, outer pair small, forming inner angle of orbit,
those of inner pair large, separated by a relatively broad median
U. Margin of front and orbits armed with spines. Antero-lateral
margin cut into five lobes, each armed with three or four spines;
outer orbital angle also spinulous. Postero-lateral borders concave.
Posterior margin marked by rows of tubercles. Basal article of
antenna spinulous. Merus of outer maxillipeds tuberculate, margins
denticulate. Chelipeds subequal. Wrist and hand covered with
spines; fingers short, spinulous, blunt, and somewhat hollowed out
at tips; white at tips, remainder black, the black color extending in
old males over nearly the whole hand. Ambulatory feet spinous.

Color.—Purplish, pincers brown (Desbonne and Schramm).

Measuremenis—Male (56802), total length of carapace 22.3,
width 31, fronto-orbital width 15.8, width of front 9, width across
submedian lobes 5.8 mm. Female (48568) total length of carapace
22.3, width 32.4, fronto-orbital width 16.2, width of front 9.6, width
across sui aioe lobes 6.6 mm.

Range—Florida Keys to Fernando Noronha, Brazil. Toa depth
of 10 fathoms.

Material excamined.—

Rodriguez Creek, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 young (14428).

Bird Key reef, Tortugas, Florida; W. L.. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie
Institution: South end of reef; washed from seaweed from four rocks
cracked up; July 31, 1924; 1 female (59407). Mid-section; August
1, 1924; 1 male (59408). Low tide; June 7, 1925; station 25-6;
1 beclelins 1 female (60844).

F Bibra’ exact locality not given; possibly a bene of A. spin-
jera; Pagieeley collection”; received from Boston Society of Natural
History; 1 male (56802).

Nassau, Bahamas; April 15, 1902; Dr. George B. Shattuck; re-
ceived from Gonsranhis Society of Baltimore; 1 female (31047).

Cabafias, Cuba; 2 to 12 fathoms; sand, shell, grass to mud bottom;
June 8-9, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.,
station 16; caught by copper sulphating on reef; 1 female (48568).

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 female (17966).

Miragoane, Haiti; from coral; September 10, 1927; Walter J.
Eyerdam; 1 female (60716).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 263

Off Gallards Bank, Porto Rico; tangent of Murillo de Cabo Rojo,
EB. SE. % E., 9% miles; 10 fathoms; Co. S.; temperature 26.3° C.;
January 26, 1899; station 6076 (148), Fish Hawk; 1 female (24272).

Fernando Noronha, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Ex-
plorations; 2 males (40625).

Other records.—St. Bartholomew (Odhner); Guadeloupe (Desbonne
and Schramm); Fernando Noronha (Pocock).

Genus GLYPTOXANTHUS A. Milne Edwards

Glyptozanthus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 253; type, G.
erosus A. Milne Edwards= Actaea erosa Stimpson, 1859.

Actaea OpHNER, Géteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjarde Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1,
1925, p. 35 (part).

Near Actaea. Body thick, the lateral margin continued anteriorly
downward and forward to the angle of the buccal cavity; suborbital
region deep. Antero-lateral margin distinctly separated from the
postero-lateral, having a strong tooth or lobe at the lateral angle.
Surface, in American species, deeply eroded, above and below and
on the appendages, except the dactyls of the ambulatories~which
are rough with granules and sharp spinules. The frontal lobes are
rounded and deflexed to a line below the level of the orbits. Orbits
deep and almost round. Basal antennal article wide and wedged
between front and lower margin of orbit. Inner distal angle of
merus of maxilliped deeply cut. Fingers pointed. Ambulatory
legs strong; they with the chelipeds when retracted fit close together.

Middle America; West Africa; Cape Verde Islands; Red Sea.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS GLYPTOXANTHUS

A!. Cardiac elevation without long transverse furrows. Both lateral and median
mesogastric punctae.
B!. Vermiculations very rough, intervening furrows narrow. 5 L convex.

Outer areole of 2 M independent anteriorly__-_-_------ erosus, p. 263.
B?. Vermiculations smooth, intervening furrows wide. 5 L flat. Outer
areole of 2 M entirely independent___---_------ labyrinthicus, p. 266.

A®. Cardiac elevation with two long transverse furrows. Mesogastric punctae
median only. Outer areole of 2 M confluent with epigastric area____-_-
vermiculatus, p. 266.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF GLYPTOXANTHUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
erosus labyrinthicus

GLYPTOXANTHUS EROSUS (Stimpson)
Plate 107

Actaea erosa Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 51 [5]
(type-locality, Florida; type not extant).

Xantho vermiculatus DEsBONNE and ScHramMm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 27
(teste A. Milne Edwards).

Glyptoranthus erosus A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 254,
pl. 48, figs. 3 and 3a; pl. 44, figs. 4-4c.

264 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.—Surface vermiculated; vermiculations rough; furrows
between them narrow; punctae numerous; mesogastric punctae
median and lateral; 5 L convex.

Description.—Carapace flattened in its posterior three-fourths
and transversely so in its middle two-thirds. Frontal and antero-
lateral regions rolling convexly downward. The whole upper and
lower surface of body and feet, exposed when the chelipeds and legs
are flexed, has a deeply eroded or vermiculated appearance, being
filled with small cavities which make a regular pattern. The elevated
portions between the cavities are formed by masses of small granules
crowded close together. This produces a very rough surface in the
young and half grown; in the old the surface has worn off until it is
more or less smooth and the granulation is evident only with a lens
and is indicated largely by small punctae between granules. Margins
of cavities fringed with short pubescence. Carapace areolated, but
the divisions are to a large extent rendered indistinct by the character
of the surface. Lateral boundaries of gastric region deep; also the
median suture from the frontal margin to the mesogastric region. A
transverse suture runs a little behind each orbit, between the marginal
teeth E and N and forms the anterior boundary of the outer of the
two protogastric areoles. Another transverse suture extends from
near the median line in front of the cardiac region outward to the
base of marginal tooth S. A suture across the carapace behind cardiac
region is partly interrupted at middle by a small, transverse nodule.
From the gastric region a curved suture concave forward, separates
2L,3 L, N from 5 L,4 L, T. Front steeply inclined; median lobes
evenly rounded, separated by a V notch from each other and by a
broad oblique rounded sinus from the small, conical, blunt outer
lobes. Outer angle of orbit neither dentiform nor projecting. The
first of the four antero-lateral teeth (E of Dana) is prominent, a little
below the orbital level, the inner and inferior slope of its acute edge
is directed toward the angle of the buccal cavity. Lobes N and T
are successively longer than E; above T is a shallow blunt point on
the lobe 4 L. S is dentiform, subacute and set off from the rest of
the margin.

On the ischium of the outer maxilliped is an obliquely longitudinal
erosion pointed at both ends and extending nearly the whole length of
the article; a second, parallel suture on the outer distal half forms part
of an erosion which involves the adjacent carapace. A notch on
anterior margin of merus.

Hands short and broad, upper surface divided by furrows into trans-
verse tuberculate ridges, outer surface divided into longitudinal ridges
the tubercles of which are smaller and better defined. Fingers short,
deeply grooved, 4-5-toothed within, dactyls tuberculate at base on
the upper side. Ambulatory legs with hairy edges, dactyli pubescent.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 265

On the first five segments of the abdomen the eroded cavity is
transverse and in the male occupies the entire width of segment.

Color.—A specimen in formalin was cream white with blotches and
small spots of bright red, especially persistent on the ambulatory
legs, the dactyls of which are red at base and yellowish distally.
. Measurements.—Male (25578), entire length of carapace 33, width
» 47.3 mm.
_ Range.—Bahamas; east Florida; Gulf of Mexico. Guadeloupe
(Desbonne and Schramm, as vermiculatus). On coral reefs, to a depth
of 36 fathoms. (A. Milne Edwards.)

Material examined. —

BAHAMAS.—Frederick Stearns collection; specimens destroyed
by fire.
FLORIDA.—Biscayne Bay; 1901; J. E. Benedict; 1 male (25573).

Cape Florida; G. Wurdemann; Gray Fund, June, 1859; 1 male,
1 female (2217, M. C. Z.).

Tortugas; June-August, 1926; W. H. Longley; 1 female (60719).

Tortugas; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Institution: West of
Loggerhead Key; six dredge hauls off dock and north of lighthouse

pier; 8-5 feet; August 3, 1924; 1 male (60846). Near Fort Jefferson
landing, Garden Key; from rocks and Halimeda scraped from rocks;
August 17, 1924; 1 male (60845). White Shoals; July 20, 1924;
stations 35, 36; 1 young (61104). About 10 miles south of No. 2
buoy; 35-37 fathoms; coarse sand; June 10, 1925; haul 206; 2 cara-
paces (60847).
¥ Southwest of Cedar Keys; lat. 28° 46’ 00’’ N.; long. 84° 49’ 00’’
| W.; 26 fathoms; ers. S. Co.; March 15, 1885; station 2406, Albatross;
_ 1 male (17814).
Southwest of Cape San Blas; lat. 29° 17’ 00’’ N.; long. 85° 30’ 45”
_ W.; 26 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; February 7, 1885; station 2371,
_ Albatross; 1 female (9608). .
Pensacola; in stomach of fish; D. S. Jordan; 1 male, much defaced
_ (4665).
_ LOUISIANA.—Grand Isle; June 25, 1928; E. H. Behre; 1 young
(63038).

MEXICO.—Campeche Snapper Banks, NE. coast of Mexico;
Joseph Lee; one specimen returned to sender.

Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; lat. 22° 18’ 00’’ N.; long. 87° 04’ 00”
_ W.; 24 fathoms; wh. R. Co.; January 30, 1885; station 2365, Albatross;
_ 2 males, 2 females (9585).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; lat. 22° 07’ 30’’ N.; long. 87° 06’ 00’
_ W.,; 21 fathoms; wh. R. Co.; January 30, 1885; station 2363, Albatross;
e 3 males, 1 female (15001).

266 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
GLYPTOXANTHUS LABYRINTHICUS (Stimpson)
Plate 108, Figures 1-3

Actaea labyrinthica Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p.
204 [76] (type-locality, Panama; type not extant).

Actaea meandrica Locxtneton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol 7, 1876 (1877),

“ts p. 97 [8] (type-locality, Mulege Bay, Gulf of California; types not extant).

Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 255,
pl. 48, figs. 4-40.

Diagnosis —Surface vermiculated; vermiculations smooth; fur-
rows between them wide; punctae relatively few; mesogastric punctae
median and lateral; 5 L flattened.

Description.—Carapace flatter than in erosus, less minutely eroded
or vermiculated; furrows wider, the prominent parts between prin-
cipal furrows of erosion being smaller, flatter, and smoother; they are
covered with a very fine flat granulation not at all rough. The differ-
ence in elevation is especially notable in the area 5 L. The tubercles
on outer surface of hands are pointed or mammilliform.

Lockington says: “This little crab has a peculiarly compact ap-
pearance. The rugosities of its limbs are so arranged that when they
are folded up close to the carapax not a portion of smooth surface can
be seen either above or below, the only smooth portions being lateral
and hidden.”

Color.—Variegated with yellow and carmine (Stimpson).

Measurements —Female (3272), total length of carapace 23.2,
width 32.8 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico; Panama; Galapagos Islands.

Material examined—Panama: Rev. J. Rowell; 1 male, type
(1295, M.C.Z.). Capt. John M. Dow; 1 male, 1 female (8272).
Darien Exped., Dr. Maack; 2 males (2218, M.C.Z.). On reef:
March 12, 1891; Albatross; 1 male (20604).

Pearl Islands, Panama Bay; April, 1875; S. Garman; 1 female
(2306, M.C.Z.).

Galapagos Islands; June, 1872; Hassler Exped.; 1 female (2219,
M.C.Z.), slight variation.

GLYPTOXANTHUS VERMICULATUS (Lamarck)
Plate 108, Figure 4; Plate 109

Cancer vermiculatus Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 271
(type-locality unknown; type in Paris Mus.).

Xantho vermiculatus M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 391.—A.
MILNE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 4, 1868, p. 49.

Actaea angolensis Briro CapELuo, Desc. alg. esp. nov. Crust. e Arach. Portugale
poss. Port. do ultramar, 1866, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 3-3b; reprinted in Mem. Acad.
R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. de Sci. Nat., new ser., vol. 4, 1867, pt. 1 (type-locality,
Angola; type in Lisbon Mus.).

Glyptoxzanthus vermiculatus A. M1LNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 255,
pl. 43, figs. 2-2b.—Ratusoun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 288.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 267

Actaea (Psaumis) maeandrina KiunzinGER, Nova Acta, Abh. K. Leop.-Carol.
Deutschen Akad. Naturforscher, vol. le, No. 2, 1912, p. 89 [185], pl. 1 [5],
fig. 5a—5b, pl. 6 [10], fig. 4 (type in Stuttgart Mus.).

_ Actaea vermiculata ODHNER, Géteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjirde Foljden, vol. 29,
No. 1, 1925, p. 57, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Diagnosis —Surface vermiculated; vermiculations smooth, showing
boundaries between granules; elongate furrows replacing most
punctae; cardiac elevation crossed by two long transverse furrows;
all mesogastric punctae median.

_ Description.—In some respects intermediate between erosus and

labyrinthicus; as for example, in convexity of carapace and of vermic-
ulations, and in distinctness of granulation. The raised surface is
composed entirely of granules crowded close together and smoothed

_ off so that the elevations present a glossy surface ornamented with

darker lines indicating boundaries of granules. Sutures between

larger divisions, as well as smaller ones, wide as in labyrinthicus.

The number of depressions in the vermiculations is fewer than in
either of the other species, partly due (1) to the confluence of two or
_ more depressions to form elongate ones as on 5 L. and 2 M and most
- noticeably on 1 P where there are two long transverse furrows, and
(2) to the opening of many of the small depressions into the furrows
_ bordering the islets instead of being entirely enclosed. 3 M has only
three depressions, all median, against six (four in a transverse line,
two median) in labyrinthicus and erosus.

The connections of certain areoles are different in the three allied
species. The outer protogastric areole (2 M) is independent in
labyrinthicus, continuous with the epigastric area in vermiculatus,
while in erosus it is free anteriorly but confluent posteriorly with the .
mesogastric areole. 2 L and 3 L are united in vermiculatus and
erosus, separate in labyrinthicus.

Tubercles on outer surface of palm acutely pointed as in
_labyrinthicus but much more complex in their basal outlines.

Color.—White, including the fingers in their whole length; ambu-
latory claws horn color (Klunzinger).

Measurements—Female (7589), entire length of carapace 21.8,
width 32.6 mm.

Range.—Curagao, South America; Angola, West Africa (Brito
Capello, Osorio).

Material examined.—Curagao; February 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 1
female (7589).

Remarks.—Brito Capello’s figure shows the two elongate cardiac
furrows; on the other hand the areoles are represented much more
subdivided and the outer furrow on the ischium of the external
maxilliped much longer and more complete than in the Curagao
specimen here described. The American and African forms are

268 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

united on the authority of A. Milne Edwards (1868) who says,
“Le Xantho vermiculatus des Antilles a été signalé 4 Angola par

M. Capello.”
Genus DAIRA de Haan

Daira DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 4 and 18; type, D. perlata
(Herbst) =Cancer perlatus Herbst, 1790=Cancer daira Herbst, 1801= Cancer
(Daira) perlatus de Haan, 1833.

Lagostoma Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 386; type, L.
perlata (Herbst) =Cancer perlatus Herbst, 1790. |

Carapace broad, oval, strongly convex in both directions, regions
well delimited and subdivided into very numerous rounded, convex
lobules; antero-lateral borders strongly arched, crenate; postero-lateral
borders concave, very short. Front deflexed, bilobed, lobes con-
spicuous and prominent. Orbital margin thickened and smoothly
crenulate, a strong suture line in lower margin. Eyes on short thick
subglobular stalks. Antennules folding obliquely owing to large size
of basal article; interantennular septum broad. Basal article of
antenna not touching front, the next article and the very short
flagellum wedged in gap between orbit and front. Merus of outer
maxillipeds with a wide and deep notch in anterior margin.

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes; finger tips either spoon-shaped
or acute. Upper edge of merus of chelipeds and legs crestlike,
serrated; upper edge of succeeding joints of legs with a crest of stout
sharp spines; all this ornamentation concealed by a thick fringe of
long coarse hair. Abdomen of male with all seven segments distinct,
but the 3rd—5th not movable on one another. (After Alcock.)

Contains two species, D. perlata, widely distributed through the
Indo-Pacific region, and D. americana from the west coast of middle
America.

DAIRA AMERICANA Stimpson
Plate 110, Figures 1 and 2

Daira americana Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 212
[84] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type in M.C.Z.).—A. Minne Epwarps,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 1, 1866, p. 299, pl. 16, figs. 4-4e.

Diagnosis —Thick tufts of hair among tubercles of carapace.
Finger tips pointed, not spooned.

Description——The furrows separating the different areoles or
groups of tubercles on the carapace are filled with thick tufts of coarse
hair; these tufts are scarce on the posterior third of the carapace,
and are almost absent from a young female 10.8 mm. wide. Tubercles
crowded with fine flattened granules, and marked in many cases with —
impressed lines or patterns of punctae; punctate lines also separate —
individual tubercles. The five large crenations of the antero-lateral
margin are separated by units of one or two smaller crenations, best —
seen from below, hairy above. |

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 269

Upper and outer surface of wrist lobulated like the carapace but
without hairy tufts. The same surface of hand and dactylus covered
with more or less conical tubercles. Upper part of inner surface of
wrist and hand covered with a mosaic of flat markings; a similar
mosaic occurs on outer surface of arm and merus of legs, but on the
dactyli and propodites of the legs the tubercles are either spiny or
acute. Fingers pointed, cutting edges dentate in both chelae.
Lower edge and surface of merus of legs somewhat excavate to
receive the bulging of carpus and propodus in flexion. Upper edge
of legs down to the propodus fringed with hair which partially conceals
their sculpture. A few brushes of hair on under side of propodus
and dactylus.

Color.—Specimens in alcohol are shaded brown, darker anteriorly.

Measurements —Female (5768), total length of carapace 26,
width 37 mm.

Range.—Lower California [‘‘ California,’ A. Milne Edwards] to Ecua-

dor (Nobili).
Material examined.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico;
John Xantus; 1 male, type (1275, M. C. Z.). Socorro Island, Mexico;
Hanna and Jordan, California Acad. Sci.; 1 young female, returned.
Panama; Capt. John M. Dow; 2 females, 1 young (5768).

Genus CARPOPORUS Stimpson

Carpoporus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 138; type, C.
papulosus Stimpson.

Carapace subhexagonal, nearly as long as broad; antero-lateral
margin in a line which conducts beneath the orbit anteriorly, armed
with about three small teeth and drawn in posteriorly, the greatest
breadth of the carapace being at the penultimate tooth; postero-
lateral about as long as posterior margin; facial region very broad;
front prominent. Orbit circular. Basal article of antennae narrowing
forwards, reaching the front, and the hiatus of the orbit; movable
part of peduncle very small; flagellum about as long as eye. Chelipeds
when retracted having a large hole above between the carpus and
manus for the passage of water to the afferent branchial apertures.
Third, fourth, and fifth segments of the male abdomen fused; ter-
minal segment as broad as long.

Contains only one species.

CARPOPORUS PAPULOSUS Stimpson
Plate 110, Figures 3-6; Plate 111

Carpoporus papulosus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 139
(type-localities, SW. of Tortugas, 25 fathoms, and off Carysfort Reef, 52
fathoms; types not extant).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879,
p. 247, pl. 44, figs. 1-1d.

270 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.—Chelipeds with a large hole above between carpus and
manus. Lobes of front very oblique, edge concave. Color of fixed
finger encroaching very slightly on palm.

Description.—Carapace naked above, areolated; areolets protu-
berant, somewhat wartlhke and granulated; gastric and epibranchial
regions very prominent. Lateral teeth small, spiniform, their inter-
spaces armed with denticles, two or three in number. Front strongly
projecting at middle and bilobed, margin of lobe concave, inner end
rectangular, outer end spiniform. Peduncle of eye granulated, a few
spinules at summit. Orbit with the margin sharply granulated above,
two closed fissures faintly indicated, no tooth at upper inner angle;
two or three spinules below near outer side and a spine at lower inner
angle. Exposed portion of outer maxillipeds, except dactyls, orna-
mented with bead granules.

Chelipeds when retracted having a Jarge hole above between the
carpus and manus for the passage of water to the afferent branchial
apertures. Near the middle of the inner surface of the manus are
two unequal peglike spines, which form in retraction a sort of filter
before the branchial opening. |

Carpus and hand sculptured externally with granulated protu- |
berances which on the hand are arranged in four or five longitudinal - |
rows; hand serrated above with four teeth, partially joined by a thin |
web; fingers stout, short, less than half as long as palm. Legs thickly |
hairy below; carpus and propodus armed posteriorly with acorn-:
shaped spines. |

Measurements—Male (15006), length of carapace 13.2, width of |
same 16, fronto-orbital width 9.5, width of front 5.6 mm. |

Range.—Off North Carolina to Mexico. |

Material excamined.—See table, page 271. |

Genus LIPAESTHESIUS Rathbun

Lipaesthesius RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 584; type, Z. |
leeanus Rathbun.

Anterior portion of carapace very broad, posterior fourth very)
narrow; anterior half very convex longitudinally, posterior half!
flattened. Antero-lateral margin arcuate, running obliquely down-.
ward to angle of buccal cavity. Front deflexed, forming a projecting |
hood over the antennules. Orbits small, subcircular, without!
sutures. The anterior margin of the basal antennal article is joined
to the downward prolongation of the front, only the flat lower surface:
of the article being exposed to view. The epistome has a deep
transverse invagination through its entire width. Abdomen of male:
with third to fifth segments fused. Chelipeds concave on inner side:
to fit closely against carapace. Last pair of legs fitting into postero-
lateral sinus of carapace.

One species only.

271

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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272 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

LIPAESTHESIUS LEEANUS Rathbun
Plate 112

Lipaesthesius leeanus RaTuBunN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 585, pl.
42, figs. 4 and 5 (type-locality, southern part of Gulf of California, 10
fathoms; type, Cat. No. 21581, U.S.N.M.).

Medaeus rugosus Boone, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 201, text-fig. 70 (type-loca'ity,
off Gardner Bay, Hood Island, Galapagos Islands; type in Mus. N. Y. Zool.
Soc.).

Diagnosis.—Basal antennal article terminating at prolongation of
front. Surface of carapace and appendages covered with pearly
granules which form a more or
less reticulating pattern.

Description.—Mesogastric and
cardiac regions depressed; proto-
gastric region forming an elevated
protuberance; a similar but
smaller protuberance at middle of
branchial region, and in front of
it, two tubercles. Hepatic region
inclined strongly toward the ver-
tical. Antero-lateral margin sub-
acute, with about four distant
tubercles above the edge. Sur-
face covered with coarse, bead
granules arranged to form a net-
FIGURE 43.—LIPAESTHESIUS LEEANUS, MALE, work oran eroded surface; gastric

HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 11.4 MM. WIDE. a. FRONT

view. b. DORSAL VIEW sutures smooth. Front strongly

deflexed, thin, emarginate, a short
closed median fissure; lobes oblique, sinuous, bent down at outer angles
to meet basal antennal article. Upper inner angle of orbit fused
with the front and without tooth.

The basal antennal article is broad behind, obliquely placed, its
distal surface (where the next article is commonly attached) is fixed
against the downward prolongation of the front. In the type-
specimen, the inner lower angle of the orbit also joins the front,
closing the orbit. The antenna, however, is not without a flagellum,
as at first supposed. By rotating the eyestalk a short flagellum of a
few articles (tip broken off) was disclosed; its attachment is entirely
concealed as it proceeds from the upper surface of the basal article,
bordering the lining of the orbit.** In a smaller male from the type-
locality, the union of the front with the orbital angle is very slight,
whereas in a small male from Maria Madre, there is no union of front
with orbit and the outer angle of the basal article of the antenna lies
in the orbital hiatus. The attachment of the movable part of the
antenna to the basis is concealed but is not so remote from the orbital

8 This discovery was not made until the validity of ‘‘ Medaeus rugosus’’ was investigated.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 273

opening as in the type-specimen, with the result that the flagellum,
which is as long as the eyestalk, is not concealed; three articles of the
peduncle are visible and at least seven of the flagellum.

Ventral surface of crab granulous and eroded, except abdomen and
portions against which legs are applied. Abdomen almost smooth.
Palpus of endognath folded above merus and only slightly visible in
ventral view.

Chelipeds subequal, thick, outer surface granulate and eroded.
Fingers gradualiy curved downward, very rough with granulation
except at the tip; prehensile edges toothed, not gaping; color brown,
that of fixed finger running back on palm, further on inner surface
than on outer; dactylus longer than superior margin of palm. Legs
short, ornamented with granulations similar to those on carapace.

Measurements —Male holotype, length of carapace 8.4, width of
same 11.4, fronto-orbital width 5.7, width of front 3.6 mm.

Range.—F rom Gulf of California, Mexico, to the Galapagos Islands.

Material ecamined.—Gulf of California: East of La Paz; lat. 24°
11’ 30’’ N., long. 109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; Sh.; April 30, 1888;
station 2828, Albatross; 2 males, holotype and paratype (21581).

Maria Madre Island, Mexico; 4-10 fathoms; California Academy
of Sciences; 1 male (62713); 1 young female, returned.

Gardner Bay, off Hood Island, Galapagos; 15 feet; William Beebe
by diving at station 54, Arcturus; one ovigerous female, holotype of
Medaeus rugosus (Mus. N. Y. Zool. Soe.).

Genus MEDAEUS Dana

Medaeus Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 125; type, M. ornatus
Dana, 1852.—Atucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 67, 1898, p. 123.—
OvDHNER, G6teborg’s K. Vet. Hand., Fjirde Foljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925,
p. 81.

Carapace not very broad, hexagonal, regions well defined and well
areolated. Antero-lateral border ascending, cut into about four
large teeth with thick tuberculiform tips, and continued beneath the
orbits to the angles of the buccal cavern. Fronto-orbital border
half, or a little more than half, the greatest breadth of the carapace.
Front about a fourth, or a little more than a fourth, the greatest
breadth of the carapace, horizontal, rather prominent, notched in the
middle line, separated from the supra-orbital margin by a notch.
Chelipeds either unequal or subequal, wrists and hands typically
covered with large nodules, fingers pointed. Abdomen of male with
third to fifth somites fused.

Indo-Pacific region; tropical America.

79856—30——19

274 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MEDAEUS

A!. Palm with a superior lobate crest.
B!. Carpus of ambulatory legs with a multidenticulate crest.
spinimanus, p. 274.
B2. Carpus of ambulatory legs with a trilobed crest__------ lobipes, p. 275.
A®. Palm without lobate crest, and armed with spinules only_-_spinulifer, p. 276.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF MEDAEUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
spinimanus lobipes

MEDAEUS SPINIMANUS (Milne Edwards)
Plate 113

Cancer spinimanus MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 378
(type-locality unknown; type in Paris Mus.).

Cancer miniatus DESBONNE and ScHRAMM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 23, pl. 4,
fig. 3 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not extant).

Medaeus spinimanus A. MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 7, 1867,
p. 270; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 250; 1880, pl. 44, figs. 3-36.

Diagnosis —Carpus of ambulatory legs with a multidenticulate
crest. Distal end of abdominal segments of male without a band of
pubescence. Tuberculation of carapace coarse and conspicuous.

Description.—Carapace bare, strongly lobulated especially anteri-
orly; all the prominent parts granulate, all the furrows smooth.
Front most advanced in the middle, lobes oblique, a narrow median
fissure, best seen from below where it is continued to the point of the
epistome. Orbits subcircular; infero-internal angle more produced
than basal article of antenna. Antero-lateral border cut into four
triangular teeth which are united by a denticulate crest; the first
tooth which is the smallest is placed below the level of the outer
orbital angle. Pterygostomian regions, outer maxillipeds and ster-
num granulate.

Chelipeds short and stout; arm not projecting beyond carapace,
granulated below; wrist rugose and granulate outside and above, two
somewhat conical teeth at inner angle; hand surmounted by a crest
cut into five large teeth, and ornamented outside with raspberrylike
tubercles arranged more or less in longitudinal rows and separated by
irregular, crowded granules; fingers broad, deeply channeled, pre-
hensile edges meeting when closed; above the dactylus a crest the
edge of which is feebly granulate in its proximal half. Color of
immovable finger not continued on palm. Ambulatory legs rather
long, covered with granules or spinules, margins hairy except the
dactyls which are hairy all over.

Abdomen of male narrow, basal half granulate.

Color.—Carapace yellowish gray spotted with vermilion; chelipeds
vermilion, legs spotted with the same; fingers brown (Desbonne).
Orange red (A. Hyatt Verrill).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 275

Measurements —Male (81085), entire length of carapace 20.4,
greatest width of same 34.7, fronto-orbital width 16.6, front 9.9 mm.

Range.—Bahamas; West Indies. Rare.

Material examined.—Off Green Cay, Bahamas; in oyster dredge;
June 30, 1903; B. A. Bean, Geographic Society of Baltimore; 1 male
(31085).

Guadeloupe; M. Beaupertius; received from Paris Museum;
1 female (20265).

Dominica; 15 fathoms; A. Hyatt Verrill; identified from pencil
sketch.

Martinique; specimen in Paris Museum.

MEDAEUS LOBIPES Rathbun
Plate 114
Medaeus lobipes RatuxBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 583, pl. 44,

fig. 1 (type-locality, Panama Bay, 33 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 21580,
U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Carpus of ambulatory legs with a trilobed crest. Distal
end of abdominal
segments of male
with a band of pubes-
cence. Tubercula-
tion of carapace fine,
inconspicuous.

Description—Com-
pared to M. spinim-
anus, the carapace is
shorter and broader,
lobules similar in
shape and position,
their area of tuber-
culation diminishing
with age; front less
advanced, its lobes
less oblique. Cardiac

and metagastric re-

gion each divided by FIGURE 44.—MEDAEUS LOBIPES, MALE, HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 25.6 MM-
WIDE, DORSAL VIEW

a median sulcus into
two lobules. Chelipeds more feebly roughened than in spinimanus;
teeth on upper border of hand very unequal, the second, counting
from the wrist, largest, the distal one a low tubercle. Ambulatory
legs shorter than in the allied species; merus denticulate or spinul-
ous on upper margin, carpus with a trilobed crest above, propodus
with a row of three smaller lobes or teeth on each side of the upper
surface; a similar row on each side of the carpus of the first three
legs, and on the outside of the last leg. Legs hairy, especially the

276 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

last. First three segments of male abdomen tuberculate; distal
end of each segment save the last marked by a narrow transverse
band of pubescence. Posterior half of sternum tuberculate, anterio1
half punctate.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length Ae carapace 17, width 25.6
mm. Female (21986), length 8.5, width 12.3 mm.

Range—Cape St. Lucas, Mexico; Bay of Panama; Galapagos
Islands, 5% to 33 fathoms

Material eramined.—Oft Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico:
lat. 22° 52’ 00’ N.; long. 109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 31 fathoms; rky.; temp.
Wa on Mia 1888: station 2829, Albatross; 1 male (21987).

Bay a poe: 1888: Albatross: Lat. 8° 05’ 00’’ N.; long. 78° 51’
00’’ W.; 33 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; Mar. 5; station 2796; 1 male,
holotype 21580); Hat) 7° 56" 00" Nis longi792)41%30"", Wi aiis
fathoms; gn. M.; Mar. 30; Metath 2805; 2 small males (21985).

Off Hood Island, Galapagos Islands; lat. 1° 21’ 30’’ S.; long.
89° 39’ 45’’ W.; 20 fathoms; co. 8.; April 7, 1888; station 2812,
Albatross; 1 female (21986).

MEDAEUS SPINULIFER (Rathbun), new combination

Pilumnus spinulifer Ratuspun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 585, pl.
42, figs. 6-8 (type-locality, off Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms; type, Cat. No.
21582, U.S. N. M.); Proce.
Washington Acad. Sci., vol.
4, 1902, p. 281—Boong,
Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 217,
text-fig. 79.

Diagnosis—Rough and
hairy. Four lateral spines,

a subhepatic spine. Frontal

lobes triangular. Half or

nearly half of outer surface

‘of major palm smooth and

bare.

Description.—Carapace
covered with a short coating
of downy hair, thicker on
anterior portion, where there
are tufts of longer and stouter

FIGURE 45.—MEDAEUS SPINULIFER, MALE, HOLOTYPE, setae; or it May be nearly

Bat oaleWakhnere i a. MAJOR CHELA. 6b. MINOR naked in large specimens.
Carapace wide, convex in

both directions, deeply areolated, covered with spinjform granules
which are very small posteriorly, but larger anteriorly, many be-
coming spinules on the antero-lateral regions. Median sinus of
front very large and V-shaped, forming inner margins of two large
angular lobes whose outer margins are longer and very oblique;

a

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 277

outer angles of front rectangular, inconspicuous; edge thin and granu-
Jate. Superior margin of orbit spinulous, inferior margin armed with
slender spines; inner suborbital tooth prominent, subtriangular, edge
spinulous, sharp. Antero-lateral margin with four spines, bordered by
smaller spines or spinules; between the second and first or orbital tooth
is the greatest interval, below which is a subhepatic spine similar to,
but less produced than those of the margin. Lower surface of cara-
pace rough, similar to upper.

Chelipeds hairy except on smooth portions. Arms granulate on outer
surface; margins armed with spines and spinules, those of upper surface
increasing in size distally. Wrist rough with sharp granules or spinules.
Upper and proximal half of outer surface of major palm covered with
stout spinules, which have a tendency to form longitudinal rows and
toward the lower and distal margins become smaller and granuliform.
Smaller palm roughened on entire outer surface with spinules or spini-
form granules; upper surface with two rows of spines; inner face gran-
ulous except near fingers; dactyli of both chelipeds a little roughened
near the base. Fingers of minor chela deeply grooved, of major chela
Jess so. Merus of legs armed on anterior margin with a row of slender
spines; posterior margin spinulous; carpus and propodus armed above,
below, and anteriorly with a row of spines. Legs sparingly hairy.

Variation.—In the largest (type) specimens the carapace is nearly
naked and rougher than in the smaller specimens; the bare portion of
the outer surface of the major palm is more distal than inferior. In
the Galapagan specimens the carapace is clothed with hair, and the
bare portion on the major palm is almost wholly inferior and is set
off by a longitudinal row of acute granules.

Measurements —Male, holotype, entire length of carapace 8.8,
width of same including spines 12.5, fronto-orbital width 8.2, width of
front 4 mm.

Range.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to Gala-
pagos Islands.

Material eramined.—Off Cape St. Lucas; lat. 22° 52’ 00’’ N.; long.
109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 31 fathoms; rky.; temperature 74.1° F.; station
2829, Albatross; 2 males, 1 is holotype (21582).

Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands; 1899; Hopkins
Stanford Galapagos Expedition: 12 fathoms; 1 male (25670), 1 male,
1 young female (Stanford Univ.). Reef, north of Tagus Hill:
March 16; 1 male (25669).

Remarks.—In this species the antero-lateral border is not prolonged
so distinctly to the buccal angle as in typical Medaeus. In this
respect it is akin to M. reynaudii (Milne Edwards), formerly in Xantho,
but recently placed in Medaeus by Odhner.** In spinulifer the areo-
lation, shape of front and arrangement of lateral teeth conform to

Medaeus.

* Goteborg’s K. Vet. Hand., Fiirde Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 81.

278 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
GAUDICHAUDIA, new genus

Type.—Xantho gaudichaudvi Milne Edwards.

Diagnosis —Near Xantho. Front one-fifth of carapace-width;
margin thick, appearing double-edged, bilobed, lower or true edge
quadrilobulate. Orbits subcircular, edge subentire, three sutures
faintly indicated. Basal article of antenna broad, touching front;
first movable article broad, situated in the orbital hiatus. Epistome
slightly produced at middle. Antero-external margin of merus of
outer maxilliped nearly transverse; antero-internal margin not deeply
notched, but sinuous or somewhat trilobed. Legs broad, thick, and
rough. Otherwise as in Xantho.

Contains only one species.

GAUDICHAUDIA GAUDICHAUDII (Milne Edwards), new combination

Plates 126 and 127

Xantho gaudichaudit MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 396
(type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.).—Mrintnr Epwarps and Lucas,
d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 15; vol. 9, atlas, 1847,
pl. 5, fig. 4—Ratuson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 540, pl. 39,
fig. 1 (after Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Xantho bifrons ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 7, 1898, p. 450, pl. 17, fig. 7 (type-
locality, Ancon * Gulf; type in Strassburg Mus.).

Xantho gaudichaudi OrtMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 10, 1897, p. 296—LEnz, Zool.
Jahrb., Suppl. 5, vol. 2, 1902, p. 760.—PortEr, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat.,
vol. 9, 1905, p. 32, text-fig. 1.

Diagnosis —Margin of carapace thick. Edge of front with four
small lobules. Margin of orbit subentire. Four antero-lateral lobes,
the first one almost obsolete. Upper margin of merus of ambulatory
legs spinulous.

Description.—Surface punctate and under the lens finely and
closely granulate. Areolation fairly well marked; a deep longitu-
dinal groove runs back from the fronto-orbital notch. Antero-lateral
margin very thick, without tooth at orbit; first lobe low, obscure;
next three lobes slightly prominent or dentiform with very blunt tips.
Sinuses of front U-shaped, the lateral ones broadly so; both edges of
front coarsely granulate. Inner supra-orbital tooth well marked and
well separated from the front.

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, heavy; upper margin of merus
denticulate, a shallow subdistal sinus; carpus with a short blunt inner
tooth and a more obscure one below; manus widening distally; the
black of the fingers covers all but the tips and the extreme proximal
end of the dactylus, and extends from the immovable finger back a
little on the palm. Ambulatory legs rough and hairy; merus spinu-
lous on upper margin; carpus and propodus more or less sharply

33 Heuador.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 279

roughened on upper half; last three articles covered with short,
bristly hairs.

Color —Reddish brown (Nicolet).

Measurements.—M ale (21993), total length of carapace 33, width of
same 50, fronto-orbital width 18, width of front 10 mm.

Range.—Kcuador to Chile. Island of Juan Fernandez (Porter).

Material examined.—

PERU.—R. E. Coker, for the Peruvian Government: Bay of
Sechura, west of Matacaballa, in trawl at about 5 fathoms, April 8,
1907, 1 very young (40421). La Punta, tide pool on shingle beach,
December, 1906, 1 young male (40422), 1 male (Peruvian Govern-
ment).

CHILE.—Antofogasta; November 15, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1
male (60739). Santiago (?); 1 male (17537). Port Otway; Febru-
ary 10, 1888; Albatross; 8 males, 5 females (21993). Exact locality
not given; 1 immature female (Mus. Paulista, 1306).

Variation.—The young have a more deeply areolated carapace, the
three dentiform lateral lobes more prominent and more acute, the
margin of the frontal lobes concave but not lobulated.

Genus PLATYXANTHUS A. Milne Edwards

Platyranthus A. Minne Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1863, p. 280;
type, P. orbignyi (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Antero-lateral margins strongly arched; front very little advanced
beyond the arch, and deeply separated from the dentiform superior
angles of the orbits. Surface convex, uneven. Antero-lateral margin
cut into five teeth or lobes (including the orbital angle), some or all
of which are subdivided. Front typically quadridentate. Inner
lower tooth of orbit well developed. Basal article of antenna falls
far short of front. Anterior margin of merus of outer maxillipeds
oblique. Chelipeds unequal, strong. No subterminal tooth on merus
of ambulatory legs. Abdomen of male with its seven segments
distinct.

South American coasts.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLATYXANTHUS

A’. Merus of outer maxilliped longer than broad.
B!. Second, third and fourth antero-lateral lobes deeply subdivided into
large teeth. Outer tooth of front directed forward. Fingers shorter
than middle length of palm__-_-____-_-_.___+ ...- orbignyi, p. 280.
B?. Antero-lateral lobes not deeply subdivided. Outer tooth of front di-
rected obliquely outward. Fingers as long as middle length of palm.
cokeri, p. 283.

A®. Merus of outer maxilliped as broad as long.

B'. Regions slightly indicated. Frontal lobes each subdivided by a deep
sinus into two tuberculiform teeth. Dark color almost covering
dactylus ofehelipedste 0 on) Sais ea Tel Lo). crenulatus, p. 281.

280 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

B*. Regions fairly well indicated, especially the hepatic and anterior gastric
regions. Frontal lobes each subdivided by a broad shallow sinus.
Dark color covering about two-thirds of dactylus of chelipeds.

patagonicus, p. 284.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PLATYXANTHUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
crenulatus cokeri

PLATYXANTHUS ORBIGNYI (Milne Edwards and Lucas)

Plate 115; Plate 116, Figure 2
Xantho orbignyi MitneE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mer.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 14; atlas, vol. 9, 1857, pl. 7, fig. 1-le (type-locality,
Chili; type in Paris Mus.).
Platyzanthus orbignyi A. MiuNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1863,
p. 280.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margin cut into nine large teeth. Merus
of outer maxillipeds longer than broad; two punctate lines on ischium.
Ambulatory legs very broad.

Description.—Carapace moderately convex, uneven; regions out-
lined by shallow furrows; a broad median furrow extends backward
from the front margin. Surface paved with crowded flattened gran-
ules; a raised line runs obliquely backward from the last lateral tooth.
Antero-lateral borders broadly arcuate, occupying three-fifths of the
length of the carapace; thay are cut into nine strong teeth trending
forward and a few secondary teeth, not counting the first or orbital
tooth; the last tooth is simple; the eight intermediate ones are resolv-
able by the depth of the emarginations into three groups of two, four
and two teeth respectively. The numerous marginal teeth therefore
correspond to the five teeth or lobes in other species of the genus and
in most species of Xanthidae. Postlateral margin slightly sinuous.
Front divided into four subequal triangular blunt teeth; median
sinus deeper than the lateral. Inner upper tooth of orbit short but
well marked; the three fissures of orbit deeply cut; outer suborbital
tooth more advanced than the one above it; inner suborbital tooth
as advanced as or more advanced than the front.

Ischium of outer mavxillipeds with a longitudinal row of linear
punctae near inner margin; another row of round and more distant
punctae at inner third; merus subtriangular, elongate, outer angle
opposite inner tooth. Chelipeds massive, very unequal; a low pro-
tuberance on upper border of arm and an acute tooth at inner angle
of wrist; palms swollen; fingers shorter than middle length of palm,
gaping; the dark color of the dactylus does not cover the basal fourth,
that of the immovable finger is not continued on the palm; prehensile
teeth white. Under part of carapace, upper border of arm and mar-
gins of legs hairy.

Color.—Red spotted with yellowish above, yellow below, fingers
and nails black (A. Milne Edwards and Lucas).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 281

Measurements.—Male (14847), total length of carapace 63.4,
width of same 93, fronto-orbital width 27.3, width of front 13.8 mm.

Range.—Peru; Chile.

Material examined.—

PERU.—Salavery; October 22, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 3 males,
3 females (2 ovigerous) (60967).

Callao; May 18, 1908; R. E. Coker collector; received from Peru-
vian Government; 1 male (40412).

Callao; specimens in Paris Mus.

San Lorenzo Island; January, 1884; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy;
1 ovigerous female (13864).

Pisco Bay; specimens in Paris Mus.

Peru: Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 3 males, 1 female (14847,
46331). W. E. Curtis; 8 specimens (12552).

PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS A. Milne Edwards
Plate 116, fig. 1; Plates 117-119

Platyxanthus crenulatus A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser. 7, vol. 3,
1879, p. 106, pl. 2, fig. 1 (type-loeality, Patagonia; type in Paris Mus.).
Not P. crenulatus Rathbun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 540,
except figure copied from A. Milne Edwards.

Diagnosis —Carapace nearly smooth; four antero-lateral lobes or
teeth. Merus of outer maxillipeds as broad as long, anterior margin
oblique. Dark color almost covering dactylus of chelipeds.

Description.—Regions feebly indicated. Surface covered with
small separated granules. An oblique raised granulated line on the
hepatic and on the epibranchial region, parallel to each other. Two
similar transverse parallel lines on each protogastric region, the
posterior shorter and further from the median line than the an-
terior; while these granulated lines are distinct in small and medium
specimens they disappear in the old. Antero-laterat borders occupy
half the length of carapace and are cut by three v-notches into two
lobes and two teeth; the first two lobes are subequal in extent, edges
crenulate, the crenules deeply divided in the young, obscure in the
old; the first lobe is transverse for half its length and confluent with
the orbital angle which is dentiform in the young, not so in the old;
third and fourth prominences dentiform, subacute, the third pro-
jecting sideways beyond the line of the preceding lobe and bearing
a denticle or two at the posterior end of its outer margin. A line of
coarse granules runs obliquely inward from tip of last tooth. Post-
lateral margin nearly straight. Four frontal teeth subequal, tuber-
culiform, separated by U-shaped sinuses, median sinus narrow, outer
sinuses very wide. Inner supra-orbital tooth triangular; orbital
fissures deep; of the two inferior, rounded teeth the outer is the smaller
and more advanced than outer angle of orbit, the inner tooth is

282 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

more advanced than the inner supra-orbital tooth but less advanced
than frontal teeth.

Ischium of outer maxillipeds with a deeply impressed longitudinal
line at its inner two-fifths; merus as broad as long. Chelipeds very
unequal in both sexes; a deep subdistal indentation on upper margin
of merus and a corresponding low tooth; a short subacute tooth at
inner angle of wrist; palms inflated, fingers considerably shorter
than middle length of palm, gaping; the dark color of fingers covers
the dactyl except at its base and barely covers the fixed finger;
prehensile teeth white. Dactyls of ambulatory legs clothed, ex-
cept in the longitudinal furrows and the horny tips, with a short
felt; also a fringe of longer hair on the lower margin.

Young.—Two young, the largest only 11.3 mm. wide from La
Paloma, have the front double-edged, the edges granulate and sepa-
rated by a deep groove; the lobes are subtruncate and slightly concave
but scarcely bilobed, although the inner part of the lower lobe projects
slightly beyond the upper edge. In all other characters these speci-
mens resemble adult crenulatus. The probability is, therefore, that
the lower edge of the front in the young becomes the true thick edge
in the adult, and that the upper edge in the young is represented in
the adult by the row of coarse granules just behind the front which is
set off by an inconspicuous groove corresponding to the deep marginal
groove in the young. A series of sizes intermediate between 12 and
40 mm. in carapace width is needed to confirm this surmise.

Color.—Dried male (57124), dark carmine above, light buff below,
ambulatory legs and hind part of carapace dotted with light buff;
fingers nearly black.

Measurements.—Male (57124), total length of carapace 50.8, width
of same 74.2, fronto-orbital width 23.2, front 12.3 mm. Young male
(60972), total length of carapace 8.7, width of same 11.3, fronto-
orbital width 6.1, width of front 3.1 mm..

Range.—Uruguay to Patagonia.

Material examined.—

URUGUAY.—Coronilla Island; beach; 1922; Hugh M. Smith;
1 major chela (57692).

Cabo Polonia, Rocha; F. Felippone; 3 males, 2 females and 3 major
chelae of larger specimens (55569, 56689, 57124).

Cabo Santa Maria, Rocha; F. Felippone; 1 male (57574), 1 female
(54635), 1 female (61379).

Puerto La Paloma; December 6 and 7, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 19
specimens (60964, 60965). March, 1925; Atair; 1 young, lent by
Buenos Aires Mus. (15412), 1 young (60972). F. Felippone; 1 male,
1 ovigerous female (61378).

Punta del Este, Maldonado; 1922; F. Felippone; 1 male (57123).

Montevideo; F. Felippone; 1 male (55174).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 283

ARGENTINA.—Market of Buenos Aires; from stomach of Acan--
thistius patachonicus; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; 1 male (32566).

La Plata; February, 1902; Bisego collector; 1 male (Mus. Paulista,
383).

Puerto San Antonio West; April, 1920; A. Carcelles, collector;
3 females (60963); gift of Buenos Aires Museum.

Mar del Plata; 1 young male (60966); gift of Buenos Aires Museum.

Argentina; exact locality not given; 1910; A. Hrdlicka; 1 female
(50528).

PATAGONIA.—Exact locality not given; d’Orbigny collector;
2 cotypes (Paris Mus.).

PLATYXANTHUS COKERI, new species
Plates 120-122
Platyxanthus crenulatus RatTHswun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 540,
not pl. 39, fig. 2; not P. crenulatus A. Milne Edwards 1879.

Type-locality—Near mouth of Rimac River, Peru; R. E. Coker;
one male holotype (Cat. No. 40410, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis —Carapace very convex. Outer frontal teeth directed
obliquely outward. Merus of maxillipedslonger thanbroad. Fingers
in the old as long as middle length of palm. Major dactylus without
large basal tooth.

Description.—Closely allied to P. crenulatus, to which I formerly
assigned these Peruvian specimens. The carapace is more convex
than in crenulatus; the granulation is similar, but the granules are
thickly interspersed with punctae plainly visible to the naked eye;
the hepatic and the epibranchial ridge are thick and blunt and per-
sist in the old; there is also a single but less evident protogastric
ridge; in the young only is there a trace of the second or short ridge.
The first of the antero-lateral lobes is longer than the second and is
separated from the orbital angle by a distinct sinus; the anterior
margin of the two lateral teeth slopes inward and forward instead of
inward and backward as in crenulatus; postlateral margin more sinu-
ous. Outer teeth of front wider than inner and directed obliquely
outward; median sinus subtriangular, wider than in crenulatus, lateral
sinuses broad, asymmetrical. Inner supra-orbital tooth forming an
obtuse angle; orbital fissures short and shallow; suborbital teeth lobi-
form, outer one low, inner one large, inclined inward and nearly as.
advanced as the outer frontal tooth; outer angle of orbit less advanced:
than the tooth below it. The first and second truncate lobes of the
antero-lateral margin are bordered by shallow crenulations; the last
three sinuses are broadly V-shaped.

Merus of outer maxilliped longer than wide, the anterior (or
antero-external) margin being more oblique than in crenulatus; the
merus is intermediate in shape between those of orbignyt and crenu-
latus. The merus of the chelipeds has a strong, acute, upstanding,

284 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

subdistal tooth; the distal extremity also is acutely pointed. Tooth
at inner angle of carpus strong. Fingers more elongate than in
-crenulatus; in the old the dactylus of both chelae exceeds in length
the middle length of the palm; the major dactylus has no large basal
tooth as is present in both sexes in crenulatus; the dark color of the
fingers in the female of medium size covers little more than the distal
half except alongside the white prehensile teeth; in the old male the
color has almost disappeared, but it seems to have been much less
extensive than in the smaller specimen. The felt-like covering of
the dactylus of the ambulatory legs is interrupted by five longitudinal
lines of short hairs.

Young.—A young male, 31.9 mm. wide, shows the following differ-
ences from the adult: The first and second lobes of antero-lateral
margin are cut into irregular, tuberculiform denticles; the second
lobe, especially on the right is in its entirety more dentiform than in,
the adult.

Measurements.—Male holotype, total length of carapace 59.8,
width of same 88.3, fronto-orbital width 26.7, frontal width 13.6
mm.

Range.—Peru.

Material examined.—

PERU.—R. E. Coker collector; received from Peruvian Govern-
ment: Southeast of Caleta Colon, Bay of Paita; 7 to 8 fathoms;
soft mud; taken in boat beam trawl; April 13; 1 young male (40411).
Near mouth of Rimac River; thrown on beach by strong sea; Feb-
ruary 4, 1907; 1 male holotype, 1 female returned to Peruvian Gov-
ernment. Callao; identified by a photograph received from R. E.
Coker. Pisco, on beach; July 7, 1908; 1 female (40409).

Paita; October 8, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young (62714).

PLATYXANTHUS PATAGONICUS A. Milne Edwards
Plates 123-125

Platyxanthus patagonicus A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser. 7, vol. 3,
1879, p. 107, pl. 1 (type-locality, Patagonia; type in Paris Mus.).
Diagnosis.—Surface very uneven, antero-lateral margin with
numerous indentations. Frontal lobes not deeply subdivided. Merus
of maxilliped broader than long. Dark color covering about two-
thirds of dactylus of chelipeds. Ambulatory legs narrow.
Description.—Carapace uneven; hepatic region defined by broad
deep furrows; anterior mesogastric region distinct; surface covered
with a flat pavement of dense granules and innumerable punctae;
toward the margins and on the ridges coarsely granulate; an hepatic
and an epibranchial ridge, subparallel; a short high epigastric ridge,
a protogastric ridge directed inward and a little backward; a ridge pro-
ceeding obliquely backward from the last lateral tooth and finally turn-

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 285

ing transversely inward on the carapace; this portion is accented by
furrows behind and before. The antero-lateral margin is considerably
divided and subdivided into teeth and denticles or crenules whose true
relations are indicated by the three broad furrows which divide the
margin into four parts. The first lobe, which is confluent and in line
with the orbital angle, is transversely oblique and is divided into four
or five denticles followed by a small bidentate lobe; the second lobe is
divided into a large subacute triangular tooth with a denticle on
each slope followed by a small bidentate lobe; the third projection is
the largest, dentiform, and has 2 or 3 denticles on its outer margin;
last tooth narrow, simple. Front bilobed, lobes with concave
margins, median sinus a narrow slit. Inner orbital angle blunt,
inner margin of orbit raised and separated by a furrow from the
frontal region; the two suborbital teeth small, the outer one lobiform,
the inner one narrow, acute, much less advanced than the tooth
above it.

Merus of outer maxilliped broader than long, distal margin slightly
oblique, arcuate; outer lobe more advanced than inner. Chelipeds
coarsely granulate; merus roughly denticulate above and with a
strong rectangular subdistal tooth; carpal tooth stout; palms elongate,
much exceeding fingers; a groove on outer surface just below upper
margin. The dark color extends the whole length of the fingers along
_ the prehensile edges, but only two-thirds the distance on outer edges;
a strong tooth at base of major dactyl. <A furry covering on the
dactyls of ambulatory legs except in the lateral furrows.

Measurements —Male (32842), total length of carapace 45, width
of same 62.3, fronto-orbital width 22, width of front 13.4mm. Male
holotype, length of carapace 75, width of same 100 mm. (A. Milne
Edwards). Male, Puerto Priamides, length of carapace 75, width
109 mm.; length of right palm through middle 73, width 35, thickness
23 mm.; length of left palm through middle 64, width 29, thickness
18 mm.; length of right movable finger from top at articulation to
tip, 65, of left ditto, 53; right fixed finger broken, length of left from
base of sinus to tip, 40 mm.

Range.—Uruguay to Patagonia.

Material examined. —

URUGUAY .—Cabo Santa Maria; F. Felippone; 1 male (32842).

East of Cabo Santa Maria; lat. 34° 50’ S., long. 52° 20’ W.; 58-65

athoms; Undine; 1 male (Buenos Aires Mus., 16658); carapace 94
mm. wide; photographs sent by M. Doello-Jurado.

Off Mar Chiquita; lat. 37° 50’ S., long. 56° 00’ W., 1 male (Buenos
Aires Mus., 17635); carapace 97 mm. wide; photographs sent by M.
Doello-Jurado.

ARGENTINA.—Mar del Plata: August 7, 1918; 1 female (60824);
received from Buenos Aires Museum. Twenty-five fathoms; March,

286 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

1918; Martin Doello-Jurado collector; 1 young female; lent by Buenos
Aires Museum (9359). Dr. Pedro Rojas collector; 1 ovigerous female
(Buenos Aires Mus., 12908); carapace 91 mm. wide; photographs sent
by M. Doello-Jurado.

Argentina; 1897; Bicego collector; 1 young; lent by Mus. Paulista
(923).

PATAGONIA.—D’Orbigny collector; 1 male holotype (Paris Mus:).

Playa Puerto Piramides; March, 1915; Martin Doello-Jurado col-
lector; 1 large male (Buenos Aires Mus. 9185a); examined by Dr.
W. L. Schmitt; photographs sent by the collector.

Genus PARAXANTHUS Milne Edwards and Lucas
Paraxanthus MitnrE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mer., vol. 6,
pt. 1, 1844, p. 18; type, P. hartupes Milne Edwards and Lucas.—NIcotet, in
Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849, p. 140.

Carapace narrow, nearly flat except toward the edges; regions well
marked; antero-lateral borders long, quadrilobate. Front very
prominent, bilobed. Orbits small, oval, directed obliquely upward
and forward; margin as in Xantho. Antennules folding very ob-
liquely. Antennae in the inner hiatus of orbit, basal article small,
scarcely reaching front, next article short, flagellum of medium length.
Epistome small and deeply sunken. Buccal cavity much longer than
wide, anterior border almost semicircular, arched upward not for-
ward. Outer maxillipeds elongate; merus longer than wide, its
anterior border so oblique that its inner angle forms a sort of terminal
tubercle, and is prolonged noticeably beyond the insertion of the
following article which is disposed as in Cancer, that is, situated in a
cut of that angle. First maxillipeds almost lke those of Xantho,
as are also the chelipeds and legs except that the meropodites of the
latter are so short that they do not reach the line of the lateral border
of the carapace. The sternal plastron is rather wide anteriorly,
strongly narrowed behind; the abdomen is very narrow in both sexes,
all segments are distinct in the female, the third, fourth and fifth
fused in the male. (Milne Edwards and Lucas.)

Contains only one species.

PARAXANTHUS BARBIGER (Poeppig)
Plates 131 and 132; Plate 133, Figures 1 and 2

Gecarcinus barbiger Porpria, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 138 (type-
locality, shallow brackish bays at the mouths of the Andalien river near Con-
cepcion, Chile; type in Leipzig Mus.).—Ntcotet, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol.
3, 1849, p. 153.

Paraxanthus hirtipes M1.NE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mér.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 19; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 7bzs (type-locality, Valparaiso;
type in Paris Mus.).—Nico.et, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849, p. 141.—
Pururrri, Zool. Anz., vol. 17, 1894, p. 265 [2].

Paraxanthus barbiger RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 583.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 287

Diagnosis.—Anterior border of buccal cavity almost semicircular,
arched upward not forward. Sternum narrow. Merus of outer
maxilliped elongate, anterior margin oblique, forming a tooth at inner
angle.

Description.—Carapace finely punctate and obscurely granulate,
rather deeply furrowed, most of the furrows indicating regions and
subregions; three furrows run obliquely inward from the lateral mar-
gin and are bordered behind by granulated ridges; the two anterior
of these end in a small tooth not projecting outwardly beyond the
general margin. Still further forward on the margin is a similar tooth
without the accompanying ridge and furrow. Antero-lateral margins
thick, finely granulate, postero-lateral margins concave, smooth and
rough with long hair. Front and orbits finely granulate; each lobe
of front is subdivided forming two tuberculiform lobules at the
angles, median fissure closed. Inner supra-orbital tooth a little less
than a right angle; orbital denticles between fissures not projecting
into orbit, the outer one much narrower than the upper one; two
inferior teeth similar in shape and size, the inner one the more
advanced, but less so than the angle above it.

Outer maxillipeds smooth, ischium slightly ciliated on inner border,
merus with a bouquet of long hairs at summit of tubercle. First
three articles of cheliped bristling with long hairs; remainder smooth;
fingers long, robust, strongly channeled. Legs much ciliated, merus
and carpus covered with a short thick tomentose velvet. Abdomen
ciliated in both sexes; the sternum has here and there some bouquets
of hair.

Color.—Dirty gold color; dried animal, pale red (Poeppig). Red
tinged with yellowish, fingers blackish brown (Milne Edwards and
Lucas).

Measurements —Holotype of P. hirtipes, length of carapace 57
(not 27), width of same 82mm. (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Range.—From Tumbes, Peru (Lenz) to Concepcion, Chile; Juan
Fernandez Islands (Lenz, Balss).

Material eramined.—

CHILE.—A part of two carapaces (17539).

Valparaiso; Edwyn Reed collector; 1 ovigerous female (Buenos
Aires Mus., 10807).

Genus HOMALASPIS A. Milne Edwards
Homalaspis A. MitnE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1863, p. 279; type,
H. plana (Milne Edwards).

Carapace broad, longitudinally convex; regions indistinct, not
lobulated. Antero-lateral borders obscurely lobed, postero-lateral
margins strongly convergent. Front advanced, deflexed, very nar-
now, not more than a sixth the greatest width of carapace, not sepa-
rated from the supra-orbital margin by a notch or groove. Orbits

288 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

circular, with two suture lines above and one below; inner-lower
tooth not prominent. Antennae as in Xantho. Anterior edge of
merus of external maxillipeds very oblique. Chelipeds unequal in
both sexes, strong. Legs thick. Abdomen of male with its seven
segments distinct.

Contains only one species.

HOMALASPIS PLANA (Milne Edwards)
Plates 128-130

Xantho planus MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 397 (type-
locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.)—Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Or-
bigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 14; atlas, vol. 9, 1847,
pl. 6—NIcoLeEt, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849, p. 136—PortsER, Revista
Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 9, 1905, p. 31, pl. 3.

Gecarcinus regius Porpria, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 136 (type-
locality, Chile; type in Leipzig Mus.).—Ntico.et, in Gay, Hist, Chile, vol.
3, 1849, p. 153.

Homalaspis planus A. MitNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1863, p.
280.

Xantho plana Puiurrri, Zool. Anz., vol. 17, 1894, p. 265[2].

Diagnosis—Margin of carapace obscurely lobed. Front extremely
narrow, fused with orbital margin. Of large size.

Description.—Surface covered with coarse depressed crowded gran-
ules most evident around the antero-lateral arch. Mesogastric region
faintly outlined. Antero-lateral margin thick, divided by three
closed fissures or thumb-nail impressions into four lobes; the first
two lobes follow the general outline of the carapace, with but a slight
shallow emargination between, second lobe longer than first; the third
lobe projects a little, the fourth still more; from the fourth a ridge,
concave forward, curves obliquely inward and backward. Anterior
margin of front bilobed, lobes oblique, their margins concave, sepa-
rated by a small V-shaped median emargination which is continued
back for a short distance by a closed fissure. Sides of front forming
with inner margin of orbit a very oblique line. Superior orbital fis-
sures obscure, not interrupting the curve of the margin; no tooth
at outer angle; two well-developed teeth below, the one at mner
angle larger than the other. The inclined front is produced consider-
ably beyond the peduncle of the antennae. Outer maxillipeds coarsely
granulate, especially so on the merus and distal end of the ischium;
merus widest at its middle, bearing two deep depressions, hairy in
the old.

Chelipeds massive; the merus is almost entirely covered by the
carapace and has a subterminal tooth above, formed by a deep tri-
angular indentation. Inner angle of carpus dentiform, very blunt.
Fingers strongly toothed, teeth mostly white, a large backward-
pointing tooth at base of major dactylus. The dactyli of the am-

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 289

bulatory legs have a feltlike brush of hair above and below, covering
the greater part of the article.

Color (after plate of Milne Edwards and Lucas).—General color
ox-blood red with spots on carapace of mikado orange and pinard
yellow and extensive mottlings of the latter on chelipeds; ambulatory
legs reticulated with cadmium yellow.

Measurements.—Female (14364), length of carapace 98, width 151.5,
fronto-orbital width 38.2, width of front 24.7 mm.

Remarks.—Common on sandy shores; edible (Poeppig).

Range.—From Ecuador to Chile.

Material ecamined.—

ECUADOR.—Guayaquil; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

CHILE.—Antofagasta; November 15, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 2
young, about 3.5 mm. wide (60743).

Valparaiso: U.S. Exploring Expedition; 1 male (14848). Novem-
ber, 1883; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 2 females (14364, 46340).
April, 1920; Edwyn Reed; 6 young (Buenos Aires Mus., 10805).

Lota: January 16, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 25 young (60882).

Quetelmahué, Chiloe; June, 1924; Carlos Reed; 1 male (60883);
received from Buenos Aires Museum.

Chile: C. E. Porter; 1 young (46030). Origin unknown; 1 major
chela (59376). 1 male, 5 young (Mus. Paulista, 1306). F. Silvestri;
1 young male, lent by Buenos Aires Mus. (4673).

Port Otway; February 10, 1888; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female (21994).

Genus CYCLOXANTHOPS Rathbun

Cyclocanthus A. Minne Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1868, p. 278;
type, C. sexdecimdentatus (Milne Edwards and Lucas); Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1879, p. 258. Cycloxanthus used by H. Milne Edwards, 1850, in d’Archiae’s
Hist. Prog. Géol., vol. 3, p. 304k, for a different genus of crabs found fossil.

Cyclozanthops RatTuBUN, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164; sub-
stituted for Cycloxanthus, preoccupied.

Carapace rather narrow; front horizontal, prominent, and divided
by a closed median fissure into two lamellar truncate lobes, and sep-
arated from internal orbital angles by a deepish notch. Orbits small;
two fissures in supra-orbital margin; external orbital angles incon-
spicuous, continuous with antero-lateral borders. Antero-lateral
borders very long, strongly curved, extending far backwards. In the
_ American species nine lateral teeth, besides the orbital tooth, the
last two small and post-lateral. Basal antennal article short, but
touching the front at its inner angle; flagellum inserted in orbital
hiatus. Merus of external maxillipeds subquadrilateral. Chelipeds
moderately unequal. Fingers sharp-pointed, not hollowed. Abdo-
men of male consists of five movable pieces.

West coast of America; Indo-Pacific.

79856—30——20

290 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CYCLOXANTHOPS

A!. Carapace nearly smooth, with a flattened marginal rim. Superior orbital
margin between fissures arcuate, not dentiform, surface flat.

sexdecimdentatus, p. 290.

A?. Carapace rugose, not rimmed. Superior orbital margin between fissures

narrow, thick, raised.

B!, Tooth at superior inner angle of orbit with a denticle on outer slope.

Carapace narrow, a fringe of hair under lateral margin_vittatus, p. 291.

B?. Tooth at superior inner angle of orbit without a denticle on outer slope.

Carapace wider, margin naked______-__--_-- novemdentatus, p. 292.

CYCLOXANTHOPS SEXDECIMDENTATUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas)
Plate 133, Figures 5 and 6; Plate 134, Figure 2; Plate 135, Figure 1

Xantho sexdecimdentatus MitNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér.
Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 15; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 7, fig. 2 (type-locality,
Chile; type in Paris Mus.).

Paraxanthus sexdecimdentatus Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., part 1,
1852, p. 172.

Cycloxanthus sexdecemlineatus (by error) A. MILtNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1879, p. 258.

Cycloxanthus sexdecemdentatus A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rés. Mex., 1879, p.
259.

Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910,
p. 541.

Diagnosis.—Carapace nearly smooth and with a flattened marginal
rim. Superior orbital margin between fissures arcuate, surface
flat. A lobe below spine at inner angle of wrist.

Description—Carapace intermediate in width between the two
following species; convex except for a flat lateral rim which bears the
slightly upturned lateral teeth; surface nearly smooth. Regions
separated for the most part by broad shallow grooves; a large dimple
near middle of branchial region; a short oblique ridge subparallel
to postlateral margin, and stopping abruptly inside the lateral rim.
First two lateral teeth subtruncate, remainder subacute, unequal;
last two teeth small and sometimes obscure. Front strongly ad-
vanced at middle, each lobe oblique, bilobed in smalier, nearly
straight in larger specimens. Major chela very heavy, the palm
increasing in width distally; fingers dark brown; a lobe below spine
at inner angle of wrist.

Color—Red tinged with yellowish above, bright fawn yellow
below; fingers and dactylus of ambulatory legs a bright brown ~
(Milne Edwards and Lucas). Carapace generally a dark prune
purple to claret brown, so dark that on higher parts of carapace it is
almost black; the same on antero-lateral spines. Chelae lavender,
lilac on upper margin, on prominent superior spine of carpus and on
smooth portions above. Teeth of fingers white, also tip of inner
carpal spine. The short curved groove on outer face of palm leading
down from articulation with dactylus is almost cadmium orange.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 291

Pits of reticulations rufous to ochraceous rufous, darker and redder
than ambulatory legs. Legs almost orange, ochraceous orange
buff. (Schmitt.) Small specimen dull white around free edge of
carapace, anterior median part drab gray with touches of russet,
hinder part more lilac gray. Fingers of chelae dark mummy brown.
Propodi and dactyli of first and second legs drab to raw umber,
distal third of dactyls white; dactyl of third leg with band of same
color as the preceding legs; fourth legs all white. (Schmitt.)

Measurements —Male (40431), length of carapace 30.6, width of
same 45.8, fronto-orbital width 15.2, width of front 7.1 mm.

Rangé.—Mexico to Chile. |

Material eramined.—

MEXICO.—Maria Madre Island; 4-10 fathoms; California
Acad. Sci.; 1 small male, soft shell, without chelipeds or legs; returned.

PERU .—Paita; 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males (61373). °

Bay of Sechura; west of Matacaballa; about 5 fathoms; taken in
trawl]; April 8, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector; received from Peruvian
Government; 1 young female (40428).

Bay of Sechura; about half way between Bayovar and Matacaballa;
5 to 6 fathoms; April 10, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector; specimens
returned to the Peruvian Government.

Lobos de Afuera; March 25; R. E. Coker, collector; received from
Peruvian Government; 1 female (40434).

La Punta; tide pool on shingle beach; December, 1906; R. E.
Coker, collector; received from Peruvian Government; 1 male (40433),
5 males (40431).

Callao; photograph received from C. E. Porter.

Near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island, Callao Bay; 2.5 fathoms;
dredged; February 5; R. E. Coker, collector; received from Peruvian
Government; 1 young female (40429).

Dredged off San Lorenzo Island; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: November
3; 2 males (1 soft shell) (60725). November 7; 2 males (60726),
1 male (60727).

Bay of Chilca; September 2, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector; received
from Peruvian Government; 1 male, 1 female (40430).

Independencia Bay; at the Punta Callao of Isla Vieja; 1 fathom;
July 20, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector; received from Peruvian Govern-
ment; 1 male (40432).

Chincha Islands; Saussure, collector; specimens in Geneva Mus.

CHILE.—Without definite locality; 1 chela (17538).

CYCLOXANTHOPS VITTATUS (Stimpson)

Plate 133, Figures 3 and 4; Plate 134, Figure 3

Xantho vittata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 206°
[78] (type-localities, Panama and Cape St. Lucas; cotypes from Cape St.
Lucas in Mus. Comp. Zodl.).

292 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Cycloxanthus vittatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 259,

pl. 46, fig. 5-5d.

Cycloxanthops vittatus RatrHpuN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, p. 70.

Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow, rugose; some transverse lines. A
denticle on slope of inner-upper angle of orbit. Superior orbital
margin between fissures advanced, dentiform.

Deseription.—Carapace very narrow, anteriorly more lobulated
than in ©. serdecimdentatus, lobules rugose and crossed by some
transverse lines. Front separated from the superior inner angles
of orbit by a deep furrow; these angles are tuberculiform and directed
a little outward at tip and bear a denticle on their outer border;
a few hairs on edge of front; orbital border interrupted by two
fissures, either side of a projecting tooth. Lateral teeth well sepa-
rated, very unequal, fourth, sixth, eighth, and ninth much reduced.
Lateral border hairy below the teeth. Upper surface of carpus and
manus feebly eroded; a short blunt tooth behind distal angle of
carpus; secondary inner tooth reduced. Palms short and broad,
both margins arcuate; color of immovable finger continued a little
on palm.

Color.—Yellowish grey; carapace with 11 longitudinal stripes of
red (Stimpson). Fingers dark brown.

Measurements.—Male (3208), length of carapace 17.6, width of
same 23.5, fronto-orbital width 10.6, width of front 5.3 mm.

Range.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to
Panama.

Material examined.—Cape St. Lucas, Mexico; John Xantus, collector;
9 small specimens, cotypes (1260, M.C.Z.).

Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, Mexico; 1910; C. R. Orcutt, collec-
tor; 1 male (50924).

Panama: Specimens named by Stimpson, not including the
measured type (M.C.Z.). John M. Dow, collector; 2 males, 2 females
(3208).

Perico Island, Panama; October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male (33276)

CYCLOXANTHOPS NOVEMDENTATUS (Lockington)
Plate 134, Figure 1; Plate 135, Figures 2 and 3

Xanthodes ? novemdentatus LocKk1necTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 32 [5] (type-locality, San Diego; type not extant).

Xantho novem-dentatus Locktneron, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 99 [5].

Cycloxanthus californiensis RarHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 18938, p. 237
(type-locality, Guadalupe Island, L. Cal.; type, Cat. No. 17395, U.S.N.M.)..

Cycloranthops novem-dentatus Houmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sei.,
vol. 7, 1900, p. 56.

Cycloxanthops rugosa Hoimes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900,
p. 59 (type-locality, San Diego; type in Mus. Univ. Cal.).

Cycloxanthops novemdentatus RaTspun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904,
p. 180, pl. 7, fig. 10.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 293

Diagnosis —Carapace wide, for the genus; rugose; edge thick.
Secondary tooth on wrist well developed; palms oblong.

Description.—Carapace slightly convex, flattened behind, punctate
and anteriorly rugose, wider than the two preceding species; regions
separated and subdivided by shallow grooves, less distinct than in
C. vittatus. First lateral tooth depressed, last two small, postlateral,
last one absent in small specimens; margin thick, teeth short, sub-
acute. Front produced, more advanced at middle than at orbits;
lobes each with a shallow sinus, or almost straight, a well developed
outer tooth in small specimens. Abdomen broader than in (0.
vittatus, second and penult segments shorter. Wrist and upper part
of hand very rugose; wrist with two blunt teeth at inner angle;
hands oblong, upper and lower margins subparallel ; fingers irregularly
toothed, not gaping, grooved. Legs hirsute on margins.

FIGURE 46.—CYCLOXANTHOPS NOVEMDENTATUS, MALE, DORSAL VIEW. AFTER HOLMES

Color —General color dull reddish brown, showing traces of
purple at posterior part of carapace and still more strongly on
ambulatory legs and below. Fingers black with teeth along pre-
hensile margins white. (Schmitt.) See under ‘‘ Material examined.”

Measurements —Male (17536), length of carapace 28, width of
same 43.2, fronto-orbital width 13.3, width of front 7.2 mm. Male
(19505), length of carapace 53.4, width of same 94.1, fronto-orbital
width 23.2, width of front 12.2 mm.

Habitat —Frequent under stones between tides (Baker).

Remarks.—The form called rugosa by Holmes is probably a varia-
tion of novemdentatus, this species having great variation in roughness.

Range—From Monterey Bay, California, to Guadalupe Island,
Lower California, Mexico.

294 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Venice Breakwater: Anton Dohrn; Venice Marine
Biological Station; 3 males (50252). March 13, 1913; J. R. Beck;
1 male (62512); from Univ. Southern California.

Redondo; E. P. Chace; 1 male (53905).

Point Fermin; March 25, 1918; E. P. Chace; 1 male (53990).

San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 3 males, 2 females (23052).

Point White, San Pedro; May 18, 1919; E. P. Chace; 2 young
(53901, 53902).

Long Beach; H. N. Lowe: 1 female (50514). December, 1924;
1 female (60863).

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 1 male (48994); 9 young (54025-
54030); 1 specimen (50602); 1 young male, medium low tide (50603), -
carapace very light, almost white, fingers and second, third and
fourth pairs of legs brown; 1 male, 1 female (50601), carapace white
with purplish pink longitudinal marks.

Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island; W. H. Dall: Beach; 7
males, 1 young (17507), 2 males (17509). 30-40 fathoms, sandy
mud; 2 females, 2 young (17508).

Catalina Harbor; west shore; December 28, 1912; Anton Dohrn;
Venice Marine Biological Station; 2 males (50249).

Isthmus Harbor, Santa Catalina Island; Anton Dohrn; Venice
Marine Biological Station; 10 males, 6 females, 8 young (50250).

Avalon, Santa Catalina.Island; C. F. Baker; 2 males (29305).

Sugar Loaf Rock, Avalon Bay, Santa Catalina Island; June 18,
1913; Anton Dohrn; Venice Marine Biological Station; 3 males
(50251, 50266).

San Nicholas Island; H. N. Lowe; 1 male, 1 female (32968).

San Clemente Island; January, 1899; H. N. Lowe; 2 males (23061).

La Jolla; September 22, 1918; W. L. Schmitt; 6 males, 5 females,
2 young (53972).

San Diego: 1861; J. G. Cooper; 2 males (17536). H. Hemphill;
1 male, 6 females (17531). C. R. Orcutt; 2 males (17499). San
Diego Society of Natural History; 2 specimens (53360).

California; from Boston Society of Natural History ; 1 female (56807).

LOWER CALIFORNIA.—San Martin Island; July 16, 1896;
A. W. Anthony; 1 male (19505). An unusually large specimen of
extraordinary width. See under ‘ Measurements.”

Guadalupe Island; 1889; Albatross; 1 male (17395), holotype of C.
californiensis Rathbun.

Genus PHYMODIUS A. Milne Edwards

Phymodius A. M1LNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1863, p. 283;
type, P. ungulatus (H. Milne Edwards).

Carapace moderately convex, hexagonal, regions well delimited
and broken up into numerous convex areolae. Front bilobed, the

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 295

outer angle of each lobe forming a distinct little lobule. Orbital
margin with two grooves above and one below outer angle. Eyes
on short thick stalks. Basal antennal article large, extending out-
wards and upwards into the gap between front and orbit. Chelipeds
unequal, fingers large, deeply hollowed at tip. Merus, carpus and
propodus of legs spinulous above. Male abdomen five-segmented.

Inhabits the Indo-Pacific region and the east coast of middle

America.
PHYMODIUS MACULATUS (Stimpson)

Plate 136

Chlorodius maculatus Strmpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,

p. 210 [82] (type-locality, Tortugas, Fla.; type not extant).
Phymodius maculatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 267.

Diagnosis —Carapace areolated; lateral teeth sharp, separated by
concave spaces; front advanced, four-toothed. Fingers gaping,
spooned. Legs spinulous and hairy.

Deseription.—Carapace evenly convex, areolated; lobules rather
prominent anteriorly and antero-laterally, with nearly smooth sur-
faces. No transverse ridges. Surface posteriorly glabrous. Antero-
lateral teeth four (excluding angle of orbit), subequal, small but
sharply prominent; interspaces broad, concave. Front advanced,
sublaminiform, median notch small, lobes oblique, outer lobules
produced. A blunt subhepatic tooth or tubercle just in front of the
first of the four antero-lateral teeth.

Anterior margin of merus of maxillipeds oblique. Chelipeds stout,
not very unequal; merus spinulous above. Upper surface of carpus
and manus slightly rugose. Two teeth at inner angle of carpus, the
upper one much the longer. Chelae dissimilar; immovable finger
with color ending in an oblique line on palm, and with a tooth at
middle of prehensile margin, which may be absent in the minor chela
of oid specimens. Major dactyl with a small tooth near its base.
Fingers spooned, gaping, the gape wider in the minor chela. Legs
spinulous and hairy.

Color.—Carapace yellowish with numerous brown spots. Chelipeds
spotted with red.

Measurements —Male (13833), length of carapace 17, width of same
23.5, fronto-orbital width 13.6, frontal width 6.1 mm.

Range.—Florida Keys; Bahamas; West Indies.

Material exramined.—

FLORIDA.—Cape Florida; Dr. Edward Palmer; 1 young female
(17899).

Indian Key; along shore, low tide; H. Hemphill; 1 female (17826).

Key West: Among rocks, low tide; H. Hemphill; 10 males, 7 females
(18833). 1884; Albatross; 2 males, 4 females (17825).

Dry Tortugas: Dr. Edward Palmer; 1 female (17827). Shallow

water; June, 1893; Biological Expedition, State University of Iowa;

296 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

1 male, 3 females; returned to sender. North end Bird Key reef;
‘‘Channel reef’’; Aug. 12, 1924; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (59467);
gift of Carnegie Institution. Bird Key Reef; June 2, 1925; W. L.
Schmitt; 1 female (60926). J. HK. Mills; 1 ovigerous female (M.C.Z.).

Florida Keys; May, 1913; J. B. Henderson; 1 female, with left
orbit and maxilliped malformed (46064).

BAHAMAS.—Spanish Wells; July 13, 1893; Biological Expedition,
State University of Iowa; 1 male; returned to sender.

CUBA.—1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedi-
tion: Ensenada de Cajon off San Antonio; station 11; May 22; 1
young male (48536); caught by copper sulphating on reef. On reef
flat between Cayo Hutia and Little Cayo, NE. of Light; 1 male
(48517).

ST. THOMAS, VIRGIN ISLANDS.—Specimens in Copenhagen
Museum. ‘

Genus LEPTODIUS A. Milne Edwards

Leptodius A. Mitnr Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 20, 1863, p. 284; type, .
L. exaraius (Milne Edwards) =Chlorodius exaratus Milne Edwards, 1834.

Carapace broad, suboval, moderately convex anteriorly, flat in
posterior half; regions generally well delimited and fairly well lobulated
in anterior two-thirds, but not posteriorly. Antero-lateral borders
arched, usually cut into four strong teeth; postero-lateral borders as
long as chord of antero-lateral, moderately convergent, not concave.
Fronto-orbital distance about half or more that half of extreme width
of carapace. Front not produced, about a fourth the greatest width
of carapace; notched in middle line, separated from supra-orbital
margin by a notch or groove. Orbits suboval, margin with two suture
lines above and one just below outer angle; usually a prominent tooth
at inner angle of lower edge of orbit. Eyes on short thick stalks.
Basal antennal article short, meeting front at inner angle; flagellum
lodged in orbital hiatus. Anterior edge of merus of external maxil-
lipeds nearly transverse, with commonly a small tooth near antero-
internal angle. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes. Legs thick, upper
edges often sharp. Abdomen of male with third to fifth segements
fused.

East and west coasts of America; Europe; eastern Atlantic; Indo-
Pacific region.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEPTODIUS
A’. Antero-lateral margins dentate.
B!. Palms of chelipeds without strong longitudinal ridges outside.
Cl. Only five lateral teeth including orbital angle.
D'. Last (or most posterior) of antero-lateral teeth directed obliquely
forward.

E!. Granulation of carapace and chelipeds inconspicuous.
Lateral teeth of carapace rather broad and flat.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 297

F!. Front plainly double-edged in middle. Dorsal lobe
1 L conical, its ridge continued along margin of first
lateral tooth. Dark color of both immovable fingers
of male continued on palm__-_-_-_-_~_ floridanus, p. 297.
F?. Front faintly double-edged in middle. Dorsal lobe
1 L low, oblong, inconspicuous. Dark color of
immovable fingers of male not continued on
OSL TaD _ LSU's See Ne 7 occidentalis, p. 301.
E?. Granulation coarse; dorsal aspect of chelipeds covered with
tubercles. Lateral teeth of carapace subconical, hooked,

the last three with pointed tips.
F'. Carapace lobulate; tubercles of chelipeds composed of
granules; ambulatory legs rough with acute gran-
les SUAS Rr as Awe). CG ECP» LR pe agassizii, p. 307.
F2. Carapace not lobulate; tubercles of chelipeds small, not
composed of granules; ambulatory legs spinu-
VCO Tags he ew Bl lg dye aS aged tridentatus, p. 308.
D2. Last (or most posterior) of antero-lateral teeth directed straight

outward.

E!. Areolations of carapace crossed by one or more granulated
ridges. Transverse branchial ridge behind apex of last
marginal tooth reaching to carapace margin. Antero-

lateralredge thin 6 oe op taboganus, p. 304.

Ek”. Areolations of carapace not crossed by a granulated ridge.
Antero-lateral edge thick______________- parvulus, p. 305.

C*, Six lateral teeth including orbital angle_______-_- sanguineus, p. 302.

B?. Palms of chelipeds with strong longitudinal ridges. Antero-lateral
marsinystrongsly dentate seems ale _f 204 wef of 8 snodgrassi, p. 303.

A. Antero-lateral margins thick and lobed, the lobes more or less angular.
Upper inner margin of palm cristate. Color of immovable fingers not con-
COMUNUCH ON PAN as oo ee eee ee ee eee cooksoni, p. 310.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF LEPTODIUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacifie
floridanus occidentalis
agassi zit tridentatus
parvulus cooksoni

LEPTODIUS FLORIDANUS (Gibbes)
Plate 137, Figures 1 and 2;'Plate 138, Figure 1

Chlorodius floridanus GispBEs, Proce. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 175
[11] (type-locality, Key West; cotypes in Charleston Mus.) .%6

Chlorodius limosus DmsBONNE and ScHramM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 30
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not extant).

Chlorodius exaratus Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 14, Crust., part 2, 1853, p. 1554;
not C. exaratus Milne Edwards, 1834.

Lepiodius floridanus A. M1itnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 268, pl. 49,
figs. 2 and 2a.

Diagnosis.—Front plainly double-edged in middle. Dorsal lobe 1 L
conical, its ridge continued along margin of first lateral tooth to orbit.
4 According to E. B. Chamberlain the label reads, ‘‘Charleston Cabinet. Brought from Key West in

numbers, by Doctor Wurdemann in 1845, and lately by Prof. W. H. Harvey.’’ These words precede
Gibbes’s description. .

298 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Dark color of both immovable fingers of male continued on palm.
Suture between third and fourth and fourth and fifth abdominal
somites very slightly indicated.

Description.—Lateral lobules of dorsal surface, 1 L, 3 L, and 4 L,
tuberculiform and conical; remaining lobules flattened, crossed by
short transverse lines, finely granulate or punctate and defined an-
teriorly by shallow grooves. Frontal lobes subtruncate, separated by
a narrow emargination, each lobe subdivided by a shallow sinus;
the inner angle of the lobe made double by a deep groove, the upper
edge less produced than the under. Antero-lateral teeth large, sub-
acute; the second tooth is a little below the line between the third
and the first or orbital tooth. Just behind the tip of the last tooth a
transverse raised granulate line runs inward nearly across branchial
region.

Merus of chelipeds short not reaching beyond carapace; wrist and
upper portion of hand.rugose; fingers stout, grooved and punctate,
dentate within, touching only at the broadly spoon-shaped extremi-
ties; a tuft of hair in the spoon. Dark color of immovable finger
continued back a short distance on palm. Legs hairy on margin.

Color —Ground of back (46039) ivory white, growing darker for-
ward; irregular spots almost black; legs same color as hinder part of
back and spotted with brown; upper portion of claws very dark green
growing lighter to white underneath; pincers chestnut, white tipped;
entire under part of body and claws white. Some specimens grayish
green, uniform on legs and claws; pincers rich chestnut, tips and
teeth white; under portion lighter, grayish or whitish. (Henderson.)
Grayish green, fingers black (Desbonne). Sometimes yellow with red
spots (A. Milne Edwards).

Measurements.—Male (57126), extreme length of carapace 22,
width of same 33, fronto-orbital width 18, front 8 mm.

Range.—Bermudas; Bahamas and Florida Keys to the State of
Sao Paulo, Brazil. In shallow water and on reefs.

Material eramined.—

BERMUDAS.—F. V. Hamlin; received from Wesleyan University;
3 females (4023).

BAHAMAS.—Abaco; 1886; Albatross; 2 males, 2 females (17779).

Powell’s Point, Eleuthera Island; July 8, 1903; B. A. Bean; received
from Geographic Society of Baltimore; 1 male (31042).

New Providence; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

Bahamas; Frederick Stearns collection; specimens destroyed:
Andros Island in sponges; Andros Banks, west side, in live sponges.

Bahamas; Dr. Henry Bryant; from Boston Society of Natural
History: 2 males, 3 females (56761), 1 young (56822).

FLORIDA.—Ragged Key; April 27, 1912; Paul Bartsch; 3 females
(2 ovigerous).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 299

Indian Key; along shore, low tide; 1885; Henry Hemphill; 3 males
(15026).

Key Vaccas; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 1 female (15027).

Big Pine Key; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 1 female (15025).

Key West; A. S. Packard; received from Boston Society of Natural
- History; 5 females (56765). December, 1883; D. S. Jordan; 2 males,
1 female (5826). April 15-27, 1884; Albatross; 6 males, 2 females
(17780). H. Hemphill; 39 males, 26 females (9274). C. N. E.
Eliot; 1 male (22990). May 27, 1926; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries;
3 males, 3 females (60748). Off North Fort Murtane; July 14, 1924;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (60895); gift of Carnegie Institution.

Portugas; Biological Expedition of State University of Iowa,
1893: June 5-8; 6 males, 10 females (S. U. I.). In gulf weed; June
13; 2 males (S. U. I.).

Tortugas; W. L. Schmitt collector; gift of Carnegie Institution:
About 7 miles S. of No. 2 buoy; 18 fathoms; coarse sand; July 22,
1924; station 44; 1 young (60894). From stomach of fish No. 430,
yellowtail, Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch), taken by dynamiting on reef
patch south of channel at Fort Jefferson; June 18, 1925; 1 specimen
(60896).

Tortugas Reef; J. B. Henderson; 1 male (53744).

Isoggerhead Key, Tortugas; 1924; W. L. Schmitt: Off northern
end; August 10; 1 male (59430). Rocks on east side; July 27 and
28, 1924; 4 males, 2 females (59432). East side, below lighthouse
pier; from weeds and rocks; August 18; 1 female (59428). West of
lighthouse, on rocks; July 21; 1 male (59441).

Bird Key, Tortugas; 1924; W. L. Schmitt: On reef; 1 male (59439).
On reef; July 26 and 28; Bender collector; 7 males, 8 females (1
ovigerous, | immature) (59437). North end of reef, ‘‘Channel reef”’;
August 12; 4 males, 1 female (59434). Mid-section of reef; August
15; 4 males, 2 females (59435). South end of reef; August 13; 6
males, 6 females (2 ovigerous) (59438). East side of harbor; 10
feet; with boat dredge; August 8; 1 male (59433).

Bird Key; 1889; Grampus; 2 males (15220).

Bird Key Reef, Tortugas; 1925; W. L. Schmitt: June 2; 3 females
(1 ovigerous) (60892). Low tide; stations 25-26; June 7; 22 males,
22 females (8 ovigerous) (60888). June 20; 1 female (61109). June
22; Dexter, collector; 7 males, 5 females (60889).

Long Key, Tortugas; 1924; W. L. Schmitt: From bunches of
Hypnea, in water too deep for seining; July 30; 1 male (59431).
Long Key Shoal, from rocks and seaweed; 2%-3 feet; August 14;
1 male (59440).

Bush Key, Tortugas; 1924; W. L. Schmitt: Northern section of
reef; August 2; 2 males (59427). Mid-section of reef; August 1;
27 males, 12 females (3 ovigerous) (59436). Off reef; August 20;
1 male (59429).

300 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Bush Key, Tortugas; June, 1921; Paul Bartsch; 23 males, 20 females
(2 ovigerous) (57126). Bush Key reef: Near Long Key; June 3,
1925; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males, 2 females (60891). Shallow water;
July 29, 1926; C. R. Shoemaker; station 7; 1 female (60893); gift of
Carnegie Institution.

Florida Keys: Received from Boston Society of Natural History;
4 males, 3 females (56762). 1884; Edward Palmer; 2 males (9275).
May, 1913; J. B. Henderson; 5 males (46039).

CUBA.—Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera
Expedition: Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; May 22;
station 11; 1 male (48550). On reef at Cape San Antonio; caught
by copper sulphating; 4 females (48539). Cabanas; 2-12 fathoms;
sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; caught by copper sulphating on
reef; June 8—9; station 16; 2 males, 2 females (48569).

Mariel; under stones between tides; May 10, 1900; William Palmer
and J. H. Riley; 2 specimens (23831).

Cojimar; C. F. Baker; 1 male, 1 female (31894).

Cardenas; 1923; Francisco R. Sosa; 2 males, 1 female (58390).

SANTO DOMINGO.—1878; W. M. Gabb; 5 males, 4 females
(3195).

JAMAICA.—Montego Bay; on coral reef; July 12, 1910; Charles.
B. Wilson; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (42931); 1 male (42932). °

Montego Bay; 1910; E. A. Andrews: June 28; 1 ovigerous female
(42926). June 21; coral reef near Bogue Islands; 2 males (42928).
June 25; at Montego Bay Point; 1 male (43053).

Umbrella Point; July 14, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 male (42927).

Port Royal Cayes; P. W. Jarvis; specimens in Jarvis collection.

PORTO RICO.—Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Guanica, reefs;
January 29; 1 male (24247). Ponce; January 31; 1 female (24347).
Playa de Ponce Reef; February 1;1 male, 1 female (24274). Arroyo;
February 4; 4 males, 5 females (24265).

San Juan; G. M. Gray; specimens returned to sender.

Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island; February 9 and 10, 1899;
Fish Hawk; 2 males, 2 females (24348). .

Caballo Blanco Reef, Vieques Island; February 7, 1899; Fish
Hawk; 1 male (24271).

ST. THOMAS.—St. Thomas, Virgin Islands: January 17-24,
1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (18514). Lagoon; July 9, 1915;
Clarence R. Shoemaker; received from Carnegie Institution; 1 male,
1 female (53745).

ST. CROIX.—St. Croix; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

ANTIGUA.—Pillars of Hercules; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Ex-
pedition of State University of Iowa; 1 female (S. U. I.).

BARBADOS.—Barbados; May 8, 1890; W. H. Brown; U. 8.
Eclipse Expedition to Africa; 3 females (14887).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 301

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition of State University
of Iowa: 8 males, 3 ovigerous females (S. U. L.). Pelican Island,
tide pools: 2 males (S. U. I.); May 11, 3 males (58007); May 13,
4 females (3 ovigerous) (58006). Pelican Island, shallow water,
1 male, 1 young female (S. U. L.).

CURACAO.—Curagao: 1884; Albatross; 5 males, 5 ° females
(17813). Spanish Port; April 10,1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 female
(Amsterdam Mus.).

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla [Puerto Colombia]; March 16-22, 1884;
Albatross; 7 males, 7 females (17823).

PANAMA.—Colon [Aspinwall]; J. A. McNiel; received from Boston
Society of Natural History; 1 male, 1 female (56760). Coral reef;
May 2, 1911; Meek and Hildebrand; Smithsonian Biological Survey;
1 male (44189).

BRAZIL.—Abrolhos Islands; 1887; Albatross; 1 female (22010).

Pirangi, Ceara, Brazil; 1911; Fred Baker, Stanford Expedition;
1 female (53746).

Brazil; 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition: June 22
and 23; Mamanguape stone reef, Parahyba; 2 males, 1 female (25730).
June 18; Rio Goyanna stone reef, Pernambuco; 3 males, 1 female
(25731). Coral reef, Maceio; 1 male, 3 females (Stanford Univ.).

Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; Bom Fim,
Bahia; 1 male (19964). Plataforma, Bahia; 2 males, 2 females
(40605).

Rio de Janeiro; H. Krgyer; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiao, Sado Paulo, Brazil; Sept. 29, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 2 males (60890).

LEPTODIUS OCCIDENTALIS (Stimpson)
Plate 137, Figures 3 and 4; Plate 138, Figure 2

Chlorodius occidentalis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 108 (type-localities, Panama and Manzanillo, Mexico; types not extant).
Chlorodius fishert Lock1naTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),

p. 104 [10] (type-locality, Magdalena Bay, Mexico; type not extant).
Chlorodius fischeri [by error] A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 269.
Leptodius occidentalis A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 269.

Diagnosis —Front faintly double-edged in middle. Dorsal lobe
1 L low, oblong, inconspicuous. Dark color of immovable fingers of
male not continued on palm. Sutures between third and fourth and
fourth and fifth abdominal somites well marked.

Description. —Carapace broader than in floridanus; front less pro-
jecting, teeth of median pair less produced beyond those of lateral
pair than in floridanus; margin of front very slightly double along
median lobes, the two parts, upper and lower, equally advanced.
Carapace smoother, less rugose; antero-lateral teeth broader, espe-
cially the second which is more obtuse. Dorsal lobe 1 L low, oblong.

302 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Color of immovable finger running from the proximal end of the
prehensile edge obliquely dgwnward and backward in a wavy line to
lower margin.

Color —Carapace greenish red; chelipeds marbled with purplish
red, white beneath; fingers black (Lockington).
extreme length of carapace 24.7,
width of same 39.6, fronto-orbital width 19.2, front 9.3 mm.

Range.—Magdalena Bay, Lower California, and also the Gulf of
California, Mexico, to Panama; Galapagos Islands.

Material examined—Magdalena Bay, west coast of Lower Cali-
fornia; 1917; GC. R. Oreutt; 1 male (50626).

La Paz, Gulf of California: L. Belding; 4 males (4626). Albatross;
1 male, 1 female (17398). Harbor; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female
(17399).

Pichilinqgue Bay, Gulf of California; Albatross: April 29, 1888;
4 males, 8 females (22011). March 27, 1911; 1 male, 1 female (50482),
4 males, 2 females (Amer. Mus.).

San Josef Island, Gulf of California; March 16, 1889; Albatross;
5 females (17400).

Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California; April 1, 1911; Albatross; 3
males (50483).

Concepcion Bay, Gulf of Gilitoarhidt March 19, 1889; Albatross;
9 males, 12 females (17406).

San Luis Gonzales Bay, Gulf of California; March 27, 1889;
Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (17410).

Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico: March 21, 1889; Albatross; 5 males,
6 females (17408). Inner harbor; February 23, 1891; P. L. Jouy;
1 male, 1 female (17305). Bay shore, among rocks; February 22,
1904; William Palmer; 2 females (31514).

Manzanillo, Colinas Mexico; on drifted pile; July 17, 1913; C. R.
Orcutt; 1 female (54464).

Clarion Island, west of Mexico: A. W. Amtiberigs 1 male (20699).
Shore; Hanna and Jordan, California Acad. Sci.; 3 males, 3 females
returned; 2 males, 2 foiled (62703).

Galapagos Islands; 1888; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (22012).

LEPTODIUS SANGUINEUS (Milne Edwards)
Plate 137, Figure 5 and 6; Plate 138, Figure 3

Chlorodius sanguineus Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 402
(type-locality, Mauritius; type in Paris Mus.).

Lagostoma nodosa RANDALL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 1839
(1840), p. 111 (type-loeality, Sandwich Islands; type not located).

Chlorodius nodosus Dana, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1852, p. 79.

Leptodius sanguineus A. MILNE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,
vol. 4, 1868, p. 71—DrMan, Abh. Senck. naturf. Ges., Frankfurt, vol. 25,
1902, p. 602.

re ele

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 303

Leptodius exaratus var. sanguineus Cano, Boll. Soe. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3,
1889, p. 203.

Xantho exaratus var. sanguinea ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 447.

Xantho (Leptodius) sanguineus Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 67, 1898,
p. 119; not Chlorodius edwardsi Heller.

Diagnosis —A small tooth on the postero-lateral margin. Dark
color of immovable fingers of male continued well back on palm. No
fine transverse granulate lines on lobules of dorsal surface of carapace.

Description.—Related to floridanus and occidentalis but distinguish-
able at once by an additional though small tooth on the lateral margin,
behind the lateral angle and therefore postero-lateral. Lobules of
dorsal surface smooth, lacking the fine transverse striae of the above-
named species. 2 L, 3 L, and 4 L subtruncate on the steep side to-
ward the carapace margin. 1 L oblong, independent, 2 M longi-
tudinally divided for fully half its length. Frontal margin thick
sinuous, median emargination shallow, a short closed fissure behind it.
Lateral teeth subacute; D tuberculiform, EK and N shallow, obtuse-
angled, T pointing forward or a little inward, S and the postero-lateral
tooth directed obliquely outward and forward. Wrist and palm
rough above; a very short conical tooth at inner angle of wrist.
Fingers broadly spooned; dark color of immovable fingers of male
continued well back on palm. Abdomen of male narrow.

Color.—With orange, reddish and white spots.

Measurements —Male (Paita), length 21.5, width 34 mm. (Cano).

Range.—Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea and Mauritius to
Australia, Loo Choo Islands, Marcus Island, and the islands of the
eastern Pacific, the Hawaiian, Marquesas and Paumotu Islands.
Paita, Peru (Cano), the only American record.

LEPTODIUS SNODGRASSI Rathbun
Plate 139

Leptodius snodgrassi RaTHBUN, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 279,
pl. 12, figs. 7 and 8 (type-locality, Black Bight, Albemarle Island, Gala-
pagos; type, Cat. No. 24831, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins strongly toothed. Protogastric
regions longitudinally divided for less than half their length. Wrist
and hand deeply dimpled; hand with five longitudinal ridges, three
outside, two above. Color of immovable finger extending on palm.

Description—Carapace deeply areolated in anterior two-thirds;
the areoles generally marked anteriorly by a transverse or nearly
transverse line of granules from which the surface falls steeply down;
epigastric lobes prominent; protogastric lobes partially longitudinally
divided, the outer half itself divided in two crosswise; 2 L and 3 L
fused, a short groove paralleling the anterior border; 5 L short and
broad; D and 1 L united by a blunt ridge; 4 Lroundish. E blunt
and obtuse, N larger, dentiform, T and S acute, slightly curved at

304 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

tip, S much smaller than T. Front thick, double-edged by a shallow
groove; median emargination shallow, margin of lobes little oblique
and cut by shallow sinuses.

Chelipeds very unequal in male; upper and outer surface of wrist
deeply dimpled or wrinkled; a strong tooth at inner angle of wrist.
Hand with blunt longitudinal carinae, two on upper margin and
three on outer surface; upper'carina of outer surface broad, having a
row of deep pits or dimples; lowest carina at inferior third of outer
surface and continued along upper margin of thumb; upper part of
inner surface of palm pitted. Entire surface of chelipeds and carapace
finely and closely granulate and irregularly punctate. Fingers cari-
nated, lower carma of outer surface of immovable finger is continued
one-third length of palm; fingers black, color extended on palm
ending in a zigzag line. Fingers of large hand gape widely, of small
hand slightly; major dactylus with two large prehensile teeth and
a small intermediate one; two large teeth on immovable finger; tips

FIGURE 47,—LEPTODIUS SNODGRASSI, MALE, TYPE, ALBEMARLE ISLAND, X1.5.
a, CHELA. 6. DORSAL VIEW OF CRAB
broadly hollowed out; fingers of minor chela with prehensile margins
wavy.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 13.1, width 20.4,
fronto-orbital width 11.8, width of front 5.5 mm.

Range.—Found only at the Galapagos Islands.

Material examined.—Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands; 1899;
Hopkins Stanford Expedition: Black Bight; January 9; 2 males (1
holotype) (24831). Reef north of Tagus Cove; March 16; one minor
chel ped (Stanford Univ. Mus.).

LEPTODIUS TABOGANUS Rathbun

Plate 140

Leptodius taboganus Ratusun, Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 1912, p. 3 (type-
locality, Taboga Island; type, Cat. No. 48658, U. S. National Museum).
Diagnosis —Last antero-lateral tooth pointing directly outward;
remaining teeth shallow, little projecting. Transverse branchial
ridge continued to margin of carapace. Color of immovable finger
extending on palm.

eg oe i ae

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 305

Deseription.—Carapace suboval; anterior two-thirds crossed by
granulated rugae; a well-marked straight transverse ridge runs across
the branchial region in line with posterior border of gastric region and
just behind the transverse ridge which runs inward from tip of last
lateral tooth. Lobule 1 L small, a dimple at its middle, 3 L and 4 L
marked by an obtuse-angled line of granules; 2 M divided only half
way longitudinally. Front nearly transverse, composed of two lobes
separated by a V-shaped notch, each lobe very slightly concave and
more advanced at inner than at outer angle. Of the five antero-
lateral teeth (which include orbital angle), the second, third and
fourth are broad, shallow and obtuse-angled, second and third blunt,
fourth subacute, fifth narrow, acute, pointing directly outward.
Lower margin of orbit unusually prominent, especially the inner
tooth.

Outer surface of wrist and upper half of exposed surface of palm
coarsely granulate, and rough with irregular depressions and ridges.
The black of the immovable fingers is continued back on the palm;
tips of all fingers spooned. Legs fringed with hair.

Color.—Sage greenish in general, mottled with some lighter traces
of pea green (Schmitt).

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 12.6, width 20,
fronto-orbital width 21, front 5.6 mm.

Range —Panama to Ecuador.

Material excamined.—Panama; S. E. Meek and S. F. Hildebrand,
Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone: Taboga
Island, Bay of Panama; May 11-15, 1911; 2 males (1 is holotype)
(43658), 1 male (Field Mus.), 1 female (44198). Balboa, Canal Zone;
February 7, 1912; 1 female (59306).

Panama; 1924; E. Deichmann: Pacific shore; low tide, rocks; May-
July; 1 male (60750). Entrance of canal, Pacific side; July; 1 male
(60749).

Salinas, Ecuador; September 12-14, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 17 males,
3 females (60897, 60898).

LEPTODIUS PARVULUS (Fabricius), new combination
Plate 141, Figures 1-3

Cancer parvulus Fasricius, Ent. Sys. Auct. et emend., vol. 2, 1798, p. 451 (type-
locality, in Americae meridionalis Insulis; type probably in Kiel Mus.).
Chlorodius americanus SaussurE, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 14,

1858, p. 430, pl. 1, fig. 5 (type-locality, Haiti; type in Geneva Mus.).
Chlorodius floridanus Stimpson (not Gibbes), Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 27,
1859, p. 446.
Xanthodius americanus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 209 [81].
Leptodius americanus A. Miunr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 269.
Xanthodius parvulus Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 15.

79856—30——21

306 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margin dentate. One faint longitudinal
ridge at middle of outer surface of hand. Color of immovable finger
extending on palm.

Description —Carapace suboval, a little wider at the fourth than at
the fifth lateral tooth; deeply areolated, the areoles rough with large,
irregular punctae; protogastric region (2 M) divided longitudinally for
half its length, outer lobule wider than inner, which is confluent with
the epigastric lobe (1 M); 1 L, 3 L, 4 Li well developed. Frontal
margin transversely canaliculate, the lower submedian lobules more
advanced than the upper; median notch shallow, each lobe oblique
and concave. Outer orbital tooth low, imconspicuous, remaining
lateral teeth broad, shallow, with subacute tips, the posterior tooth
directed outward or a little backward.

Wrist and upper half of hand finely granulate, furrowed and dim-
pled; two blunt longitudinal carinae on upper surface of hand and a
faint raised line of granules through the middle. Fingers rather
slender, tips narrow in profile, a large tooth on each immovable finger
just proximal to middle of prehensile edge, dark color curving back-
ward onto palm. Legs scantily hairy, the hair confined to dactylus,
upper margin of merus and lower margin of propodus.

Oolor.—Brick red or yellowish, fingers black bordered with white
(Saussure).

Measurements.—Male (24383), length of carapace 15, width 24.5,
fronto-orbital width 11.4, front 6 mm.

Range.—Bermudas (Verrill); Bahamas and Florida Reefs to Fer-
nando Noronha, Brazil (Pocock).

Material examined.—Abaco, Bahamas; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female
CET TEL);

Key West, Florida; Henry Hemphill; 1 male, 2 females (17803).

Mid-section of Bush Key reef, Florida; August 1, 1924; W. L.
Schmitt; 1 male (59442).

Montego Bay, Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis; specimens in Jarvis collec-
tion; ‘‘numerous.”’

Haiti; 1 male type (Geneva Mus.).

St. Domingo; specimen in Copenhagen Mus.

Ponce, Porto Rico; January 31, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 male, 1 female
(24383).

Barbados; May 8, 1890; W. H. Brown, U.S. Eclipse Expedition to
Africa; 1 male (14886).

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of
Towa; 1 male (S.U.I.). Pelican Island; shallow; 2 males (58050). In
tide pool, May 11, 1 young male, 1 female (S.U.I.).

Barbados; rock pool at Bathsheba; February 22, 1924; Gerrit S.
Miller; 1 ovigerous female (62522).

Curacao; February 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 5 males, 2 females
(17812).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 307

Great Bay, Wacao, Curacao; fathom; among algae; October 3,
1905; J. Boeke; 1 male (Leiden Mus.).

Caracas Bay, Curacao; under stones near shore; May 3, 1920;
C. J. van der Horst; 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.).

Locality not given; 1 small specimen about 9.6 mm. wide, labeled
“Cancer parvulus,” perhaps type (Kiel Mus.).

Locality not given; 1 specimen labeled ‘‘Alphaeus parvulus’’ (Copen-
hagen Mus.).

LEPTODIUS AGASSIZII A. Milne Edwards
Plate 141, Figures 4 and 5
Leptodius agassizii A. M1tnn Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 270, pl. 49,
fig. 3 (type-locality, Florida Reefs, 12 to 18 fathoms; type in Mus. Comp.
Zo6l.).
Xantho Ais, SmirH, Rept. Commr. Fish and Fisheries, 1885 (1886), p. 630 [26].
Leptodius agassizi A. M1uNE Epwarps and Bovuvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
vol. 47, 1923, p. 313, pl. 2, fig. 8; pl. 5, fig. 2.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral teeth thick, subconical or pyramidal,
acute. Carapace rough with granules. Dorsal surface of chelipeds
covered with granulate tubercles. Color of fingers not continued on
palm.

Description —Lobulation of anterior two-thirds of carapace well
marked and ornamented with bead granules arranged either in short
transverse lines or in clusters; posterior third, behind line of gastro-
cardiac suture, finely granulate. Front little advanced, bimarginate;
upper margin of lobes nearly straight, oblique; lower margin with a
v-shaped median cut, lobes concave, the small submedian lobules
more advanced than those at outer angles. Margin of front and
orbits granulate. Outer angle of orbit inconspicuous; next two lateral
teeth, E and N broad, E very shallow, T and S thick with acute tips
turned forward; all the teeth are bordered and surmounted by gran-
ules; teeth E, N, T, and S have a flattened anterior surface; the upper
margin of this surface in E is continued to the outer angle of the orbit
while the lower margin, or subhepatic tubercle, is part of a broken line
leading to the buccal angle. This arrangement provides a link with
the genus Medaeus.

Chelipeds very unequal. Inner angle of wrist bidentate; upper-
outer surface very rough, the granules arranged mostly on very
unequal tubercles. Similar ornamentation on the palm, continued
part way down the outer and inner surfaces especially toward the
proximal end; a deep superior longitudinal groove. Fingers with
punctate impressed lines; color of immovable finger ending obliquely
but otherwise not continued on palm. Ambulatory legs sharply
granulate above and hairy.

Measurements —Male (18008), total length of carapace 11.8; width
of same 19.2, fronto-orbital width 10.5, front 4.6 mm. Ovigerous
_ female (53750), total length of carapace 19.6, width of same 31, fronto-
orbital width 15.7, front 8.4 mm.

308 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Range—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Pensacola,
Florida; 6%4 to 45 fathoms.
Material examined.—See table, page 309.

LEPTODIUS TRIDENTATUS Lenz
Plate 148, Figures 1-4

Leptodius tridentatus Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., 1902, Suppl. 5, p. 761, pl. 23, figs. 7 and
7a (type-locality, Juan Fernandez; type in Lubeck Mus.).

Leptodius spinoso-granulatus Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., 1902, Suppl. 5, p. 762, pl. 23,
figs. 8 and 8a (type-locality, Juan Fernandez; type in Lubeck Mus.).

Diagnosis.—Three lateral teeth of fair size, the last two ending in
a movable spine. Carapace not lobulated. Legs spinulous.

Description.—Surface of anterior half of carapace finely granulate,
with some transverse and oblique lines of granules; one row immedi-
ately behind the frontal lobes. Front notched at middle, lobes con-
cave, forming four rounded tubercles, one at either end of each lobe,
the margin between feebly granulate. Outer angle of orbit not denti-
form. Antero-lateral region granulate; first marginal tooth very
small, acute, distant from the orbit and from the second tooth.
Second, third, and fourth teeth strongly curved, the third the largest,
third and fourth tipped with a small articulating spine. Postero-
lateral margin nearly straight.

Chelipeds: Merus feebly granulate, a row of denticles above;
carpus tuberculate varying to simply rugose and with a large and a
small tooth on inner margin. Hand rough above and on upper half
of outer face with tubercles and rugae, varying to rugae only, when it
has an eroded appearance. Dark color of immovable finger ending
in a straight line running obliquely back from the interdigital sinus to
the lower margin. Legs sparsely hairy, spinulous on upper border.

Color.—Variable. Of the specimens collected December 8, Doctor
Schmitt says: Largest one (about 13 mm. wide) burnt umber, with
mummy brown fingers and more or less brick red hands; a smaller one
is more of a seal brown, hands a sort of dark maroon purple, fingers
decidedly hazel; legs of both bister. One 8 mm. wide has a seal
brown nearly black carapace and hands about the same color above
but flushed in front with dark prune purple a splotch especially on
right hand near fingers; fingers bay; legs bister, cross-banded darker
and lighter. Smallest specimen, 4 mm. wide, pepper and salt color,
blackish and bistrish white contrasting. One 5.7 mm. wide is much
like the preceding but the carapace is more nearly all one color.

Measurements—Type-specimen, length of carapace 14, width 22
mm. (Lenz). Male (45971), length 7.4, width 11.3 mm.

Range.—Chile: From Arica to Puerto Corral; Juan Fernandez
Islands.

Material examined.—

Arica; C. E. Porter; 3 males, 3 females, 4 young (45971).

309

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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Puerto Corral; February, 1903; C. E. Porter; 1 male, returned to
sender.

Juan Fernandez Islands; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: Along boulder
covered beach to left of ‘‘factory’’?; December 8; 4 males, 2 females,
1 young (60752). Cumberland Bay; December 11; 1 young (60751).
Dredged in Carbajal Bay; 15 to 20 fathoms; December 15; 1 young
female (60753); color brownish. From tufts of seaweed in mouth of
Plagusia collected on weed-covered rocks along shore; December 22;
1 male, 1 female (60754).

LEPTODIUS COOKSONI Miers

Plate 142
Lepiodius cooksoni Mixrrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 73, pl. 12, figs. 1-ld
(type-locality, Charles Island; type in British Museum).
Leptodius lobatus A. MitNrE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 271, pl. 49,
figs. 4-4b (type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.).
Xanthodius lobatus RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 589; vol. 38,
1910, p. 582.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins lobed. Wrist and hand deeply
dimpled; hand longitudinally ridged outside and above, especially
on upper inner margin. Color of immovable fingers not extending on
palm.

Description.—Carapace everywhere punctulate, punctulations more
crowded on anterior part; areolets and intervening fissures well
defined. Frontal margin sinuous, median lobes distinctly more
advanced than lateral. Antero-lateral margins thick and rounded,
tooth at external orbital angle obsolete, the next three projections are
rounded lobes, the last lobe small with a short tip pointing a little
forward and upward. Posterior to the last lobe are two or three short
transverse lines; 1 Lis merged with its marginal lobe, 3 L and 4 L
are separated from their marginal lobes by a shallow furrow, 3 L is
posteriorly united with 2 L; 1.M is fused with 2 M, the latter longi-
tudinally divided for two-thirds its length, outer lobule wider than
inner.

Chelipeds strong, granulate; exposed surface of wrist and hand with
numerous raised reticulating lines and also longitudinal granulated
lines on outer surface and a pronounced ridge on upper inner margin
of hand; a blunt tooth at inner angle of wrist. Legs short, smooth,
almost without hairs, except on the dactyli and lower edge of propodi.

Color—Deep reddish brown with yellow spots, more numerous
toward posterior part of carapace (A. Milne Edwards).

Measurements.—Male (22008), length of carapace 15.6, width of
same 25, fronto-orbital width 11.2, front 6.5 mm.

Range.—Clarion Island, Mexico; Galapagos Islands; Chile (A.
Milne Edwards).

Material examined.—Socorro Island, Mexico; Hanna and Jordan,
California Acad. Sci.; 2 males, returned; 1 female (62701).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 311

Clarion Island, Mexico: A. W. Anthony; 5 males, 4 females (20698).
Shore; Hanna and Jordan, California Acad. Sci.; 1 male, returned;
1 male (62702).

Galapagos Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. Navy; 1 male, 2 females
(17288).

Eden Island, off Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Islands; rock
pools; April 6, 1923; Williams Galapagos Expedition; 1 male (57746),
received from New York Zoological Society.

Galapagos Islands; 1888; Albatross: Charles Island; April 8; 4
males (22008). Duncan Island; April 13; 5 males, 7 females (22009).

Genus XANTHODIUS Stimpson

Xanihodius Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 52 [6];
type, X. sternberghit Stimpson.

Carapace broadly suboval; antero-lateral marginal rim continued
behind widest part of carapace; postero-lateral margin up to this rim
shorter than chord of antero-lateral margin. Antero-lateral margin
lobate or dentate. Fronto-orbital distance between a third and a
half of extreme width of carapace. Orbits subcircular. Otherwise
as in Leptodius.

Both sides of the American continent; islands of the Pacific.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS XANTHODIUS

A!. Antero-lateral margins cut into four lobes or lobiform teeth exclusive of the
orbital angle.
B'. Antero-lateral margin thin. Edge of front visible in dorsal view.
sternberghii, p. 311.
B?. Antero-lateral margin thick. Edge of front invisible in dorsal view.
hebes, p. 313.
A®. Antero-lateral margins cut into nine or more narrow teeth.
B!. Carapace not deeply subdivided into numerous lobules bordered with
hair. Median notch of front small and shallow. Wrist and hand
rugose and dimpled above__________-___-___- ___denticulatus, p. 314.
B?. Carapace deeply subdivided into numerous lobules bordered with hair
anteriorly. Median notch of front deep. Wrist and hand covered
above with large tubercles: 2222) 22022 yee stimpsoni, p. 315°

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF XANTHODIUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
denticulatus stimpsoni
XANTHODIUS STERNBERGHII Stimpson
Plate 144; Plate 145, Figure 2
Xanthodius sternberghit Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859,

p. 52 [6] (type-locality, Panama; type not extant)—A. Minne Epwanrps,
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, pl. 45, figs. 4-4b, 4c (?).37

Leptodius sternberghii A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 272; not
Actaeodes mexicanus Lockington.*8

‘7 The abdomen figured is more like that of XY. hebes.
48 The measurements given by Lockington indicate a narrower species than sternberghii.

312 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.—Carapace about one and three-fourths times as wide as
long; antero-lateral margin thin. Edge of front visible in dorsal view.

Description—Carapace depressed, distinctly though not promi-
nently areolated; surface punctate and rugulose or as if eroded
anteriorly. 2 M divided for half its length, the furrow continued
forward toward the fronto-orbital notch; 2 L and 3 L posteriorly
confluent. Antero-lateral margin somewhat acute, four-parted, teeth
or lobes little prominent, only the last two showing a blunt point;
margin at anterior tooth blunt and rugulose. Front a little pro-
jecting, sinuous, slightly emarginate at middle, a short furrow leading
back from the notch; lateral lobes of front deflected and bent inward.
Orbits small, rounded.

Chelipeds not very stout; upper portions of wrist and hand rugulose;
fingers rather narrow, a spoon-shaped cavity at their tips; dark color
of immovable finger of major cheliped prolonged a little on palm.
Ambulatory legs scantily hairy on lower margin; dactyli tomentose.
Abdomen of male very narrow from the middle of the fourth segment.

Color —Dark reddish, fingers black (Stimpson).

Measurements.—Male (48802), length of carapace 19.4, width 34.2,
fronto-orbital width 13, front 7.8 mm.

Range.—Cape St. Lucas (A. Milne Edwards); Panama to Peru.

Material ecamined.—Cape St. Lucas, Mexico; 1 young, 5.4 mm.
wide (17541); identification probably correct.

Panama; Doctor LeConte and A. Agassiz; 5 males, 5 females (3
ovigerous) (415, M.C.Z.); identified by Stimpson. ‘

Panama, Panama; tide pools; March 21, 1912; Smithsonian
Biological Survey; 1 male (59334).

Panama, Panama; James Zetek: December 12, 1913; 1 male
(48802). December, 1914; 1 male (48804).

Balboa, Canal Zone; February 7, 1912; Smithsonian Biological
Survey; 1 male (Field Mus.).

Taboga Island, Bay of Panama: June, 1914; James Zetek; 4 males,
2 females (48788), 5 males, 2 females (48796). May, 1927; Mel-
bourne Ward; 1 male, 1 female; returned.

Taboguilla Island, Bay of Panama; between tide marks; October
31, 1899; Albatross; 3 males, 5 females (33282), 2 males, 2 females
(M.C.Z.).

Perico Island, Bay of Panama; October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male
(383265).

Panama, Panama; low tide, rocks; May—July, 1924; E. Deichmann;
3 males, 1 female (60832).

Salinas, Ecuador; September 12-14, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1
female (60968).

Paita, Peru; 1873; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 1 male, 1 female
(2381, M.C.Z.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA alo

XANTHODIUS HEBES Stimpson
Plate 147

Xanthodius hebes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 208
[80] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in M.C.Z.).
Acteodes mexicanus LocKINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 42 [2] (type-locality, Mazatlan; type not extant).
Actoeodes mexicanus LocKINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
. 103 [9].
isis "be A. Mitnge Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 273.

Diagnosis—Carapace about one and a half times as wide as long;
antero-lateral margin thick. Edge of front invisible in dorsal view.

Description.—Carapace narrower than in sternberghii, moderately
areolated; surface conspicuously punctate. Antero-lateral margin
thick, obtusely rounded, obscurely quadrilobate, the last lobe having
a short subacute point. Front deflexed, edge not visible in dorsal
view, lobes oblique, deeply sinuous, median notch shallow, a short
furrow leading back from it. Outer angle of orbit not raised. Sub-
orbital and subhepatic region deeply punctate or finely vermiculate.
Chelipeds rather short and stout, rugulose above and externally.
Abdomen of male wider than in sternberghii.

Color—Ranges from dark reddish brown, sometimes tinged with
green, to almost white, and in some cases even the fingers are whitish
(Lockington).

Measurements.—Male (50485), length of carapace 18.6, width of
same 31, fronto-orbital width 12.3, front 7.5 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico from Magdalena Bay on the ocean
side, and Mulege Bay on the gulf side of Lower California southward
to Maria Madre Island.

Material excamined.—Mexico: Magdalena Bay: 1917; C. R. Orcutt;
4 males, 3 females (50634). Shore; Hanna and Jordan, California
Acad. Sci.; 1 male, 1 female returned; 1 male, 1 female (62711).

Cape St. Lucas; J. Xantus; 5 males, 5 females (1 ovigerous),
cotypes (1252, M.C.Z.).

La Paz; May 2, 1921; L. S. Rubio; 1 male (Amer. Mus.).

Pichilinque Bay; March 27, 1911; Albatross; 8 males, 8 females
(50485).

Espiritu Santo, Balandra Bay, near Point Diablo; L. Belding; 1
male (6377).

Agua Verde Bay; April 1, 1911; Albatross; 1 male, 4 females (1
ovigerous) (50486).

Maria Madre Island; March—May, 1927; from Secretaria de Agri-
cultura y Fomento, through A. L. Herrera; 1 young male (60831).

Maria Magdalena Island; shore; Hanna and Jordan, California
Acad. Sci.; 1 male (62712); 1 female, returned.

314 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

XANTHODIUS DENTICULATUS (White), new combination
Plate 145, Figure 1; Plate 146

Xantho denticulatus Wutrer, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, pw17 (nomen nudum);
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 2, 1848, p. 285 (type-locality, West Indies;
type in Brit. Mus.)—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 252,
pl. 45, figs. 2—2b.

Xantho inhale DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1367,
p. 27 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not en

Cycloxanthops denticulatus Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 14.

Diagnosis.—Nine lateral teeth behind orbital tooth. Carapace not
very deeply lobulated anteriorly. Median notch of front small and
shallow. Wrist and hand rugose and dimpled above.

Description.—Carapace suboval, multidentate, antero-lateral mar-
gin continued well behind widest part of carapace, postero-lateral
margins shorter than in typical members of the subgenus Leptodius.
Surface deeply sculptured, punctate, and in frontal and antero-
lateral portions pitted. 1 L narrow, 2 L, 3 L, and 4 Lsubconical, low.
The transverse ridge across branchial region is in line with anterior
end of last lateral tooth. 1M and 2 M fused; 2 M longitudinally
divided for not more than half its length. Frontal lobes oblique,
median notch minute, outer teeth tuberculiform; a groove behind and
parallel to margin. The three outer orbital teeth well marked,
obtuse. Antero-lateral margin armed with nine, sometimes ten, small
blunt, outward pointing teeth separated by U-shaped sinuses; margin
considerably behind outer orbital tooth and directed toward outer
angle of buccal cavity.

Upper surface of wrist and hand rugose and eroded; two teeth, one
above the other, at inner angle of wrist. Fingers tapering to slender
tips, not spooned; immovable fingers bent down except toward the
extremity. Lower side of carapace hairy, also upper margins of
merus of cheliped and legs; last two articles of ambulatories sparingly
fringed below with long hair.

Color —Grey with red spots, fingers black (Desbonne). Some
shade of red, purplish red or salmon; usually reddish salmon or pink;
on front part of carapace there is often a red spot. Under surfaces
whitish, some pale brown spots on abdomen. Chelae pinkish brown,
tips dark brown or nearly black.

Measurements.—Male (22014), length of carapace 19.5, width of
same 32.3, fronto-orbital width 12, front 6.8 mm.

Range.—Bermudas; Bahamas and Florida Keys to Abrolhos Is-
lands, Brazil.

Material examined —Bermudas: Dr. F. V. Hamlin; 1 male (17806),
received from Wesleyan College. W. N. Rankin; 1 male (25823).
Hungry Bay; F. G. Gosling; 3 males (25442).

Abaco, Bahamas; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (17770).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 315

Off Biscayne Key, Florida; 16-34 feet; May 29, 1912; Paul Bartsch;
1 young (53768).

Key West, Florida; Henry Hemphill; 1 male, 1 female (17769).

Tortugas, Florida; 1924; W. L. Schmitt: East side Loggerhead Key;
from rocks below lighthouse pier; August 24; 1 male (59469). South
end of Bird Key reef; August 13; 1 male (59468).

Jacks Bay, Jamaica; February 15, 1928; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male
(62558).

Montego Bay, Jamaica; coral reef; 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 male
(43050).

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis; specimens in Jarvis
collection.

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Fajardo; February 17; 1 male
(24281). Hucares; February 13; 1 male, 1 female (24304).

Caballo Blanco Reef, Vieques Island; February 7, 1899; Fish Hawk;
1 female (24305).

St. Thomas; January 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 1 female (18513).

Pillars of Hercules, Antigua; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition,
State Universiy of Iowa; 1 young male (S.U.I.).

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of
Iowa: Pelican Island; tide pool; 1 male (S.U.I.). Bathsheba; 1
young (57994).

Colon, Panama; coral reef; May 2, 1911; Meek and Hildebrand,
Smithsonian Biological Survey; 1 female (43999).

Caracas Bay, Curacao; under stones near shore; May 3, 1920; C. J.
van der Horst; 1 male, 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.), 1 female (56874).

Trinidad; February, 1878; Crosby; 1 male (57013), received from
Boston Society of Natural History.

Brazil; 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition: Boa
Viagem, Pernambuco, stone reef; July 6; 1 female (25718). Maceio,
Alagoas, coral reef; July 22-26 and August 3; 10 males, 5 females
(25719).

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; December 27, 1887; Albatross; 1 male
(22014).

XANTHODIUS STIMPSONI (A. Milne Edwards), new combination
Plate 143, Figures 5-7

Xantho denticulata Stimpson (‘‘nov. sp.” not X. denticulatus White), Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 207 [79] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas;
cotypes, 1257, M.C.Z.).

Xantho multidentatus Locx1naTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 99 [5]; nomen nudum (type-locality, Mazatlan; type not extant).

Xantho stimpsoni A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 252, pl. 46, fig.
2-2b (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type in Paris Mus.).

Cycloxanthops (?) stimpsont RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910,
p. 583.

316 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.-—Nine lateral teeth behind orbital tooth. Carapace
very deeply lobulated anteriorly, lobules bordered with hair on front
edge. Median notch of front deep. Wrist and hand covered above
with large tubercles.

Desecription.—Very strongly lobulated in front, each lobule bordered
anteriorly by some very short hairs. Antero-lateral border cut into
nine slightly irregular teeth, the first one separated from the orbital
angle by a furrow. The two median lobes of the front terminate in
a straight border and are separated on the median line by a wider
and deeper notch than in denticulatus; inner orbital angle dentiform.
Basal antennal article short, barely reaching the subfrontal pro-
longation. Wrist and palm covered above with large rugose tubercles;
one or two irregular granulate crests on outer face of palm. Fingers
strongly channeled.

Color.—Ecru drab, movable finger drab, chela and fixed finger like
carapace only lighter; first, second, and third legs except dactyls
olive and just a fleck of olive on each side of dactyls (Schmitt).

Measurements.—Male, length of carapace 7.8 mm. (0.31 inch),
width 11.2 mm. (0.44 inch) (Stimpson).

Range —From Mexico (mouth of Gulf of California) to Ecuador.

Recorded localities—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (Stimpson
and A. Milne Edwards); Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico (Lockington) ;
Baia di Sant’ Elena, Ecuador (Nobili).

Material examined —MEXICO.—Cape St. Lucas; J. Xantus; 3
males, cotypes (1257, M.C.Z.). Santa Isabel Island, Tepic Terri-
tory; on rocks; Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento; 1 male (61031).

PANAMA.—Taboga Island, Bay of Panama; under stones at low
tide; May, 1927; Melbourne Ward; 1 male, 1 female; returned.

ECUADOR.—1926; W. L. Schmitt: South side Point Santa
Elena; September 17; 3 males, 1 female, 2 young (60834, 60970).
Salinas; September 12-14; 3 males, 1 female, 3 young (60833, 60835,
60969, 60971).

Genus LOPHOXANTHUS A. Milne Edwards

Lophoxanthus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 256; type, L-
lamellipes (Stimpson).—Ratusun, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ.
Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 272.

Carapace flat, suboctagonal, slightly areolated; antero-lateral teeth
N, T and S subequal, D and E obsolete. Front narrow, deflexed,
thickened. Orbits small, subcircular, one fissure above. Chelipeds
massive; carpus broader than long; manus and digits very high;
lower margin of propodus nearly straight. Ambulatory legs broad,
cristate. Male abdominal segments 3-5 partially fused.

Contains only one species.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 317

LOPHOXANTHUS LAMELLIPES (Stimpson)
Plate 148, Figures 3 and 4

Xantho lamellipes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 205 [77] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type in M.C.Z.).
Lophoxanthus lamellipes A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 256,
pl. 46, figs. 3, 3a.

Diagnosis.—Carapace flat, octagonal. Chelipeds massive; carpus
broader than long; fingers high, not gaping. Legs broad, laminiform.

Description.—Carapace smooth, somewhat octagonal; antero-
lateral margin having a strong angle or shoulder on the hepatic region
just before the indistinct cervical suture. Carapace very broad at
this shoulder; between it and the orbit the margin is thick, obtuse,
perfectly straight and smooth. Behind the shoulder-tooth and almost
m the same longitudinal line there are two other small teeth, rather
sharp and crested. Front deflexed, surface reticulated, edge bilobed,
each lobe formed of a submedian lobe and an outer tooth. Sub-
hepatic regions reticulated, that is, covered with minute cavities, the
parietes of which form a fine network. Ischium of outer maxillipeds
with a deep longitudinal furrow not far from middle; merus with two
irregular depressions. Chelipeds angular, with reticulated surface
especially on merus and carpus; upper side of carpus somewhat
dilated, with a strong outer, inner, and posterior tooth or angle;
manus thick, higher than its superior length. Fingers high, not
gaping, marked with longitudinal rows of punctae, tip of immovable
finger curved upward; prehensile teeth shallow, tooth at middle of
propodal finger most prominent. Ambulatory legs much com-
pressed, almost laminiform, with sharp, smooth lamelliform crests
above, that on the carpus of the first two legs distinctly bilobed; the
carpus and propodus of these legs have also a longitudinal crest on
the side, the spaces between crests forming deep cavities. Sternum,
abdomen and inner side of legs pubescent. (After Stimpson.)

Color.—Slate-colored, with the antero-lateral margins and cheli-
peds reddish-white.

Measurements —Male (50968), length of carapace 8.4, width of
same 13, fronto-orbital width 6.5, width of front 4 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico to Ecuador.

Material examined.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico;
John Xantus; 1 male, 1 female, cotypes (1254, M.C.Z.).

La Paz, Lower California, Mexico; L. Belding; 1 male, (17287),
1 ovigerous female (17534).

Clarion Island, Mexico; shore; Hanna and Jordan, California
Acad. Sci.; 1 young; returned.

Panama; received June 10, 1862; C. F. Davis; 1 ovigerous female
(2342, M.C.Z.).

Naos Island, Panama Bay; E. M. Keyser; 1 male (50968).

318 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Taboga Island, Panama Bay; under stones at low tide; May, 1927;
Melbourne Ward; 1 female; returned.
Porto Bello, Panama (Atlantic side); living on large holothurian;
1912; August Busck; 2 ovigerous females (50967).
Salinas, Ecuador; September 138, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young
(60757).
Genus METOPOCARCINUS Stimpson

Metopocarcinus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 216
[88]; type, M. truncatus Stimpson.

Carapace bare, suborbicular or subhexagonal, an-
teriorly truncate; regions faintly indicated; antero-
lateral margins almost entire, shorter than postero-

lateral, somewhat cristate, crest posteriorly curved

FIGURE 48.—METOPO- , : 4 . :
carcinus TRUNcaTus, INWard as in Pilumnoides. Front large, very wide,
MALE, Care SAN prominent, margin straight, subentire. Orbit com-

LUCAS, CARAPACE 0.18 :
ich wwe, porsat Pletely filled by the large eye. Antenna occupying
or Arter Stimr- the inner hiatus of the orbit, basal article not
reaching front. Feet of medium size. Third,
fourth and fifth segments of male abdomen fused (Stimpson).

Known only from a single species.

METOPOCARCINUS TRUNCATUS Stimpson
Plate 148, Figures 1 and 2

Metopocarcinus truncatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7,
1860, p. 216 [88], pl. 3, fig. 4 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).

Drvagnosis.—Carapace narrow, hexagonal-orbicular, nearly smooth.
Front prominent, truncate. Lateral teeth obscure.

Description.—Carapace somewhat convex, naked, nearly even,
finely granulate, granules rather sparse but symmetrically arranged
especially on the raised portions. Antero-lateral margin obscurely
dentate, five teeth or divisions are evident: A small pointed tooth
at orbital angle, followed by two shallow lobes, the third longer than
the second; the fourth division is a tooth at the widest part of the
carapace; behind it an obscure tooth whence the marginal crest curves
inward. Front double-edged, the edges granulate, lower margin not
visible from above and separated by a sulcus from the upper; the
latter is straight, transverse, a feeble nick at its middle. Orbit with
two closed fissures above, and a shallow lobe at the middle of the lower
margin; inner angle sharp. Eyes large, filling orbits. Basal article
of antenna narrow, reaching just as far forward as the inner sub-
orbital tooth; next article reaching the prolongation of the front.
Merus of outer maxillipeds narrower than ischium, distal margin
oblique, outer angle arcuate, distal inner margin slightly notched.
Chelipeds and legs naked, unarmed; chelipeds sparingly finely granu-
late; carpus uneven, a short tooth at inner angle; palms inflated;
fingers gradually tapering, acuminate; major dactylus with a large,

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 319

backward pointing tooth at base of prehensile edge. Legs dark
colored in alcoho! except the dactyli and distal ends of the propodi;
dactyli pubescent, and with long, slender unguicles. Abdomen of
immature female suboblong, sixth segment widening distally.

Color —Pale orange; postero-lateral surfaces above bases of legs
black; fingers and dactyli of legs dark colored. (Stimpson.)

Measurements —Male holotype, length and breadth of carapace
4.6 mm. (0.18 inch) (Stimpson). Immature female (62629), length
of carapace 3.5, width of same 4, fronto-orbital width 2.9, width of
frontal margin 1.4 mm.

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico. Valparaiso,
Chile.

Material examined.—V alparaiso, Chile; Jan. 7, 1927; W. L. Schmitt;
1 female, immature (62629).

Genus LOPHOPANOPEUS Rathbun

Lophopanopeus RatHeun, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 272; type, L. bellus (Stimpson).

Carapace hexagonal, moderately convex, areolate. Of the five
lateral teeth, N, T and S are subequal, prominent; E present but
reduced and coalesced with D to a greater or less extent. Front
narrow, lobes sinuous. Orbits transverse. Carpus of cheliped
longer than wide; lower margin of propodus concave distally. Legs
more or less cristate, especially as to the carpus. Third, fourth and
fifth segments of male abdomen coalesced.

Bahamas and Florida to West Indies; west coast of North America;
Japan to Australia; West Africa.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LOPHOPANOPEUS

A!. Upper margin of merus of ambulatory legs not spinulous.
B!. Carpus of cheliped smooth or nearly so (uneven in young bellus).
C!, Color of immovable finger running far back on hand_-_frontalis, p. 323.
C2. Color of immovable finger not running back on hand.
D!. Carapace rough about the antero-lateral and frontal regions.
Hand with a very slight lobe above at posterior end; lobe often

BSCE Ee NW PTR) oy Ca ht a 9 eg bellus, p. 320.
D?. Carapace smooth except on outer half of hepatic region. Hand
With prominent lobefaboves= 2" 222s" Sees s heathii, p. 322.
B?. Carpus of cheliped very rough.
C1. Carpus of ambulatory legs strongly bilobed. .
D!. Carpus of cheliped covered with reticulating ridges inclosing
pitsiof irregular ishapes aa-- 4-2 eee leucomanus, p. 324.

D?. Carpus of cheliped covered with tubercles.

E!, Carpus of legs with two thick naked tubercles on upper
margin; propodus of last one, two or three legs with a

lobes bts he See ee 5 is ha .__diegensis, p. 327.

E?, Carpus of legs with two compressed tubercles on upper
margin; propodus of last three legs with a lobe on upper

TO AS OALTNE: Wiehe bea gues Oe An eee er sear Se bellus, var., p. 321.

C?, Carpus of ambulatory legs slightly bilobed------- lockingtoni, p. 325.

320 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

A?, Upper margin of merus of ambulatory legs spinulous.

Be Surtace.orichelipeds spinulovsse.e = ee ee eee distinctus, p. 331.

B?. Surface of chelipeds not spinulous but smooth or nearly so.
C!. Coalesced (first and second) antero-lateral tooth truncate. Color of
immovable finger continued on palm. Carpus of legs distinctly
Ilo edt a: free eee 2 cere Tek cept eae ei gene yy 8) lobipes, p. 329.
C?, First and second antero-lateral teeth separated by a shallow sinus.
Color of immovable finger not continued on palm. Carpus of legs
indistinctly. Jollobed=< Saves ace cae oe ene maculatus, p. 330.
Oni; dactyls of ‘chelepeds known - 2 te cc eee a ee ae somaterianus, p. 332.

LOPHOPANOPEUS BELLUS (Stimpson)
Plates 150 and 151

Xantho bella Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 204 [76],
pl. 3, fig. 2 (type-localities, Monterey, Cal. and Fort Townsend, Puget
Sound; cotype from Monterey in M.C.Z.).

Xanthodes hemphillii Locxinaton, Proce. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 32 [5] (type-locality, Monterey; type examined but not now extant).

Xantho hemphilliana Locxr1neTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),

p. 100 [6].
Lophoxanthus bellus A. M1ntnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 257 (part),
pl. 46, figs. 4-4c.—Houmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7,

1900, p. 60, pl. 1, fig. 3.
Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus) bellus Miprs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17,

1886, p. 115.
Lophopanopeus bellus RatusBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,

1898, p. 272; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 180.—Scumirt,
Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 241, text-fig. 1438, pl. 37, fig. 4.
Diagnosis.—Carapace very rough. Frontal lobes slightly oblique.
Anterior margin of third lateral tooth in line with truncate margin of
second tooth. Lobe on upper surface of palm low or absent.

Description—Carapace roughened along the antero-lateral mar-
gin; this margin leads to the orbit and in its anterior part is more pro-
nounced in the old, thicker and blunter in the young; lower surface of
carapace coarsely granulate. Frontal lobes slightly sinuous and
oblique, outer tooth faintly indicated. Anterior margin of third
antero-lateral tooth (N of Dana) in line with truncate margin of
second tooth or that coalesced with outer orbital tooth.

Carpus of chelipeds slightly roughened; transverse subdistal groove
deep. Hand smooth, with a thick shallow lobe at proximal end of
inner margin of upper surface in the old, lobe not developed in the
young. Dark color of fingers not running back on palm. Carpus
of all ambulatory legs slightly bilobed on upper margin; propodus
with convex upper margin.

Color.—Very variable; some specimens (in Monterey Bay) are
almost pure white, while others show various irregular patterns of
bluish and dark red or are wholly of the latter color.

“Crimson or beet red; carapax sometimes lighter in color, or
yellowish, maculated with deep red. Northern specimens are more
sober in coloration than those found in warmer latitudes.’’ (Stimpson.)

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA S71,

Measurements —Male (14970), length of carapace 23, width of
same 34.2, fronto-orbital width 16, width of front 9.2 mm.

Range.—From Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Monterey,
California. Lower California (A. Milne Edwards).*®

Habitat —Low tide, among rocks.

Variety—A distinct variety has the carpus of the chelipeds very
rough with irregular granulated tubercles, some coalescent; the
carpus approaches that of L. diegensis in which, however, the tubercles
are smoother and more finely granulate. In bellus variety, the carpus
of the ambulatory legs is bilobed above and the propodus of the last
three pairs has a similar, smaller lobe on its dorsal margin; the lobes
are compressed and different from the thick, naked lobes on the carpus
of diegensis. Miss Stevens writes from Friday Harbor of the speci-
mens of this variety submitted that they were dredged in from 18 to
40 fathoms and that a few similar specimens have at times come up
in the dredge; that typical bellus is more common and occurs under
rocks along shore and occasionally is dredged.

Material examined.—

ALASKA.—Prince William Sound; 1899; Harriman Alaska
Exped.: Fox Island; T. Kincaid; specimens returned to collector.
Virgin Bay; W. R. Coe; 1 female (25851), variety.

Cedar Island, Loring; June 17, 1904; Chamberlin and Aller,
Bureau of Fisheries; 1 ovigerous female (53347).

Kasa-an Bay, Prince of Wales Island; Dr. T. H. Streets, U. S.
Navy; 1 young female (17285).

1903; exact locality not given; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female
(31543), variety.

WASHINGTON .—Strait of Juan de Fuca; 1880; D. 8S. Jordan;
1 male (3066).

Puget Sound: Albatross; 1 male (21779). August, 1928; K. L.
Hobbs; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (62523).

Northeast corner Brown Island, Friday Harbor; shore; August,
1926; Belle A. Stevens; 1 male, 2 females (59988).

Off Canoe Island, Friday Harbor; 18-40 fathoms; Belle A. Stevens;
1 male, 1 female, variety; returned to sender.

Admiralty Inlet, vicinity of Port Townsend: Admiralty Head
light, N. 38° W., 1.3 miles; 26-15 fathoms; R. Sh.; temperature,
50.8° F.; June 29, 1903; station 4205, Albatross; 2 males, 1 ovigerous
female (50975), 1 male, 1 female (31542), variety.

Port Orchard; July, 1889; O. B. Johnson; 15 males, 6 females
(14970).

Near Tacoma: 1923; J. G. Malone; 1 male (57269).

CALIFORNIA.—Pacific Grove; 1918; Ida S. Oldroyd; 24 males,
18 females (54013).

3 May represent a different species,

79856—30——22

322 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Monterey: Henry Hemphill; 1 male, type of Xanthodes hemphillii
Lockington; specimen dstroyed in San Francisco fire. H. N. Lowe;
1 male (53340). A. S. Taylor; 1 ovigerous female, cotype (1292,
M. C. Z.).

LOPHOPANOPEUS HEATHI Rathbun
Plate 149

Lophopanopeus heathiti Ratusun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 137 (type-locality,
Monterey Bay; type, Cat. No. 22870, U.S.N.M.); Harriman Alaska
Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 182, pl. 7, fig. 9—Scumirt, Univ. California Publ.
Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 2438, pl. 37, fig. 1.

Lophoxanthus leucomanus Houmss, Oceas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900,
p. 61 (part).

Diagnosis —Carapace very convex, nearly smooth. Anterior mar-
gin of third lateral tooth almost in line with second tooth. Wrist
and hand nearly smooth.

Description —Carapace more convex antero-posteriorly than in
bellus, regions less distinctly indicated, dorsal surface smooth except
on outer half of hepatic region where it is slightly rough. The line
of the antero-lateral margin is continued to the orbit; the suborbital
and subhepatic regions are roughly granulated. Margin of frontal
lobes very oblique and sinuous; lobule at outer end more pronounced
than in bellus. The anterior margin of the third lateral tooth is
almost in line with the second or coalesced tooth.

Carpus of cheliped smooth or nearly so; no subdistal groove.
Hand smooth, with a broad, prominent lobe occupying the proximal
half of the upper margin. Immovable fingers bent downward, their
tips upward; color not continued on palm. Carpus of ambulatory
legs slightly bilobed on upper margin.

Color.—Very variable. A young male had white claws with dark
tips, last legs white, other legs and body dark red; a young female
had red claws, hind legs white, body darker; another young male was
white. (Hilton.) .

Measurements—Male holotype, total length of carapace 16.6,
width of same 22.6, fronto-orbital width 11.6, width of front 7.4 mm.

Range.—From Monterey Bay, California, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Monterey Bay: Under stones, mean and low
tide mark; Harold Heath; 2 males (1 is holotype), 1 female (22870).
December 26, 1896; J. O. Snyder; 1 male (19821).

Monterey; specimens returned to California Academy of Sciences.

Pacific Grove: June, 1905; J. E. Benedict; 1 male (50549). 1918;
Ida S. Oldroyd; 12 males, 14 females (1 ovigerous) (54014).

Venice, Santa Monica Bay; under aquarium; February, 1911;
P. S. Barnhart; Venice Marine Biol. Sta.; 1 male (60558).

San Pedro; shore; 1924; E. P. Chace; 1 young (58763).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA S28

Santa Catalina Island: Specimens returned to California Academy
of Sciences. Carapace of young specimen (18278).

LOWER CALIFORNIA.—Magdalena Bay; 1917; C. R. Orcutt;
3 females, 1 young (50635).

Affinity — While the antero-lateral teeth resemble those of L.
bellus, the smooth surface and the strong tooth on the manus ally it
closely to L. frontalis.

LOPHOPANOPEUS FRONTALIS (Rathbun)
Plate 152

Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus) frontalis RatHBun, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol.
16, 1893, p. 236 (type-locality, San Diego Bay; type, Cat. No. 18177,
U.S.N.M.).

Lophopanopeus fronialis RatHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. fowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 272; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 181, pl. 7, fig. 8.—
Scumitt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 242, text-fig. 144,
pl. 37, fig. 3.

Lophoranthus frontalis Houtmrs, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7,
1900, p. 64, pl. 1, figs. 5 and 6.

Diagnosis —Dark color of immovable finger runs well back and
up on the palm. Hand smooth, upper lobe large. Front prominent.
Anterior margin of third lateral tooth nearly transverse.

Description.—Carapace well areolated, almost smooth. Front
prominent, lobes markedly sinuous, middle portion very convex.
Third antero-lateral tooth more produced than second or coalesced
tooth, its anterior margin nearly transverse.

Carpus of chelipeds smoother than in L. beilus. Hand smooth,
short and high, increasing rapidly in height to distal end; a large
tooth or lobe projects inward on inner side of upper margin and
extends half length of upper margin. Fingers unusually long.
Carpus of ambulatory legs slightly bilobed on anterior or upper
margin; propodus narrower than in L. bellus, with convex anterior
margin; dactylus slender.

Color.—The dark color of the immovable finger runs backward and
upward on the palm.

Measurements —Male holotype, length of carapace 17.2, width of
same 23.7, fronto-orbital width 12.5, width of front 6.7 mm.

Range.—From Santa Monica Bay and Santa Catalina Island to
San Diego, California. (Schmitt.)

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Anaheim Bay; from clusters of mussels on
piles at low tide; February, 1918; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (52682).

San Diego Bay; Albatross; 1 male holotype (18177).

San Diego: San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.; 1 male (53359). Edward
Palmer; 1 male, 1 female (19823), received from Peabody Mus.,
Yale Univ.

324 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

LOPHOPANOPEUS LEUCOMANUS (Lockington)
Plate 153, Figures 5 and 9; Plate 154, Figure 4

Xanthodes leucomanus LocKkineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 32 (type-localities, Santa Rosa Island, Monterey and San Diego;
types not extant); not X. leucomanus Lockington, Proc. California Acad.
Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 100.

Lophoxanthus bellus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 257 (part).

Lophopanopeus leucomanus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 272; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 182.—Scumirtt,
Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 243, text-fig. 145, pl. 37, fig. 6.

Lophoranthus leucomanus Hotmss, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7,
1900, p. 61, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Diagnosis.—Carpus of chelipeds covered with numerous small pits
separated by reticulated lines. Carpus of ambulatory legs strongly
bilobed. Roughness of hepatic region continuous with that on
adjacent teeth.

Description.—Carapace well areolated; anterior half deeply rugose,
roughness on hepatic region not divided from that on two adjacent
teeth. Margin of frontal lobes strongly oblique except outer tooth.
Third antero-lateral tooth more produced than second or coalesced
tooth; a definite, finely granulate marginal line connects third tooth
with orbit. Subhepatic and suborbital region rough with unequal
granulate tubercles, extending as far down as a line connecting third
tooth with anterior angle of buccal cavity.

Carpus of chelipeds covered with numerous small irregular pits
separated by reticulating lines. Upper portion of hand pitted and
reticulated like carpus and with two or more irregular, inward-pointing
teeth on upper margin, the proximal the larger. Color of fingers
not running back on palm. Carpus of ambulatory legs with a very
thin and strongly bilobed crest on the upper margin; propodus wide
with a prominent lobe at: proximal end.

Color—The general color of an ovigerous female from Laguna
Beach, preserved in formalin, is red, deepest along the front and
antero-lateral margins and on the upper half of the chelae.

Measurements —Male (50209), length 11.1, width 14.6, fronto-
orbital width 8.5, width of front 5.2 mm.

Range.—From Monterey. (Lockington, Holmes) to San Diego,
California.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Venice, Santa Monica Bay; Anton Dohrn;
P. S. Barnhart, Venice Marine Biological Station: Beach on roots
of kelp; 1 female, 1 young (50216). Breakwater; October 29, 1913;
2 females (50213, 50290).

Point Vincent, from rocks; February, 1918; H. N. Lowe; 2 males
(51121).

me

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 325

San Pedro: H. N. Lowe;1 male (23053). 1901; T. D. A. Cockerell;
1 male (31513). Portuguese Bend; littoral; June 26, 1914; Anton
Dohrn; Venice Marine Biological Station; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female
(50210). E. P. Chace: December 15, 1918; 2 males (53992). Near
foot of breakwater; October 30, 1917; 1 male (53994). Point White;
May 18, 1919; 2 ovigerous females (53874, 53875). November,
1924; 1 young (61111).

Southern California; March 13, 1920; Univ. Southern Calif.; 1
male, 1 female (62526).

Seal Beach, south of Long Beach; March 2, 1919; E. P. and E. M.
Chace; 1 female, 1 young (53993).

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 1 ovigerous female (50597), 2 ovi-
gerous females (52753). September 16, 1918; 4 males, 1 young
(54031-54035).

Santa Catalina Island: Dredged, January, 1863; J. G. Cooper; 1
male (17533). Anton Dohrn, Venice Marine Biological Station:
Catalina Harbor; April 1, 1915; 1 male, 1 female (50291). Entrance
to Catalina Harbor; December 30, 1912; 2 males, 3 females (50215).
Isthmus Harbor; 8 males, 4 females (50208), 1 male (50211), 1 male
~ (50229).

San Clemente Island; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (29960).

La Jolla; 1918; W. L. Schmitt: From kelp holdfast, on beach;
August 17; 1 young (53974). Tide pools; September 22; 4 males
(53975).

San Diego; H. Hemphill; 1 female (17774).

LOPHOPANOPEUS LOCKINGTONI Rathbun
Plate 153, Figures 1, 2 and 8; Plate 154, Figures 1-3

Xanthodes leucomanus LockxineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 100; not X. lewcomanus Lockington, Proc. California Acad. Sci.,
vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p: 32.

Lophozxanthus bellus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 257 (part).

Lophozanthus leucomanus Houmss, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7,
1900, p. 61 (part).

Lophopanopeus lockingtont RatHBuN, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 137 (type-
locality, San Diego Bay; type, Cat. No. 19973, U.S.N.M.); Harriman
Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 183, pl. 7, fig. 7—Scrmirt, Univ. California
Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 244, pl. 37, fig. 2.

DPiagnosis.—Dark color of immovable finger of male (not female)
continued a little way on palm. Carpus of chelipeds rough with a
few partially reticulating ridges. Granulated patch on hepatic region
separated from granules on adjacent teeth. ;

Description.—Anterior half of carapace irregularly roughened; an
obliquely oval granulated patch on hepatic region is separated from
granules on adjacent teeth. Frontal lobes slightly oblique, outer
tooth well marked. Third antero-lateral tooth more produced than
second tooth; a line of fine granules runs from the third tooth to the

326 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

orbit; below, the suborbital and subhepatic regions are coarsely gran-
ulate, without a definite line between the third tooth and the buccal
angle.

Carpus of chelipeds crossed by a few thickened ridges incompletely
reticulating, distal margin having a thick granulated ridge distinctly
separated by a deep sulcus from rest of carpus; a large granulated
tubercle near articulation with hand. Upper surface of hand with
two longitudina] ridges, the outer straight, the inner curved and
ending proximally in a lobe or tooth; in the old these ridges tend to
disappear but not the lobe; outer surface of hand granulate, the gran-
ules forming more or less in longitudinal and transverse lines and
becoming fainter below and toward the fingers. Dark color of im-
movable finger of male runs back a little on palm, ending in an oblique
line, and in aright angle above. Carpus of ambulatory legs distinctly
but not markedly bilobed on the upper margin; propodus with slightly
convex upper margin.

Color.—Shows great variation, some have black fingers with white
tips, others have colored fingers, and the general tint of the carapace
varies considerably (Lockington).

Measurements.—Male (32976), length of carapace 10.6, width of
same 13.9; fronto-orbital width 8.2, width of front 4.5 mm.

Variation. —The reticulating ridges of the carpus (wrist) are some-
times very strong (as in the holotype) and may be broken up into
more or less elongated tubercles as in specimens from Long Beach
(50548) and Anaheim Slough.

Range.—From San Pedro, California, to Gulf of California, Mexico-
To a depth of 4% fathoms.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 2 males (32976).

Long Beach; H. N. Lowe; 1 female (50548).

Anaheim Slough; Lena Higgins; 2 females (1 ovigerous), variety
(61536). |

Newport Bay; November 27, 1914; Anton Dohrn, Venice Marine
Biological Station; 1 male, 1 female, soft shell (50241).

San Diego; H. Hemphill; 1 male (22562).

San Diego Bay; Albatross: 4} fathoms; R. brk. Sh.; March 24, 1894;
station 3591; 1 female holotype (19973). 4 fathoms; M. Sh.; March

31, 1896; station 3619; 1 young female (55500).
~ MEXICO.—‘‘La Paz, 3 fathoms, Mulege Bay, Port Escondido,
No. 29”; 1 male, 2 females, described by Lockington (p. 100) and
lent to the author by S. J. Holmes after the original specimens (types
of leucomanus) had been lost.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 327

LOPHOPANOPEUS DIEGENSIS Rathbun
Plate 153, Figures 6, 7, and 10

Lophopanopeus diegensis RaTHBUN, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 137 (type-local-
ity, San Diego, 10 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 4281, U.S.N.M.); Harriman
Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 184, pl. 9, fig. 3—Scumirt, Univ. California
Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 245, text-fig. 146, pl. 37, fig. 5.

Diagnosis —Carpus of ambulatory legs with two large naked
tubercles on upper margin. Carpus of chelipeds with numerous,
mostly separated tubercles on exposed surface. Second antero-
lateral tooth slightly projecting.

Description.—Carapace granulate on frontal and lateral regions,
granules arranged partly in lines. Frontal lobes deflexed, edge slightly
oblique and sinuous, outer tooth inconspicuous. Second antero-

FIGURE 49.—LOPHOPANOPEUS DIEGENSIS, MALE, HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 11.4 MM. WIDE

lateral tooth small, somewhat dentiform, directed toward orbit;
third, fourth, and fifth teeth prominent, carinate and subacute.
Suborbital and subhepatic regions granulate.

Carpus of chelipeds with about 35 unequal, finely granulate tuber-
cles, irregularly placed, some of them forming lines. Hand bicarinate
above, inner carina with a small prominence at proximal end; a few
tubercles on upper part of inner surface; upper and proximal portion
of outer surface rough with fine granulated rugae. Dark color of
immovable fingers not running back on palm but ending obliquely on
minor chela. Carpus of legs with two prominent naked, truncate
tubercles on upper margin, by which this species may at once be
recognized; propodus of last one to three pairs with a smaller tubercle
near proximal end of upper margin.

328 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Color.—Dull brown or blackish, occasionally tinged with red but
never conspicuously marked as in L. heathw (Weymouth).

Measurements —Male (50239), length of carapace 13.2, width of
same 18.6, fronto-orbital width 9.7, width of front 5.6 mm.

Range.—From Monterey Bay to San Diego, California. To adepth
of 46 fathoms.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Monterey Bay; Point Pinos Light House, 8S. 9°
E., 4.5 miles; 56-46 fathoms; crs. S. Sh. R.; June 6, 1904; station
4551, Albatross; 1 Male (50970).

Off Point Conception; lat. 34° 25’ 25’’ N.; long. 120° 20’ 00’’ W.;
31 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; January 8, 1889; station 2908, Albatross;
1 female (24751).

Monica Bay, off Santa Monica; August 13-14; Anton Dohrn; Venice
Marine Biological Station; 2 males (50237).

Monica Bay, off Venice; August 13-14; Anton Dohrn; 2 males
(50233).

Venice breakwater; February 19, 1913; Anton Dohrn; 5 males
(50239).

South of Venice breakwater; 20 fathoms; September 24, 1924;
Univ. Southern California; 1 male (62691).

Three miles SW. by S. of Venice; 22 fathoms; August 2, 1913;
Anton Dohrn; 1 male (50235).

Point Vincent; from rocks; February, 1918; H. N. Lowe; 1 female
(51128).

Off Point Fermin; March 14, 1914; Anton Dohrn; 1 female (50236).

San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 1 male, 1 female (82969).

Near Portuguese Bend, San Pedro; June 23, 1914; Anton Dohrn;
1 ovigerous female (50240).

Long Beach; 1925; Univ. Southern California: 16 fathoms; Septem-
ber 26; 1 female; returned. 16 fathoms; October 3; 1 male, 1 female;
returned. 28 fathoms; October 17; 1 female (62524). 24 fathoms;
October 17; 2 males, 2 females, returned; 1 male, 2 females (62693).

Santa Catalina Island; Anton Dohrn: Entrance to Catalina Har-
bor; December 30, 1912; 1 male, 2 young (50238). Isthmus Harbor;
November 27, 1913; 4 males, 2 females (50234).

La Jolla; in kelp holdfast on beach; August 18, 1918; W. L. Schmitt;
1 male (53973).

San Diego; 10 fathoms; H. Hemphill; 1 male, holotype (4281).

Southern California; Univ. Southern California; 5 males, 2 females
(1 with Rhizocephalid) (62525).

‘ THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 329

LOPHOPANOPEUS LOBIPES (A. Milne Edwards)
Plate 155, Figures 3-5

Neopanope lobipes A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 331, pl. 61,
fig. 3-3b (type-locality, south ef Florida, lat. 24° 43’ N., long. 83° 25’ W.;
37 fathoms; type in M.C.Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 14
(locality given as 24° 44’ N., 83° 26’ W.).

Lophopanopeus lobipes RATHBUN, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 272.—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
vol. 47, 1923, p. 327.

Diagnosis.—Lobes of front oblique. A tooth at middle of upper
orbital margin. First two antero-lateral teeth fused. Palms almost
entirely smooth to naked eye.

Description.—Regional furrows and areolations well marked; the
prominent parts of the lobes are covered with very fine granulation,
which is lacking on the cardiac region and the urogastric lobe. Frontal
lobes oblique, separated by a small rounded median sinus; a slight
lobe at outer angles. Orbits large, having on the upper margin an
inner and a median tooth. Outer
orbital or first antero-lateral tooth
small, coalesced with the second, lobi-
form tooth, forming a single oblong
or truncate tooth. Remaining teeth
large, triangular, sharp, margin thick,
the third tooth broadest and further

from the fourth than the fourth from pycure 50—LoruoraNorevs Lostres, FE-

the fifth. MALE, Key WEST (Mus. S. U. I.), CARA-
: PACE 5.6 MM. WIDE
Chelipeds very unequal; surface

covered with fine crowded pearly granules forming reticulating ridges.
Major palm very swollen, rugose above, where it is marked with one
or two inconspicuous, longitudinal furrows; outer face almost com-
pletely smooth to the naked eye; fingers large and brown, color
encroaching but little on the palm, where it ends in an oblique, wavy
line. Minor chela slender and feeble; fingers comparatively much
longer, its color extending much further back on the palm. Fingers
of both chelae meeting when closed. Color of fingers in female less
extensive than in male. Merus of ambulatory legs feebly granulate
above; carpus laterally compressed, its upper border bilobed except in
the last leg where there is a single lobe.

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (S.U.I.), length of carapace 4.3,
width 5.6 mm. Male type, length of carapace 4, width 5 mm.

Range.—Bahama Banks; Straits of Florida.

Material examined.—Bahama Banks; May 18, 1893; State Univer-
sity of Iowa Expedition; 1 young (Mus. S.U.1.).

Off Key West; shallow water; station 46; State University of lowa
Expedition; 1 ovigerous female (Mus. 8.U.I.).

330 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Northwest of Tortugas; lat. 24° 44’ N., long. 83° 26’ W.; 37
fathoms; April 2, 1877; station 10, U.S. Coast Survey steamer Blake;
1 male, type (2911, M.C.Z.).

LOPHOPANOPEUS MACULATUS Rathbun

Lophopanopeus maculatus RaTHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 588,
pl. 42, figs. 10 and 11 (type-locality, southern part of Gulf of California, 8
fathoms, station 2824 [Albatross]; type, Cat. No. 21585, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis —Wrist slightly rough; legs somewhat cristate, merus
spinulous; terminal segment of male abdomen wider than preceding
segment.

Description —Carapace hexagonal, moderately convex, deeply areo-
lated; covered with very fine, depressed, scabrous granules. Front
narrow, advanced, thickened, emarginate, with a short closed median
fissure; lobes oblique, margin sinuous, granulate, outer angle trun-
cate, obtuse. Lobe
between _ superior
notches of orbital
margin truncate, not
produced. Exorbital
tooth small, second
lateral tooth well
marked though not
prominent, rounded;
third, fourth, and
fifth teeth dentiform,
subacute, fifth a little
smaller; sinuses sepa-

rating second, third,
FiGURE 51.—LOPHOPANOPEUS MACULATUS, MALE, HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE fourth and fifth teeth
9.9 MM. WIDE. a. ABDOMEN. 6. DORSAL VIEW ’

continued by grooves
on carapace. Carapace granulate below; asuborbital tubercle. Inner
tooth of inferior orbital margin large, produced, thickened, blunt;
outer fissure deep, V-shaped. Proximal angles of third abdominal
segment of male acute, overlapping coxae of last pair of legs; penult
segment nearly as long as wide, increasing in width distally; last seg-
ment wider than preceding, free margin broadly arcuate.

Chelipeds not very unequal, heavy. Arm trigonal, as broad as long,
superior margin denticulate; wrist slightly rugose, a distal groove and
two blunt inner teeth or tubercles, one above the other. Major palm
wider than its superior length, upper surface somewhat flattened,
lower margin of whole propodus slightly sinuous; covered with large
and small punctae and fine granules which become larger and rougher
on the broad upper surface. Fingers wide, slightly gaping, and having
a few impressed, punctate lines; dactylus arched, a large basal tooth
and about seven small teeth; about six large teeth on immovable

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 331

finger. Minor cheliped narrower, fingers bent down a little more ;
prehensile teeth all small. Merus of legs narrow, anterior margins
spinulous; carpus-propodus enlarged at middle; carpus subcristate,
having a deep groove near anterior margin; propodus with convex
margins.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length 7.1 mm., width 9.9 mm.

Range.—Mexico: Magdalena Bay, Lower California; Gulf of
California. 7 to 17 fathoms.

Material examined—Magdalena Bay, west coast of Lower Cali-
fornia; lat. 24° 32’ 00’ N., long. 111° 59’ 00’ W.; 12 fathoms; fne.
gy.S.; May 2, 1888; Albatross; 1 ovigerous female (22006).

Southern part of Gulf of California; Albatross: Lat. 24° 11’ 30’/’ N %
long. 109° 55’ 00’ W.; 10 fathoms; Sh.; April 30, 1888; 1 young
female (22005). Lat. 24° 22’ 15’ N., long. 110° 19’ 15” Wee 7
fathoms; brk. Co.; April 30, 1888; 4 males, 1 female (22004). Lat.
24° 22’ 30’’ N., long. 110° 19’ 30’ W.; 8 fathoms; brk. Sh.; April 30,
1888; 1 male holotype, 1 female (21585). Lat. 25° 02’ 15’ N., long.
110° 43’ 30’’ W.; 17 fathoms; S. Sh.; March 17, 1889; 1 male (22007).

LOPHOPANOPEUS DISTINCTUS Rathbun
Plate 155, Figures 1 and 2

Micropanope sculptipes A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 325, pl.
54, fig. 2-2c; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 14; not M. sculptipes
Stimpson.

Lophopanopeus distinctus RatuBun (new name), Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State
Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 272—A. Minune Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 326:

Diagnosis —Carapace unusually wide. Chelipeds granulate. Pro-
podus of legs wide, not cristate.

Description.—Carapace broad, regions well marked, lobulate, and
granulate on the highest parts, with a tendency to form transverse
series; surface sparsely hairy. Front little advanced, deflexed, double-
edged, the upper edge more coarsely granulate than the lower or
true edge; median notch broad; each lobe with a concave edge and an
obtuse angle at either end. Inner angle of orbit a right angle; mar-
gin granulate; outer notch of good width, a broad tooth on its inner
side. Outer angle of orbit slight, inconspicuous; next antero-lateral
tooth broad and low; last three teeth subequal, the last two teeth
with pointed tips, which are equally produced laterally in the old,
but the last tooth less produced in the young,

Chelipeds subequal, narrow, pubescent and covered with sharp
granules; merus spinulous on upper margin; carpus with a stout
inner spine, outer surface irregularly furrowed; manus with a longi-
tudinal furrow outside, a little below upper surface, and another,
narrower and shallower furrow on the upper surface. F ingers elon-
gate, little or no gape, shallow teeth on prehensile edge. The mov-

302 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

able finger has four strong carinae, two outside, one above, one —
inside; the immovable finger has three carinae. In the small male
(20717) the major chela is very little stouter than the minor. The
female (11403) lacks the left chela; the dactylus of the right chela is
longer than the upper surface of the manus. Legs densely pubescent; —
merus with a row of spinules above, carpus with two rows.

Measurements —Female (11403), length of carapace 6.2, width of
same 9.5, fronto-orbital width 6, width of front 3.1 mm.

Range.-—Gulf of Mexico; Straits of Florida; Barbados (A. Milne —
Edwards). 26 to 101 fathoms. .

Material examined —Gulf of Mexico; south of St. George Island,
Florida; lat. 28° 46’ 00’’ N., long. 84° 49’ 00’’ W.; 26 fathoms; ers.
S. Co.; March 15, 1885; station 2406, Albatross; 1 male (20717).

Gulf of Mexico; northwest of Tortugas; lat. 25° 33’ N., long. 84°
21’ W.; 101 fathoms; temperature 61%%° F.; 1877-78; U. S. Coast
Survey Steamer Blake; 1 male (2772, M.C.Z.).

Straits of Florida; lat. 25° 05’ 00’’ N., long. 80° 15’ 00’’ W.; 56
fathoms; Co. S.; April 9, 1886; station 2640, Albatross; 1 female
(11403).

LOPHOPANOPEUS SOMATERIANUS, new species

Plate 153, Figures 3 and 4

Two specimens of a dactylus or movable finger of a cheliped of this
genus have been taken from stomachs of Somateria at St. George
Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska, by the United States
Biological Survey. One, which may be considered the holotype
(Cat. No. 61135, U.S.N.M.), is from S. spectabilis, King Eider
(B. S. 149820), taken February 4, 1917; the other (Cat. No. 61138)
is from S. v-nigra, Pacific Eider (B. S. 149824), February 6, 1917.
Both are right dactyli, tapering regularly to the tip and smooth ex-
cept on prehensile edge. The holotype is about 10 mm. long, thick,
with an irregular line of six unequal, low, separated tubercles along
the outer base of the blunt prehensile edge; a larger tubercle than
these but also low is situated near the proximal end of the inner half
of the same surface. Three longitudinal lines of punctae on the outer
surface and also on the inner surface. The second specimen is about
& mm. long, resembling the first, except that the tubercles are less
worn, more triangular and more projecting, and form with two small
intercalated denticles a continuous, subacute edge. Color of both
fingers hair brown with whitish tip.

Both ducks are Arctic species. Somateria spectabilis is said to
winter from the Aleutian Islands to Kadiak Island and from south-
ern Greenland and Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Long Island; S.
v-nigra winters in Bering Sea about the Aleutian Islands.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 333

Genus PANOPEUS Milne Edwards

| MUD CRABS
Panopeus MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 403; type, P. herbstii

Milne Edwards.

Eurypanopeus RaTHBvunN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 165 (part;
not Hurypanopeus A. Milne Edwards 1880).

Eupanopeus RatuBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p.
273. Substituted for Panopeus which was rendered invalid by Panopea Ménard
1807, according to a rule since reversed.

Carapace of moderate width, length two-thirds to three-fourths
the width, moderately convex, the regions fairly well delimited,
crossed by broken, raised, transverse lines on anterior half. Antero-
Jateral borders horizontal or shghtly upturned, shorter than postero-
lateral, arcuate, tending to subquadrate, cut into five teeth, including
orbital angle, which is more or less fused with the next tooth; the
third, fourth, and fifth are usually well-marked and distinctly denti-
form; outer margin of all the teeth sublaminar; postero-lateral bor-
ders moderately convergent, straight. Fronto-orbital border more
than half the greatest width of carapace. Front between a third and a
fourth the greatest width of carapace, horizontal or slightly deflexed,
laminar, with a median notch, and two sinuous lobes, separated from
the more elevated inner angle of orbit by a notch. Orbital margin
with two small but distinct U-shaped notches above, continued
backward by closed fissures, and a broad notch below outer angle.
A prominent tooth at lower inner angle. Orbits transversely oblong,
not tightly filled by the eyes. Inner portion of anterior margin
of basal article touches the front; its outer angle is prolonged into
the broad orbital hiatus, but does not exclude flagellum from orbit.

Merus of outer maxillipeds transverse, its anterior margin more or
less sinuous. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes; the merus has a
superior subterminal tooth; the carpus a tooth at inner angle; fingers
acute, movable finger of large cheliped with a large basal tooth.
Legs rather thick, compressed; horny tip of dactylus of last pair
recurved backward (not upward), that is, the tip does not lie in the
same plane as the remainder of the limb. Abdomen of male 5-seg-
mented.

From Massachusetts to State of Santa Catharina, Brazil; Baha-
mas; Bermudas; west coast of Mexico to Chile. West Africa.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PANOPEUS

A’, Five lateral teeth, the first two always distinguishable but generally more or
less fused.
B'. Dark color of immovable finger continued more or less on palm, especially
in males.
C!. Carapace narrow, length to width approximately as 1:1.35 or 1.36.
D'. Carapace depressed, fourth lateral tooth wider than third,
measured from sinus to sinus__________- americanus, p. 357.
D?. Carapace high in middle, fourth lateral tooth narrower than
CHIRP Ro Oe ese ber 5) Mees ene herbstii forma simpsoni, p, 337

334 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

C2, Carapace wider, fourth lateral tooth equal to or narrower than third.
D!. Edge of front thick, beveled, and with a transverse groove.
Third segment of male abodmen with lateral extremities broadly
TOUT G CG e ee Sete sae ee GU Fee pepe ar sea bermudensis, p. 360.
D*. Edge of front if thick not transversely grooved. Third segment.

of male abdomen with lateral extremities angled.
El. Front much produced, narrow, .24 of carapace width. First
and second lateral teeth deeply separated; remaining teeth
strongly hooked, spiniform___-___--_--_- chilensis, p. 346.
E?. Front little produced, wider, .28 to .33 of carapace width.
First and second lateral teeth not deeply separated; re-

maining teeth not strongly hooked.

F!, Sixth segment of male abdomen much broader than
long. First and second lateral teeth of carapace very
unequal, separated by a shallow sinus. Color of
immovable fingers running slightly back on palm.

turgidus, p. 364.

F’. Sixth segment of male abdomen very little broader
thanlong. First and second lateral teeth of carapace
separated by a deeper sinus. Color of immovable
fingers running well back on palm in male.

G!. Outer margins of lateral teeth form a regular curve

from lateral angle of carapace to orbital angle.
herbstii, typical, p. 335.
G?. Lateral teeth more outstanding, their outer mar-
gins not forming a regular curve from lateral

angle to orbital angle.
H!. Teeth shallow, third tooth suboblong.
herbstii forma obesa, p. 336.
H?. Teeth deeper, measured from tip to base,
compared to distance between sinuses.
herbstii forma crassa, p. 336.
B?. Dark color of immovable finger not continued on palm.
C!. Carapace and chelipeds rough and hairy. Outer surface of palm
with three longitudinal ridges_____---.---------- rugosus, p. 353.
C2. Carapace and chelipeds not noticeably hairy. Outer surface of palm
without longitudinal ridges.

D'. Coalesced (first plus second) lateral tooth narrow, width equal
to that of fourth tooth__-__--- ge ar era ae a purpureus, p. 344.
D?. Coalesced tooth broad, width greater than that of fourth tooth.
E!. Carapace rough with upstanding bead granules. First and

second lateral teeth similar, acute and widely separated.
harttii, p. 355.

E?. Granules of carapace depressed.

F'. Carapace rugose. Third to fifth lateral teeth more

prominent and widely separated.
occidentalis forma serrata, p. 349.

F2. Carapace nearly smooth. Third to fifth lateral teeth

less prominent and nearer together.
G'. Third lateral tooth narrower at base than fourth.
convexus, p. 352.
G?. Third lateral tooth wider at base than fourth.
occidentalis, typical, p. 348.
A2. Four lateral teeth, the first two of the normally five teeth completely and
indistingichably! fusedig4l oo ek ee oe eS boekei, p. 365.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 300

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PANOPEUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
herbstiz forma crassa. pur pureus.
occidentalis. convexrus.

PANOPEUS HERBSTI Milne Edwards
Plates 156 and 157

Cancer panope Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 58, pl. 4,
fig. 3 (part); not Cancer panope Herbst, 1801, which is a Menippe.

Panopeus herbsttti Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 403 (type-
locality, North America; type in Paris Mus.).—Smitu, Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 276.—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1880, p. 308, pl. 57, figs. 2, 2a —-BrneEpicT and Ratusun, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 358, pl. 19, figs. 1, 2; pl. 23, figs. 10-12—Sumner,
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, 1911, part 2, 1913, p. 673—Hay and SnHors,
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 437, pl. 34, fig. 9.

Panopeus lacustris DESBONNE and ScHRAMM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 68
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not extant).

Panopeus herbstii var. obesus Smitu, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869,
p. 278 (type-localities, Egmont Key, Florida, and Aspinwall; types in
Peabody Mus. Yale Univ.).

Panopeus herbstit granulosus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p.
309 (type-locality, Bahia, Brazil; type in Paris Mus.).

Panopeus crassus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 313, pl. 57, figs.
1, la (type-localities, Bahia and Desterro, Brazil; types in Paris Mus.).
Eupanopeus herbstii var. or subspecies, minax VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad.
Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 348, text-fig. 15, pl. 15, fig. 2 (type-locality,

Harrington Sound, Bermuda; type in Yale Mus.).

Panopeus herbstii GuNDLACH and TorraLBas, An. Acad. Ci. Habana, vol. 36,

1917, p. 370 [24], pl., fig. 16.

Diagnosis —Front sinuous, slightly four-lobed. Second lateral
tooth large, blunt, or arcuate. Wrist without distal groove. Several
roundish color spots on upper three-fifths of outer surface of hand.
Dark color of propodal finger continued a short distance on palm.
Abdomen of male arcuate at tip.

Description of the typical form (Plate 156, figs. 1 and 2).—Carapace
about % as long as wide; regions well marked, convexity variable,
surface coarsely granulate. A transverse raised granulate line nearly
across the branchial reigon and in line with the last sinus of the
antero-lateral border; a similar line runs obliquely backward from
the anterior margin of the last tooth; shorter transverse lines, some-
times wavy, are found on anterior half or two-fifths of carapace.
First (or outer orbital) tooth of lateral margin triangular, blunt,
little prominent; second tooth separated from first by a shallow
rounded sinus, and larger and nearly as advanced as first, either
blunt-pointed and with arcuate outer margin, or lobiform; third and
fourth teeth still larger, prominent, with arcuate outer margins and
acute tips, the third directed obliquely inward, the fourth forward or
slightly inward; fifth tooth shorter, with acute tip and straight outer
margin. In general the outlines of the teeth form a regular curve from

336 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

the lateral angle to the orbital angle. Front about two-sevenths the

greatest width of carapace; middle portion advanced only a little
beyond outer angles.

Chelipeds heavy, granulate; carpus without a groove parallel to

distal margin. Dark color of immovable finger continued for a short

but variable distance on palm. Third

ly AR segment of male abdomen reaching coxae

of feet of fifth pair; terminal segment

broader than long, rounded at end.

J Color —Dull brown-green, paler below.
(E Chelipeds deeper, sometimes spotted
with claret brown. Fingers blackish. A
Fievre 52—PAanorevs uerssm, mate, dirty gray or slate color (Hay and Shore).

eo ae Variation.—Extremely variable, espe-

ENEDICT AND RATHBUN ; a °

cially as to convexity, proportionate

length and width, acuteness of lateral teeth, depth of sinus between

first and second teeth. Apart from typical herbsti or forma typica,

three forms are sufficiently different to be worthy of distinct names

and yet not so sharply separated in characters or distribution as to
be considered subspecies or varieties.

a

FORMA OBESA Smith
Plate 156, Figure 3

Carapace very convex antero-posteriorly, usually shorter and
broader than in typical herbstii. Lateral teeth more outstanding,
their outer margins not forming a regular
curve from the lateral angle to the orbital
angle; the tips of the last two teeth not
curved inward; the third to fifth teeth less
sharp than in typica, the third and fourth
blunt in the old, third suboblong. Chelae
more elongate than in typica.

FORMA CRASSA A. Milne Edwards
Plate 157, Figure 3

Carapace wide, much swollen in the meso-
branchial region. Front scarcely retreating
in the middle, outer angles prominent.
Lateral teeth more outstanding than in either
of the two above described forms, second re eae nent, ae
tooth smaller and less lobiform, last three carcep. Arrer BenxpicT
teeth widely separated, acute and with asharp — “X? *A7#®0%
granulated edge which is continued behind the fifth tooth; third tooth
suboblong. Proportions of chelae intermediate between those of
typica and obesa, and ambulatory legs narrower. Verrill’s minax
from Bermuda appears to be the same as crassa.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA gar

FORMA SIMPSONI *° new
Plate 157, Figures 1 and 2

Type Locality.—Apalachicola, Fla. Type, female, Cat. No. 56382,
U.S.N.M.

Carapace rather narrow, more hexagonal than other forms of the
species, due to the advanced front, the second lateral tooth being
similar to, and no larger than the first tooth and situated almost
entirely behind the level of the first tooth, the chord of the antero-
lateral margin short, the last three teeth rather small, pointed, well
separated, third pointing forward or in the old obliquely forward and
outward, fifth tooth oblique, directed more outward in the old; a
carina follows its summit and is continued on the carapace. Surface
with many raised granulated lines, and with a scattering of stout
vesiculous hairs; these hairs form also a dense covering on the ventral
surface of the branchial region, the outer surface of the ischium of the
cheliped and outline the segments of sternum and abdomen. Sub-
hepatic tubercle flattened, free end directed forward. Chelipeds very
unequal. in both sexes, the major palm as high as its middle length.
Legs of first three pairs narrow and rather long, in the fourth pair the
last three articles are short and broad.

The forms here recognized are not always easily separated from one
another. Some specimens can not be referred to any one of them
but are intermediate. Intermediates may be found also in the same
gathering with others representing a true form.*!

Measurements
Forme ee ee ee
PEI UCC wees aes gt te 4539 3 31 43. 3 23. 6 12a
IOCS (Sree we Lie nh WN ay ky 15784 é BGs al O14 29 15
CROSS aie Pee Sel a 15412 3 38. 8 57 30. 6 16
Q 26 3520 22a VOl2

Habitat—Both forma typica and forma obesa were found in large
numbers on the South Carolina coast by a survey party on the steamer
Fish Hawk in 1891. Forma typica was taken at low tide on bunches
of oysters while forma obesa was living in burrows in the banks
above the water line. The shape of the convex form is attributable
to its habitat, the mode of life being calculated to mold the body into
a subcylindrical shape and to eliminate sharp points. Joseph D.
Mitchell says of forma simpsoni on the coast of Texas, “It lives on
oyster reefs and does not dig holes but scoops a place under a large

© For Charles T. Simpson, of Little River, Fla., who has devoted many years to the development of the
flora and fauna of the State.

41 Specimens of the different forms were sent to M. Gravier, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, who compared them critically with type specimens of P. herbstii and P. crassus.

79856—30——23

338 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

bunch of shells or piles a lot of small shells together over a depression
in the mud in which it lives.”

Range of the species—From Boston, Massachusetts, to Flori-
anopolis (or Desterro), Brazil; Bermuda. Occasional or accidental
north of New Jersey.

The typical form is more northern than any other. There are
specimens in the National Museum from Woods Hole (Massachu-
setts), Newport (Rhode Island), Chesapeake Bay (Maryland and
Virginia), South Carolina and Florida (as far as Cedar Keys); Bermuda
(Verrill).

Beaufort (North Carolina) is the most northern occurrence of
forma obesa; it is known also from South Carolina, Florida Keys,
west Florida, Louisiana, Cuba, Jamaica, St. Martin (Dutch West
Indies), Curacao, southern Brazil (from Bay of Rio de Janeiro to
Florianopolis); Bermuda.

Forma crassa ranges from western Florida through the West Indies
to Trinidad, and by way of Honduras, Panama and Colombia to
central Brazil (from Mamanguape to the State of Rio de Janeiro);
Bermuda.

Forma simpsoni is the prevailing, though not the exclusive, form
in the Gulf of Mexico, as, in west Florida and Texas; it has been
taken occasionally in South Carolina, where also various forms inter-
mediate between the typica and simpsoni occur.

Material examined.—

MASSACHUSETTS.—Boston (M.C.Z.).

Vineyard Sound; 1875; 1 specimen (P.M.Y.U.).

Woods Hole; January 8, 1876; Vinal N. Edwards, U.S. Fish Com-
mission; 1 specimen (40012), forma typica.

Buzzards Bay shore of Pasque Island, Elizabeth Islands; 6%-
7% fathoms; Sh. M.; July 12, 1905; station 84, Phalarope, Bureau of
Fisheries; 1 young (Woods Hole Station).

RHODE ISLAND.—Newport; shore; 1880; U. S. Fish Commis-
sion; 2 males, 1 female (4539, 40114), forma typica; 2 males, 1 young
female (P.M.Y.U.).

Drownville (M.C.Z.).

NEW JERSEY.—Maurice River Cove; November 16, 1928;
H. G. Richards; 1 male, forma typica; returned to University of
Pennsylvania.

MARYLAND.—Magothy Bay; on coon oysters; July 22, 1916;
Fish Hawk; 2 males, 1 ovigerous female (56266), forma typica.

VIRGINIA.—Smith Island; December 24, 1898; William Palmer;
1 female (22328), forma typica.

Eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay: 1 female (42811), forma typica,
from Union College. H. E. Webster; 1 male (56837), almost typica,
varying toward simpsoni, from Boston Society of Natural History.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 339

November 22, 1921; W. D. Schroeder; stations 26 and 27, Bureau of
Fisheries; 1 female (57139), forma typica.

Chesapeake Bay, % mile southeast of Tangier Light; lat. 37° 47’
N.; long. 75° 58’ W.; 12 fathoms; January 18, 1914; station 8018;
Fish Hawk; 1 male (56386), forma typica.

Western shore of Chesapeake Bay, in Northumberland County;
December 23, 1914; P. L. Boone; 4 males, 4 females (48850), forma
typica.

Lynnhaven Bay; July 14, 1916; Fish Hawk: 1 male, 1 female
(56267), forma typica. In small creek at Hoeflicks; 1 female (56268),
forma typica, overgrown with compound ascidian.

NORTH CAROLINA.—Beaufort; in oyster beds; R. Binford;
1 female (42849), forma obesa. Zoea hatched August 12, 1908.

Beaufort Harbor; 1928; Schmitt and Shoemaker: Shackleford
Bank, inside; September 12; 1 female (62540), forma typica. Gallant
Point; mud flats; September 13, 6 males, 3 females (62539), forma
typica; September 14, 3 males (62538), forma typica.

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Winyah Bay; Fish Hawk: 1 young female
(18623), forma sumpsonr. Half a mile N. of wharf on South Island;
4 fathoms; hrd. Sh.; temperature 48.5° F.; January 3, 1891; 15+
specimens (15690), between formae typica and simpsoni. Lat. 33°
49’ 45” N., long. 78° 04’ 00’’ W.; 7 fathoms; hrd.; temperature
80.5° F.; July 12, 1915; station 8275; 3 males, 1 female (51022),
forma simpsonr. Lat. 33° 13’ 22’’ N.; long. 79° 11’ 07’ W.; 5 fathoms;
hrd.; temperature 81° F.; July 10, 1915; station 8272; 1 male, soft-
shell, 6 females (2 ovigerous), 1 young (56265), between formae
typica and simpsoni.

Oyster Bay; 1890; 1 male, 1 female (15730).

Old Man Creek; December 30, 1890; Fish Hawk; 2 young (15741),
atypical varying toward forma simpsoni.

Bulls Bay; 1891; Fish Hawk; 1 male, 2 females, 2 young (15775).

Cooper River; 300 yards above Lighthouse wharf, lower entrance;
5 fathoms; hrd. Co.; temperature 50° F.; January 16, 1891; station
1646, Fish Hawk; 1 female y. (59938).

Charleston; 2 females (57011), forma obesa, from Boston Society
of Natural History.

Colleton River; between tide marks in stone and sand; January
21, 1891; U.S. Fish Commission; 1 female (56379), forma obesa.

Morgan River; under bunches of oysters; February 24, 1891;
Fish Hawk; 8 males, 16 females (15780), forma typica.”

Myrtle Bush Creek; 1891; Fish Hawk; 13 specimens (15772).

Jericho Creek; January 23, 1891; Fish Hawk; 25 specimens (15782),
forma typica; 3 young (26150), atypical varying toward forma simp-
soni.

“ Compared by M. Gravier with Milne Edwards’s types in Paris Museum.

340 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Cat Island Creek; Fish Hawk; 2 females (15779).

West end Port Royal Island; January 27, 1891; Fish Hawk; 22
males, 34 females (15768, 15784), forma obesa.

Near Port Royal; Fish Hawk; 1 female, 4 young (15726), forma
typica.

Paris Island; January 19, 1891; Fish Hawk; 1 young (15742),
forma obesa.

Mouth of Bull Creek; 1891; Fish Hawk; 1 male, 1 female, 1 young
(15722).

Calibogue Sound; Fish Hawk; 1 female (15737).

FLORIDA.—St. Augustine (P.M.Y.U.).

Mouth of Indian River (P.M.Y.U.).

Near Indian Key; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 3 females (15018, 15423).
_ Key Vaccas; December, 1883; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 1 female
(14071).

Big Pine Key; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 1 female (15014).

Harbor Key; H. E. Webster; 1 male (56838), forma typica; received
from Boston Society of Natural History.

Key West: 1884; Albatross; 9 males, 8 females (7512). 1884;
Edward Palmer; 1 male, 1 female (9254), between formae typica and
obesa. H. Hemphill; 2 males, 5 females (9296), varying from typica
toward obesa and crassa.

Off North Fort Murtane; July 14, 1924; W. L. Schmitt; 10 males
(2 soft shell), 4 females (62541, 62542) between forma obesa and forma
typica; gift of Carnegie Institution.

Boca Grande; April 27, 1915; E. Danglade, Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous
female (56360), forma sumpsoni.

Tortugas: Garden Key; 18 males, 10 females (2077), forma obesa.
Off coal dock and Bird Key Reef; June 26, 1925; W. L. Schmitt;
4 males, 6 females (3 ovigerous), (59456) nearly typical; received
from Carnegie Institution. From stomach of gray snapper, Neomae-
mis griseus (Li.); June 21, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 pair of chelipeds
(61122), received from Carnegie Institution. Bush Key Reef;
July 16, 1926; C. R. Shoemaker; 2 males (59937), var. between
typical and forma crassa. Mid-section of Bush Key reef; August 1,
1924; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males, 2 females (62544), forma obesa; gift of
Carnegie Institution.

Marco; H. Hemphill; 6 males, 1 female, 1 young (15017, 15636);
2 males, 1 female (15412) forma crassa.

Oyster Bay; H. Hemphill; 2 females (15013), 2 young (15637),
forma simpsoni. Ferguson’s Pass; 1 male (15419), forma obesa.

Punta Rassa; February, 1884; H. Hemphill; 18 males, 8 females
(6438), 1 young (18261).

Sanibel Island; February 22, 1928; O. C. Van Hyning; 2 females,
returned to Florida State Mus.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 341

Sarasota Bay: February, 1884; H. Hemphill; 2 males (6425), 1
female (15421) forma obesa. H.E. Webster; 1 male (56839), forma
obesa, received from Boston Society of Natural History.

Cortez; J. W. Velie; 2 specimens (39122), forma obesa.

Palma Sola, mouth of Manatee River; January, 1884; H. Hemphill;
10 males, 18 females (6433), leaning toward forma simpsoni.

Egmont Key; cotypes of forma obesa (P.M.Y.U.).

Tampa Bay: H. Hemphill; 8 males, 3 females (15407). 1889;
Grampus; 1 male (15224). Near Piney Point; 2 fathoms; H. Hemp-
hill; 12 males, 4 females (6962).

Goodland Point; H. Hemphill; 11 young (1 abnormal) (6985,
15635), forma sumpsont.

Boca Ceiga Bay, inner shore of Pine Key; January, 1884; H.
Hemphill; 1 female (6447).

Clearwater; July 14, 1879; S. T. Walker; 2 males, 1 female (3277).

Cedar Keys: H. Hemphill; 10 males, 4 females (6982, 15413, forma
simpsoni; 15417, forma typica). January, 1918; O. C. Van Hyning;
1 male (57846), forma crassa, gift of Florida State Museum. From
gullet of Rallus crepitans scotti female; March 20, 1926; G.S. Miller, jr.,
and C. R. Aschemeier collectors; 1 young female (60806), forma crassa.
Flats at low tide; March 27, 1926; Miller and Aschemeier; 1 male
(60919), forma typica.

St. George Sound; 1860; H. A. Purdie; 1 female (56841), forma
simpson, from Boston Society of Natural History.

Apalachicola; July 16, 1915; E. Danglade, Fish Hawk; 6 males,
2 females (56382), forma simpsoni; 1 female is type.

Apalachicola Bay, vicinity of New Inlet; in algae on oysters;
1 female (61377), forma sumpsont.

Apalachicola; summer, 1928; J. V. and Frank F. Gander; 1 young

‘male (62545), forma simpsont.

Pensacola; 1878; S. Stearns; 1 specimen (3466).

MISSISSIPPI.—Henderson Point; Sept. 2, 1928; Tulane Univer-
sity; 1 female, forma simpsoni; returned to sender.

LOUISIANA.—Grand Isle, near New Orleans; G. Kohn; 1 female
(2256), forma obesa.

TEXAS.—Galveston Bay; November 5-15, 1891; B. W. Ever-
mann, U.S. Fish Commission; 1 male (17101), forma simpsoni.

Matagorda Bay: J. D. Mitchell; 3 males, 2 females (20639), forma
simpsoni; Palacios Reef; December, 1904; T. E. B. Pope, Bureau
of Fisheries; 3 females (33029, 33030), forma simpsoni.

MEXICO.—Vera Cruz; P. Geddes (Brit. Mus.).

HONDURAS.—Near Belize; W. A. Stanton; 1 female (21376),
forma crassa.

BAHAMAS.—H. Bryant; 1 male (57008), between formae obesa
and crassa, received from Boston Society of Natural History.

342 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Green Turtle Cay; EK. A. Andrews; 1 male (20710), between formae
typica and obesa.

Bahama Banks; 1893; State University of Iowa Expedition; 1
female (Mus. 8.U.I.).

CUBA.—1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedi-
tion: Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; station 11; May 22;
caught by copper sulphating reef; 2 males (48559), forma obesa.
Punta Colorado; station 10; 2-3 fathoms; Sh. Grs.; 1 male (48553),
forma crassa. Los Arroyas; station 8; May 20; 2 females (48551),
forma obesa.

Mariel; under stones between tides; May 10, 1900; William Palmer
and J. H. Riley; 15 specimens (2 with Peltogastrid parasite) (23829),
forma obesa.

Cardenas; 1923; Francisco R. Sosa; 4 males, 1 female (58393),
forma obesa.

Guantanamo Bay; on beach; Lieut. Commander George E. Brandt,
U.S. 5S. Borie; 1 young female (59896), forma obesa.

Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines; Mario Sanchez Roig; 1 male (53343),
forma crassa.

HAITI.—Jeremie (M.C.Z.).

JAMAICA.—1884; Albatross; 2 males, 2 females, 1 young (15654),
forma crassa.** T.H. Morgan; 1 female (59472), forma crassa. Feb-
ruary 4, 1928; C. R. Orcutt; 1 female ovigerous (61366).

Montego Bay; 1910: Brackish pond near seashore; June 2; C. B.
Wilson; 4 males, 2 females (42933), forma crassa.

Bogue Islands; on mangrove roots with sponges, ascidians, etc.;
June 20; C. B. Wilson; 2 males, 4 females (45931), inclining toward
P. occidentalis. Salt Pond; June 28; E. A. Andrews; 1 male, 2 females
(41750), forma crassa.

Kingston Harbor; May—July, 1896; F. S. Conant; 3 young (19591), ©
forma crassa, probably.

Jamaica; C. R. Orcutt: 1 male (62543); forma obesa. Kingston; 1
young male (62537).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: San Juan; January 12; 1 fe-
male (24266). Porto Real; in mangrove swamp; January 27; 1 female
(24246). Ponce; reefs; January 30; 1 male, 2 females (24268).
Ensenada Honda, Culebra; February 9; 2 young (24329). All are ©
forma crassa.

LEEWARD ISLANDS.—St. Martin; 1905; J. Boeke: Philips
Bay; April; Dr. Shaw collector; 1 ovigerous female (Leiden Mus.).
Simson’s Bay, lagoon, inside sponge; September; 1 ovigerous female
(42979), forma obesa.

Antigua; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of
Iowa: English Harbor; 1 young male (58037), forma crassa. Pillars
of Hercules; 1 male, thin shell, 2 young (Mus. 8.U.L.).

43 Compared by M. Gravier with A. Milne Edwards’s types in Paris Museum.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 343

BARBADOS.—1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State Univer-
sity of Iowa; 1 male (58036), forma crassa; 1 male, 1 female (Mus.
= U.1.).

TRINIDAD.—Shore; January 30-February 2, 1884; Albatross; 2
males, 1 female (7640). February, 1878; Crosby collector; 1 male, 1
female (57012), from Boston Society of Natural History. All are
forma crassa.

DUTCH ISLANDS, OFF VENEZUELA.—1905; J. Boeke; speci-
mens in Leiden and Amsterdam Museums. Bonaire; lagoon, shallow
water (% fathom), in mangroves; 1 young. Curacao; rifwater, shal-
low water, mud; September 4; 1 male. Caracas Bay, Curagao; 3
fathoms; October 21; 1 immature female. Aruba; Paarden Bay; 1
fathom; coral rocks; August 3; 1 young.

Curacao: February 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 9 males, 7 females
(7585), between formae obesa and crassa. Caracas Bay; small pool;
April 26, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 young female, soft shell, and 1
male from under a stone (both in Amsterdam Mus.). Spanish Water;
1920; C. J. van der Horst: April 17; 3 young (Amsterdam Mus.).
May 7; 1 female (56889), forma obesa.

VENEZUELA.—Cumana (M.C.Z.).

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 3 males,
4 females (7562), between formae obesa and crassa; 1 young, very
small (15655), probably forma crassa.

PANAMA.—Fox Bay, Colon; Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian
Biological Survey: January 19, 1911; 1 male (44181), forma crassa.
March 22, 1912; 2 males, 2 females (59319), 1 male, 2 females (Field
Mus.).

Toro Point, Canal Zone; April 12, 1911; same collectors; 1 male
(44180).

BRAZIL.—Para (M.C.Z.).

Mamanguape stone reef; June 23, 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-
Agassiz Expedition; 1 female (25732) forma crassa. e

Rio Parahyba do Norte, Cabedello; on mangroves; June 20, 1899;
same collector; 4 males, 5 females (25733), forma crassa.

Pernambuco stone reef; July 7, 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz
Expedition; 1 small female without chelipeds (25734), forma crassa.

Plataforma, Bahia; 1876-1877; Richard Rathbun, Hartt Explora-
tions; 1 female (40585), forma crassa.

Mapelle, Bahia; same collector; 1 male (40584), forma crassa.

Ilhéos, Bahia; 1919; E. Garbe; 1 female; lent by Mus. Paulista
(1225, part), forma obesa.

Barta de Sao Joao, Est. Rio de Janeiro; October, 1912; E. Garbe
collector; 1 male (47847), forma crassa, received from H. von Ihering.

Paqueta, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; August 19, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 8
males, 6 females (2 ovigerous) (59457), forma obesa. One immature
female is atypical, leaning toward americanus.

344 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Sao Francisco, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; sandy beach and adjacent
rocks; August 25, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 1 female (59460),
forma obesa.

Between Canals 4 and 5, Estuario, Santos; September 13, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 10 males, 4 females (1 ovigerous) (59461), forma obesa.

Piassaguera, Santos; June, 1913; H. von Ihering; 1 male (47851),
forma obesa.

Paranagua; sandy mud flats, under scattered rocks; October 3,
1925; W. L. Schmitt; 8 males (1 soft shell), 2 females (59462), forma
obesa or near it.

Ilha Sao Francisco, Santa Catharina; October 28-29, November 1,
1925; W. L. Schmitt; 3 males, 11 females (2 ovigerous) 1 young
(59465), forma obesa. October7, 1925; 1 young (59458) forma obesa.

Florianopolis; Praia de Fora (rocks); November 5, 1925; W. L.
Schmitt; 4 males, 2 females (1 soft shell) (59459), forma obesa.

BERMUDA.—1876-1877; G. Brown Goode; 3 specimens (43046),
forma crassa.

W.N. Rankin; 1 female (25825), forma obesa.

PANOPEUS PURPUREUS Lockington
Plate 158, fig. 1; Plate 159

Panopeus purpureus LocKineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 101 [7] (type-localities, Magdalena Bay and La Paz; types not extant).—
A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 316, pl. 57, fig. 3—RaTH-
BUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 541.

Diagnosis—Front broad. Coalesced (first plus second) lateral
tooth narrow, width equal to that of fourth tooth. Exorbital notch
deep. Color of immovable fingers not covering proximal end. Legs
slender. Tip of male abdomen arcuate.

Description.—Carapace very high in the middle, convex in both
directions. Lateral boundaries of cardiac and metagastric regions
deep, of ,protogastric and mesogastric regions shallow. Surface
densely granulate, with a few raised lines of granules, which are not
prominent, namely, one long, transverse, on epibranchial region, one
transversely oblique, leading inward from the last lateral tooth, a
faint irregular, usually broken, protogastric line and a short epigastric
one. Front edge sinuous, a well formed, rounded lobule at outer
angle; lobes of middle pair with a slight indentation not far from
median line; median notch small, continued by a closed fissure.
Inner orbital angle obtuse, margin between superior closed fissures
transverse, outer suborbital emargination broad and deep, the lower
margin of the orbit being advanced at this point in a small .tooth;
inner lower tooth bluntly rounded and set off by a V-shaped cut.
Antero-lateral margin short, about two-thirds as long as postero-
lateral margin; first or orbital tooth an isosceles triangle, tip rectan-
gular; second tooth with a convex outer margin directed forward and

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 345

inward, tip similar to first tooth and equally (in the old) or nearly
as advanced as the first tooth. The coalesced first and second tooth
is uncommonly long and narrow, its width at base is equal to width
of fourth tooth, its extremity is narrow with a small emargination.
Third tooth short and broad, anterior margin concave or (in the old)
slightly sinuous, outer or posterior margin convex, acute, tip pointing
slightly inward. Fourth tooth larger than third, anterior margin
concave, posterior convex, acute tip pointing directly forward. Fifth
tooth of good size, although smaller than third, narrow, conical,
directed outward and slightly forward.

Subdistal tooth of merus of chelipeds acute. Distal furrow of
carpus faintly indicated. Palms elongate, much higher at distal than
proximal end; a few low uneven tubercles on inner side of proximal
half of upper surface. Major propodal finger nearly horizontal, minor
one deflexed, tips of both upturned, color not quite covering base of
finger. Ambulatory legs long and narrow, propodus of last pair only
slightly wider than that of fourth pair.

Abdomen of male elongate, sixth segment a little wider than its
greatest length, free edge of terminal segment broadly rounded.

Color—Carapace, dark bluish brown; upper surface of chelipeds
lighter violet brown; both carapace and chelipeds spotted with irreg-
ular blotches of dark reddish brown. Under surface of chelipeds
orange yellow. Fingers light brown, white at tips.

Measurements.—Male (40427), length of carapace 35.6, width of
same 51.2, fronto-orbital width 30, width of front 15.7 mm.

Relation.— Nearest to P. herbstii forma crassa which, however, has
more short transverse markings on the carapace, a wider coalesced
lateral tooth, narrower front, less prominent lower orbital margin,
and more extensive color on immovable fingers.

Range.—¥rom Mexico (Magdalena Bay and Guaymas) to Peru.

Material examined.—Guaymas, gulf side, Mexico; under stones;
scarce; February 27, 1891; P. L. Jouy; 5 males, 2 females, 1 young
(16080, 16081).

Gulf of Fonseca, Salvador-Nicaragua; J. A. McNiel; specimens in
M.C.Z.

Puntarenas, Pacific-Estero side, Costa Rica; inhabits mangroves;
February, 1905; J. F. Tristan; 2 females (32326).

Puntarenas, Costa Rica; January 10, 1927; M. Valerio, 1 male
(60836).

Canal Zone, Panama; Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biolog-
ical Survey: Corozal; April 20-21, 1911; 1 male (44182), 1 male
(Field Mus.). Balboa; tide; February 1, 1912; 1 female (59320).

Mouth of Rio Tumbes (Boca Alamo), Peru; in casting net; January
15, 1908; R. E. Coker; 1 male (40427), received from Peruvian
Government.

346 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PANOPEUS CHILENSIS Milne Edwards and Lucas
Plate 158, fig. 3; Plate 160

Punopeus chilensis MiLtNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 16; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 8, fig. 2-26 (type-locality,
Chile; cotypes in Paris. Mus., one cotype ia U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 20264,
one in Phila. Acad.).

Panopeus validus Smit, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 278
(type-localities, Panama and Acajutla, Salvador; types in Peabody Mus.
¥.U.)*

?Panopeus bradleyi Smit, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 281
(type-locality, Panama; type not located in Peabody Mus. Y.U.).

Eupanopeus chilensis RatHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat.
Hist., State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 273.

Eupanopeus bradleyi Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat.
Hist., State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 278.

Diagnosis.—Front narrow. Second to
fifth lateral teeth large and strongly curved.
Middle portion of lower orbital margin a
strong tooth. Color of immovable fingers
spreading on palm. Abdomen of male con-

stricted between fifth and sixth segments.
Description —Carapace moderately con-
vex, coarsely granulate. Grooves defining
gastric region and anterior cardiac region
deep; branchio-hepatic groove shallower.
Transverse granulate lines weak; the strong-
est are the epibranchial, hepatic, and epi-

FIGURE 54.—PANOPEUS CHILENSIS, > 5 - Z
MALE ABDOMEN, ENLARGED, gastric; the protogastric regions have various
Arter Benepict AND RATHBUN short irregular lines. Front narrow, promi-
nent, with a small, very distinct lobule at either end; submedian
lobes more advanced, edge forming a single arch with a very slight
median emargination which is followed by a deep, almost closed or
slightly button-holed fissure. Inner border of orbit strongly elevated,
ending in an acute tooth; superior border between fissures short,
arched forward; a broad and deep external emargination, below which
is a strong tooth which forms a large part of the lower wall of the
orbit; its inner slope is long and slightly bilobed; tooth at inner angle
more advanced and conical. Subhepatic tubercle large, conical, below
anterior part of second lateral tooth. Antero-lateral margin nearly as
long as postero-lateral, teeth large (except first), well separated. First
(or orbital) tooth small, an equilateral triangle with a blunt point,
separated from next tooth by a deep and very broad sinus. Second
tooth with a strongly arched outer margin and a concave inner one,
tip blunt. Third, fourth, and fifth teeth also strongly curved for-
ward, the inner edges concave; third wider at base than fourth, fifth
much narrower and thicker, but still longer and stronger than usual

a

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 347

in the genus; the carapace is distinctly widest between tips of teeth
of this last pair.

Chelipeds somewhat shorter than in P. purpureus; subdistal tooth
on merus short and broad; carpus uneven, covered with reticulating
rugae, a distal groove present, inner tooth short, blunt; manus shorter
in relation to its height than in purpureus, covered on the greater
part of its surface inside and out by a reticulating color pattern;
upper surface somewhat flattened, grooved only at proximal end.
Color of immovable finger running well back on hand in male, espe-
cially on lower margin but more restricted in female; the major
finger is high at base and has on the prehensile edge a well-developed
subbasal tooth which helps to define the sinus into which the large
tooth of the dactyl fits. Ambulatory legs rather broad, especially
propodus of last leg; dactylus of this leg only a little longer than
propodus. The dactyls of the other legs are longer (1), times) than
their respective propodites. The legs besides a short tomentum
have a marginal fringe of tubular hairs.

Abdomen of male strongly constricted between fifth and sixth seg-
ments; terminal segment with rapidly convergent sides and a rounded
tip.

Color —General color bright bottle green, mixed with yellowish
above. Chelipeds bluish green above, bright yellow orange below,
fingers brownish. Legs and lower surface of body yellowish white.
(Milne Edwards and Lucas.)

Measurements —Male (13930), length of carapace 34, width of
carapace 48.4, fronto-orbital width 24, width of front 11.7 mm.

Relation—In the shape of the carapace, the narrow front and
orbits and the curve of the antero-lateral teeth coinciding with the
direction of the margin, this species resembles P. rugosus, but the latter
is much rougher and hairier, and the hands and fingers deeply grooved.

Range.—F rom Sinaloa, Mexico, to Chile.

Material eramined.—States of Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico; 2-12
meters; Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento; 1 male, 3 females
(1 ovigerous) (60233).

Mazatlan, Mexico; September 29, 1922; C. R. Orcutt; 1 ovigerous
female (56687).

Maria Madre Island, Mexico; March—May, 1927; from Secretaria
de Agricultura y Fomento, through A. L. Herrera; 1 young male, 3
young females (60804).

Carbon Island, Corinto, Nicaragua; J. A. McNiel; specimen in
M.C.Z.

Punta Arenas, Pacific coast of Costa Rica; January, 1907; J. F.
Tristan; 1 male, 3 females (39086), received from P. Biolley.

44 Species most abundant in oyster beds. Females were found with eggs in two different seasons; first
from May to July, and for the second time in December and January. I could not observe whether two
broods were hatched per annum; or only one, the females laying eggs at different seasons.”

5

348 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Panama: 1 female (19872), received from Ward’s Natural Science
Establishment. Panama (?); 1 male (13930). Panama City; J.
Zetek: December 12, 1913, 1 male (48792); October 5, 1914, 1 male
(48783). Shore of Panama; low tide, rocks; May-July, 1924; E.
Deichmann, 1 male, 1 female with Rhizocephalid (60803).

Paita, Peru; October 8, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 cheliped (62723).

Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon), Peru; January 23, 1908;
R. E. Coker; 1 female (40426), received from Peruvian Government.

Chile; d’Orbigny; cotypes (Paris Mus.), 1 male cotype (20264), 1
male cotype, Guérin collection (Phila. Acad.).

PANOPEUS OCCIDENTALIS Saussure
Plate 161

Panopeus occidentalis SaussurB, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1857, p. 502
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Geneva Mus.); Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p. 481 [15], pl. 1, fig. 6—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust.
Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 310.—Brnepict and Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 14, 1891, p. 360, pl. 20, fig. 3; pl. 23, fig. 14.

Panopeus serratus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1857, p. 502
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Geneva Mus.); Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p. 482 [16], pl. 1, fig. 7—BrNnEepicT and RatTuHsBouN,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 371, pl. 24, figs. 3 and 4.

Eupanopeus occidentalis RatHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 273; Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 29.

Eupanopeus serratus VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13,
1908, p. 353, text-figs. 14d and 18, pl. 16, figs. 1 and 5.

Diagnosis—Front narrow, advanced. Gastric region convex.
Lateral teeth thick and deeply separated. Third tooth broad and
blunt, forming almost a right angle at tip. Wrist with distal groove.
Dark color of propodal finger not continued on palm. Sixth segment
of male abdomen usually narrowed toward proximal end.

Description of the typical form (Plate 161, fig. 2).—Differs from P.
herbstii as follows: Carapace more convex especially the gastric
region. Second tooth of lateral margin usually narrower and sep-
arated by a deeper sinus from first tooth; third to fifth teeth thicker,
more prominent and more widely separated from each other; third
tooth blunt. forming almost a right angle at the tip. Front narrower
and more advanced. Carpus of chelipeds with a groove parallel to
distal margin. Dark color of thumb not continued on palm. Am-
bulatory legs a little longer and slenderer. Abdomen of male wider,
especially noticeable at penult segment, which is inclined to narrow
a little toward proximal! end.

Oolor.—Carapace dull yellow spotted with brown and red; feet
nankin yellow, with some brown maculations and speckles on cheli-
peds and brown or rose streaks on the ambulatories (Desbonne and
Schramm). In Brazilian specimens the speckles on the palm form
a partially reticulate pattern, the color runs further down the outer

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 349

‘surface than in herbstii, and one misses the scattered round dots
characteristic of the latter species.
Varia'ion.—There is considerable variation even in the same lot of
specimens. The carapace may be almost smooth and shining or
have some slight, granulate, transverse lines. The
second tooth of the lateral margin may be small,
subacute, similar to the first tooth instead of
broadly rounded and larger than the first one.
The sides of the sixth abdominal segment in the
fema’e may be parallel or nearly so instead of
converging slightly toward proximal end. Ina
lot of six from Brazil (Ilha Governador) the cara-
paces are rather more convex and more oval than
usual and two large males of subequal size differ
remarkably from each other in ther antero-
FIGURE 55.— PANOPEUS OC- ; : :
CIDENTALIS, MALE abpo- lateral margins; in one all the sinuses are deep
MEN, ENLARGED, AFTER and all the teeth subtriangular; in the other the
BENEDICT AND RATHBUN ‘ :
sinuses are shallow, the outer margins of the s.c-
ond, third, and fourth teeth are long and arcuate. Certain assemblages
of specimens differ in several respects from the typ:cal form and yet
are not so homogeneous as to warrant a specific designation. They
may be known as a forma

FORMA SERRATA Saussure
Plate 161, Figures 1 and 3

Differs from true occidentalis in the carapace more rugose, the third,
fourth and fifth teeth widely separated and more outstanding, the
second tooth usually narrow and subtriangular. Carpus of cheliped
rugose. Within the form, the abdomen varies in the amount of con-
striction and the carapace varies in shape, leaning either toward the
hexagonal or to the oval.

Measurements.—A smaller species than P. herbstv.

Fronto-

Forma Catglowue | sex | Cummeoe.| Coram? | orbital | Prant
IDI Dg ae ened pe esi 59463 3 22. 6 33 17 9
eT tae ee STOLE $119) 15713 3 19. 1 ets 15. 6 8

Range.—From South Carolina, by way of the Gulf of Mexico, to
State of Santa Catharina, Brazil. Bermuda.

Material examined.—Unless otherwise indicated, the form of the
specimens listed below is typical or near typical.

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Calibogue Sound; Fish Hawk: Off south
end of May River; 10 fathoms; hrd.; temperature 51° F.; January
16, 1891; station 1651, 1 young female (59491) typical; 6 males,
8 females, 8 young (15713), forma serrata. Between stations 1646
and 1651; 1 young female (15737), forma serrata.

350

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Material examined of Panopeus occidentalis from Fish Hawk dredgings in Florida

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FLORIDA.“—Miami; G. M.
Gray; 1 male, 1 young female
(42128).

Biscayne Bay, near Cape Flor-
ida; U. S. Fish Commission; 2
males (31470), forma serrata.

Carysfort Reef; 1884; Edward
Palmer; 1 male (9297), forma
serrata.

Indian Key; H. Hemphill; 1
male (15418), forma serrata.

Knights Key; January 21, 1903;
Fish Hawk; 1 male (60808), forma
serrata.

No Name Key; H. Hemphill;
4 males, 2 females (15015).

Key West; D.S. Jordan; 2 males,
2 females (15424). Along shore
among rocks; 1885; H. Hemp-
hill; 6 males, 13 females (14445).
1884; Albatross; 1 female (16335).

South Florida: S. Stearns; 1
male (3464).

Tortugas: June 5-8, 1893; Biol-
ogical Expedition, State University
of Iowa; 2 young males (Mus.
S.U.I). Garden Key; on coral rock
and piling; December 25, 1912;
Fish Hawk; 1 male (60921), forma
serrata. Carnegie Institution; W.
L. Schmitt collector: June 6,
1925; Long Key; 1 male, 1 female
(59466). June 3, 1925; Rocks
about lighthouse pier, west side of
Loggerhead Key; 1 male (59464).
Fort Jefferson moat; July16, 1924;
1 female (62548). - Fort Jefferson
moat; washed from seaweed; July
27, 1924; 1 male (62549), forma
serrata. West side Bush Key reef,
near Long Key; 4 feet; from holes
in rocks; July 30; 1 male, 1 female
(62547).

45 See also table on this page.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA aol

Florida Keys; May, 1913; J. B. Henderson; 1 male (46041).

Off Cape Sable; lat. 25° 00’ 55’ N.; long. 81° 22’ 15’ W.; 4
fathoms; rky.; temperature 22° C.; December 19, 1902; station
7372, Fish Hawk; 1 female (60807).

Marco; 1-3 fathoms; H. Hemphill; 15 males, 19 females, numer-
ous young (15427).

Goodland Point; H. Hemphill; 4 young (15426), forma serrata.

Sarasota Bay; Union College collection; 2 young (42812, 42813).

Boca Ceiga Bay, inner shore of Pine Key; January, 1884; H.
Hemphill; 4 males, 3 females (15425).

BAHAMAS.—H. Bryant; 1 male (56842), from Boston Society of
Natural History. New Providence; 1886; Albatross; 1 male (16334).

CUBA.—Guadiana Bay (M.C.Z.).

Cabafias; S. Sh. Grs. M.; June 8-9, 1914; station 16; Henderson
and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition; 1 male, 1 female (48567).

Varadero Playa, Bay of Cardenas; under stones near shore; April,
1927; Melbourne Ward; t male; returned.

JAMAICA.—1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (7678). T. H.
Morgan; 1 male (59473).

Bogue Islands, Montego Bay; on mangrove roots with sponges,
ascidians, etc.; June 20, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 6 young (2 males, 4
females) (45931).

Coral reef, 8 miles east of Montego Bay; July 20, 1910; C. B.
Wilson; 1 female (42934), toward forma serrata.

Kingston Harbor: May—July, 1896; F. S. Conant; 1 male, 2 females
(19590). May 31, 1927; C. R. Orcutt; 1 cheliped (62546).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.—Boca del Infierno, Samana Bay;
February, 1928; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.; 1 male, 3 females (61888),
leaning toward forma serrata.

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: Hucares; February 14; 2
females (1 with Sacculina) (24330).

LEEWARD ISLANDS.—St John (Copenhagen Mus.).

St. Croix: Christiansted Lagoon (Copenhagen Mus.).

St. Martin; very shallow water; stony bottom; August, 1905;
J. Boeke; 1 ovigerous female (Leiden Mus.).

Guadeloupe: Cotypes (Geneva Mus.). Specimens (Berlin Mus.).

CARIBBEAN SEA.—Old Providence (east of Nicaragua); April
4-9, 1884; Albatross; 1 male (9135).

NORTH COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA.—Fox Bay, Colon,
Panama; 1912; Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey;
3 males, 1 female (Field Mus.); 3 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous)
(59324).

Sabanilla, Colombia; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross, 3 males
(15656).

Curacao: February 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 10 males, 13 females
(7588). Schottegat (lagoon): among pieces of coral (Madrepora);

352 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

April 15, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male (returned to sender). 1 fathom;
among algae; July 9, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 young female (returned to
sender). Bay of Caracas; 3 fathoms; October 21, 1905; J. Boeke; 1
male (42951). Spanish Water; April-May, 1920; C. J. van der Horst;
1 male, 1 young (56890), toward serrata. |

Bonaire; lac (lagoon); shallow water ( fathom); in mangroves;
J. Boeke; 1 male, 1 female (returned to sender).

Trinidad; 1884; Albatross: Shore; January 20—February 2; 3 males,
1 female (15657), forma serrata. Monos Island; January 30—February
2; 1 young (59492), forma serrata.

Cayenne, French Guiana (Brit. Mus.).

BRAZIL.—Rio Parahyba do Norte, Cabedello, on mangroves;
1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 2 males (Stanford
Univ.).

Ilha Governador, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; outside mouth of river;
under rocks, sponges, and bunches of bryozoa; September 1, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 3 males, 3 ovigerous females (59463).

State of Santa Catharina; 1919; H. Luederwaldt; 2 immature
females (Mus. Paulista), forma serrata.

BERMUDAS.—W. N. Rankin collector; 1 male (25824), with
abdomen not constricted between fifth and sixth segments.

PANOPEUS CONVEXUS A. Milne Edwards
Plate 158, Figure 2

Panopeus convecus A. MiItNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 316, pl. 58,
fig. 5, 5a (Pilumnus convexus on explanation of plate, by error) (type-locality,
Chile; type in Paris Mus.).

Eupanopeus convecus RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 273.

Diagnosis.—Carapace high in middle, relatively smooth. Front.
narrow. First lateral sinus shallow, third tooth blunt. A secondary
blunt tooth or prominence on carpus below inner tooth.

Description. —Carapace remarkable swollen in both directions, from
the center down to the level of the lateral teeth, but more swollen
longitudinally. Regions fairly well marked. Surface almost smooth
to the naked eye, but fine granules are to be seen with the lens; the
only noticeable line of granules is opposite the last lateral sinus where
on the epibranchial region a transverse line runs inward and slightly
forward. Front narrow, deflexed, most advanced near the middle;
outer end not dentiform, bluntly rounded, its anterior margin trans-
verse. First antero-lateral tooth small, blunt; second lobiform; inter-
vening sinus shallow, rounded. Third, fourth, and fifth teeth with
arcuate outer margin; third a little narrower at base than fourth,
suboblong, with straight anterior margin, tip very blunt; fourth and
fifth with coneave anterior margins and acute tips; fifth directed
obliquely forward.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 353

A large subdistal tooth on merus of cheliped. Tooth on carpus
subcylindrical, very blunt; below it a small, somewhat dentiform
prominence. Upper surface of manus rounded; color of immovable
finger not continued on palm.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 24.6, width of
same 35.9, fronto-orbital width 19 mm.

Range.—Chile.

Material examined.—Chile; 1 male holotype (Paris Mus.).

Remarks.—Very close to P. occidentalis.

PANOPEUS RUGOSUS A. Milne Edwards
Plates 162 and 163

Panopeus rugosus A. Mitnre Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 314, pl. 57,
fig. 4 (type-locality, Bahia; type in Paris Mus.) —Brnepicr and RatTusBun,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 14, 1891, p. 383.

Diagnosis.—Coarsely and densely granulate and hairy. Median
Vv of front large. Second lateral tooth much larger than first; last
three teeth sharp-pointed. Wrist very rough with irregular tubercles.
Palm with a groove above and three longitudinal raised lines on
outer surface. Fingers deeply grooved. Propodus and dactylus of
legs long and narrow. Sixth abdominal segment in male broader
than long.

Description.—Carapace very broad and more distinctly granulated
than other species, the anterior‘and !ateral regions being covered with
coarse granules plainly visible to the naked eye; their margins are
bordered with a band of granules, the ridge on the third, fourth, and
fifth lateral teeth is coarsely granulate. An obliquely transverse
epibranchial ridge composed of a single line of granules, a similar
transverse protogastric ridge, a transverse ridge either side at widest
part of mesogastric region and numerous shorter granulate lines,
especially on the hepatic, gastric, and frontal regions, whie on the
branchial region where the level portion bends downward toward the
lateral margin there is a series of short granulate lines behind one
another; in old specimens, 50 or 60 mm. wide, the two hinder of
these rows become thick and high, forming elongate tubercles. In the
smooth spaces the carapace is punctate. The entire animal is more
hairy than other species; the surface is covered with a short pile
(easily rubbed off) formed of short vesicular hairs in the ‘punctae
with some longer hairs interspersed. Front narrow, divided by a large
V instead of the shallow emargination and closed fissure of allied
species; each half is bilobed, the lobes subequal, the inner lobe more
advanced than the outer. Inner margin of orbit elevated, its tooth
prominent; space between superior orbital fissures arcuate; outer
tooth small, inconspicuous, its outer margin long and nearly straight.
Next or second antero-lateral tooth broad, flat, rounded at tip, outer

79856—30——24

354 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

margin arcuate. Last three teeth curved, tips usually all sharp
pointed; in the largest specimen the third tooth is rectangular, not
pointed. A narrow, subconical spine at lower inner angle of orbit,
more advanced than upper nner angle but less advanced than front.
Adjoining tooth arcuate, more advanced than corresponding lobe
above. Outer hiatus V-shaped, of good size. Subhepatic tooth large,
elongate, paralleling the antero-lateral border. The outer maxillipeds,
as well as the lower surface of carapace and the sternum, are coarsely
granulate; the lengthwise groove on the ischium is unusually wide.

Chelipeds densely granulate. The massive merus has a sharp sub-
distal spine. The carpus is very rough, having beside the granulation,
numerous lumps of various shapes scattered over its surface; inner
spine sharp, conical, sometimes curved. Chelae in old females (we
have at hand no old males) moderately unequal. Palm increasing
slightly in height toward the fingers, upper and lower margins a little
convex. A gutter runs along the upper surface and is accented by
rough granulated tubercles along its edges. Among the closely
crowded granules of the outer surface, three raised lines run length-
wise through the middle portion from the proximal toward the distal
end. The surface in half grown specimens is especially fuzzy, becom-
ing less so in the old. Fingers very deeply grooved, light brown in
preserved specimens, color not continued on palm; prehensile teeth
moderate. Ambulatory legs long and narrow, especially the last two
articles.

Abdomen smooth or nearly so. In the male the sixth segment is
broader than long, sides parallel, terminal segment subtriangular.

Measurements —Female (17715), total length of carapace 39.3,
width of same 57, fronto-orbital width 23.3, width of front 12 mm.

Variation.—In the very young (7-10 mm. wide) from Florida and
Cuba which I refer to this species, although with some reserve, the
following characters differ from those of the adult: The median
sinus of the front is minute, the first two lateral teeth are similar,
subequal, small and triangular, the epigastric crests are longer and
more prominent, and the whole surface less hairy. The smallest
adult (Santa Catharina) is 19 mm. wide.

Range.—From Gulf of Mexico to the State of Santa Catharina,
Brazil. ,

Material examined. —

FLORIDA.—North Key section; December 9, 1901; Fish Hawk:
Lat. 28° 55’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 02’ 00’’ W.; 4 fathoms; rky.; tempera-
ture 15.3° C.; station 7208; 1 female (59953). Lat. 28° 52’ 45’’ N.;
long. 83° 07’ 00’ W.; 5% fathoms; rky.; temp. 16° C.; station 7209;
1 male (59954).

Off Charlotte Harbor; Jat. 26° 33’ N.; long. 83° 10’ W.; 28 fathoms;
sdy.; April 2, 1901; station 7123, Fish Hawk; 1 very young female
(25612).

<a

:

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA a55

Off Cape Sable; 1902; Fish Hawk: Lat. 25° 10’ 10’’ N. ; long.
81° 28’ 30’ W.; 4.75 fathoms; gy. S. Sh.; temperature 23.5° C.;
December 17; station 7354; 3 young (59948). Lat. 25° 09’ 52’’ N.;
long. 81° 21’ 53’’ W.; 3.75 fathoms; gy. S. Sh.; temperature 23.5° C.;
December 17; station 7352; 2 immature females (59949). Lat. 25°
09’ 45’’ N.; long. 81° 18’ 35’’ W.; 3.25 fathoms; rky. Co.; temperature
23.5° C.; December 17; station 7351; 1 male (59950). Lat. 25°
00’ 40’’ N.; long. 81° 15’ 37’’ W.; 2.5 fathoms; rky.; temperature
22.5° C.; December 19; station 7370; 1 male (59951).

No Name Key; banks, low tide; H. Hemphill; 1 very young male
(15664).

Off Northwest Channel; lat. 24° 42’ 30’’ N.; long. 81° 55’ 22’” W.;
7.25 fathoms; Co.; temperature 20° C.; February 24, 1902; station
7293, Fish Hawk; 5 young (59952).

Tortugas: 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 very young female (15663).
Haul No. 206, from boat dredge; June 10, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; pro-
podus of cheliped of 2 specimens (60809).

WEST INDIES.—Cabajfias, Cuba; 8S. Sh. G. M.; June 8-9, 1914;
Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition, station 16; 1
young female (48548).

Jeremie, Haiti; 1 female (18506), received from Museum of Com-
parative Zoédlogy; 4 specimens (M.C.Z.).

Virgin Islands; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker collector; received from
Carnegie Institution: From piles; 1 young (59956). Gregerie Bay,
St. Thomas; % to 2% fathoms; Co. R. S. seaweed; July 7; station 7;
1 male, 1 young (59955).

Ensenada Honda, Culebra; February 11, 1899; ish Hawk; 1
young male (24326).

CENTRAL AMERICA.—Patuca, Honduras; July 16, 1891;
Harry W. Perry; 1 female (17715). Greytown, Nicaragua; April 8,
1892; Charles W. Richmond; 1 male (17304).

CURACAO.—1920; C. J. van der Horst: Spanish water; reef;
May 4; 1 young female (56892). Caracas Bay; in coral; May 13; 1
female, 1 young (56891).

BRAZIL.—Cannavieiras, State of Bahia; Thayer Expedition; 1
specimen (M.C.Z.). Iguape, State of Séo Paulo; 1902; R. Krone; 1
male (Mus. Paulista). State of Santa Catharina; 1919; H. Lueder-
waldt; 2 females (Mus. Paulista).

PANOPEUS HARTTI Smith
Plate 164, Figures 1, 2, and5

Panopeus harttii SMiru, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 280 (type-
locality, Abrolhos Reefs, Brazil; cotype in Museum of Comparative Zoélogy;
cotype, Cat. No. 833, P.M.Y.U., not located 1929). Trans. Connecticut
Acad. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 5 and 34, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 5.

356 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Eupanopeus harttii Ratupun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 273.

Hexapanopeus hirsutus Boon, Bull. Bingham Ocean. Coll., vol. 1, art. 2, 1927,.
Dee Fide) D2 a: Cs

Diagnosis.—Carapace deeply areolated, granulation prominent.
Front deflexed, hairy; outer lobes well developed. Antero-lateral
teeth very thick, sinuses wide. Carpus uncommonly rough, with
reticulating ridges.

Description.—Carapace more deeply areolated than in any other
species of Panopeus; the cervical suture is especially deep and next,
the division of the branchial region into anterior, middle and posterior
subdivisions and the division of the gastric region into three. Bead
granules of different sizes form a pattern on the anterior two-thirds
but diminish in size and prominence posteriorly. Front bent down,
hairy, edge thin, four-lobed, median notch open, narrow, middle lobes.
separately arched, outer teeth bluntly dentiform. Inner orbital teeth
triangular, directed forward or slightly outward; middle lobe between
fissures arched slightly forward. First and second lateral teeth small,
tuberculiform, subequal, separated by a triangular sinus; third, fourth
and fifth teeth diminishing in the order named, vertically thick,
widely separated, tips tuberculiform. Under side of carapace covered
with coarse granules, subhepatic tubercle subconical, acute.

Dorsal aspect of chelipeds roughly granulate; carpus rugate, the
rugae tending to form a more or less reticulated pattern, distal groove
very deep, inner tooth short, stout, blunt; manus with well marked
superior furrow, outside which the granules form in short, parallel,
vertical rugae on the upper, but not on the true outer surface, this
last being smooth to the naked eye, but granulate toward proximal
end; fingers long and narrow, normally with a large basal prehensile
tooth on the major dactyl, though in two large males it is undeveloped
and the palm and fingers resemble in shape those of the minor chela;
immovable finger bent down, its color not, continued on palm. Legs
long and slender. Sixth segment of male abdomen shorter than
broad, especially at middle.

Color.—Alcoholic specimens are light olive brown above and on
the chelipeds; fingers black, lighter at tips (Smith).

Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 15, width of same
22.5 mm. (Smith). Male (16259), length of carapace 10.7, width of
same 15.7, fronto-orbital width 10.2, width of front 4.4 mm.

Relation.—In shape of carapace, P. harttii resembles P. herbstw
forma simpsoni and P. occidentalis forma serrata; it differs from both
in a more areolated carapace, which suggests a Leptodius, bent down
front, more distinct outer lobe of front, narrower fourth and fifth
lateral teeth, rougher carpus of cheliped; it differs from P. herbstw
forma simpsoni in the color of immovable finger not continued on
palm, the absence of coarse tubular hairs and groove on the carpus.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 357%

Range.—From Florida Keys to State of Sio Paulo, Brazil.

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.—Cape Florida; Edward Palmer; 2 females (14432).

Indian Key; H. Hemphill; 2 males (15647).

Key West; on rocks, low tide; H. Hemphill; 2 females (14454).

Loggerhead Key, Tortugas, northwest of lighthouse; August 4,
1924; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (59454).

CUBA.—Isle of Pines; 2 females, types, Hexapanopeus hirsutus.

PORTO RICO.—1899; Str. Fish Hawk: Boqueron; January 25;
1 male, 1 female, 2 young (24277). Mayaguez; January 20; 3 males,
1 female (24275). Mayaguez Harbor; January 20; 1 male, 5 young”
(24276).

LESSER ANTILLES.—St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1
ovigerous female (18263). -

Antigua: Pillars of Hercules; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition;
1 female (58035), from State University of lowa.

Barbados: Pelican Island; shallow water; 1918; Barbados-Antigua
Expedition; 1 male (Mus. 8.U.I.).

BRAZIL.—Pernambuco; 1876-77; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explora-
tions: 2 males, 4 females (1 ovigerous) (16259, 16260, 59471). Rio
Formoso; 1 ovigerous female (16261).

Maceio, Alagoas; on coral reef; 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-
Agassiz Expedition; 1 male (25737).

Plataforma, Bahia; 1876-77; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; 1
male (16262).

Abrolhos Reefs; 1867; C. F. Hartt; 1 female, cotype (4806, M.C.Z.).

Villa’ Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastido, Sio Paulo: September 20, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 14 males, 4 females (1 ovigerous), 3 young (59455).
October, 1925; H. Luederwaldt; 4 males (1 soft shell) (60918).

PANOPEUS AMERICANUS Saussure
Plate 164, Figures 3, 4, and 6

Panopeus americanus Saussur#, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1857, p. 502
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Geneva Museum); Mém. Soc. Phys.
Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p. 432 [16], pt. 1, fig. 8.

Panopeus areolatus BENEDIcT and Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
1891, p. 361, pl. 21, fig. 3 (type-locality, Sabanilla, Colombia; type, Cat.
No. 15646, U.S.N.M.).

ELupanopeus americanus RaTuBwun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 273.

Diagnosis.—Carapace flattish, narrow. Surface covered with short
transverse striae. Fourth lateral tooth longer than third, its outer
edge longitudinal. Dark color of immovable finger running back on
palm.

Description —Carapace narrower than in most of the other Panopeus
and squarish, the antero-lateral margin being long and the outer
margin of the fourth tooth longitudinal or nearly so. Surface slightly

8

358 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

convex except near the sides where it is flat. The groove outlining
the gastric region is the most distinct. Surface crossed by more
numerous short, transverse, granulated striae than in other species,
although on the posterior middle portion the striae are short and
sparse. Median emargination of front shallow, continued backward
by a closed fissure; outer tooth well marked, projecting forward but
bent obliquely downward and sideways. Inner angle of orbit a little
less than a right angle; lobe between fissures truncate. Lateral teeth
shallow, little projecting; second tooth larger than first, lobiform and
separated from it by a U-shaped sinus; third tooth slightly longer
than second, three-fourths to five-sixths as long as fourth tooth and
rightangled or nearly so, outer margin slightly arched; fourth tooth
slightly pointed, outer margin nearly straight and longitudinal; fifth
tooth short, acute, directed outward.

iheuneds very unequal ; the carpus has a very shallow distal
groove and a short inner tooth; manus high in both chelae, finely
rugose in upper part. Major dactyl strongly arched, a large tooth
at base. Fingers of minor chela slender. Color of both immovable
fingers running back on palm. Abdomen of male constricted between
fifth and sixth segments, terminal segment subtriangular.

Color.—Yellowish or reddish (Saussure). In freshly preserved
specimens from Brazil the upper surface of the chelipeds is purplish,
the color thinning out below on the palm. in a reticulated pattern;
farther down on the outer surface are a number of small spots or
dabs of irregular shape, not round as in P. herbstiv.

Measurements.—Male (59447), length of carapace 24.2, width of
same 32.7, fronto-orbital width 18.5, width of front 9 mm.

Range.—West Florida; Bahamas; West Indies to Florianopolis,
Brazil.

Material exramined.—

FLORIDA.—Sarasota Bay, Union College collection; 1 young
male (42814).

Key West, off North Fort Murtane; Fully 14, 1924; W. L. Schmitt;
1 male (60915); gift of Carnegie Tnchtvnon!

BAHAMAS.—New Providence; 1886; Albatross; 1 male (16340).

CUBA.—Cabafias; 2-12 fathoms; 8. Sh. Grs. to M.; June 8-9,
1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Wapatlician station
16; 1 male (48545), 1 young female (48544). a

ivtigniel 1900; William Palmer and J. H. Riley: Under stones, bes
tween tides; May 10; 6 specimens (23828). June 10; 1 female (23827).

Oaraiuhiatss 1923; We: Francisco R. Sosa; 2 males (58392).

JAMAICA.—March 1-11, 1884; Albatross; 11 males, 4 females
(7783). T. H. Morgan; 2 males, 1 female (17215). Kingston Harbor;
May-July, 1896; F. S. Conant; 1 male (19593). Kingston; C. R.
Orcutt; 1 young male (62536).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 359

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.—Samana; February 22, 1928; Gerrit
S. Miller, jr., 10 males; 1 female, 3 young (61889).

PORTO RICO.—Arroyo; February 4, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 male
(24320).

ST. THOMAS.—1915; C. R. Shoemaker: Shore of harbor near
town; July 10; 8 males (1 soft shell), 8 females (3 ovigerous) (59935).
Lagoon; July 9; 1 male, 1 female (59936).

GUADELOUPE. ean (Geneva Mus.). 1malecotype (20676),
from Museum of Natural History, Geneva.

TRINIDAD .—1884; Albatross; 1 male (59470).

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 1 male,
1 female (15646), types of P. areolatus.

BRAZIL.—Hartt Explorations; 3 males, 2 females (31499), re-
ceived from Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.

Rio Parahyba do Norte; on mangroves; June 21, 1899; A. W.
Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 female (25735).

Bahia; 1876-77; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations: Plataforma; 3
males (16257). Bom Fim; 1 male, 1 young (16258).

Bay of Rio de Janeiro: Dredged, shallow water; 1876-77; R.
Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; 1 ovigerous female (59493). 1925;
W. L. Schmitt: 8 males (59452). Paqueta; station 1; August 19; 39
males, 67 females (46 ovigerous) (59447). River on Ilha Governador;
August 27; 3 males, 2 females (59453). Ilha Governador, outside
mouth of river; under rocks, sponges and bunches of bryozoans; sta-
tion 12; September 1; 14 males, 20 females (3 ovigerous) (59446).
Sido ranibiseee spies beach and adjacent rock; station 5; August
25; 1 male, 1 reunite (59449).

Across the bay from Rio de Janeiro; C. Moreira; 1 male (31500),
received from Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.

Ilha Sao Sebastiéo, SdAo Paulo: 1896; Bisego collector; 2 males
(47864), received from H. von Ihering. 1898; H. Luederwaldt; 3
males (47869), received from H. von Ihering. Villa Bella; station
16; September 29, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 14 males, 14 females (4
ovigerous) (59444).

Paranagua; sandy mud flats, under scattered rocks; station 24;
October 3, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 15 males, 9 females (6 ovigerous)
(59445).

State of Santa Catharina: 1919; H. Luederwaldt; 9 males, 7 fe-
males (Mus. Paulista). Ilha Sa0 Francisco; 1925; W. L. Schmitt:
Along flat in front of sea wall by Mercado; October 5; 1 male (59450).
Station 27; October 7; 6 males, 1 female (59451). Stations 45-48;
October 28-30 and November 1; 28 males, 30 females (17 ovigerous)
(59448). Florianopolis; Praia de Fora (rocks); station 49; Novem-
ber 5; 14 males, 9 females (4 ovigerous) (59443).

360 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PANOPEUS BERMUDENSIS Benedict and Rathbun
Plate 165

Panopeus herbstit var. serratus Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886,
p. 129; Bermuda.

Panopeus wurdemanniit Benepict and Ratusoun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
1891, p. 372, pl. 24, figs. 6 and 7 (type-locality, Marco, Florida; type, Cat.
No. 15667, U.S.N.M.); not P. wurdemannii Gibbes.

Panopeus bermudensis BENEDICT and RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
1891, p. 376, pl. 20, fig. 2; pl. 24, figs. 14 and 15 (type-locality, Bermudas;
type, Cat. No. 42804, U.S.N.M.).

Eupanopeus bermudensis RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,
vol. 4, 1898, p. 273.

Eupanopeus bermudensis var. sculptus VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci.,
vol. 18, 1908, p. 357 (type-locality, Bermuda; type not located).

Diagnosis—Size small. Prominent raised lines of granules on
dorsum. Edge of front thick, grooved. Lateral teeth prominent,
third and fourth curved forward. Color of immovable finger con-
tinued a little way on palm. Lateral extremities of third abdominal
segment of male rounded.

Description—A small species. Carapace distinctly areolated, the
regions separately convex and ornamented with raised lines of gran-
ules. The principal ones are: A transversely oblique hepatic ridge
which forms with a transverse protogastric ridge a regular though
broken arch across the carapace; a second protogastric ridge behind

the first, and subparallel to it, but the

hinder one is slightly oblique, so that they

are farther apart at outer than inner end;

a short epigastric ridge; either side of

a metagastric region at its greatest width

a ridge almost transverse but slanting a

6 jittle backward from median line; a little

FIGURE 56.—PANOPEUS BERMUDENSIS, -; : :
MALE; ENUARGED/c. Major caura. 12 advance of this, ,a:, transverse, epi-
b. ABDOMEN. AFTER BrNepict anp branchial ridge; a short mesobranchial
i ridge, and a similar metabranchial ridge in

front of the end of the posterior margin of the carapace. Front with
a median V sinus, each lobes inuous and forming a rectangular outer
corner; edge thick, oblique and guttered. Inner margin of orbit
high; superior sinuses V-shaped, enclosing a lobe; outer emargination
deep, inner angle a conical, acute tooth. First lateral tooth (the
orbital) small, rectangular; second larger, lobiform; next three
teeth projecting prominently outward, tips curved forward, well
separated, third and fourth with arcuate outer, and slightly concave
anterior margin, the third the larger; fifth narrow, directed nearly
outward; fourth and fifth prominently ridged.

Chelipeds of male very unequal; carpus rugose or tuberculate with
a deep distal groove; manus gently rugose above, with a shallow
groove along the margin; in small specimens the roughness or granu-

|
|

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 361

lation may cover the outer surface; major palm as high as its superior
length; minor palm half as high as major; fingers light colored or
brown, the color of immovable finger continued a little on palm. A
large tooth at base of major dactyl; immovable finger horizontal.
Immovable finger of minor dactyl deflexed, both fingers slender.

Third segment of male abdomen narrow, its lateral extremities
rounded, not angled. Abdomen constricted between fifth and sixth
segments, the sixth broader than long; terminal segment subtriangu-
lar, tip rounded.

Color.—Fore part of carapace a sort of cinnamon rufous with a
few darker bay markings, hinder part shading into ecru drab; legs
a raw umber; chelae much lighter, more a pearl gray; fingers with a
fawn spot at base, tips white, under parts more or less porcelain
white (Schmitt).

Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 10.3, width of same
14.4, fronto-orbital width 9.3, width of front 4.6 mm. American
specimens run smaller; a male from Brazil (59482) measures length
of carapace 6.9, width of same 9.6, fronto-orbital width 6.5, width of
front 3.2 mm.

Variation. The carapace in young and middle-sized ‘specimens
and females is rather oval in shape, but in old males is more hexagonal
as the front becomes more produced and the dorsum somewhat more
depressed; on the whole, approaching a Hexapanopeus form. As a
rule American specimens have shallower lateral sinuses than the
Bermuda types. We have too few specimens from Bermuda to
determine how constant that character is for the locality.

Range.—From west coast of Florida and Bahamas to State of
Santa Catharina, Brazil. Bermuda. West coast of America from
Mexico to Peru.

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.—Goodland Point; H. Hemphill; 18 specimens (15665).

Tampa Bay; 6¥%-6% fathoms; stations 7109, 7121, Fish Hawk;
2 young (59841).

Sarasota Bay; Union College Collection; 18 specimens (42810,
59488, 59489, 59490). February, 1884; H. Hemphill; 1 ovigerous
female (15666).

Charlotte Harbor; Union College Collection; 2 specimens (42809,
59840).

Marco; H. Hemphill; 20+specimens (15636, 15667).

Garden Key, Tortugas; 1 male (3217).

BAHAMAS.—Nassau; December 25, 1898; Fish Hawk; 1 male
(24328).

CUBA.—1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedi-
tion: Ensenada de Santa Rosa, Station 7, May 19, 1 male (48546);
Los Arroyas, station 8, May 20, 1 ovigerous female (48547).

362 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

JAMAICA.—Albatross; 9 specimens (19786). T. H. Morgan;
1 male (17216). P. W. Jarvis; 1 female (22289). Bogue Islands,
Montego Bay; 1910, C. B. Wilson: June 15, 2 males (42940); June 20,
on mangrove roots with sponges, ascidians, etc., 2 males, 2 females
(42941); July 10, from sponge on mangrove roots, 2 females (1 oviger-
ous) (42939). July 6, 1910; EK. A. Andrews; 1 male (43056). King-
ston Harbor; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 7 specimens (19785).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: 1 female (24327). Mayaguez;
January 20; 3 males, 4 females (24321). Boqueron; January 25;
1 male (24322). Boqueron Bay; January 27; 4 males, 4 females
(1 ovigerous) (24323). Guanica Bay; January 29; 1 young (24324),
identification probably correct; Arroyo, on lighthouse reef; February
3; 1 male, 1 female (24325).

ST. THOMAS (Virgin Islands).—1884; Albatross; 11 specimens
(19788).

1915; C. R. Shoemaker; gift of Carnegie Institution: Gregerie Bay;
¥-2% fathoms; Co. R. S. seaweed; July 7; station 7; 2 males, 1 oviger-
ous female (6800). St. Thomas harbor; from bottom of a small
boat; July 10; 3 males, 3 females (2 ovigerous) (60799). Virgin
Islands; from piles; 1 male, 1 female (60801).

TRINIDAD.—Monos Island, January 30-February 2, 1884;
Albatross; 1 young (19789).

OLD PROVIDENCE, CARIBBEAN SEA.—Albatross; 1 young
(19790), identification probably correct.

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 2 females
(19787).

GUIANA.—Clevia, Surinam; water side; R. C. Gonggryp; 1
female, returned to sender.

BRAZIL.—Bom Fim, Bahia; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt
Explorations; 2 females (16265).

Bay of Rio de Janeiro: Paqueta; 3-4 fathoms; 1876-1877; R.
Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; 1 male (16266). Across from Rio;
from sponges; C. Moreira; 4 males, 6 females (31501), from Museo
Nacional Rio de Janeiro.

Bay of Rio de Janeiro; 1925; W. L. Schmitt: 1 male, 2 females
(59476). River on Ilha Governador; August 27; 52 specimens
(59480). Ilha Governador, outside mouth of river; under rocks,
sponges and bunches of bryozoans; September 1; 100 specimens
(59479). Paqueta; August 29; 1 male (59483). Conto de Rio,
Nictheroy; tide pool, on sides and in water; August 22; 4 males,
1 female (59477).

Villa Bella, Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, State of Sdo Paulo; 1925: Weeds
from rock in front of hotel; September 24; W. L. Schmitt; 2 males,
2 young (61121). September 19; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (61145).
September 21; W. L. Schmitt; 3 young (59485). October; H.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 363

Luederwaldt collector; 7 females (4 ovigerous) (59487). H. Lueder-
waldt collector; 1 ovigerous female (59486).

Between Canals 4 and 5, Estuario, Santos; September 13, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 ovigerous female (59478).

Paranagua; October 3, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (59484).

Ilha Sao Francisco, Sta. Catharina; 1925; W. L. Schmitt: October 7;
1 male (59481). October 28 and 29, November 1; 19 males, 14
females (11 ovigerous), 1 young (59482).

BERMUDA.—1876-1877; G. Brown Goode; 15 specimens in-
cluding holotype (42804). H. M. S. Challenger; 1 female (Brit.
Mus.), serratus of Miers.

WEST COAST OF MEXICO.—Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali-
fornia; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (54735).

Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; John Xantus; a specimen, not
now extant, was described by Stimpson in manuscript only, and is
referred here.

Teacapin, Sinaloa; oyster beds; Secretaria de Agricultura y
Fomento; 1 male (60228).

Nayarit; 1922; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (57059).

Santa Isabel Island, Tepic Territory; among corals; Secretaria de
Agricultura y Fomento; 1 male, soft shell (60232).

COSTA RICA.—Punta Arenas; 1907; P. Biolley collector; received
from J. Fid. Tristan: January; 1 male (60879). February; 1 male
(60878).

PANAMA.—Chame Point; February 13, 1912; Meek and Hilde-
brand; 1 male, 1 female (59318).

Balboa, Canal Zone; from dry dock; December 1, 1923; James
Zetek; 1 young female (58059).

Panama; 1924; EK. Deichmann: Pacific shore; low tide, rocks;
May-July; 1 male (60796). Taboga Island; on coral; June; 1 male
(60797).

ECUADOR.—South side Pt. Santa Elena; September 17, 1926;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 1 young (60798).

Salinas; W. L. Schmitt; 1928: September 12-14; 5 males, 2 females,
9 young (60793). September 13; 2 males (60917).

PERU.—Paita; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: October 6; 1 male, 1 female
(60794). October 7; 2 ovigerous females, 2 young (60795). October
8; 10 males, 12 females (4 ovigerous) (60916). From rock pools;
October 13; 21 males, 11 females (8 ovigerous) (60792).

Oyster beds of Matapalo (near Capon); January 23, 1908; R. E.
Coker; 1 male (40419), 2 females, from masses of sponge (40420);
received from Peruvian Government.

364 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PANOPEUS TURGIDUS, new species

Plate 166

Type-locality—Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana; L. R. Cary col-
lector; male holotype, Cat. No. 33106, U.S.N.M.

Diagnosis.—Carapace suboval. Front thick, not grooved. Proto-
gastric striae oblique. Male abdomen broad, third segment drawn
to a point at each side, sixth segment much broader than long.

Description.—Carapace suboval, swollen in the middle, subdivisions
of gastric region almost obliterated; surface little roughened with
the exception of the granulate lateral and anterior regions and a
few raised granulate lines as follows: One epibranchial, nearly
transverse and slightly in advance of a transverse metagastric line
which is interrupted in the middle; a pair of protogastric lines on
each side, parallel and distinctly oblique, inclined backward and out-
ward; a fainter hepatic line, either sinuous or broken. Epigastric
lobes swollen. Front little advanced, edge thick but not guttered,
very slightly convex, median emargination minute, not continued
by a closed fissure, outer ends not forming teeth or lobes. Anterior
margin of preorbital lobe transverse. Supra-orbital emarginations
faint, followed by closed fissures, of which the inner is much longer
than the outer, edge between them slightly arched. Suborbital
emargination of good size, followed by a transverse margin and a
short, broad, blunt, inner tooth; subhepatic tubercle low and obso-
lescent. First antero-lateral (or orbital) tooth small, separated by a
shallow sinus from the low, broad, second tooth. Three remaining
teeth acutely pointed, third and fourth with convex outer margins
curving forward, last tooth short-triangular. .

Chelipeds very unequal (the minor one may be subnormal), very
rough in their dorsal aspect. Merus with a prominent, sharp,
subdistal tooth. Carpus with reticulated granulation, a deep distal
groove and a sharp inner tooth. Hands suboblong, with a superior
groove. Fingers of major chela, as well as of minor, long and narrow,
their teeth reduced in size. Color of immovable finger continued a
little on palm and limited by a line extending from the basal end of
the prehensile edge obliquely downward to lower margin.

Third segment of male abdomen tapering to a point at either end,
sixth segment much broader than long.

Female.—A female from Vera Cruz is larger but its characters are
less pronounced than in the male, the lines on the carapace less
prominent, the color of the immovable fingers not extended to the
palm.

Measurements —Male holotype, length of carapace 14, width of
same 19.3, fronto-orbital width 11.6, width of front 6.4mm. Female,
Vera Cruz, length of carapace 17.3, width of same 24.4 mm.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 365

Relation —Small specimens might be confused with P. bermudensis
but differ in the characters given in the diagnosis above. The chelae
approach those of P. rugosus but are less rough and hairy.

Range.—Gulf of Mexico: Alabama, Louisiana, and Vera Cruz.

Material exramined.—

ALABAMA.—Bayou la Batre; in stomach of Clangula clangula
americana; January 5, 1916; W. L. Bryant, U.S. Biological Survey;
1 right major chela, 7 mm. long (135077 A, Biol. Surv. collection).

LOUISIANA.—Chandeleur Islands; L. R. Cary; 1 male holotype
(33106).

MEXICO.—Vera Cruz; Dr. T. B. Wilson; 1 female (2526, Phila.
Acad.); labeled ‘‘ Panopeus mexicanus Guérin,’”’ a manuscript name.

PANOPEUS BOEKEI Rathbun
Plate 167

Panopeus boekei Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 28, 1915, p. 118
(type-locality, Tumble-Down-Dick Bay, St. Eustatius; type in Leiden Mus.) ;
in Boeke, Rapport Visscherij Kolonie Curagao, pt. 2, 1920, p. 336 [20], text-
figs. 4 and 5; Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Amsterdam, vol. 23, 1924, p. 15.

Diagnosis.—Four strong lateral teeth, the first two of typical

Panopeus being indistinguishably united. Front strongly deflexed.

Subhepatic tubercle undeveloped. Color of immovable finger not

continued on hand. Dactyl of legs very slender.

Description.—Carapace deeply areolated in anterior two-thirds,
areoles crossed by finely granulated rugae of which the principal are
transverse and simple on the epibranchial, protogastric, and epigastric
regions; the hepatic elevation is formed by several oblique rugae, and
forms a continuous arch with the protogastric ridge; surface covered
with scattered hairs of uneven length. Carapace convex in a longitu-
dinal as well as in a transverse direction, save for the four antero-
lateral teeth which are thickened and upturned; teeth well separated;
first tooth short and broad, outer margin convex or a little angled;
this tooth corresponds to the usual coalesced (first plus second)
tooth in Panopeus; three remaining teeth equally prominent and more
so than the first; second tooth as wide at base or nearly as wide as the
first, posterior margin convex, anterior straight or slightly concave,
tip blunt; third tooth similar in shape, but longer, narrower and
thicker; fourth tooth narrow, triangular, anterior margin nearly
transverse, tip acute, situated at widest part of carapace. Front bent
obliquely down from a transverse granulate line fringed with long
hair; edge of front divided by a V-shaped emargination into two well
rounded lobes, with a small independent lobule at outer end. Pre-
orbital angle prominent, blunt, a broad, nearly transverse, slightly
convex lobe between the two V fissures of the upper margin; a larger

V fissure below the outer angle; lower margin gradually advancing

up to base of inner tooth which is low and blunt.

366 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Major cheliped much more massive than minor. Merus short and
high, with an outer groove subparallel to distal margin, and behind
it a compressed tooth on upper margin. Carpus finely rugose, a
distal furrow and a stubby, blunt inner tooth. Manus granulate,
granules reticulating, coarser toward upper surface where there is a
a shallow groove. Fingers with rows of punctae, two grooves both
outside and inside of immovable finger, and a groove near upper
edge of outer surface of dactylus; prehensile edges irregularly toothed,
one of the larger teeth at base of dactyl of larger chela; fingers of this
chela gaping moderately; major immovable finger slightly deflexed,
minor one considerably so; fingers light brown, color not extended on
palm. Ambulatory legs hairy, slender and rather long, especially the
dactyls.

Third segment of male abdomen rather narrow, about as wide as
first segment and not drawn laterally to a point; sixth segment about
twice as wide as long, widening distally, sides sinuous, mostly con-
cave; seventh segment broadly triangular.

Measurements —Male type, length of carapace 8.6, width of same
13, fronto-orbital width 9.4, width of front 4.4 mm.

Range.—Lesser Antilles; Caribbean Sea.

Material examined.—Gregerie Bay, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands;
¥-9% fathoms; Co. R. S. seaweed; July 7, 1915; station 7, C. R.
Shoemaker; 1 male (60802), gift of Carnegie Institution.

St. Eustatius, Lesser Antilles: Tumble-Down-Dick Bay; 15 fath-
oms; stony; September 17, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male, holotype, 1 female
(Leiden Mus.).

Bonaire, off coast of Venezuela; lagoon; 4 fathom; in mangroves;
August 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male (46005).

Curacao, off coast of Venezuela: 1905; J. Boeke: Schottegat, in
lagoon, 1 fathom, among algae; July 9, 1 male (46006), 1 male returned
to sender; Rifwater, in lagoon, 1 fathom, July 26, 1 male (returned to:
sender). 1920; C.J. van der Horst: Spanish Port, April 10, 1 female
(Amsterdam Mus.); Caracas Bay, May 1, 1 female (56888); April
26, 3 males (Amsterdam Mus.); in sand, May 13, 1 male (56887.)

Old Providence island, Colombia (east of Nicaragua; April 4-9,
1884; Albatross; 3 males (45965).

Genus NEOPANOPE A. Milne Edwards

Neopanope A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 329; type, N. pack-
ardit (Kingsley) =N. pourtalesii A. Milne Edwards.—Ratusun, Bull. Lab.
Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 273.

Carapace subhexagonal, rather narrow, high in middle, sloping
down in all directions. Regions delimited, almost smooth. Of the
five antero-lateral teeth the first and second are very closely fused,
separated only by a shallow sinus; second tooth arcuate or lobiform.
Front advanced, arcuate. Chelipeds very unequal at least in male,

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 367

fingers acute. Abdomen of male constricted between fifth and sixth
segments; terminal segment broader than long, subtriangular. Other-
wise as in Panopeus.
From Provincetown, Massachusetts, to Texas; Bahamas; Cuba.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEOPANOPE

A!, Dactylus of major chela without a large basal tooth.
B'. Fingers white or light horn-color. Antero-lateral teeth sharp and much

AITO GUI CE Cas ae are eat tes are ae eee Ri ae texrana texana, p. 367.

B2. Fingers black or dark-colored in males. Antero-lateral teeth blunter
and. less’ produced). sii: @¥ a. ep ed uit Se texana sayt, p. 369.

A?. Dactylus of major chela with a large basal tooth_-------- packardit, p. 380.

NEOPANOPE TEXANA TEXANA (Stimpson)
Plate 168, Figures 1 and 2

Panopeus teranus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1858 (1859),
p. 55 [9] (type-locality, St. Joseph’s Island, Texas; type not extant).—
BeneEpict and RaTHBunN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 363, pl. 22,
fig. 5; pl. 28, fig. 9.

Neopanope texanus Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,

"1898, p. 273.

Neopanope texrana RatusBun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 138.

Diagnosis.—Dactylus of larger hand without a large basal tooth.
Fingers white or light horn color. Color of immovable finger con-
tinued a short distance on palm. Tips of last three antero-lateral
teeth sharp.

Description.—Carapace very convex in both directions, high in
middle, widest at posterior tooth, minutely pubescent, especially in
female. Regions defined, gastric subregions faintly
indicated. Front slightly produced and rounded, a
small median notch. First tooth of lateral margin
small, triangular, coalesced with the low, arcuate
second tooth from which it is separated by a shallow
sinus; next two teeth sharp, tips pointing forward,
the fourth tooth ascending; last tooth short and sharp,
tip directed outward or slightly forward, and upward.

On the fourth and fifth teeth a short oblique ridge

extends from the tip inward. Chelipeds smooth, gla- 455 57—Nxro-
brous, very unequal and dissimilar. Carpus with a pPanore texana,
subdistal groove. Fingers white or light horn color *ore peut
in male, the movable finger usually darker than the rr Benepict anp
immovable; fingers darker in female than in male. ™*™*"%
Color of immovable fingers continued a little on palm, terminating in
a very distinct line, which begins at base of finger in gape and curves
backward to lower margin. No large tooth or tubercle at base of
dactyl or on anterior outer margin of palm. Legs long and slender.

Measurements —Male (15383), length of carapace 20.7, width of
same 27, fronto-orbital width 16.5, width of front 8.8 mm.

368 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Age variation.—In specimens 14 mm. across the back and smaller,
the wrist is much rougher than in the full grown, and has a distal
groove and a sharper, inner spine; there is a longitudinal groove on
the upper surface of the palm; in those below 5 mm. in width there is
no evidence of a sinus between the first and second lateral teeth.

Range.—From Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, southward by way of
Florida Keys and the Gulf coast to Texas.

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.—Mosquito Lagoon; December 1, 1908; J. A. Pine and
B. A. Bean, Yecht Orian; 1 female (89192).

Titusville, Indian River; January 14, 1896; U. S. Fish Comm.;
3 males, 2 females (20255); variety half way between typical terana
and texana sayi.

Cocoa, Indian River; January 17, 1896; U.S. Fish Comm.; 3 males
(20256); varying toward texana sayi.

East Peninsula opposite Micco; O. Bangs; 3 males, 2 females
(18741).

Indian River Inlet; January 23, 1896; U. S. Fish Comm.; 1 male,
1 female (20257); variety near texana sayi.

Mouth of Indian River; specimens in P.M.Y.U.

Off Cape Sable; lat. 25° 06’ 30’’ N.; long. 81° 12’ 25’’ W.; 11.5 feet;
rocky; temperature 22° C.; December 18, 1902; station 7356, Fish
Hawk; 1 male (60787).

Boca Grande; April 27, 1915; Fish Hawk (KE. Danglade); 1 male
(56344).

Marco; H. Hemphill; 1 female (15384).

Punta Rassa; 1 fathom; February, 1884; H. Hemphill; 2 males,
1 female (6653).

Near Punta Rassa; low tide, in grass; H. Hemphill; 10 males, 10
females, 18 young (14082).

Sanibel Island; February 20 and 22, 1928; O. C. Van Hyning;
3 males, 1 female (returned to Florida State Mus.).

Charlotte Harbor; low tide, in grass; H. Hemphill; 9 males, 14
females (14089).

Off Charlotte Harbor; 27.5 fathoms; April, 1901; station 7122, Fish
Hawk; 1 male, 1 female (25618).

Sarasota Bay: 1884; H. Hemphill; low tide to 2 fathoms; 6 males,
5 females, 10 young (6975). February; 7 males, 12 females (6426).

Palma Sola, mouth of Manatee River; H. Hemphill; 4 males, 2
females (15383).

Egmont Key; specimens in P.M.Y.U.

Tampa Bay: In seine; March 17, 1885; Albatross; 1 male, 3 females
(15385), 2 males (55546); 6.5 fathoms; M.; temperature 20.5° C.;
March 29, 1901; Fish Hawk; 1 male (25617).

Goodland Point; H. Hemphill; 3 females (1 young) (15631).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 369

Boca Ceiga Bay, inner shore of Pine Key; January, 1884; H. Hemp-
hill; 10 males, 20 females (15382), 1 young (21397).

Orange Bluff, Clearwater Harbor; 1-2 fathoms; May, 1884; H.
Hemphill; 2 males, 1 female (6968).

Cedar Keys: December, 1883; H. Hemphill; low tide, in grass;
4 young (6421), 47 males, 59 females, 20 young (6415). February,
1887; Lieut. J. F. Moser, U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Survey Str. Bache;
1 female (15386). Flats at low tide; March 27, 1926; Miller and
Aschemeier; 2 males, 1 ovigerous female (60914).

Pepperfish Key section; lat. 29° 32’ 10’’ N.; long. 83° 29’ 50’” W.;
3 fathoms; sdy.; temperature, 21.8° C.; November 5, 1901; station
7144, Fish Hawk; 1 young (599382).

Deadman’s Bay section; lat. 29° 37’ 00’’ N.; long. 83° 35’ 15’’ W.;
3% fathoms; S. G.; temperature 15° C.; December 6, 1901; station
7206, Fish Hawk; 1 young (59934).

Deadman’s Bay section; lat. 29° 48’ 05’’ N.; long. 83° 46’ 40’’ W.;
4 fathoms; Co.; temperature 19.5° C.; November 7, 1901; station
7150, Fish Hawk; 1 female (59933).

Apalachicola; January, 1915; Fish Hawk (E. Danglade); 1 female
(56343).

Pensacola; in seine; February 9, 1885; Albatross; 1 male (23282);
claws lost before last moult.

LOUISIANA.—Chandeleur Islands; L. R. Cary; 7 females (33105,
33107, 33109).

TEXAS.—Texas; specimens in M.C.Z.

Shamrock Point, Corpus Christi; November 27-30, 1891; B. W.
Evermann, U.S. Fish Comm.;1 male (17102).

NEOPANOPE TEXANA SAYI (Smith)
Plate 168, Figures 3 and 4

Cancer panope Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 58 (part;
not pl. 4, fig. 3); not Cancer panope Herbst, 1801, which is a Menippe.

Panopeus sayi Situ, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 284 (type-
localities, New Haven, Conn., and Eastham, Cape Cod, Mass.; cotypes in
B.S.N.H. and P.M.Y.U.).—Bernepict and Ratusun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 14, 1891, p. 363, pl. 22, fig. 4, pl. 23, figs. 7 and 8.

Neopanope texanus sayi RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 273.

Neopanope texana sayi Ratusun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 138.—SumNnEr,
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, 1911, pt. 2, 1918, p. 678, chart 118.

Diagnosis.—Dactylus of larger hand without large basal tooth.
Fingers of male black or dark colored. Color of immovable finger
continued extensively on palm. Tips of last three antero-lateral
teeth acute angled but not sharp.

Description.—Compared to typical texana, the antero-lateral teeth
are less sharp and less projecting; margin of front more depressed.

79856—30——25

370 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Color of fingers in male darker, and running back from immovable
finger on outside and inside of palm to a variable extent, but on the
lower margin at least half way along the propodus; in the females the
color is lighter than in males and is often restricted much as in typical
texana, reaching no further than middle of smaller propodus and fall-
ing far short of middie of larger propodus. Ambulatory legs much
shorter. Abdomen of male narrower at terminal segment; sixth
segment more elongate compared to its width.

Color.—Dark blue or brown speckles on a background varying from
light bluish to yellowish. On the carapace the speckles are sometimes
densely arranged; sometimes loosely in some parts and densely in
others, forming a regular bisymmetrical pattern. Speckles larger
and tending to form a more reticulated pattern on the claws, of which
only the upper half is speckled. Fingers black or dark brown or gray,
at the tips shading through horn color to white.

Measurements.—Male (18770), length of carapace 20, width of same
27.2 mm.

Habitat—Common in muddy places but dredged on all sorts of
bottoms.

Range.—Malpeque, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Geddes Point,
Northumberland Strait, New Brunswick. From Provincetown,
Massachusetts to eastern Florida. Shore to 43 fathoms. From

Massachusetts to South Carolina inclusive,

this form is easily distinguishable from typi-

cal texana of the Florida Keys and Gulf coast.

On the east coast of Florida the types are

confused. See under Neopanope texana texana,

“Material examined.”

FIGURE 58.—NEOPANOPE TEX- : a
ANA SAYI, MALE CHELA, EN- Notes on intermediates between texana and
LARGED. AFTER BENEDICT gayj.—Snecimens from Mosquito Lagoon and
AND RATHBUN é &

East Peninsula resemble ¢. sayz except that
fourth and fifth lateral teeth are more projecting and more acute, lean-
ing toward typical tezana. A small male and female from Indian
River Inlet are nearest ¢. sayi as to lateral teeth, color of fingers and
form of abdomen, but the ambulatory legs are those of typical texana.
In specimens from Titusville the legs are long and the third to fifth
lateral teeth laterally prominent as in tezana, but the teeth are blunt
as in sayi; the males have black fingers with the color continued on
palm asin sayi. Three males from Cocoa are nearer texana than the
above; third lateral tooth acute but less sharp than in texana; fingers
light but color extending on palm to some extent, as in sayi; abdomen
nearest terana. A male from Shackleford Bank has the teeth of cara-
pace and color of fingers as in terana, but the shape of front and
extension of finger color on palm as in say.

Material examined.—See table, pages 371 to 379.

371

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380 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

NEOPANOPE PACKARDII (Kingsley)
Plate 168, Figures 5 and 6

Panopeus packardit KinGsuEy, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p.
152 (type-locality, Key West, Florida; type in M. C. Z.)—Brnepict and
RatuHBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 365, pl. 22, fig. 1; pl.
23, fig. 6.

Neopanope pourtalesii A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Méx., 1880, p. 330,
pl. 61, figs. 2-2e (type-localities, Woman Key and Florida Strait (lat. 24°
44’ N., long. 83° 26’ W.), 37 fathoms; cotypes in M. C. Z. and Paris Mus.).

Neopanope packardit Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 273; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 138.

Neopanope pourtalesi A. MitNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 329, pl. 5, fig. 6.

Diagnosis.—Dactylus of larger hand with a large basal tooth.
Last three antero-lateral teeth spiniform, widely separated; tip of
fifth tooth at right angles to tip of third.

Description.—Carapace high in middle whence it slopes down rather
rapidly in all directions excepting at the mesobranchial region which

is high and bears an obscure transverse ridge leading
to the ridge on the posterior tooth of the lateral mar-
gin. Front prominent in middle, median emargina-
tion minute, lobes slightly sinuous. Antero-lateral
teeth sharp pointed, very divergent; interspaces, save
the first, broadly open. Third and fifth (reckoning
five teeth on a side) pointing at right angles to each

other, the fourth in an intermediate direction.
Figure 59—Nero- ‘Fingers black varying to light brown, tips white,
ae ice color continued on palm along lower margin; dactylus
entarcep. Arter Of major cheliped with a large tooth at base of pre-
eee ANP hensile edge. Tooth of wrist sharp, spiniform.
Chelipeds more nearly equal in female than in male.

Measurements —Male (13042), length of carapace 13.4, width of
same 19 mm. ;

Range.—Southern and western Florida; Bahamas; Cuba.

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.“—Miami; G. M. Gray; 1 male (42139), 1 female
(42147).

Bonefish Banks SW. end of Biscayne Bay; November 26, 1906;
Pine and Bean; 1 male (33145).

Cards Sound: 1889; Grampus; 3 males, 2 females (15225). 1.5
miles N. of Pumpkin Key; 10 feet; barry; temperature 24° C.; March
10, 1903; station 7493, Fish Hawk; 1 immature female (60786).

Key Largo; 1 fathom; Gis.; H. Hemphill; 1 female (15392).

Lower Metacumbe Key; December 4, 1906; Pine, Vandegrift
and Bean, Yacht Orian; 1 ovigerous female (33143).

46 See also table on page 382.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 381

No Name Key; low tide and below; amid grass and algae; H.
Hemphill; 24 males, 29 females (13546).

Summerland Keys; December 6, 1906; B. A. Bean; 1 male (33148).

Key West: A. S. Packard, Jr.; 1 male, type (4800, M.C.Z.). H. E.
Webster; 1 male, 1 female (56833), received from Boston Society of
Natural History. D.S. Jordan; 5 males, 1 female (15390). H.Hemp-
hill; 6 males, 2 females (15395). C. N. E. Eliot; 1 young female
(22991). April 15-27, 1884; Albatross; 4 males, 6 females (18519).

Woman Key; William Stimpson; 1 specimen, cotype of N. pourtalesit
(2985, M.C.Z.).

Harbor Key; H. E. Webster; 2 males (56834), received from Boston
Society of Natural History.

Florida Bay; Union College collection; 1 specimen (42799).

Off Cape Romano; lat. 25° 50’ 15’’ N.; long. 82° 41’ 45’ W.;
21 fathoms; sdy.; temp. 20° C.; April 2, 1901; station 7124, Fish
Hawk; 1 male (25615).

Marco; H. Hemphill; 3 young (15633), 1 young (15634).

Punta Rassa; H. Hemphill; 15 males, 10 females (15394).

Charlotte Harbor: Low tide, amid grass; Henry Hemphill; 1 male
(15393). Mar., 1887; W. H. Dall; 1 female (15389).

Off Charlotte Harbor; 1901; Fish Hawk: Lat. 26° 33’ N.; long.
83° 10’ W.; 28 fathoms; sdy.; temperature 66° F.; April 2; station
basemen (25613 ))" Lat:26% 35° N.; long. 83° ‘11’ W.; 27%
fathoms; sdy.; temperature 66° F.; April 2; station 7122; 2 males
(25614).

Sarasota Bay; February, 1884; H. Hemphill; 15 males, 14 females
(6430).

Boca Ceiga Bay, inner shore of Pine Key; January, 1884; H. Hemp-
hill; 25 males, 19 females, 4 young (15396).

Orange Bluff, Clearwater Harbor; 1 and 2 fathoms; H. Hemphill;
2 males (15391).

Off NW. end St. Martin’s Reef, Florida Banks, near lat. 28° 50’
N.; long. 83° W.; 1887; Lieut. J. F. Moser, U. S. N., U. S. Coast
Survey Str. Bache; 3 males, 4 females (13042).

Cedar Keys: December, 1883; H. Hemphill; 36 males, 13 females,
19 young (15397). February 1887; Lieut. J. F. Moser, U. S. N.,
U.S. C.S. Str. Bache; 1 male (59916).

Sea Horse Key; beach, low water; sft. M. Grs.; March 21, 1887;
Lieut. J. F. Moser, U. S. Navy, U. S. Coast Survey Str. Bache;
1 male (13051). Flats at low tide; March 27, 1926; Miller and
Aschemeier; 4 males, 1 ovigerous female (60913).

West coast of Florida: F. W. Crosby; 1 male (56832), received
from Bostoa Society of Natural History. 1891; Henderson and
Simpson; 9 specimens (16339).

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 383

BAHAMAS.—Bahamas; from living sponges; 1888; Frederick
Stearns: 5 specimens (42801). West side Andros Island; 10 speci-
mens (42802). Andros Banks; 2 specimens (42800).

Off Governor’s Harbor, Eleuthera Island; 5 fathoms, in oyster
dredge; July 7, 1903; B. A. Bean; 3 males, 2 females (31056), received
from Geographic Society of Baltimore.

CUBA.—Esperanza; shallow water; May 11, 1924; Henderson and
Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 male (48519).

Genus HEXAPANOPEUS Rathbun

Hexapanopeus RaTHBuUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898,
p. 273; type, H. angustifrons (Benedict and Rathbun); Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 30.

Carapace narrow (the length three-fourths or more of width), hexa-
gonal, regions well delimited. Antero-lateral margin arcuate, about
as long as postero-lateral, five-toothed, teeth prominent, orbital or
first tooth partly fused with second, fourth tooth very prominent,
fifth sometimes much smaller and almost postlateral in position.
Postero-lateral margins strongly converging. Fronto-orbital border
from half to three-fourths the greatest width of the carapace. Front
from a fourth to about a third the greatest width of the carapace.
Front advanced, with a median notch and oblique, sinuous or straight
lobes separated from inner orbital angle by a notch. Orbital margin
with a well-marked lobe between sinuses above; otherwise the orbits
are similar to those of Panopeus. Basal article of antenna narrow,
as in Hurypanopeus.

Distinguished from Hurypanopeus chiefly by the hexagonal, narrow
carapace with produced front and very convergent postero-lateral
margins.

From southern Massachusetts to Uruguay; west coast of Mexico.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEXAPANOPEUS 47

A, Fingers either black or horn color.
B!. Fifth lateral tooth well developed.
C!. Color of immovale finger continued slightly backward on palm, end-
ing in an oblique line.
D!. Margin of front with a small tooth or lobule at outer ends.
E!. Carpus of cheliped not covered with tubercles although it
may be lumpy.
F!, Tips of lateral teeth not tuberculiform. Supraorbital
lobe wide, more than half as wide as the distance to
tip of inner orbital tooth__-__- sngustifrons, p. 384.
F?, Tips of lateral teeth tuberculiform. Supra-orbital lobe
narrow, less than half as wide as the distance to
tip of inner orbital tooth____---- orcutti, p. 397.

47 H, hirsutus Boone, Bull. Bingham Ocean. Coll., vol. 1, art. 2, 1927, p. 27, fig. 7, Isle of Pines, is
Panopeus harttii; figure unrecognizable.

384 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

E?. Carpus of cheliped covered with tubercles, about 15 in
number. Fingers deeply grooved__-_-- paulensis, p. 395.

D?. Margin of front without a small tooth at outer ends. Carapace
deeply furrowed. Supra-orbital tooth defined by open

TISSUPCS Sere ee eee enn eer ee are eee ee sinaloensis, p. 398.

C2. Color of immovable finger continued well backward and also upward

on palm. Edge of front thick, beveled___------- schmitti, p. 393.

B?. Fifth lateral tooth almost obsolete___...__---------- caribbaeus, p. 399.

A?. Fingers white or nearly so.
B!. Fingers not deeply grooved. Short granulated ridges on carapace.
C!. Carpus and manus granulate, without tubercles___hemphillii, p. 400.
C2. Carpus and upper surface of manus covered with tubercles.
nicaraguensis, p. 395.
B?. Fingers deeply grooved. First two lateral teeth similar to, but smaller
than, remaining teeth..26.5 0p 4 ibe baa quinquedentatus, p. 402.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF HEXAPANOPEUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
schmitti sinaloensis
paulensis nicaraguensis

HEXAPANOPEUS ANGUSTIFRONS (Benedict and Rathbun)
Plate 169, Figures 1 and 2

Panopeus angustifrons BENEDICT and RatTHBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
1891, p. 373, pl. 22, fig. 3; pl. 24, fig. 18 (type-locality, Long Island Sound,
6-7 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 15669, U.S.N.M.).

Hexapanopeus angustifrons RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 273.—Sumner, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31, 1911, part 2, 1913,
p. 674.—Hay and SHors, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918),
p. 486, pl. 34, fig. 7.

Diagnosis—Anterior margin of third lateral tooth transverse.
Hepatic tubercle obsolete. Deep groove on carpus. Color of
immovable finger not extended on palm. Outer ends of third ab-
dominal segment of male rounded.

Description.—Carapace convex, lateral teeth ascending; areolations
fairly well marked; front narrow, much produced, four-lobed, lateral
lobes small, their outer margin oblique; median notch V-shaped,
continued in a narrow or closed fissure; margin between the two supra-
orbital fissures produced, arcuate; antero-lateral edge thin, shorter
than postero-lateral; sinus of coalesced tooth shallower in adult than
in young; orbital angle acute, next tooth arcuate or lobiform; third
and fourth teeth short and broad, anterior edge of third tooth nearly
at right angles to median line, posterior edge much longer than
anterior and directed obliquely backward and outward from tip;
fourth tooth with posterior margin a little longer than anterior and
subparallel to median line; fifth tooth shorter and sharper. Inner

. ae

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 385

lower angle of orbit conical, produced much beyond upper angle;
outer hiatus deep, closed at bottom, wide spreading at opening.
No subhepatic tubercle.

One and sometimes two small teeth on upper margin of arm; carpal
groove deep, tooth at inner angle subcylindrical, stout, obtuse, a
shallow lobe below it; major palm smooth, deep, swollen, fingers
widely gaping, a cylindrical tooth near the base of the strongly arched
dactyl; fingers hooked at tips; the color of immovable finger ends in
the old, in an oblique line not extending further on palm; in smaller
specimens the color line is vertical and does not quite reach base of
finger. Legs slender; dactyls long and hairy.

Third, fourth, and fifth segments of male abdomen partially anchy-
losed; third segment not as wide as first, its
outer ends rounded; terminal segment rounded
at tip.

Color.—V ariable, sometimes a uniform brownish
yellow or even light buff, but usually a dark red-
dish brown or dark gray, the females usually
darker than the males and often more or less
spotted. In both sexes the fingers are black or
dark brown at the base, lighter at the tips. (Hay
and Shore.)

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of cara- Uae ae
pace 17.8, width of same 26.5, fronto-orbital ey, eNtarcep. AFTER
width 13, width of front 7.2 mm.’ Most of the ?™**?cT syeameun
specimens from Chesapeake Bay and from South Carolina southward
are small.

Variation.—A single male (21236) from Jamaica is atypical.
It has the not uncommon abnormality of two minor chelipeds instead
of a major and a minor; but these are not only similar in form but of
nearly equal size and are much longer and stronger than its small
carapace (11.6 mm. wide) would normally carry, the merus projecting
well beyond the carapace. In addition, the sinus of the coalesced
lateral tooth of the carapace is deeper and wider than usual and the
ambulatory legs are very narrow, the merus of the last pair being 4.6
by 1.1 mm.; the size of the corresponding member of a male of 13.5
mm. denapaeeyidth (15643) is 4.5 by 1.4 mm.

Range.—From Massachusetts (Vineyard Sound) to Gulf of Mexico
(Louisiana), Bahamas and Jamaica.

Material eramined.—See table, pages 386 to 392.

79856—30——26

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 393

HEXAPANOPEUS SCHMITTI, ‘3 new species
Plate 169, Figures 3-5

Type-locality—Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1925; W. L. Schmitt
collector; male holotype (Cat. No. 59831, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis —Front edge thick, beveled. Anterior margin of third
lateral tooth directed outward and slightly forward. A raised bunch
of granules on subhepatic region. Color of immovable finger ex-
tended backward and upward on palm. Outer ends of third abdom-
inal segment of male rounded; terminal segment an acute, equilateral
triangle.

Description.—A small species, representing H. angustifrons in the
Southern Hemisphere. Carapace convex, with an ascending antero-
lateral rim, as in angustifrons, but less hexagonal, the front being less
advanced and the antero-lateral margin more arcuate. Mesogastric
region narrower and more regularly tapering. Protogastric regions
covered with numerous irregular and unequal rugae, oblique or
transverse in direction. On the other areas, the principal single lines
of granules are, one transverse and interrupted at middle, on widest
part of metagastric region, and one oblique and directed outward
and slightly backward on the epibranchial region. An oblique
hepatic elevation bears several striae. Front narrow, edge sinuous,
median notch minute, outer angles a little more pronounced than in
angustifrons; edge thick, obliquely beveled and with a shallow furrow.
Supra-orbital notches small, but V-shaped, intervening lobe short,
ascending. Sinus between coalesced teeth deepish and rather large
in relation to the teeth; remaining sinuses deeper than in angustifrons.
Third tooth rectangular at tip, anterior margin oblique; fourth tooth
triangular, its posterior margin nearly straight, not convex, and
directed backward and inward; last tooth pointing outward. Outer
suborbital notch V-shaped, adjacent margin slightly concave and
less advanced than in angustifrons, not separated by an emargination
from the inner tooth, which is longer than in the related species.
A broad, low, subhepatic tubercle.

Subdistal tooth of merus of cheliped lower and transverse groove
deeper than in angustifrons. Groove of carpus also deep and con-
tinued backward at the outer end in a right angle; inner tooth shorter
and broader at base than in angustifrons. Minor palm shorter than
in full grown angustifrons; propodal finger of both chelae more
deflexed than in that species. Legs similar to those of the northern
species.

In comparison with angustifrons the third segment of male abdo-
men is narrower and its ends more rounded, sixth segment longer,
terminal segment longer and more acutely pointed, forming almost
an equilateral triangle.

48 For Dr. W. L. Schmitt who, as a fellow under the Walter Rathbone Bacon fund of the Smithsonian
Institution, has made extensive collections of crustaceans in South America.

394 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Color.—Carapace of freshly preserved specimens olive gray some-
times finely speckled on posterior half. Dorsal half of chelipeds
covered with reddish speckles more or less confluent; a larger red
spot at articulations. Legs with duller speckles like carapace. The
dark color of immovable finger may extend in male along half, or
even more than half, of entire lower margin of propodus.

Measurements—Male holotype, length of carapace 9.4, width of
same 12.8, fronto-orbital width 7.8, width of front 4.2 mm.

Remarks.—Small specimens are easily mistaken for Panopeus
bermudensis on account of the similarity of the granulate lines on
the carapace, but they can be identified by the character of the
lateral teeth, the thick front, the texture of the palms, and the exten-
sion of the color of the finger in the male.

Range.—Brazil; Uruguay.

Material examined.—

BRAZIL.—Maceio, Alagéas; coral reef; August 3, 1899; A. W.
Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 female (25736); formerly
recorded as bermudensis.

Bom Fim, Bahia; 1876-77; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; 1
male (21398); chelipeds not regenerated.

Bay of Rio de Janeiro: 1876-77; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations:
Dredged, shallow water, 1 male, 3 females (1 ovigerous) (19792);
Rio de Janeiro, dredged, 1 female (19791). 1925; W. L. Schmitt:
7 males, 5 females (1 ovigerous) (59831), 1 male is holotype; Pedra
de Itapuca, Nictheroy, August 24, 1 ovigerous female (59832);
Paqueta, August 19, 4 males, 1 female, 2 young (59833); River in
Ilha Governador, August 27, 1 male, 1 female (59847). January,
1922; Carlos Moreira; Copacabana; in Sargassum, carried to shore
by waves; 19 males, 21 females (8 ovigerous) (59834); received
through W. L. Schmitt.

Villa Bella, Ilha Sado Sebastiao, Sado Paulo; 1925; from W. L.
Schmitt: September 28, 4 males, 1 ovigerous female (59835); H.
Luederwaldt collector: August, 5 males, 1 ovigerous female, 1 young
(59836); October, 14 males, 9 females (3 ovigerous) (59837).

Sao Francisco, Santa Catharina; along flat in front of sea wall
by, Mercado; October 5, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 1 female
(59838).

URUGUAY.—Cape Polonia; December 6, 1922; H. M. Smith; 1
male (56719).

Punta del Este; under rocks in seaweed mostly in water; Novem-
ber 15, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, much worn (59839).

Puerto La Paloma, Rocha: February, 1925; 1 male; lent by Buenos
Aires Mus. (15175). March, 1925; Atair; 1 male; lent by Buenos
Aires Mus. (15412, part).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 395

HEXAPANOPEUS PAULENSIS, new species
Plate 170, Figures 5 and 6

Type-locality—Santos, Sado Paulo, Brazil; received from Museu
Paulista; male holotype (Cat. No. 61136, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis —Carapace with short transverse lines of single granules.
Wrists tuberculate. Fingers deeply grooved, the color of the im-
movable finger continued moderately back on palm. Sixth abdom-
inal segment of male abdomen broader than long.

Description.—About 12 transverse granulated lines on gastric,
cardiac and branchial regions; epigastric and frontal lobes prominent.
Edge of front thin, arcuate, with a small median V-notch and a
small slightly projecting lobule at outer end. Supra-orbital border
arcuate between the two emarginations. Outer tooth small, next
or second tooth of antero-lateral margin larger, broad and shallow,
with arcuate outer margin; third tooth with nearly straight margin
‘directed inward and forward; fourth and fifth teeth acute and prom-
inent; there may be a small denticle in the first, second, or third
sinus. Inner suborbital tooth large, further advanced than the
supra-orbital angle but less than the outer angle of the front. On
the subhepatic region a raised line of granules.

The chelipeds are distinguished from others of the genus by the
roughness of wrist and upper part of palm. The wrist has about 15
tubercles irregular in size and distribution; besides the customary
tooth at the inner angle, there is below it a very small but plainly
marked tooth or denticle; distal groove deep. Manus with a superior
groove, also one on the outer surface just below the upper edge; the
two ridges thus formed each have 4 or 5 low ill-defined tubercles.
Fingers deeply grooved, tips light, remainder horn color, the color
of the immovable finger continued a little on the palm and ending
in an oblique line. Of the abdominal segments of the male the last
two are broader than long, the terminal segment subtriangular, its
proximal margin arching toward the sixth segment.

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 7, width of same
9.6, fronto-orbital width 5.6, width of front 2.9 mm.

Range.—State of SAo Paulo, Brazil.

Material examined.—

Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiaio, SAo Paulo; September 19, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 2 ovigerous females (61137).

Santos, Sao Paulo; 3 males, 2 females (61136) from Museu Paulista;
3 males, 3 females (Mus. Paulista, 1011).

HEXAPANOPEUS NICARAGUENSIS Rathbun, new combination

Lophopanopeus nicaraguensis RaTHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17,
1904, p. 162 (type-locality, Realejo, west coast of Nicaragua; type in Copen-
hagen Mus.).

396 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis —Five well marked, triangular, antero-lateral teeth.
Transverse granulated lines on carapace. Upper surface of wrist and
palm tuberculate.

Description.—Regions of carapace plainly marked, finely granulate,
crossed by transverse lines of coarser granules—on front and epigastric
lobes, two on each protogastric region, one at widest part of meso-
gastric region, one hepatic, two on anterior part of branchial region,
while on posterior part of same region there is a nearly longitudinal
row of very short granulated rugae which extend to posterior margin;
the last of these is the strongest. Front narrow, little more than
one-fourth width of carapace; margin thick, granulate, bilobed, median
notch V-shaped, lobes most advanced near the notch, outer angles
distinct, blunt teeth. Margin of orbit granulate, outline convex
between the two superior fissures; outer sinus a large V, inner lower

FIGURE 61.—HEXAPANOPEUS NICARAGUENSIS, MALE, HOLOTYPE (COPENHAGEN
Mus,), CARAPACE 13 MM. WIDE, DORSAL VIEW

angle prominent, triangular, intervening outline convex. Antero-
lateral teeth five (orbital included), increasing rapidly in size from first
to fourth, fifth nearly as large as fourth, thick, upturned, margins
denticulate. From the second a granulate bilobed crest extends
along subhepatic region to antero-lateral angle of buccal cavity. The
fourth and fifth teeth have a superior crest prolonged on to the
carapace.

Chelipeds very unequal, granulate, granules coarser on elevations
and margins. Merus as high as long, a strong subterminal tooth
above, behind it a denticle. Carpus covered outside with granulated
tubercles, anterior and outer margins thickened; inner tooth small.
The fine granules of the palm form transverse reticulating lines;
upper and posterior end rough with granulated tubercles which form
two rows above and have a tendency to form longitudinal lines on

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 397

outer surface. Fingers of large claw gaping, dactylus with a large
basal tooth, thumb a little deflexed, that of smaller claw more strongly
so. Fingers almost white in alcohol, color line oblique but not
extended noticeably on palm. Upper margins of ambulatory legs
granulate, carpal crests unevenly so; last two articles densely hairy.

First segment of male abdomen with a transverse granulated crest;
penult segment much broader than long, and broader at anterior than
posterior margin; terminal segment broadly subtriangular.

Measurements —Male holotype, length of carapace 8.7, width of
‘same 13, width of front 3.5 mm.

Range.—West coast of Nicaragua.

Material examined.—Known only from the type-specimen from
Realejo; Oersted collector; one male (Copenhagen Mus.).

HEXAPANOPEUS ORCUTTI, new species

Plate 170, Figures 3 and 4

Type-locality— Near Modesto, Sinaloa, Mexico; September 29,
1922; 1 male holotype (Cat. No. 56688, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis —Lateral teeth with tuberculiform tips. Carpal furrow
turning backward at a right angle. Major manus with a furrow on
upper part of outer surface. Color of immovable finger prolonged
obliquely backward from interdigital sinus.

Description.—Striae of dorsal surface ill defined, regional furrows
shallow. Margin of front slightly arched, as far as the well marked
outer teeth; median emargination minute. Upper orbital border
between fissures lobiform. Antero-lateral teeth similar, triangular,
shallow, and with thick tuberculiform tips; first tooth equilaterally
triangular and so deeply and widely separated from the second that
they do not appear coalesced; third tooth with a short anterior margin
directed a little forward and the posterior margin directed well out-
ward and backward; fourth tooth widest, its anterior margin running
slightly back to the tip, posterior margin longer, a little convex and
directed backward and inward to the small and narrow fifth tooth,
which points obliquely forward.

Carpus of cheliped very lumpy, its distal furrow continued back-
ward at the outer end in a right angle. Upper part of major manus
compressed so that a longitudinal furrow is formed on the outer
surface. Color of both propodal fingers continued moderately on
palm, the terminal line beginning in the sinus at base of finger and
continued obliquely down and back in a sinuous line. The major
dactyl lacks a large basal tooth; this may be an accidental rather than
a specific character.

Sixth segment of male abdomen broader than long, sides mostly
parallel but curve inward a little at distal end. Terminal segment
very short and rounded at tip.

398 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 4.9, width 6.6,
fronto-orbital width 4.5, width of front 2.6 mm.
Range.—West coast of Mexico. Known only from the type
specimen.
HEXAPANOPEUS SINALOENSIS, new species

Plate 170, Figures 1 and 2

Type-locality —Teacap4n, Sinaloa, Mexico; on oyster beds especi-
ally among bunches of Hydrozoa; Secretaria de Agricultura y Fo-
mento; 1 male holotype (Cat. No. 60229, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Carapace deeply furrowed. Front arcuate, without.
tooth at outer ends. Supra-orbital lobe set off on either side by an
open fissure. Second antero-lateral tooth much larger than first;
third wider than fourth.

Description. Regions and subregions of the dorsal surface of the
carapace marked off by deep furrows; transverse granulated lines.
inconspicuous. Front thin, not crossed by the median epigastric
groove; edge arcuate, scarcely interrupted by the minute notch at.
the middle, and without a tooth at the outer ends. Inner supra-
orbital tooth large, outer edge longitudinal, inner oblique; space
between fissures broad, transverse, fissures open, terminating in a
V-notch; inner suborbital tooth low, reaching only as far as the line
of the base of the supra-orbital tooth. Outer tooth small, only a
third as wide as the second tooth of lateral margin and separated
from it by a narrow sinus; second tooth shallow, inner margin nearly
transverse, outer margin sinuous, directed backward and outward;
third tooth broadest, a lobule on its inner margin, outer margin ©
nearly longitudinal; fourth tooth narrow-triangular, a minute lobule |
at base of inner margin, outer margin oblique and slightly convex; —
fifth tooth very small but well formed, directed obliquely forward.

The chelipeds, which are detached and very unequal, are rough, |
the carpus lumpy toward the distal end, the manus very rough above.
and with a deep superior furrow. Both chelipeds have the fingers
strongly deflexed and the dactyl without a large basal tooth. They
have the appearance of minor chelipeds and may not both belong to
the type-specimen. ‘The color of the fixed finger runs back a little
on the palm in a horizontal line, then turns obliquely downward,
forming a line parallel to the proximal margin of the palm.

Abdomen (male) rather narrow, the third segment not reaching
the coxae of the last pair of legs; sixth segment broader than long,
its sides sinuous; terminal segment slightly broader than long, sub-
triangular.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 6.2, width 8.5,
fronto-orbital width 5.7, width of front 3.2 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico. Known only from the type
specimen.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 399
HEXAPANOPEUS CARIBBAEUS (Stimpson)
Plate 171, Figures 3-5

Micropanope caribbaea Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p.
108 (type-locality, St. Thomas; type not extant).

Eurypanopeus caribbaeus RatTHBUN, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 20.

Hexapanopeus caribbaeus RatHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, voll.
4, 1898, p. 273; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2, 1901, p. 31.

Diagnosis —Fifth lateral tooth mimute. A supra-orbital lobe
present, advanced to level of outer orbital tooth. Dark color of
fingers running backward and upward on palm. No large tooth at
base of major dactyl.

Description —Carapace moderately convex, pubescent. Trans-
verse ridges with longer hairs, as follows: Two subparallel, on proto-
gastric region; one epibranchial, strong, in line with last lateral tooth;
slightly further back, one metagastric, interrupted at middle; one
cardiac, with a shorter median break; one short, above base of last
leg. An oblique and more feeble granulate hepatic ridge paralleling
the lateral margin; this ridge is lacking in small specimens. Front
very narrow, produced, edge thin, lateral margins oblique, a median
V, lobes oblique, or in the young transverse or nearly so. Antennal
flagellum as long as front is broad. Inner supra-orbital border
elevated, emarginations V-shaped, intervening space lobate or
obtusangled, as advanced as the small triangular, outer tooth.
Exorbital notch V-shaped, lower margin advanced, becoming grad-
ually more so up to the broad inner tooth, which is less produced
than the corresponding tooth above. Second antero-lateral tooth
small, similar to first and separated from it by a shallow sinus; their
combined width equal to that of third tooth, which has a transverse
or in the old strongly concave, anterior, and an arcuate posterior
margin, tip acute. Fourth tooth spiniform, a little narrower at base
than third, and much more outstanding, directed obliquely forward,
anterior margin concave, posterior straight or nearly so. Fifth tooth
minute, separated from fourth by a closed fissure and appearing
much like a section from the posterior slope of the fourth.

Chelipeds very unequal; carpus with a number of small tubercules,
arranged roughly in three rows, and at the inner angle a small slender
tooth. Palm very finely granulate but smooth to the naked eye;
two parallel ridges above and a smooth interspace. Fingers dark
with light tips, the dark of the propodal finger prolonged in the male
well back and up on the palm, in the female and young a short way
back. Major fingers stout, not gaping, minor fingers slenderer and
longer; major dactylus without large basal tooth; major fixed finger
nearly horizontal, minor deflexed. Ambulatory legs very slender,
merus not inflated.

400 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Male abdomen: Third segment narrow, ends rounded; remaining
segments relatively broad, a slight constriction between fifth and
sixth, sixth and seventh much broader than long; seventh subtri-
angular, with blunt tip.

Measurements.—Male (24278), length of carapace 8, width 11.5,
fronto-orbital width 7.5, width of front 3.7 mm.

Range.—West Indies; coast of South America from Colombia to
State of Santa Catharina, Brazil.

Material examined.—

WEST INDIES.—Jamaica: P. W. Jarvis; 4 males (19356, 19402).
Montego Bay; from sponges and algae in brackish pond; July 2, 1910;
C. B. Wilson; 1 female (42938). Bogue Islands; 1910; C. B. Wilson:
On mangrove roots with sponges, ascidians, etc., June 20, 12 males,
6 females (42937); from sponge on mangrove roots, July 10, 1 male
(42936). Kingston Harbor: 1893, R. P. Bigelow, 1 male (19795);
P. W. Jarvis, 2 males, 1 female (19359).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: 1 male (24279). Boqueron Bay;
January 27; 1 male, 1 female (24280). Hucares; February 14; 1
male (24278).

St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 1 male (19414).

SOUTH AMERICAN COAST.—Colombia: Sabanilla; March
16-22, 1884; Albatross; 2 ovigerous females, 1 young (19416).

Curacao; Caracas Bay; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: Under stones
near shore; May 3; 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.). In coral; April 28;
1 young (56883).

Trinidad; January 30-February 2, 1884; Albatross: 12 specimens
(19794). Monos Island; 3 females (2 ovigerous, 1 of which is only
4.5 mm. wide) (19415).

Brazil: Bay of Rio de Janeiro, across from the city; from sponges;
C. Moreira; 2 males (31502) from Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
River on Ilha Governador, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; August 27, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (59829). State of Santa Catharina; 1919; —
H. Luederwaldt; 2 males, lent by Museu Paulista.

HEXAPANOPEUS HEMPHILLII (Benedict and Rathbun)
Plate 171, Figures 1, 2, and 6

Panopeus hemphillii Benepict and Ratuswun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
1891, p. 374, pl. 24, figs. 12 and 13 (type-locality, Indian Key, Florida;
holotype, Cat. No. 15649, U.S.N.M.).

Hexapanopeus hemphillii Rarupun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,
vol. 4, 1898, p. 273; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2, 1901,
p. 31.

Diagnosis.—Third lateral tooth broader at base than the other
teeth. Carapace widest at fourth tooth. Fifth tooth well developed.
Fingers not deeply grooved; color white, not extended on palm.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 40]

Description.—Carapace well areolated, mesogastric region con-
stricted behind the point where it narrows to the tip. Transverse
granulated ridges on epigastric, protogastric, hepatic, and epibran-
chial regions; except in the last-mentioned, the ridges are two or
more granules in width, and in the protogastric and hepatic ridges
are very irregular and wider at outer than inner end. Anterior and
lateral margins granulate; third, fourth, and fifth teeth surmounted
by a line of granules, that on fourth and fifth teeth widening inwardly
in a bunch of granules. Front with a row of granules paralleling
the margin; a narrow median V; edge of either half oblique and
sinuous, forming a low outer lobule strongly rounded off. Inner
‘upper tooth of orbit acutangled; superior fissures V-shaped, inter-
mediate space short; outer emargination a broad V from which the
lower margin of the orbit is transverse up to the conical inner tooth.
Outer tooth of orbit small, obtusangled, separated by a shallow
rounded, or sometimes slightly pointed sinus from the next or second
antero-lateral tooth; this is larger than the first, larger in full-sized
than in small specimens, and sometimes rounded or lobiform as in
the type-lot, or subtriangular as in smaller specimens. Last three
teeth unequal and dissimilar; third widest, suboblong, anterior
margin straight, oblique, posterior margin rounded or a little angled.
Fourth tooth prominent laterally (carapace widest here), not much
more than half as wide at base as third, anterior margin concave
and obliquely transverse, posterior margin convex; fifth tooth trian-
gular, directed outward.

Chelipeds very unequal in male. Upper margin of merus rough
with granules, two or three denticles preceding the subdistal tooth
or tubercle. Carpus rough with granulated ridges and tubercles,
the distal furrow widens at outer end, and a broad, nearly smooth,
depression runs along the inner border from the tooth to articulation
with manus. The latter is rough above and inside with fine granulate
reticulations, superior groove well marked; on the outer surface the
granules become very fine below or disappear. Fingers not gaping,
white, color not extended on palm. Fingers of major chela very
short and broad, propodal finger horizontal; fingers of minor chela
long, narrow, deflexed, grooves deeper than in major chela.

Fifth segment of male abdomen narrowing distally, sides sinuous.
Sixth segment broader than long, narrowing slightly toward fifth
segment. Terminal segment an equilateral triangle, or in the full
grown, more elongate; tip subacute.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 6.9, width of
same 9.8, fronto-orbital width 6.3, width of front 3.4 mm.

Range.—Western and southern Florida; West Indies.

Material examined.—

79856—30——27

402 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

FLORIDA.—Sarasota Bay; 1 male (42807); from Union College.

Tortugas: 1884; Edward Palmer; 2 ovigerous females (15653).
East side Loggerhead Key; from two buckets of turtle grass, roots,
etc.; June 17, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (59830). Fort Jefferson
from beach at pier; July 25, 1926; C. R. Shoemaker, station 6; 1
ovigerous female (60880); gift of Carnegie Institution.

Key West: 1884; Albatross; 3 males, 5 females (18262). H. Hemp-
hill; 50 specimens (15652). February 3, 1901; B. A. Bean and W.—
H. King; 1 male, 1 female (24843). Key West Harbor; Edward
Palmer; 8 specimens (15651).

Off Key West; inside the reef; Key West Light to East Channel
Bar Buoy, 71° 53’, to Beacon A, 74° 46’; 5% fathoms; Co. S. G.;
temperature 20° C.; February 13, 1902; station 7278, Fish Hawk;
3 young (59911).

No Name Key; H. Hemphill; 13 specimens (15650).

3%, miles NW. % N. of E. end of Grassy Key; 8 feet; rky.; tem-
perature 24° C.; January 28, 1903; station 7431, Fish Hawk; 1 male
(59912).

Duck Key N., 1.25 miles; 2%; fathoms; Co. S. grass; temperature
69.5° F.; December 20, 1912; station 7790, haul 2, Fish Hawk; 1
male, 1 female with Bopyrid parasite, 1 young (60881).

4Y¥, miles W. by N. of Elbow Reef Beacon, Hawk Channel; 2%
fathoms; barry, S.; temperature 20.5° C.; February 19, 1903; sta-
tion 7467, Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous female, 1 young (59913).

Indian Key; H. Hemphill; 1 male holotype, 1 female (15649).

Key Largo; among corallines, low tide; H. Hemphill; 1 female
(15648).

WEST INDIES.—Cuba; on reef flat between Cayo Hutia and
Little Cayo, northeast of Light; May 12, 1914; Henderson and
Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition; 1 male (48515).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: 2 females (24259). Mayaguez
Harbor; January 20; 1 male (24260). Porto Real; January 27; 1
male (24261).

St. Thomas; January 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 2 females (1 oviger-

ous) (18518).
HEXAPANOPEUS QUINQUEDENTATUS Rathbun

Hexapanopeus quinquedentatus RatTusun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900,
vol. 2, 1901, p. 31, text-fig. 6 (type-locality, Mayaguez, Porto Rico; type
Cat. No. 23769, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Lateral teeth prominent, thick; sinus deep between
first and second. Outer tooth of front obsolete. Fingers white,
deeply grooved.

Description.—Carapace deeply areolated, regions separately con--
vex, granulate; granules coarser on elevations, noticeably in a trans-
verse line on epibranchial, mesobranchial, metabranchial, hepatic, .
epigastric, metagastric (line interrupted at middle), protogastric

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 403

(two, one behind the other), and on the midribs of the lateral teeth.
Edge of front thin, with a median V; lobes slightly oblique, nearly
straight, outer angles deflexed and but very little, almost imper-
ceptibly, advanced; side margins oblique, outer corners rounded.
Upper orbital margin between fissures wide, slightly arched. Five
well-marked lateral teeth, sinus deep between first and second; the
first four teeth increase successively in size; second tooth with convex
outer margin and blunt tip; third, fourth, and fifth most prominent,
thick, subacute; fifth directed outward.

Chelipeds not very heavy nor very unequal, coarsely and closely
granulate; merus margined above, ending in a minute subdistal point.
Carpus uneven with a few tubercles and a very wide and deep distal
groove. Manus deeply grooved along upper surface; a broader
shallower groove on upper part of outer surface. Fingers deeply
grooved, intervening ridges partly granulate; tips acute, fingers not
gaping; color white, appar-
ently not continued on
palm. Legs granulate
along anterior margin.

Measurements —Female
holotype, length of cara-

pace 5.5, width of same ;
7.4, fronto-orbital width 5,
width of front 2.4 mm. FIGURE 62.—HEXAPANOPEUS QUINQUEDENTATUS. a. MALE,

RIGHT CHELA, X10. 6. FEMALE, CARAPACE, X 4

Range.—Porto Rico.

Material examined.—Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk:

Mayaguez; January 19; 1 female, holotype (23769); chelae equal
and both of the minor sort without basal tooth on the dactyl.

Mayaguez Harbor; customhouse, E. by S. \% S., 24% miles; 12
fathoms; stky. M.; January 19; station 6060; 1 ovigerous female
(24245).

Off Porto Real; Punta Guaniquilla, S. 4 E., 2 miles; 8.5 fathoms;
Co. S.; January 25; station 6074; 1 immature female (24244).

Off Boca Prieta; Punta Guaniquilla, S. SE., 3% miles; 8.5 fathoms;
Co. S.; January 25; station 6075; 1 immature female (24243).

Relation.—H. quinquedentatus resembles sinaloensis in the deep sinus
between the first and second lateral teeth, but is a much rougher
species with more outstanding third, fourth, and fifth teeth and
straighter, more transverse front.

Genus EURYPANOPEUS A. Milne Edwards

Eurypanopeus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 318; type,
E. crenatus (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Carapace rather broad, length about two-thirds width, oval, de-

pressed or convex, regions not strongly marked or areolated, often

404 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

crossed by fine transverse broken granulated lines, but on the whole
the carapace is smoother than in Panopeus. Antero-lateral borders
horizontal or slightly upturned, as long as or slightly shorter than
postero-lateral, arcuate, cut into five (including orbital) shallow teeth
or lobes, usually projecting little if at all beyond general line of cara-
pace. Second tooth low and rounded and rather closely fused with
orbital tooth. Fronto-orbital border half or more than half and front
a third or little less than a third the greatest widthofcarapace. Front
less advanced than in Panopeus; otherwise front and orbits much as in
that genus. Orbital hiatus and basal article of antenna narrower
than in Panopeus. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes; the fingers may
be acute or spoon-shaped or different on the two chelipeds in the same
species. Abdomen of male with usually the third, fourth, and fifth
segments fused (only fourth and fifth fused in dissimilis).

From Massachusetts Bay to State of Santa Catharina, Brazil;
Bahamas; Bermudas; west coast of Mexico to Chile.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EURYPANOPEUS

A!. Carapace distinctly convex, especially in the antero-posterior direction.

B!. Fingers of minor cheliped spooned. Chelipeds very unequal.
C!. Minor manus two-thirds as high as major. Transverse lines on

dorsum not strikingly prominent______________ depressus, p. 410.
C?. Minor manus half as high as major. A few very prominent raised
SrAMULALedMAIMeS ROM" G ONS UT see = ey ee wey ey melee dissimilis, p. 411.

B?. Fingers of both chelipeds with acute tips, not spooned.
C!. Dark color of immovable finger continued on palm.
D'. Front double-edged, upper edge with a line of granules.
E!. Hepatic region faintly indicated and not crossed by oblique

Sranulated. limese. 2 eee eee ee transversus, p. 407.
E?. Hepatic region deeply indicated and crossed by oblique
eranwlated lineyoenes 2a eee abbreviatus ater, p. 407.

D?. Front not double-edged. Hepatic region deeply delimited _-_---
ovatus, p. 409.

C*. Dark color of immovable finger not continued on palm.
D'. Carapace moderately convex, well areolated; three lateral sinuses

OPP OO ONS IAba we aoa a = ae Se eg abbreviatus, p. 404.
D?. Carapace very convex, regions faintly marked; lateral sinuses
einen Sah Se ON Ad ERD PAE, oe 20 crenatus, p. 418.

A?, Carapace flat, especially toward the sides.
B!. Carpus of cheliped smooth (without grooves). Anterior and antero-
lateral regions rough with granules and granulated rugae__ planus, p. 420.
B*. Carpus of cheliped with two grooves at right angles to each other. Ante-
rior and antero-lateral regions nearly smooth, finely granulate_____---
planissimus, p. 421.
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF EURYPANOPEUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
abbreviatus ovatus
EURYPANOPEUS ABBREVIATUS (Stimpson)

Plate 172, Figures 1 and 2

Xantho parvulus MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 395, Antilles
and Brazil (not Cancer parvulus J. C. Fabricius, 1793).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 405

Panopeus abbreviatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 211
(type-locality, Barbados; type in M. C. Z.).
Panopeus politus Smiru, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1869, pp. 3 and 34,
pl. 1, fig. 4 (type-locality, Abrolhos Reefs, Brazil; type in P. M. Y. U.).
Eurypanopeus parvulus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 322, pl. 59,
figs. 5—-5d.

Eurypanopeus abbreviatus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 320,
pl. 59, figs. 3, 3a.—Rarusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 19; Bull.
U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2, 1901, p. 30.

Panopeus parvulus Benepict and RatuBvn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891,
p. 369, pl. 21, fig. 1; pl. 23, figs. 2 and 3.

Diagnosis —Antero-lateral margin cut into shallow lobes. Carpus
of cheliped with a broad low blunt tooth at inner angle. Color of
immovable fingernot prolongedon palm. Fingers of minor chelaacute.

Description.—Carapace naked above, broad, moderately convex in
two directions, granulate and uneven on the front and along the
antero-lateral border, smooth and polished on median regions and
posteriorly. Regions slightly but distinctly indicated. Several well
marked rugae among the granules: One on the raised epigastric lobes;
one, straight or broken, on hepatic region, subparallel to antero-
lateral margin; one or two on ante-
rior part of protogastric region; one
epibranchial. Front strongly de-
flexed, edge somewhat beveled from
above and four-lobed; median lobes
prominent, oblique, separated by an b
acute V-notch, lateral lobes project
as small narrow teeth. Upper mar- a
gin of orbit with two slight notches reure 63—EuRYPANOPEUS ABBREVIATUS, MALE,
followed by deeply impressed closed ENLARGED. a. ABDOMEN. 6. MAJOR CHELA.

. . . . AFTER BENEDICT AND RATHBUN

fissures, intervening margin a little

convex. Suborbital notch broad and shallow, adjacent margin sloping
somewhat backward to base of the stout inner tooth. On the sub-
hepatic region a low, granulated swelling below the interval between
first two lateral teeth. Antero-lateral margin thin, divided by small
notches into four lobes, the first of which is composed of the incon-
spicuous angle of the orbit coalesced by a slightly concave line with
the low, rounded lobule or normal second tooth; third tooth (second
lobe) truncate, oblique, with either end an obtuse angle; fourth tooth
with outer margin longitudinal or nearly so, anterior angle a right
angle and slightly carinate; fifth tooth subtriangular, directed straight
outward.

Chelipeds of male very unequal. Inner angle of carpus marked by
a low blunt lobe. Major palm stout and high. Fingers slender,
pointed, widely gaping in the major chela, fitting closely in the minor
chela, tips crossing in both; a very large tooth at base of larger dactyl,
base of immovable finger rectangular, then rapidly diminishing;

406 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

fingers of smaller chela more deflexed. Dark color restricted, just,
or not quite, covering base of immovable fingers. In female, major
cheliped not much heavier than minor, gape of fingers narrow.

Abdomen of male with sixth segment broader than long, side
margins a little sinuous; terminal segment triangular with angles blunt.

Color.—Yellowish or brownish; chelipeds and front margin of cara-
pace roseate; fingers black with paler tips (Stimpson). Light brown
above, tinged with bluish purple on anterior part of carapace and
upper side of chelipeds (Smith). A number of large dark spots on
upper half of chelipeds in Brazilian specimens.

Measurements.—Male (59845), length of carapace 14.1, width of
same 22, fronto-orbital width 11, width of front 6 mm.

Range—From Bahamas and Florida Keys to State of Santa
Catharina, Brazil.

Material exramined.—

Florida: Key West; 1885; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 1 female (15787).
Dr. H. Allen; specimens in P. M. Y. U.

Bahamas: Abaco; 1886; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (16333).
Andros Islands; under rocks at Smith’s; May 5, 1912; Paul Bartsch;
1 female (45726).

Jamaica: Montego Bay and Port Henderson; specimens returned
to sender. Kingston Harbor; May-July, 1896; F. S. Conant; 1 male
(19592).

Haiti: Santo Domingo; 1878; W. M. Gabb; 5 males, 2 females
(3202).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Ponce; January 31; 1 female (24331).
Arroyo; February 4; 1 male, 1 female (24332). Hucares; February
13 and 14; 5 males (24334), 1 female (24335). Ensenada Honda,
Culebra; February 9 and 10; 2 males, 1 female, 1 young (24333).

St. Thomas harbor; shore near town; July 10, 1915; C. R. Shoe-
maker; 1 male (59902).

St. Croix; specimens in Copenhagen Mus.

Antigua: Pillars of Hercules; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition,
State University of Iowa; 1 male, 1 young (Mus. S. U. I.), 1 female
(58001 ).

Barbados: Theodore N. Gill; 1 male cotype (M. C. Z.). Rock
pool at Bathsheba; February 22, 1924; Gerrit S. Miller; 3 males, 4
females, 1 young (62516).

Colombia: Sabanilla; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 6 males, 15
females (15788).

Curacao: Caracas Bay; under stones near shore; May 3, 1920;
C. J. van der Horst; 1 ovigerous female (56877), 2 females (1 ovi~
gerous) (Amsterdam Mus.).

Venezuela: Puerto Cabello; specimens in Berlin Mus.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 407

Trinidad: February, 1878; Crosby collector; 3 males (56815),
received from Boston Society of Natural History. 1884; Albatross;
9 males, 5 females (15658).

Brazil: 1899, A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition: Maman-
guape stone reef, Parahyba, June 22 and 23, 5 males, 7 females (25738) ;
Rio Goyanna stone reef, Pernambuco, June 18, 2 males (25739); Boa
Viagem stone reef, Pernambuco, July 6,1 male, 1 female (25740);
Maceio coral reef, Alagoas, 3 males, 1 female (Stanford Univ.). Bahia,
1876-1877, R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations, 1 specimen (16264).
1925, W. L. Schmitt: Ilha Governador, Bay of Rio de Janeiro, outside
mouth of river, under rocks, sponges and bunches of bryozoa, Sep-
tember 1, 1 female (59842); Paqueta, Bay of Rio de Janeiro, August
19, 1 ovigerous female (59843); Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiaéio, Sao
Paulo, September 20 and 21, 28 males, 18 females (5 ovigerous), 1
young (59844); same locality, October, H. Luederwaldt collector,
4 males, 4 females (1 ovigerous) (59846); Saéo Francisco, Santa
Catharina, October 28-30, November 1, 5 males, 7 females (3 ovi-
gerous) (59845).

EURYPANOPEUS ABBREVIATUS ATER, new subspecies
Plate 172, Figures 3 and 4

Type-locality— Vera Cruz, Mexico; 1925; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male
(Cat. No. 59994, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Distinguished from the typical form (1) by the dark
color of the immovable finger of both chelae continued on the palm
backward to a point a little beyond the middle of the lower margin
of the propodus (measured from tip of finger) and upward more than
half its greatest height; and (2) by the numerous and well separated
red dots on the outer surface of the palm.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 13.3, width of
same 19.8, fronto-orbital width 9.6, width of front 5.4 mm.

EURYPANOPEUS TRANSVERSUS (Stimpson)
Plate 172, Figures 5-7

Panopeus transversus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p.
210 [82] (type-locality, Panama; type not extant). BrNEDIcT and RaTHBUN,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 367, pl. 22, fig. 2; pl. 24, fig. 9.

Eurypanopeus transversus A. M1nNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 319,
pl. 59, fig. 1-1f.

Diagnosis.—Front double-edged, upper edge marked with a line of
granules. Hepatic region faintly indicated. Lateral margin cut into
shallow lobes. Color of propodal fingers continued on palm.

Description.—Carapace moderately convex, the front bent notice-
ably downward; sparingly short-pubescent, anteriorly finely granulate
and rugose, regions indicated; mesogastric region narrow, very slightly
constricted at middle, acuminate, a median groove leading from it to

408 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

edge of front. This edge is divided into two sinuous granulate lobes,
the outer angle of which forms a distinct but inconspicuous lobule;
the front appears thick because it has a row of single granules a little
above and behind the true edge. Supraorbital notches minute and
not far apart. Outer orbital angle obtuse forming a low tooth scarcely
distinguishable from the truncate second tooth of the lateral margin,
which has a long, straight or slightly convex margin. Succeeding
notches short and narrow, more or less V-shaped, the V often ending
in a short linear fissure. Third and fourth teeth truncate, slightly
convex, the third a trifle shorter than or sometimes subequal to, the
fourth. Suborbital emargination of good size, lower margin of orbit
a little convex or nearly straight, separated by a

shallow V from the broad, low, triangular, inner tooth.

Subhepatic tubercle as a rule very little developed.

Chelipeds minutely granulate; no subdistal tooth

on merus; surface of carpus covered with fine granulate

rugae irregularly transverse, inner angle a very short

blunt tooth. Palms crossed by transverse rugae em-

phasized by intermediate rows of punctae larger-than

mroune ot eer® the granules. A strong tooth at base of major dactyl,
versus, mate which forms a narrow gape with its opposing finger.
canosp. arren Both propodal fingers are nearly horizontal, their

Benepict and color runs back a little on the palm, less in female

ees than in male.

Abdomen of male with third segment very little wider than second,
somewhat rounded or a little angled at outer ends; sixth segment
broader than long, terminal segment subtriangular, the tip broadly
arcuate.

Measurements —Male (16214), length of carapace 11.4, width of
same 17, fronto-orbital width 10, width of front 5.5 mm.

Variations.—Stimpson says of this species, ‘Surface not uneven
near the antero-lateral teeth.’’ Of the specimens before me this is
true of some but others have a deep groove leading inward from the
last two lateral notches. There is variability also in size of lateral
notches, in development of subhepatic tubercle, even on different
sides of one individual; and in prominence of granules on manus.

In two specimens the major chela is underdeveloped, as not infre-
quently happens in Panopeids; in male No. 16214, which corresponds
most nearly to Stimpson’s description, the major chela retains its
characteristic shape but is somewhat lower, and the basal tooth of the
dactylus is much reduced; in female No. 40425 not only is the major
chela considerably reduced but it has the shape of a minor chela
including the form and ornamentation of the fingers.

Range.—West coast of Mexico (A. Milne Edwards); Salvador to
Peru.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 409

Material examined —

SALVADOR.—Acajutla; F. H. Bradley; specimens in P. M. Y. U.;
1 male (16214), from Peabody Museum, Yale University.

Gulf of Fonseca; J. A. McNiel; 1 female (4801, M. C. Z.).

NICARAGUA.—Corinto; 1 female (4802, M. C. Z.).

COSTA RICA.—Puntarenas: January 1907; J. Fid. Tristan; 1
male, 1 female (39104). 1907; P. Biolley; 1 male, 1 female (50497).
Pacific or Estero side; February 1905; J. Fid. Tristan; 4 males, 4
females (1 ovigerous) (32282); “inhabit mangroves.” August 8,
1927; M. Valerio; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (61144). Salinas, at
sea level; July 17, 1928; M. Valerio; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female
(62519).

PANAMA.—Doctor LeConte; 4 specimens (424, M. C. Z.), labeled
by Stimpson. C. F. Davis; 1 male (2238, M. C. Z.). Reefs; Mel-
bourne Ward; 1 male, returned. Panama, Pacific side; 1924; E.
Deichmann: Low tide, rocks; May-July; 1 male (60738). June; 2
males, 2 ovigerous females (60737).

PERU.—Paita; 1873; Doctor W. H. Jones, U. S. N., 1 male
(2239, M. C. Z.). Las Vacas, near Capon; on beach; January 23, 1908;
R. E. Coker; 1 female (40425), 1 female returned to Peruvian Govern-
ment. Chincha Islands; R. C. Murphy; 1 male returned to Brooklyn
Museum.

EURYPANOPEUS OVATUS (Benedict and Rathbun), new combination
Plate 173, Figures 5 and 6; Plate 174, Figure 4.

Panopeus ovatus BENEDIcT and RatusBoun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891,
p. 368, pl. 24, fig. 8 (type-locality, Concepcion Bay, Gulf of California;
type, Cat. No. 15786, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Front not double-edged. Hepatic region deeply de-
limited. Anterior and antero-lateral regions coarsely granulate and
rugose. Lateral margin cut into shallow lobes. Color of propodal
fingers continued on palm.

Description.—Close to E. transversus. Carapace flatter, anterior
and antero-lateral regions coarsely granulate and rugose, gastric
region narrower, surface more uneven, hepatic region more distinctly
outlined, median groove and groove leading back from antennal
notch deep. A groove extends inward from each of the three lateral
notches, the intermediate of these, that is, the one between third and
fourth teeth, longer than the other two. The front is not bimargi-
nate; although bent down and appearing thick, it lacks the regular
line of granules above which distinguishes transversus. A subhepatic
tubercle present. In the chelipeds, the outer surface of the manus
is punctate and nearly smooth, but the upper surface is finely wrinkled.
In old well developed males the major manus is twice as high as the
minor.

In abdomen of male, the terminal segment is shorter and more
arcuate than in transversus.

410 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Measurements —Male (16078), length of carapace 13.4, width of
same 20.4, fronto-orbital width 11, width of front 6 mm.

Habitat—‘‘On beach at low water under stones. In order to
avoid capture when disturbed they splash around and attempt to
bury themselves in the sand before the water clears.” (Jouy.)

Range.—West coast of Mexico, in Gulf of California.
Material exramined.—
Guaymas, inner harbor; February 23, 1891; P. L. Jouy; 6 males,
5 females (16078).
Concepcion Bay, Lower California; March 19, 1889; Albatross;
5 males, 3 females (15786).
EURYPANOPEUS DEPRESSUS (Smith)
Plate 173, Figures 3 and 4
Panopeus depressus Smitu, Proce. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 283
(type-localities, New Haven, Connecticut, and Egmont Key, Florida;
types in Peabody Museum, Yale University); Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish
and Fisheries, pt. 1, for 1871-72 (1873), p. 547 [253], pl. 1, fig. 3—Brnepictr
and Ratuswun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 366, pl. 20, fig. 5;
pl. 23, figs. 4 and 5.

Eurypanopeus depressus A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 320,”

pl. 59, fig. 2.
Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margin deeply cut, forming three (third
to fifth) sharp teeth. Carpus of cheliped with a conical spine-tipped
tooth at inner angle. Color of im-
movable finger prolonged on palm.

ZA ; Fingers of minor chela spooned.
b Description.—Carapace gently con-
as vex, roughened with very fine granules

and innumerable short, unequal,
a transverse lines of coarser granules;
FIGURE 65.—EURYPANOPEUS DEPRESSUS, hepatic and posterior cardiac grooves
MALE, ENLARGED. a. ABDOMEN. 6. MINOR shallow, otherwise the regions are
CHELA. AFTER BENEDICT AND RATHBUN L ? :
plainly marked; mesogastric region
narrowing gradually forward until near the tip where it suddenly
contracts to a deeply impressed line; epigastric lobes low; surface
short pubescent. Front slightly arcuate, with a minute median nick,
not followed by a closed fissure. Inner border of orbit broad and
high, ending in a blunt, acute angle; upper border with two small
V-shaped nicks prolonged in a closed fissure, the inner one twice as
long as the other; outer angle of orbit small, triangular; beneath it a
large V emargination from which the border extends in a concave
line to the broad, triangular tooth at the lower inner angle. Second
tooth of lateral margin of carapace broad, lobiform, united with the
first tooth by a shallow concavity; remaining teeth acute, more or
less spiniform, curved, so that the outer line follows the general
contour of the body; third tooth points obliquely inward, fourth
forward, fifth obliquely outward and forward.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 411

Chelipeds very unequal and dissimilar. The acute, granulate upper
margin of the merus ends distally at the transverse groove with a
small slender spinule. Inner tooth of carpus tipped with a similar
spinule. Height of palm as great as superior length. Major chela
heavy, propodal finger nearly horizontal, both fingers stout, gaping,
an enlarged tooth at base of dactyl. In the minor chela, the fingers
are almost as bulky as the palm, distal half spooned and fitting close
together, proximal half finely denticulate and with a small gape.
Ambulatory legs with a ragged hairiness.

Third segment of male abdomen pointed at ends, sixth segment
narrowing a little toward the fifth, terminal segment triangular with
end rounded.

Color.—Dark olive brown; fingers black or dark brown, the color
of the propodal finger prolonged well back and up on the palm.

Measurements.—Male (18739), length of carapace 15.7, width of
same 22.8, fronto-orbital width 14, width of front 7.3 mm. Male
type, length of carapace 18.6, width 26.8 mm. (Smith.)

Habitat—On muddy and stony shores, oyster beds, wharves and
submerged timber, and in eel-grass; sometimes in brackish water.

Range.—From Massachusetts Bay to Florida (east and west
coasts), to Texas; St. Martin, West Indies; Bermuda.

Material examined.—See table, pages 412 to 416.

EURYPANOPEUS DISSIMILIS (Benedict and Rathbun)
Plate 173, Figures 1 and 2

Panopeus dissimilis BENEDICT and RatusBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14,
1891, p. 366, pl. 20, fig. 4, pl. 23, fig. 1 (type-locality, Trinidad; type, Cat.
No. 15640, U.S.N.M.).
Eurypanopeus dissimilis Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamiaca, vol. 1, 1897, p. 19.
Diagnosis.—Lateral teeth prominent, well separated. Minor
cheliped strikingly small and rough, its fingers spooned. Color of
immovable fingers not spreading upward on palm.
Third abdominal segment of male not fused with
fourth.
Description.—Resembling E. depressus; antero-lateral
notches larger (both deeper and wider), second to fifth
teeth, inclusive, more prominent, second tooth more ee
dentiform, its outer margin nearly longitudinal, third,
fourth, and fifth teeth strongly hooked. Regional
grooves deeper than in depressus. Surface less rugose, Ficure 66.—Evry-
lacking a background of fine granulation. Two trans- fis wan anpo.
verse granulate lines on each protogastric region, eN, ENLARGED.
diverging outwardly; one metagastric line, narrowly {Np Ramen
interrupted at middle, forming a curve with a short
broken line on epibranchial region; further forward a long epi-
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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 417

from fifth lateral tooth; a broken mesobranchial line on the same level
with anterior cardiac border; just behind this border, a short trans-
verse cardiac line on either side; in front of base of last leg a short
granulate ridge. Outer end of front not advanced, neither lobiform
nor dentiform. Supraorbital and suborbital notches larger than in
depressus; inner inferior tooth lower, acute.
_ Chelipeds more unequal than in depressus, the minor palm only
half as high as the major, while in depressus it is two-thirds as high as
the major. Palms coarsely granulate, the minor much more so than
the major, and with two or three longitudinal lines at middle of outer
surface; upper surface of both palms more deeply guttered than in
depressus. Color of propodal finger continued on palm but not
spreading upward. Fingers of minor chela together smaller than the
palm, their distal half spooned, extremities narrower than in depressus,
ridges rough with granulation.

Third segment of male abdomen not fused with the fourth, its
lateral extremities less pointed than in depressus; sixth segment
shorter and broader than in that species.

Measurements.—Of smaller size than depressus. Male paratype
(15640), length of carapace 9.6, width of same 14.3, fronto-orbital
width 9.5, width of front 4.6 mm.

Variation.—Occasionally a major cheliped is reduced so that the
manus is only half again as high as in the minor cheliped, but in
such cases the chela partakes of the character of the minor one in
shape and roughness and the spooning of the fingers.

Range.—From the Gulf of Mexico (west coast of Florida) to Santa
Catharina, Brazil.

Material eramined.—

FLORIDA.—Off Charlotte Harbor; lat. 26° 35’ N.; long. 83° 11’
W.; temperature 66° F.; April 2, 1901; station 7122; Fish Hawk; 2
males (25623).

CUBA.—Manimani River, Bahia Honda, Pinar del Rio; 1924;
Mario Sanchez Roig; 1 female (58666). Mariel, Pinar del Rio; May
10, 1900; Wiliam Palmer and J. H. Riley; 1 male (23830).

JAMAICA.—Montego Bay and Port Henderson; P. W. Jarvis;
“numerous”; specimens returned to sender. Kingston Harbor:
1893, R. P. Bigelow, 25 specimens (17971); May-July, 1896, F. S.
Conant, 2 young (19595).

NICARAGUA.—Salt water lagoon near Greytown; in crevices in
logs; Charles W. Richmond; 2 males, 2 females (18011).

TRINIDAD.—January 30—-February 2, 1884; Albatross; 13 males
(including holotype), 18 females, 17 young (15640). Mono Island;
Albatross; 2 males, 7 females, 6 young (18522).

79856—30——28

418 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

BRAZIL.—Vigia, Griéo Para; 1870; Derby and Powers, Hartt
Explorations; specimensin P.M. Y. U. Sdo Francisco, Santa Catha-
rina; November 1, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (61107).

EURYPANOPEUS CRENATUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas)
Plate 174, Figures 1-3

? Xantho crenatus M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 396 (type-
locality, Peru; type in Paris Mus.).

Panopeus crenatus MILNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1844, p. 16; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 8, fig. 1 (type-locality,
environs de Callao (Chili); type in Paris Mus.).—Brnepict and Ratrusun,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 377, pl. 21, fig. 4; pl. 24, fig. 17.

Eurypanopeus crenatus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 318,
figs. 4—4b.

Eurypanopeus peruvianus A. MinnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 318,
pl. 60, figs. 3-36 (type-locality, Peru; type in Paris Mus.).

Diagnosis.—Carapace very convex, smooth, no rugose lines.
Urogastric region of good length throughout. Front prominent.
Lateral margin cut into shallow lobes. Fingers not gaping; dark
color scarcely continued on palm.

Description.—Carapace very convex, especially antero-posteriorly.
Surface nearly smooth, punctate, microscopically very closely gran-
ulate; no rugosities. Regions indicated by shallow sutures; a large
pit between hepatic and branchial regions; urogastric region longer
than usual, about half as long as wide; a small triangular area de-
limited at inner angle of branchial region. Front advanced, upper
surface concave, edge thick, slightly convex to the shallow outer
lobules, which are rounded off and not at all prominent; median notch
minute ending in a short closed fissure. Supra-orbital notches slight;
exorbital notch large; from the latter the suborbital margin is trans-
verse to the broad arcuate tooth at inner angle. First antero-lateral
(orbital) tooth very small, united with the broad second tooth or
lobe, forming a sinuous margin. Remaining lateral sinuses narrow,
shallow; third and fourth teeth subequal, truncate, the long margin
slightly convex; anterior margin longer and more outstanding in
fourth than in third tooth; a short carina running from apex of
fourth tooth; fifth tooth short, triangular, obtuse, its carina extended
on the carapace further than in fourth tooth.

Inequality of chelipeds not great. Subdistal tooth of merus
rectangular, tip tuberculiform. Carpal groove shallow, inner tooth
broadly pyramidal. Lower margin of propodus slightly sinuous,
finger nearly horizontal, its color scarcely extending on palm, only so
far as is limited by an oblique line from the prehensile edge to lower
margin. Fingers not gaping. Basal tooth of major dactyl broader
than long.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 419

In abdomen of male the third segment is nearly as wide as first and
rounded at ends; sixth broader than long and converging a little
toward fifth; last segment short, subtriangular, tip rounded.

Color —Carapace above deep rose and yellowish white. Chelipeds
deep rose above, whitish yellow below, fingers light brown. Legs
slightly tinged with rose above, yellowish white below; dactyls a light
ashen gray. (Milne Edwards and Lucas.)

Male (60731) almost seal brown, fingers burnt umber fading out to
whitish tips, chelae more hazel. Female (60731) more bay color on
carapace, single chela tawny, fingers a bit lighter, tips still lighter.
In male and female the part of the abdomen visible from above has a
row of white spots down the median line, the first one on the hind
edge of the carapace, abdomen mottled whitish bistre. (Schmitt.)

Comparison with E. transversus.—Carapace less oval, more hexagonal,
and devoid of the fine transverse rugae present on the anterior half
in transversus. Front more advanced beyond inner orbital angles,
submedian lobes straight instead of convex, outer lobe narrower.
Outer orbital angle small, pointed, and distinguishable from the
second antero-lateral lobe, not completely fused with it. Transverse
ridge on fifth lateral tooth high. Postero-lateral margins a little
more concave. In the full grown male the fingers of the major
cheliped gape very little, less than in transversus, and are more elon-
gate, the dactylus less arched and the propodal finger more deflexed.

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (16213), length of carapace 15,
width of same 22, fronto-orbital width 11, width of front6mm. Male
(2245,M. C. Z.), length of carapace 24.3, width of same 35.6, fronto-
orbital width 15.8 mm., width of front 9.3 mm.

Range.“—Puna, Ecuador (Cano), to Magellan Strait.

Material examined.—

PERU.—2 males, 1 female (Paris Mus.), labeled ‘“‘peruvianus,”’
probably cotypes. Callao; F. H. Bradley; 1 male, 2 females (1 ovi-
gerous) (16213), from P.M. Y. U. Callao; 1 male, 2 females (4803,
M. C. Z.). Callao; specimen in Brit. Mus. ‘Chili’; 1 male (Paris
Mus.), probably type of Panopeus crenatus. Off San Lorenzo Island,
Callao Bay; dredged; November 7, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 1
female, both small (60731); also 2 young, representing a postlarval
stage (62715); identification probably correct. Paracas Bay; Hassler
Exped.; 3 males, 4 females (2245, M. C. Z.).

CHILE.—Valparaiso; J. D. Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped.; 1 male, 1
female (1924, M. C. Z.). 1872; Hassler Exped.: Caldera, May 16,
5 males, 3 females (2 ovigerous) (2246, M. C. Z.); Talcahuano,
Apr., 4 males, 6 females, 2 young (2244, M. C. Z.): Juan Fernandez
Ids., May 1, 1 male (2247, M. C. Z.); Port Gallant, Magellan Strait,
Mar., 1 male (2313, M. C. Z.).

49 The locality, Esquimalt Harbour, B. C., assigned to this species by Spence Bate is erroneous (Lord’s
A Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, vol. 2, 1866, p. 270).

420 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

EURYPANOPEUS PLANUS (Smith)
Plate 175, Figures 3-5

Panopeus planus Smiru, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 283 (type-

locality, Bay of Panama; cotypes in P. M. Y. U.)—Brnepicr and Ratrusun,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 369, pl. 24, figs. 10 and 11.

Eurypanopeus planus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 321, pl. 59,
fig. 4—4c.

Diagnosis.—Carapace depressed, rugose. Lateral teeth truncate:

(save the last), well separated. Front prominent. Chelipeds heavy,

carpus nearly smooth, fingers gaping, color of immovable finger con-

tinued on palm.

Description.—Carapace slightly convex in an antero-posterior

direction, in general depressed; anterior and antero-lateral portion
roughly granulate and rugose; posterior and
middle portion nearly smooth, punctate;
gastric and hepatic regions well delimited.
Front produced, a narrow median V cut,
lobes deeply sinuous forming a pronounced
outer lobule. Two closed supraorbital fis-
FicuRE. 67.Evurypanorevs SUres deeply impressed ; outer sinus broad and
PLaNus, Bay or Panama, shallow. Lateral emarginations V-shaped,
Cae inn dina continued by a groove on carapace. Coa-
lesced tooth (first and second) also third and
fourth subtruncate; orbital angle a little more than a right angle;
other angles obtuse, rounded; fifth tooth triangular, tip blunt.

Chelipeds heavy; carpus lacking groove, or with a faint one, inner
tooth slightly marked, scarcely dentiform; palms higher than superior
length in the full grown; lower margin of manus convex, upper margin
also convex, but highest at base of dactylus; propodal finger high at
base, lower margin sinuous, tip curved upward, color continued well
back on palm; dactylus slender, arched, a large backward-pointing
basal tooth in major chela.

Color —Ranges from indigo blue and slate, really more slate color,
to sepia and seal brown; all are variously mottled with lighter speckles
of. pearl blu: or olive buff as crabs are bluish or brownish. In blue
backed crabs the lower half of outer face of chela is purplish or between
a hyacinth blue and royal purple tinge; in brown or drab crabs this
part of the chela is porcelain white with a china-blue tinge. A small
specimen, 10.3 mm. wide, is mottled porcelain white, ochraceous and
mummy brown, legs speckled with wood brown; major hand porcelain
white, fingers black or clove brown except extreme tips; minor hand
black or clove brown speckled giving it a grayish color, speckles most
numerous toward upper margin. (Schmitt.)

Measurements —Male (44188), length of carapace 17.3, width of

same 27.3, fronto-orbital width 12.8, width of front 7.1 mm.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 421

Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador. .

Material examined.—San Carlos Bay, Sonora, Mexico; March 9,
1921; Fred Baker; 1 male (Cal. Acad. Sci.).

Bay of Panama; F. H. Bradley; cotypes in Peabody Museum; 1
male, 1 female, cotypes, Cat. No. 16215, U.S. N. M.

Panama; 1924; E. Deichmann: Panama Harbor; low tide, lava;
May 30; 1 male (60734). Pacific shore of Panama; low tide, rocks;
May-July; 2 males (60735).

Taboga Island, Bay of Panama; May 11-15, 1911; Meek and
Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey; 1 male, 1 female (Cat.
No. 44188, U.S. N. M.); 1 female (Field Mus.).

South side Point Santa Elena, Ecuador; September 17, 1926; W. L.
Schmitt; 1 female, 1 young (60736).

Salinas, Ecuador; under rocks; September 12-15, 1926; W. L.
Schmitt; 60 males, 74 females (83 ovigerous) (60873-60875, 60920).

EURYPANOPEUS PLANISSIMUS (Stimpson)
Plate 175, Figures 1, 2, and 6

Xantho planissima Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 205
[77] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in M. C. Z.).

Panopeus planissimus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 108.—Brnepict and RatuBvun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 370,
pl. 21, text-fig. 5, pl. 24, figs. 1 and 2.

Eurypanopeus planissimus A. M1tNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 322.

Diagnosis.—Carapace flat, nearly smooth. Chelipeds heavy;
carpus with two grooves at right angles; color of immovable finger
squared off at proximal end where it encroaches on palm.

Description.—Carapace perfectly flat above, posterior two-thirds
smooth, anterior third finely granulate, slightly rugose. Regions
moderately well defined but not themselves areolated excepting the
gastric in its anterior part. Front arcuate up to the small distinct
outer lobules, median notch small; edge thick. Outer orbital tooth
small, triangular, separated by a shallow sinus from the second lateral
tooth; remaining emarginations V-shaped; third tooth obtusely
angled, fourth and fifth subacute. Subhepatic tubercle large, sub-
laminar.

Chelipeds massive; carpus with a tuberculiform inner tooth and a
groove subparallel to the distal margin; the groove widens out-
wardly; on its proximal margin near the inner end there are two
tubercles separated from each other by a short groove at right angles
with the first. Manus high, height exceeding length of upper margin,
surface punctate and finely granulate; a row of dimples on outer
surface below upper edge. Immovable finger broad at base where
there are two large prehensile teeth in a line parallel with lower
margin; color continued backward in a rectangular patch on palm
where it ends in a vertical line and is not continued upward to the

422 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Snterdigital smus. On major dactyl a strong basal tooth and a large
tooth at distal third, projecting into the gape. Fingers hooked at
tips, not gaping in minor chela.

Color.—Very dark bluish gray, marbled posteriorly; fingers black
with light tips. (Stimpson).

Measurements —Male (50966), length of carapace 8.4, width of
same 13.4, fronto-orbital with 7.8, width of front 4 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico.

Maternal examined.—

WEST COAST OF GULF OF CALIFORNIA.—Agua Verde Bay;
April 1, 1911; Albatross; 1 male (50966).

San Francisquito Bay; beach; April 9, 1911; Albatross; 4 males
(Amer. Mus.).

La Paz: L. Belding; 2 males, 2 females (4629). La Paz Harbor; |
March 12, 1889; Albatross; 1 female (16025).

Cape San Lucas; John Xantus; 2 males, 4 females (1 ovigerous),
cotypes (1253, M. C. Z.).

BELOW GULF OF CALIFORNIA.—Maria Madre Island; March-
May, 1927; from Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, through’A. L.
Herrera; 1 ovigerous female (60733).

Genus EURYTIUM Stimpson

Eurytium Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 56 [10];
type, H. limosum (Say).

Carapace very broad, convex, regions slightly marked, without
transverse raised lines. Antero-lateral borders regularly arcuate,
shorter than postero-lateral, cut into five shallow teeth, the second
tooth rounded and intimately fused with first. Fronto-orbital
border half or a little more than half the width of carapace. Front
from a fourth to almost a third the width of carapace. Front de-
flexed, two rounded lobes separated by a V-shaped notch. Superior
margin of orbit with two short and inconspicuous fissures; lower
margin with a deep rounded sinus outside, and two unequal lobes.
Basal antennal segment broad and in contact with front; the flagellum
stands in the orbital hiatus. The ridge on the endostome which
defines the efferent branchial channel is well marked, and continues
to margin of epistome. Chelipeds massive and rounded, unequal in
both sexes. Abdomen in male with third to fifth segments fused.

Related to Panopeus and its allies, but distinguished by its oval
and almost smooth carapace, without ridges, and by its strong palatal
ridge.

Along the Atlantic coast of America from New York to the State of
Sao Paulo, Brazil; on the Pacific coast from Mexico to Peru. Ber-
mudas.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 493
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EURYTIUM

A!, Carapace very convex.

B!. Carapace widest behind tips of teeth of last pair-—-_--- limosum, p. 423.
B?. Carapace widest at tips of teeth of last pair__-_------ tristani, p. 425.
A2. Carapace nearly flat. Carapace widest at tips of teeth of last pair
SB BOIS AES ISSN A ts DO a CAEN a TR RD A ete affine, p. 425.
ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
limosum tristant

EURYTIUM LIMOSUM (Say)
Plate 176, Figures 1 and 2

Cancer limosa Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 446
(type-locality, ‘‘Inhabits shores of the northern states;” type not extant).

Panopeus limosus M1tnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 404.

Eurytium limosum Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p.
56 [10]—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 332, pl. 60,
fig. 2, 2a.

Diagnosis —Carapace very convex, widest behind tips of teeth of
last pair. Frontal lobes undivided. Sinus between coalesced teeth
shallow.

Description.—Carapace very convex in an antero-posterior direc-.
tion; surface smooth to eye, but under the lens densely granulate, the
granules coarser near frontal and antero-lateral margins; two feeble
epigastric lobes; mesogastric and cardiac regions outlined. Front
one-fourth the width of carapace. Antero-lateral margin about two-
thirds the length of postero-lateral, bordered by a raised line of
granules; first tooth small, triangular; second lobiform, separated
from first by a shallow sinus; third obtuse, fourth subacute, both with
arcuate outer margin; fifth more prominent, acute, pointing forward.

Granulation of chelipeds fine and reticulate; upper margin of merus
coarsely tuberculate, a strong subdistal tooth; no groove on carpus, a
narrow inner spine; fingers pointed, deflexed, a large basal tooth on
major dactyl; color of immovable fingers stopping short of palm.

Color—Carapace a brilliant purplish blue; wrist and hand bluish;
fingers white except proximal upper half of movable finger pink; lower
portion of chelipeds and also carpal tooth orange-yellow.

Measurements —Male (44184), length of carapace 26.6, width of
same 42.8, fronto-orbital width 21.5, width of front 10 mm.

Habitat—In muddy or marshy banks, a little below high-tide mark,
in burrows partially filled with water.

Range.—New York (De Kay) to State of Séo Paulo, Brazil; Baha-
mas; Bermudas.

Material examined.—

NEW JERSEY.—Thomas Say collector; 2 males (Phila. Acad.).
The larger one is 45 mm. wide, while Say’s measured type was 33.8
mm. wide.

424 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

SOUTH CAROLINA.—West end of Port Royal Island; January
27, 1891; Fish Hawk; 25 specimens (16028).

BAHAMAS.—Watling Island; 1886; Albatross; 1 male (16332).

FLORIDA.—Key West: High tide among stones or burrowing in
sand; 1885; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 2 females (13824). 1885; Albatross;
1 male (9899).

Tortugas: Greater heads up Reef; in stomach of gray snapper,
Neomaenis griseus (Linnaeus); June 13, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1
cheliped (61108), received from Carnegie Institution.

Sarasota Bay; Union College collection ; 5 specimens (42793).

LOUISIANA.—Grand Isle; July 7, 1928; E. H. Behre; 1 female
(63040).

CUBA.—Los Arroyas; May 20, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch,
Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 male (48552).

Cardenas; 1923; Francisco R. Sosa; 1 male, 1 female (58389).

Bay at Matanzas; under stones between tides; April, 1927; Mel-
bourne Ward; 1 male; returned.

JAMAICA.—Montego Bay; P. W. Jarvis; 1 male, 1 female (19067).

Kingston Harbor; May to July, 1896; F. S. Conant; 1 young female
(19594). -
~ PORTO RICO.—Ensenada Honda, Culebra; February 9, 1899;
Fish Hawk; 1 male, 1 female (24336).

BRITISH HONDURAS.—Belize; H. J. Huwe, S. J.; 1 male
(50951). ;

PANAMA.—Toro Point, Canal Zone; January 24, 1912; Meek and
Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey; 1 young female (59301).

Colon; on coral reef; May 2, 1911; Meek and Hildebrand; 1 male
(44184).

CURACAO.—February 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female
(7579).

BRAZIL.—Maranh4o; Lieut. F. E. Sawyer, U. S. Navy; 1 male
(16276).

Plataforma, Bahia; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations;
1 male, 1 female (16263).

Ilhéos, Bahia; 1919; E. Garbe; 1 female; lent by Mus. Paulista
(1225, part).

Bay of Rio de Janeiro; 1925; W. L. Schmitt: Paqueta; station 1;
August 19; 1 male (59882). River on Ilha Governador; August 27°
1 ‘female (59881).

Santos: Piassaguera; November, 1913; H. Luederwaldt; 2 males
(47838). Between Canals 4 and 5, Estuario; September 13, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 5 males, 6 females (59880).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 425
EURYTIUM TRISTANI Rathbun
Plate 176, Figure 3; Plate 177, Figure 3

Eurytium tristani RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 19, 1906, p. 100
(type-locality, Boca del Jestis Maria, Costa Rica; type, Cat. No. 32366,
U.S. N. M.): Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 543, pl. 47, fig. 1.

Diagnosis —Carapace very convex, widest at tips of teeth of last
pair. Frontal lobes each with a slightly marked truncate outer
lobule. Sinus between coalesced teeth pronounced.

Description.—Carapace widest between tips of lateral teeth of last
pair; slightly convex from side to side, strongly convex from front to
back, but less so than in £. limosum. Cardiac region and gastric
region and its subdivisions well delimited. Surface finely granulate.
Front one-fourth or, in the old, less than one-fourth as wide as carapace,
bilobed, each lobe convex except for a slightly marked transverse
outer tooth. Two distinct notches in upper border of orbit. Lateral
teeth more prominent, less shallow than in £. limosum; first tooth
blunt, partly fused with the second tooth, which is lobiform, nearly as
advanced as the first and usually larger; anterior margin of fourth
and fifth teeth concave; posterior margin of third, fourth and fifth
teeth convex; that of fifth tooth sloping backward and inward.
Lower teeth of orbit strongly projecting, the outer one a rounded lobe.

Chelipeds and legs as in FE. limosum.

Color.—Upper surface of chelipeds violet, of movable finger red.

Measurements.—Holotype male, length of carapace 18, width of
same 28.2, fronto-orbital width 15.5, width of front 7 mm. Male
(40418), length of carapace 34, width of same 51.6.

Habitat.—All the specimens [in Costa Rica] were found in rotten
mangroves, hidden in fine mud. (Tristan.)

Range.—From Costa Rica to Peru.

Material examined.—

COSTA RICA.—Punta Arenas; February, 1907; P. Biolley col-
lector; 1 female (39093), from J. Fid. Tristan.

Boca del Jestis Maria; P. Biolley and J. Fid. Tristan collectors: 1
male, holotype (32366), from J. Fid. Tristan. January, 1906; 1 male
(82492), from Costa Rica National Museum.

PANAMA.—Canal Zone; 1911; Smithsonian Biological Survey:
Corozal; April 20-21; 1 male (Field Mus.). Balboa; tide water;
May 5; 1 male (44183).

PERU.—Salto (near Capon); January 31; R. E. Coker; 1 male
(40418), received from Peruvian Government; 1 female (Peru Govt.).

EURYTIUM AFFINE (Streets and Kingsley)
Plate 177, Figures 1 and 2

Panopeus transversus LockINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 102; not P. transversus Stimpson, 1860 (San Bartolomé, Magdalena and
Santa Maria Bays, and La Paz, all in Lower California).

426 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Panopeus affinis StREETS and Kinesuey, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 1877, p. 106
(type-locality not designated, but is one of Lockington’s localities).

Eurytium affine A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 334, pl. 60,
fig. 1-lc.

Diagnosis.—Carapace slightly convex, widest at tips of teeth of
last pair. Frontal lobes each with a slightly marked truncate outer
lobule. Sinus between coalesced teeth very shallow.

Description —Carapace slightly convex, granulate along front and
antero-lateral margins, especially on hepatic regions. Front with
lobes subtruncate, outer angles forming an obscure truncate lobule.
Lateral teeth shallow; outer angle of orbit subacute, separated from
next lateral tooth by a scarcely perceptible sinus, third tooth oblong,
truncate, fourth tooth broadly triangular, fifth most prominent later-
ally, acute. Teeth of lower margin of orbit narrow, subequal, tri-
angular, the inner one most advanced. A large tooth at base of
dactyl of larger chela. Legs sparsely long-hairy.

Measurements.—Male (50484), length of carapace 14.7, width of
same 22, fronto-orbital width 12.6, width of front 6.4 mm.

Range.—Mexico: West coast of Lower California and Gulf of Cali-
fornia. Ecuador (?).

Material examined.—Magdalena Bay; C. R. Orcutt: September,
1918; 1 ovigerous female (54465). 1917; 1 male, 1 female (50638).

Turtle Bay; August 1, 1896; A. W. Anthony; 12 males, 2 females
(19516).

Pichilinque Bay; Albatross: April 29, 1888; 1 male, 1 female (22013).
3 males, 1 female (50484).

Puerto Refugio, Angel Island; March 29, 1889; Albatross; 1 male
(16026).

San Luis Gonzales Bay; March 27, 1889; Albatross; 3 males,
1 female (16027).

Guaymas, gulf side; under stones, scarce; February 27, 1891; P. L.
Jouy; 3 males, 1 feniale (16079).

Genus MICROPANOPE Stimpson

Micropanope Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 139; type, M.
sculptipes Stimpson.

Carapace of moderate width, slightly convex, regions usually lightly
indicated, commonly granulous or spinulous toward frontal and
antero-lateral borders. Antero-lateral borders arcuate, shorter than
postero-lateral, armed usually with five teeth or spines, of which the
last is much reduced and the second also reduced or altogether want-
ing. Postero-lateral borders moderately converging. Fronto-orbital
width great, usually three-fourths or more than three-fourths width
of carapace and front more than one-third width of carapace. Front
bilobed, outer angle rectangular, blunt, and situated below and in
advance of upper inner angle of orbit. Upper orbital margin with

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 427

two small open notches and an intermediate lobe; inferior margin with
a large outer notch; inner tooth prominent. Inner orbital hiatus
wide; basal article of antennae not reaching, or barely reaching, pro-
longation from front. Endostome usually marked by a slight ridge
on either side which does not extend to the anterior margin. Cheli-
peds unequal in both sexes, and usually roughened by sharp granules
orspinules. Fingers pointed. Legs slender, usually spinulous above.
Abdomen of male with third to fifth segments fused.

Small species, ranging from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape
Frio, Brazil; Bermudas; from Santa Monica, California, to the Gala-
pagos Islands; Hawaiian Islands. To a depth of 250 fathoms.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROPANOPE

A!. Last lateral tooth of carapace obsolescent.
B'. General appearance of carapace smooth.
C'. Color of immovable finger continued on palm. Wrists rough
areolata, p. 450.
C2. Color of immovable finger not continued on palm. Wrists nearly
F550 0 COYOF] OV Se hen PERN (BUA MER uae oes Sea ye eye nitida, p. 448.
B?. Carapace uneven or rough or both.
Cl. Carapace deeply areolated all over. Legs unarmed. Chelae high
and heavy, Glyptoplaz-like______..._.----------- pusilla, p. 431.
C?. Carapace areolated and rough anteriorly. Legs spinulous.
D!. Second lateral tooth small but distinct. Anterior carapace and
Wrists finely granulate: 420 ee lobifrons, p. 429.
D?. Second lateral tooth fused with the first and scarcely distin-
guishable. Anterior carapace and wrists deeply eroded.
sculptipes, p. 428.
A’. Last lateral tooth of carapace small but easily discernible.
B'. Color of immovable finger continued on palm.
C!. Submedian lobes of front triangular, prominent. Chelae heavy.
Palms with a blunt crest above___________--- cristimanus, p. 454.
@., Wrontal-lobesistraight..29. 2a 4 rron. .iilenole ary latimanus, p. 433.
B?. Color of immovable finger not continued on palm.
C!. Palms mostly smooth.
D!'. Lateral projections dentiform.
E!. No tooth at outer angles of front. Cardiac region granu-

late., * Chelae: similar 0-3. aa lata, p. 441.

E?. A small tooth at outer angles of front. Cardiac region
smooth!!! ‘Chelae dissimilar’ 220. 922420202 polita, p. 440.

D*. Lateral projections spiniform=-2>__ .- === spinipes, p. 443.

C?. Palms entirely or mostly rough.
D!. Granulation of carapace mostly in lines. Chelipeds coarsely

granulate.
E!. No notches in upper margin of orbit. Palms without
longitudinal grooves___.-_-.------- granulimanus, p. 439.

E?, Two notches in upper margin of orbit. Palms with three
longitudinal grooves on upper-outer surface.

F!, Granulation of carapace fine, squamose; transverse

lines slightlysmarkeds 222) 2252-2 xantusil, p. 438.

50 As this species was founded on a single specimen, the similarity in chelae may be abnormal.

428 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

F’. Granulation of carapace coarse, pearl-like; transverse

lines strong_____----- xantusii taboguillensis, p. 439.
D?. Granulation of carapace not in lines to any great extent.
E!, Second lateral tooth absent, or fused with the first or orbital
tooth. Palms rough with large bead granules.
nuttingi, p. 450..
E?, Second lateral tooth or spine present.
F!, Lateral projections spinous.
G'. Outer surface of major palm rough all over.
Chelipeds and legs long-haired_ _urinator, p. 451.
G?. Outer surface of major palm partly rough. Cheli-
° peds and legs inconspicuously hairy.
barbadensis, p. 446.
F°. Lateral projections dentiform.

G!. Frontal lobes arcuate. Granulation of carapace:

and chelipeds rough, not beadlike.
xanthiformis, p. 442.
G2. Frontal lobes truncate. The entire carapace,
chelipeds and legs covered with bead granules.
truncatifrons, p. 433.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF MICROPANOPE ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
granulimanus polita
truncatifrons xantusit
zanthiformis lata

MICROPANOPE SCULPTIPES Stimpson
Plate 178, Figures 1-3
Micropanope sculptipes Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p.140

(type-localities, at seven hauls in the Florida Keys, 15-68 fathoms; types.

not extant).

Micropanope pugilator A. M1tnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 326, pl.
54, fig. 1-le (type-locality, northwest of Tortugas, lat. 25° 33’ N., long.
84° 21’ W., 101 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8,

1880, p. 14, (not station 132 which is M. lobifrons) —A. Miunze Epwarps.

and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 326.

Diagnosis.—Chelipeds and anterior half of carapace rough. Mar-
gins of legs spinulous. Second lateral tooth almost indistinguishable.

A subhepatic tubercle present. A thin laminate crest above dactyls.

of chelipeds.
Description.—Carapace naked, distinctly areolated; anterior and
antero-lateral areolets somewhat roughened in front with small, sharp,

tooth-like tubercles which are partly disposed in lines. Antero-

lateral teeth sharp and denticulate, the posterior one nearly obsolete,.
the first and second almost entirely fused, the second represented by

a denticle. Frontal lobes abruptly deflexed, little projecting, but.

with a convex outline; margin thin, minutely crenulate and defined
by a slight furrow following it above. A small tubercle on the sub-
hepatic region beneath the second antero-lateral tooth.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 429

Chelipeds granulate above carpus with the granules arranged more
or less in raised reticulating rugae, and with a sharp tooth and denti-
culate margin within; hand with a double denticulate crest above
and with the minute granules of the outer surface showing a tendency
to arrangement in rows; these granules become obsolete on the distal
lower half of the major chela; upper part of inner surface granulate;
fingers grooved, more deeply so in the minor chela; a thin superior
crest on the dactyls. Ambulatory legs armed with minute spines
above, which form two rows on the carpus. Merus of hind leg when
appressed, reaching to the fifth or posterior tooth of the lateral margin
of the carapace.

Measurements.—Male (20719), length of carapace 4.2, width 6,
fronto-orbital width 4.6, width of front 2.4 mm.

Range.—From South Carolina to the Gulf coast of Florida; 15 to
101 fathoms. St. Croix, Grenada and Barbados, 69 to 170 fathoms
{A. Milne Edwards).

Material examined.—See table, page 430.

MICROPANOPE LOBIFRONS A. Milne Edwards
Plate 178, Figures 4-6

‘Micropanope lobifrons A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 327,
pl. 53, fig. 3 and 3a (type-locality, off Montserrat, 88 fathoms; type in
Paris Mus.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 14 (Grenada, 170
fathoms; Barbados, 94 fathoms).—Ratusun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for
1900, vol. 20, part 2, 1901, p. 32—A. Mitnge Epwarps and Bovvirer,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 325, pl. 5, figs. 3 and 4.

Diagnosis —Carapace and chelipeds partly rough. Five lateral
teeth, two small, two large, one very small. A transverse ridge be-
hind front. No subhepatic tubercle.

Description.—Carapace in large part smooth; fine granulation on
‘gastric, hepatic, and epibranchial lobes. Regions fairly well indicated.
Lobes of front arcuate, most produced at the inner two-fifths; a
transverse granulated ridge marks the upper border. Five antero-
lateral teeth; the orbital tooth little produced; second tooth equally
small, obtuse; third and fourth subequal, sharp-pointed; fifth minute.
Subhepatic tubercle obsolete or obsolescent.

Chelipeds covered with small, pointed granules; those of carpus
not forming reticulating rugae. Two inner carpal spines, one below
the other. Upper surface of palm bicristate; in the major chela the
granules of the outer surface become smaller distally and disappear.
Fingers deeply grooved. Minor palm elongate. Legs spinulous on
margins; hind pair when appressed, reaching fourth tooth of lateral
margin of carapace.

Terminal half of male abdomen narrow.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

430

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 431

Measurements—Male (58014), length of carapace 4.4, width of
same 6.3, fronto-orbital width 4.7, width of front 2.6 mm. Width
of ovigerous female, Barbados, 61 mm. (Bouvier).

Range.—Florida; West Indies; Panama. 20-170 fathoms.

Material exramined.—See table, page 432.

MICROPANOPE PUSILLA A. Milne Edwards
Plate 179, Figures 7 and 8

Micropanope pusilla A. M1unE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 327, pl. 54,
figs. 4-4b (type-locality, near the west coast of Florida, 17 fathoms; type
in M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 14 (Florida Strait, 36
fathoms).

Glyptoplax pusilla RaTHBUN, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 2, 1899, p. 628; Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1901, p. 33.—A. Ming Epwarps
and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1928, p. 328.

Diagnosis —Chelipeds and carapace nearly smooth to naked eye.
Legs unarmed. Four lateral teeth distinguishable. No subhepatic
tubercle.

Description —Carapace narrow, covered on the prominent parts
with numerous fine, regular granulations. Lobules indicated by
deeper furrows, and lobules of branchial and cardiac regions more
apparent, than in sculptipes. Behind the outer angle of the orbit
there are two triangular and slightly projecting teeth and a small
tubercle which replaces the last tooth; the second normal tooth is
merged with the first. Front wide, appearing almost straight as seen
from above but really bent down, in the old almost vertically, the
two lobes deep toward the median sinus but becoming shallow toward
the orbits; surface of front more coarsely granulate than rest of
carapace.

Chelipeds finely granulate; carpus uneven, distal furrow deep;
chelae unlike, not very unequal; both palms high, upper surface
broad, its outer border slight, inner border cristate, but not lobate,
at proximal end. Fingers meeting, tips crossing, those of major
chela irregularly dentate throughout, dactyl with large basal tooth;
fingers of minor chela longer and narrower, more deflexed, very
finely denticulate especially the dactylus, which is of rather even
width down to its middle, whence it diminishes to the tip. A finely
eranulate ridge just above lower margin of each propodal finger is
continued a ways on palm; a similar ridge on upper margin of dactyls.
Fingers usually light brown in alcohol, sometimes nearly white.
Ambulatory legs slender and smooth.

Abdomen of male short and wide; third segment at its base covering
the sternum; sixth segment nearly twice as wide as long, seventh
segment equally short, margin broadly arcuate.

Measurements —Male (19802), length of carapace 4.2, width of
same 5.6, fronto-orbital width 4.4, width of front 2.4 mm.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

432

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 433

Range.—From Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico to St. Thomas,
Virgin Islands.
Material examined.—See table, pages 434-435

MICROPANOPE LATIMANUS Stimpson

Micropanope latimana Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 107 [17] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant) —A. MILNE
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 329.*!

Xanthodes latimanus Locxtneton, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 31 [4] (type-locality, San Diego; type not extant).

Xantho latimanus Locxtneton, Proce. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),

LOE TA:

? hades : angustus LocKINGTON, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 100 [6] (type-localities, Magdalena Bay, L. Cal.; Mulege Bay, Port
Escondido and San Jose Island, Gulf of Cal.; types not extant).

Diagnosis—Margin of frontal lobes straight. Palms broader than
long. Black of propodal finger continued one-third the way along
palm.

Description (after Stimpson).—Carapace moderately convex, naked,
smooth and polished, except toward the anterior and antero-lateral
margins, where it is somewhat granulated. Front rather broad and
little projecting, lobes with straight margins. Subhepatic region
minutely granulated. Chelipeds large and angular; palms broader
than long, smooth and polished, strongly protuberant at the postero-
inferior angle; fingers nearly as long as palm, deflexed and black,
the black of the propodal finger extending on the palm for one-third
its length. Chelae unequal, the fingers of the smaller one longer and
more deflexed than those of the greater one, which gives the hand a
more angular form and a deeply concave inferior outline. Ambula-
tory feet slender, smooth and sparsely hairy.

Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 7.1 mm. (0.28 inch),
width of same 9.7 mm. (0.38 inch).

Range.—San Diego, California, to Cape St. Lucas, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico.

MICROPANOPE TRUNCATIFRONS Rathbun
Plate 178, Figures 7 and 8

Micropanope truncatifrons RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,
vol. 4, 1898, p. 274, pl. 4, fig. 2 (type-locality, off Havana, 194 fathoms, sta-
tion 2326, Albatross; type, Cat. No. 9497, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis ——Carapace and chelipeds coarsely granulate. Frontal
lobes truncate, transverse. Five lateral teeth. No subhepatic
tubercle. Legs slender.

Description —Carapace moderately convex, antero-lateral teeth
horizontal. Surface granulate, granules large and conspicuous ante-
riorly, diminishing toward posterior margin. Regions well defined;

51 A. Milne Edwards suggests the possibility of this species being equivalent to Glyptoplar pugnar Smith.
79856—30——29

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

434

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436 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

interregional furrows smooth. On each epigastric region a short
oblique ridge, a longer ridge on the hepatic region, a transversely
arcuate elevation on epibranchial region. Outer orbital tooth very
small, well separated from second lateral tooth which is small and
tuberculiform; third to fifth teeth dentiform, third directed forward,
fourth and fifth outward, fifth smaller than the two preceding; margin
of teeth denticulate. Front truncate; lobes slightly sinuous, margin
thin, finely crenulate; a transverse row of coarse granules behind
and above margin giving the front the appearance of having a double
edge. Orbital margin granulate; two superior fissures little marked,
terminating in small emarginations; lower margin with two subequal
teeth and a broad outer V-shaped fissure. Lower surface of carapace
eranulate.

FIGURE 68.—MICROPANOPE TRUNCATIFRONS, FEMALE, HOLOTYPE, DORSAL VIEW, X 3.2

Chelipeds unequal in female, coarsely granulate. Arm short and
broad, triangulate, armed with rather sharp granules, larger on
margins. Granules of wrist in irregular masses and ridges; two inner
spines, the infero-posterior the smaller. Hand with superior groove
and double crest; outer granules diminish in size below, inner granules
very large near upper margin, diminishing toward lower and distal
margins. Fingers brown, deeply grooved, finely granulate, not gap-
ing when closed; dactylus of larger hand with large basal tooth.
Legs very slender, granulate; merus armed with small spines above,
carpus and propodus with spinules.

Measurements —Female holotype, length of carapace 7, width of
same 10.4, fronto-orbital width 6.5, width of front 3.5 mm.

Range.—Off Havana and Yucatan; 130 to 194 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table, p. 437.

437

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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438 BULLETIN 152 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

MICROPANOPE XANTUSII (Stimpson), new combination
Plate 179, Figures 1-4.

Xanthodes xantusii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 105 [15] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).

Pilumnus beebet Boonn, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 219, text-fig. 80 (type-
locality, off Hood Island, Galapagos, station 54; cotypes in Mus. New York
Zool. Soce.).

Diagnosis—Granulation of carapace mostly in lines. Frontal
lobes oblique. Five lateral teeth. Chelipeds coarsely granulate.
Three grooves on outer-upper surface of palm.

Description —Carapace smooth on its middle and posterior por-
tions but in front areolated and roughened with somewhat squami-
form granules and slight transverse crenulated ridges. Antero-
lateral margin armed with four teeth not including the angle of the
orbit between which and the next tooth there is a nearly straight,
granulate interspace. Front little projecting, bordered by a thin
lamella; median emargination a large V; outline of lobes concave,
forming a lobule on either side, the outer one smaller than the inner;
margin finely crenulate, an irregular line of fine granules close to the
edge, and further back a transverse line of coarse granules. Orbital
fissures little marked, ending in small emarginations separated by a
slightly convex edge; outer incision broad, V-shaped, followed by a
large tooth similar to that at the inner angle. Subhepatic region
irregularly granulate, with one granule or cluster more prominent.
Basal article of antennae short, scarcely reaching front.

Wrist and hand strongly granulate, with large and small granules,
on the whole outer surface. Carpus with a deep sulcus near and
parallel to the outer-distal margin; a rectangular inner angle and a
stout spinule below it. Hand with three longitudinal sulci, one on the
upper, and two on the outer surface. Smaller cheliped sparsely
short-setose. Legs setose and roughened above with stout spinules
on the merus and minute spinules and granules on the succeeding
articles.

Measurements—Male type, length of carapace 6.35 mm. (.25 inch),
width of same 8.9 mm. (0.35 inch). Male, length of carapace 6.6
mm., width of same 9, fronto-orbital width 5.4, width of front 2.8
mm.

{") Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Maria Madre Island,

Mexico; Galapagos Islands.

Material examined.—Maria Madre Island, Mexico: March—May,
1927; Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, through A. L. Herrera;
1¥male (60785). E. part of bay; 5-8 meters; May 17, 1925; F.
Contreras; 3 females (62704), 1 male, 4 females (1 ovigerous), returned
to California Acad. Sci.

Clarion Island, Mexico; Hanna and Jordan; 1 female; returned to
California Acad. Sci.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 439

Off Hood Island, Galapagos Islands, 15 feet, William Beebe by
diving at station 54, Arcturus; 3 males, 1 female, cotypes (Mus.
New York Zool. Soc.).

MICROPANOPE XANTUSI TABOGUILLENSIS Rathbun
Plate 179, Figures 5 and 6

Micropanope taboguillensis RatHBuN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907,
p. 69, pl. 1, fig. 8; pl. 7, figs. 3, 3a (type-locality, Taboguilla Island, Panama;
type, Cat. No. 32859, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Differs from typical zantusit in the granules of cara-
pace and chelipeds which are pearl-like rather than squamiform, and
larger and fewer in each
row, making a rougher
and more ornate surface.
Interspace behind outer
orbital tooth less well
defined.

Measurements.— Male
holotype, length of cara-
pace 7, width of same
10, fronto-orbital width
5.7, width of front 3 mm. 0

Material examined.— F!S08= 69.—MICROPANOPE XANTUSI! TABOGUILLENSIS, MALE,

Taboguilla Toland Pay HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 10 MM. WIDE. a.CHELA. 6. ABDOMEN
ez

ama, one fathom, low tide, from coral, October 31, 1904, Albatross;

1 male, holotype of M. taboguillensis (32859). A smaller male, para-

type (M.C.Z.) was taken between tide marks, October 31, 1899, by

the Albatross.

MICROPANOPE GRANULIMANUS (Stimpson), new combination
Plate 180, Figures 1 and 2

Pilumnus granulimanus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 143
(type-locality, Cruz del Padre, Cuba; type not extant)—A. MILNE
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 294.

Xanthias granulimanus RatuBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 271.

Diagnosis.—Chelipeds densely granulate. No notches in upper
margin of orbit. Basal article of antennae not reaching front.

Description.—Carapace rather short and broad, naked, areolated
and granulated in front, smooth posteriorly; granules having a tend-
ency to form lines. Antero-lateral margin minutely denticulate and
armed, exclusive of the orbital angle, with four small, acute triangular
teeth, the two end ones a little smaller than the two intermediates.
At the penult tooth a short granulate ridge, arched obliquely forward,
extends inward on the surface of the carapace. Subhepatic region

440 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

granulate. Margin of orbit granulate; a distinct notch below outer
angle; a short acute tooth at inner lower angle; upper margin slightly
sinuous but without open notches. Front somewhat deflexed, very
little projecting; margin unarmed, deeply notched at middle; lobes
oblique, sinuous. The basal article of the outer antennae falls
considerably short of reaching the front. A short ridge on endostome.

Chelipeds and legs setose, the major cheliped less so than the rest.
Chelipeds stout; carpus and hand covered externally and above with
small, subequal granules, regularly crowded and diminishing in size
below; carpus with two sharp, minute teeth at inner angle. Legs
with one row of short spines along upper edge of merus and a few
rows of spinules or sharp granules on next two articles. Third,
fourth and fifth articles of male abdomen fused.

Color —Yellowish marbled with red (Stimpson).

Measurements —Female (20052), length of carapace 6.3, width of
same 9, fronto-orbital width 5.6, width of front 2.7 mm.

Range.—Bahamas and Cuba to Curacao.

Material examined.—

BAHAMAS.—Green Turtle Cay; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (20052).

CURACAO.—Caracas Bay; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: In Maean-
drina; April 7; 1 male (57001), 1 male, 1 young female (Amsterdam
Mus.). In coral: May 5, 1 female (57000); May 13, 1 young male
(60765). Under stones near shore; May 3; 1 ovigerous female
(Amsterdam Mus.).

MICROPANOPE POLITA Rathbun
Plate 180, Figures 3 and 4

Micropanope polita RatHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 238 (type-
locality, off Magdalena Bay, 36 fathoms; cotypes, Cat. No. 17397, U.S.N.M.,
Cat. No. 4252, M.C.Z.).

Panopeus tannert Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 154 (type-
localities, off Galapagos Islands, 53 fathoms, cotypes including measured
and figured specimens, in M.C.Z.; and off Cocos Island, 66 fathoms, cotype,
Cat. No. 20606, U.S.N.M.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 18, 1895, p. 19,
pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a.

Xanthias politus RatHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 271.

Diagnosis—Palms not more than half rough. A notch in upper
margin of orbit. Basal article of antennae reaching front. Front
double-edged.

Description.—Carapace moderately convex longitudinally, smooth
and punctate posteriorly, rough-granulate anteriorly, especially on
hepatic region; areolations distinct. A nearly transverse, slightly
arched line of granules on the branchial region opposite the last
lateral sinus. Front nearly straight, median notch narrow, a blunt
tooth at each lateral angle. A double edge is formed by a groove
which runs along the front, the lower edge projecting a little further

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 441

forward than the upper; both edges granulate, the lower more finely
than the upper. Orbit with a pronounced inner tooth above and
outside the front, a small emargination near middle of upper border,
a larger triangular outer notch, and a blunt tooth at inner angle of
lower margin. Antero-lateral teeth five including orbital angle; a
concave sinus between first and second tooth;
first and last tooth smallest. Ventral surface
of carapace granulate; no subhepatic tubercle.
Basal antennal article short, but touching the
prolongation of the front.

Merus of chelipeds finely granulate, upper
margin dentate; carpus squamoso-rugose, a

distal groove and a stout tooth at inner angle;
palms squamoso-tuberculate above and near es
wrist, elsewhere smooth and punctate; major

palm robust, lower margin convex, fingers Ficure 70.—MicropaNore
gaping, a large tooth at base of dactylus; minor jvm yep
palm much narrower, lower margin almost

straight, fingers meeting, teeth not prominent. Fingers black, tips
lighter, crossing when flexed. Legs slender, punctate, spinulous .
above, last three segments hairy.

In the male abdomen the slender distal angles of the sixth segment
are prolonged on either side of the terminal segment which is broader
than long.

Measurements.—Male (20606), length of carapace 6.1, width of
same 9.4, fronto-orbital width 6.4, width of front 3.4 mm.

Range—From Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico, to
Galapagos Islands; 20 to 66 fathoms.

Material eramined.—See table, page 437.

MICROPANOPE LATA (Faxon), new combination
Plate 180, Figures 5 and 6

Panopeus latus Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 18938, p. 153 (type-
locality, Bay of Panama, 85 fathoms; type in M.C.Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 18, pl. 3, fig. 3, 3a.

Diagnosis —Carapace very broad and very convex antero-pos-
teriorly. No tooth at outer angles at front. Hands mostly smooth.
Description (after Faxon).—Carapace broad, convex antero-
posteriorly, granulate, especially on the hepatic, branchial and cardiac
regions; areolations well marked and protuberant. Front with a
small median incision, lobes slightly convex, not produced into teeth
at lateral angles. Five antero-lateral teeth; postocular tooth small,
separated from the second tooth by a shallow, granulate sinus, third
tooth broadest, rounded off at apex, fourth most salient, acute,
fifth very small, acute; all have crenate or spinulous margins. Orbital

442 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

margin minutely crenulate, upper part with two closed fissures; outer
hiatus a triangular notch; lower margin produced to form an obtuse
tooth at inner angle. Subhepatic region granulate, without tubercle.

Chelae unequal but similar. Carpus rough with small tubercles
and having a distal groove and a small blunt tooth at inner angle.
Hands robust, inflated, smooth except near articulation with carpus
where there are scattering granules; upper and lower margins rounded.
Fingers long, down-curved, smooth, canaliculate, their cutting edges
irregularly armed with small and rather sharp teeth, without any
prominent basal tooth; when closed the fingers gape slightly and tips
cross. Legs setose, merus with small teeth on upper edge. Penult
segment of male abdomen with concave sides, terminal segment broad
and rounded.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 6.5, width of
same 10.25 mm.

Range.—Known only from the single type specimen, male (4484,
M.C.Z.) from the Bay of Panama; lat. 7° 33’ 00’’ N.; 85 fathoms;
sft. gn. M. brk. Sh.; temperature 57.3° F.; March 11, 1891; station
3397, Albatross.

Remarks.—Allied to M. xanthiformis, but carapace much broader
and more convex from front to back, front less prominent and desti-
tute of lobules at lateral angles, and carpal tooth of cheliped blunt.

MICROPANOPE XANTHIFORMIS (A. Milne Edwards)
Plate 180, Figures 7 and 8

Panopeus xanthiformis A. MibnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 353, pl.
53, figs. 4-46 (type-locality, off Grenada, 92 fathoms; type in Paris Mus.);
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, Dec., 1880, p. 13.

Micropanope xanthiformis RatTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 274; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p.
32.—A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47,
1923, p. 324.

Diagnosis.—Shape xanthoid. Front shallow. Carapace and cheli-
peds very rough in adults. Subhepatic tubercle ill defined.

Description.—Carapace depressed, coarsely granulate on anterior
arch, granules depressed; regions well marked; an oblique ridge on
hepatic region. Front slightly deflexed, shallow; lobes separated by

a narrow fissure; margins sinuous, on the whole convex but with a

distinct rectangular outer corner. Orbits wide, margin finely crenu-

late. Five antero-lateral teeth; second small, blunt, in adults con-
siderably larger than postorbital angle, in the young obsolescent;
third and fourth teeth large, acute; last very small and pointed; teeth

with granulate margins. A slight subhepatic elevation formed by a

number of granules.

Chelipeds rugose with coarser granules (or tubercles) than on
carapace. Arm with a row of spines above; wrist with a deep anterior

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 443

groove and two inner spines, one smaller and below the other; major
hand roughened on its upper and proximal portions, the roughness of
the outer surface more extensive in the minor than the major chela.
Fingers deeply grooved; dactylus of larger claw with a large basal
tooth. Legs very long and slender; merus with a row of spines above,
other articles spinulous.

Color—Anterior portion of carapace light yellowish orange.
Fingers of major chela brownish black, of minor chela black. Spines
and tubercles of both chelipeds light salmon.

Measurements.—Male (19810), length of carapace 7, width of same
10, fronto-orbital width 7.2, width of front 3.7 mm.

Range.—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Gulf of Mexico
to Cape Frio, Brazil; depth 8% to 182 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table, page 444.

FIGURE 71.—MICROPANOPE SPINIPES, FEMALE, TYPE OF PILUMNUS ANDREWSII, DORSAL VIEW, X3

MICROPANOPE SPINIPES A. Milne Edwards
Plate 181, Figures 1 and 2

Micropanope spinipes A. MiuNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 326,
pl. 54, figs. 3-3c (type-locality, Abrolhos Islands, Brazil, 30 fathoms; type in
Museum of Comparative Zoélogy)—Murrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17,
1886, pp. xx and 130; Bahia, 7 to 20 fathoms.—A. Mitne Epwarps and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 323.

Piiumnus spinipes Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 264.—VeERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 10, 1900,
p. 577 (“‘Cuba” is an error); vol. 13, 1908, p. 361, text-fig. 20, pl. 27 [not 26],
fig. 1.

Pilumnus andrewsti RatuBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 267, pl. 5, fig. 2 (type-locality, Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas; type,
Cat. No. 20508, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis—Palms smooth and bare over nearly the whole outer
surface. Third and fourth antero-lateral teeth larger, first, second,
and fifth smaller. Margin of front and orbits granulate.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 445

Description.—Upper surface of carapace rough with scalelike gran-
ules, which are sharper and higher on the anterior lateral arch. The
granules of carapace and chelae bear hairs while many much finer
hairs arise between them. Front bent obliquely down, a narrow
transverse ridge at the bend, nearly parallel with the edge; margin of
frontal lobes nearly straight, sloping backward a little from the
median V-shaped notch; a small rectangular tooth at outer ‘end.
Upper orbital margin minutely granulate or denticulate, lower mar-
gin also denticulate, a large triangular tooth at inner angle, a large
outer sinus. Outer orbital tooth and next antero-lateral tooth at
some distance, very small but plainly marked and acute; below and
between them a sharp subhepatic tubercle; the last three antero-
lateral projections are triangular spine-pointed teeth, the last one:
more or less smaller than the others. Endostomial ridge not nearly
reaching epistome.

The outer-upper surface of the wrist is entirely covered with spi-
nules or sharp granules and has a transverse distal groove, and two
sharp spines on the inner edge, the one at the inner angle longer than
any other. Upper surface of hand spinulous in part, more so in minor
than major chela and in the young than full grown; outer surface in
both sexes entirely smooth and bare in the old, but with a narrow
strip on upper and proximal portion which is spinulous. Minor
manus with a dorsal groove, fingers each with two deep grooves both
inside and outside. Grooves less evident on the major chela, which
is much the stouter. Ambulatory legs very slender, spinulous. Male
abdomen with third, fourth, and fifth segments fused.

Color.—Male (in formalin), pale buff on upper side of carapace and
legs; chelae yellowish or salmon on the palm, with a white patch pre-
ceded by a yellow one at base of claws, which were umber-brown..
(Verrill.)

Measurements.—Female (20508), length of carapace 8.9, width of
same 12.8, fronto-orbital width 8, width of front 4.1 mm.

Range.—From Bahamas and Florida Keys to the Abrolhos Islands,,
Brazil; Bermuda.

Material examined.—Bermuda; 1898; A. E. Verrill and party; 2
male, 1 female (P.M.Y.U.).

Hawk Channel, Florida; 4% miles W. by N. of Elbow Reef beacon;
2% fathoms; barry S.; 20.5° C.; February 19, 1903; station 7467, Fish
Hawk; 1 female (60779).

Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas; 1897; E. A. Andrews; 2 females.
(20508), types of Pilumnus andrewsiv.

No Name Key, Florida; banks, low tide; 1885; H. Hemphill; f
female (19891).

Caracas Bay, Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst; in coral, May 5,.
1 male (56896); in sponge, May 10, 1 young female (Amsterdam
Mus.).

446 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil; coral reef; July 26, 1899; A. W. Greeley,
Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 male (25726).

Off Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; 30 fathoms; U. S. Coast Survey Str.
Hassler; 1 female, holotype (2981, M. C. Z.).

MICROPANOPE BARBADENSIS (Rathbun), new combination

Pilumnus barbadensis RatHBuUN, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Towa, vol.
9, 1921, p. 73, pl. 1 (type-locality, Barbados; type in Mus. S. U. I.).

Diagnosis.—Carapace broad-oval, frontal lobes oblique. Outer
orbital fissures absent or minute. Color of immovable fingers cover-
ing distal two-thirds only. Minor palm rough outside, major palm
rough only on its upper, proximal portion.

Description.—Carapace suboval, antero-lateral margin arched but
shorter than postero-lateral. Surface covered with a short, soft,
sparse pubescence which does not conceal the carapace. Furrows
between regions and gastric subregions well marked. Surface mi-
nutely roughened, especially along front and antero-lateral regions
where the granules are acutely pointed. Lobes of front oblique, edge
slightly convex save at outer end which is right angled in smaller
specimens but has a small, more or less pointed tooth in the old
(female, 12.3 mm. wide); edge crenulate. Inner angle of orbit acute;
upper margin sloping obliquely outward and backward to a slight
outer tooth; edge finely denticulate; notches very small, or in the
old disappearing altogether. Antero-lateral margin armed with three
slender, acuminate spines, each set in a stout, triangular, denticulate
base. Carapace widest at the posterior pair of these spines; the two
interspaces are subequal; between the anterior spine and the orbital
angle there is a spinule, little larger than the sharp denticles of the
neighboring surface, and confused in dorsal view with several subhe-
patic spinules. Suborbital region covered with coarse, acute granules
Lower orbital margin more advanced than upper, its spinules more
elongate; spinule at inner angle a little larger and more pronounced.

Chelipeds very unequal, thinly clothed with longer hairs than the
carapace; carpus covered with acute granules, and having two spin-
ules, one above the other at inner angle. Only the proximal third or
less of the major palm is rough with granules, the roughness forming
an oblique band bordering the carpus but stopping short of the
lower margin; the proximal two-thirds of the upper edge is separately
roughened; remainder of palm smooth and naked; the Florida female
is an exception, the granules covering all but the distal end of the
palm; fingers of male dark brown with light tips, color not reaching
base of immovable finger, color line vertical; a narrow interdigital
gape. In the minor cheliped the entire outer surface of palm is very
rough, the granules arranged for the most part longitudinally; fingers
less gaping, deeply grooved, ridges very rough. In the female, the

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 447

fingers are a lighter brown; in the largest female the roughness on
the major palm is less extensive.

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Ambulatory legs slender, bordered with long hair; merus slightly
enlarged, upper margin edged with slender spines; dactyli notice-
ably slender.

448 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 6.7, width 9.4
mm.; figured female, length 7.6, width 10.7 mm.; largest female,
width 12.3 mm.

Range.—Tortugas, Florida; Barbados.

Material examined.—Middle section of Bird Key reef, Tortugas,
Florida; July 26, 1924; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (60934); gift of Car-
negie Institution.

Barbados; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of lowa:
Okra Reef; May 13, 1918; 2 young (Mus. S.U.I.). Barbados; May
31, 1918; 1 male holotype, 1 female (Mus. S.U.I.), 2 males, 1 female
(58042); from old coral heads. Barbados; June 4, 1918; 5 small
(Mus. S.U.I.), from coral heads.

MICROPANOPE NITIDA Rathbun
Plate 181, Figures 3 and 4

Micropanope nitida Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 587, pl.
42, fig. 9 (type-locality, southern part of Gulf of California, 8 fathoms,
station 2824, Albatross; type, Cat. No. 21583, U.S.N.M.); Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, 1923, p. 623.

Diagnosis—General appearance smooth. Frontal lobes rounded;
second and fifth lateral teeth reduced; color of immovable finger not
continued on palm.

Description.—Carapace broad, convex in both directions; regions
faint; surface sad granulate or almost smooth, covered with

oom very minute punctae and occa-
sionally a larger one. Front
flat, inclined, granulate; edge
thin; median sinus V-shaped;
lobes sinuous, convex for their
inner two-thirds. Orbits with
two V-shaped sinuses on supe-
riormargin. Lateral teeth five;
| first or orbital tooth small, little
advanced; second low, rounded
and connected with the first by

FIGURE 73.—MICROPANOPE NITIDA, MALE, HoLoTyPE, aShallowsinus ; third and fourth

CARAPACE 11.5 MM. WIDE, DORSAL VIEW large, arcuate outer and concave
inner margins and acute curved tips; fifth very small. No subhe-
patic tubercle. Outer suborbital fissure deep, narrow at base, with
convex sides; inner tooth low and blunt. Second segment of male
abdomen wide, leaving exposed at its outer distal corners a very
small piece of sternum; third segment with broad base and angular
corners, reaching coxae of last pair of legs; penult segment short,
sides convex; terminal segment triangular, end blunt.

Chelipeds strong, finely granulate. Upper margin of arm granu-
lateor denticulate. Carpus slightly rugose, a short sharp inner tooth or

440

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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450 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

spine, a blunt tooth beneath it, an anterior groove. Large hand strong,
margins convex; upper surface broad and flattened, insmallerspecimens
with two blunt crests; fingers bent downward, slightly gaping, marked
with punctate impressed lines, prehensile teeth low. Basal tooth of ma-
jor dactyl little enlarged if at all. Smaller hand resembling larger, two-
thirds as wide. Fingers dark brown, the color line on the fixed finger
running obliquely down from proximalend of prehensile margin and par-
allel to proximal end of palm. Legs long and narrow, anterior margins
of merus finely spinulous; last two articles with pubescent margins.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 8.1, width of
same 11.5, fronto-orbital width 8.8, width of front 4.5 mm.

Range.—Gulf of California, 7 to 10 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table, page 449.

MICROPANOPE AREOLATA Rathbun
Plate 182, Figures 1 and 2

Micropanope areolata Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 588
(type-locality, off Adair Bay, Gulf of California, 11 fathoms, station 3024,
Albatross; type, Cat. No. 21584, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis—Carpus of chelipeds and antero-lateral portions of
carapace rough. Color of immovable finger continued on palm.
Otherwise near nitida.

Description.—Closely allied to M. nitida, with which it may be com-
pared. Carapace somewhat narrower, front relatively narrower,
first and second lateral teeth more completely united. Surface
slightly pubescent, regions more distinctly marked, granulation fine
but plain on protogastric, hepatic and epibranchial lobes, epigastric
ridge well developed. A subhepatic tubercle. Wrists much rough-
ened, palms finely rugose, color of immovable fingers extending well
back on palms, basal tooth of major dactyl not heavy, though larger
than in nitida. Male abdomen similar to that of M. nitida but last
two segments shorter.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 6.4, width of
same 8.9, fronto-orbital width 6.7, width of front 3.4 mm.

Range.—Southern California and Gulf of California, to a depth of
11 fathoms.

Material eramined.—See table, page 449.

MICROPANOPE NUTTINGI (Rathbun), new combination

Xanthias nuttingi Ratupun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 271, pl. 4, fig. 1 (type-locality, Bahama Banks; cotypes in Mus.
State Univ. Iowa and Cat. No. 19975, U.S.N.M.); Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm.
for 1900, vol. 20, part 2 (1901), p. 35.

Diagnosis.—Second lateral tooth absent. Palms rough with bead
tubercles, covering both palms of female and minor palm and greater
part of major palm of male. b

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 451

Description.—Carapace suboval, convex in an antero-posterior
direction, nearly flat in a transverse direction; anterior half rough
with squamose granules; regions distinct. Front convex, having two
lobes with granulate margins separated by a V-shaped sinus; outer
angle of each lobe subrectangular. Second normal antero-lateral
tooth of this genus suppressed, being ee united with the orbital
tooth which is not prominent;
three remaining teeth sharp-
pointed, posterior one smallest.
Outer fissure of orbit broad, V-
shaped.

Chelipeds heavy, very unequal,
arm spinulous on upper edge;
wrist covered with beadlike tuber-
cles and with a deep anterior FIGURE 74.—MICROPANOPE NUTTINGI, MALE, DOR-
groove and an inner right angle SARE Ae
tipped with a spinule; a second spinule below. Major hand in
male with upper and about two-thirds of outer surface ornamented
with bead tubercles; lower third and distal extremity smooth and
shining; fingers broad, not gaping, brown with light tips; dactylus
with large basal tooth; color of immovable finger not running
back on manus, but forming a line with articulation of dactylus.
Minor hand almost entirely covered with tubercles, which grow smaller
toward distal and lower margins; upper margin with a longitudinal
groove; fingers deeply grooved. Upper margin of ambulatory legs
tuberculate or granulate. The females differ in having the whole
outer surface of the major as well as the minor palm tuberculate.

Measurements.—Male (24289), length of carapace 3.8, width of same
5.7, fronto-orbital width 4, width of front 2 mm.

Color.—In alcohol, speckled with blue; larger patches of blue on
anterior gastric and cardiac region.

Range.—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Gulf of Mexico
to Cape St. Roque, Brazil. Shallow water to 37 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table, pages 452-453.

MICROPANGOPE URINATOR (A. Milne Edwards), new combination
Plate 182, Figures 3 and 4; Plate 183, Figures 1-3

Pilumnus urinator A. MiLtNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1881, p. 289, pl. 53,
fig. 2-2b (type-locality, near Santa Cruz [St. Croix], West Indies, 245 fath-
oms; type in Paris Mus.).—Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ.
Towa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 265.—A. M1itnr Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 326.

Diagnosis.—Rough; carapace short-haired, chelipeds and legs long-
haired; spines white. Five antero-lateral spines. Outer surface of
both palms rough all over; fingers deeply grooved.

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

452

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454 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Description.—A rough species. Carapace broad; regions plainly
marked, granulate except in the depressions, and covered with a short,
thin pile. All the spines, spiny tips and spinules, however small,
are conspicuously white in preserved specimens, in contrast with the
darker color of the body. Hepatic region spinulous. Antero-lateral
spines five, including a very small one at the orbit; second to fifth
spines set in stouter, denticulate bases; third and fourth largest, sub-
equal, curved, the second and fifth subequal, second curved, first and
fifth straight. Orbital margin spinulous; on the upper margin the
spinules diminish on the inner half to granules; they are somewhat
larger on the lower margin, interrupted on the outer half by a broad,
pointed sinus, and extending inward to a large, triangular, granu-
lated tooth. An oblique row of a few white spinules on the eyestalk
at inner base of eye. Frontal lobes slightly arcuate; edge finely
denticulate, separated by a very small median notch but not sharply
divided from the outer angle which is subrectangular, not advanced and
edged with two minute white granules. Endostomial ridge obscure.

Chelipeds rough and bristling; two long spines above merus; carpus
heavily spined, the longest spine at inner angle; one equally long
below it in minor cheliped; minor palm spinous on the entire outer
surface; on the major palm the spines change to coarse granules below
and distad. Fingers deeply grooved, especially the minor pair, where
the ridges are armed with sharp granules. Legs rough except on
those flat surfaces of the dilated merus which are subject to friction;
long-hairy on the lower surface, and also on the upper surface of the
last three articles; propodus dilated; dactylus long, slender, curved,
with a light brown, horny tip of needle-like sharpness.

Third, fourth, and fifth segments of male abdomen fused.

Measurements.—Male (7806), length of carapace 7, width of same
10, fronto-orbital width 7, width of front 3.6 mm.

area —From Florida Keys to St. Grows West Indies; 80 to 250
fathoms.

Material examined—Oft Key West, Flomde about 80 Gathanie
Biol. Exped. State Univ. of Iowa, 1893; 1 male (Mus. 8.U.I.).

Off Santiago, Cuba; February 27, 1884; Albatross: Lat. 19° 56’ 44”’
N.; long. 75° 50’ 49’’ W.; 202 fathoms; hrd. ers. S.; station 2131; 2
males (7806). Lat. 19° 55! 58) ONG: iene 75° 47’ 07’ W.; 250 fathoms;
hrd. Co.; station 2135; 2 males (7812).

MICROPANOPE CRISTIMANUS Stimpson
Plate 183, Figures 4-6
Micropanope cristimana Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10,
1871, p. 107 [17] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).
Diagnosis—Carapace with transverse ridges. First and second
lateral teeth completely fused, posterior tooth well marked. Frontal
lobes triangular.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 455

Description.—Carapace convex, smooth posteriorly, and with a
transverse ridge, interrupted at the middle, on the protogastric, epi-
gastric, and frontal regions, and one on each hepatic and epibranchial
region. Front convex, strongly projecting, the two lobes triangular,.
separated by a large V-shaped sinus from which arises a deep furrow
extending backward to the gastric region; each lobe with tip rounded,
outer margin very oblique, concave, outer tooth small, separated from
orbital tooth by a very obtuse angle. Superior orbital sinuses not
far apart. The normal second tooth of the lateral margin is com-
pletely absorbed in the first or orbital tooth. This and the other
three teeth are strong, the last two with a median ridge, the last (or
true fifth) tooth larger than common in Micropanope. Outer hiatus
of orbit almost obsolete; inferior inner tooth of orbit prominent, sub-
conical, tip narrow, subacute.

Chelipeds large, smooth, polished; carpus with a broad depressed
tooth at inner angle, and a short crest, bordering a depressed area, at
outer angle; hands short, broad and compressed above, where a smooth
crest is formed; posterior outer extremity of hand protuberant and
more or less bituberculate. Fingers black with white tips; those of
the smaller chela much deflexed and longer than the palm; color of
immovable fingers extended on palm. Ambulatory legs rather com-
pressed and faintly crested above; dactyli pubescent.

Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 5.6 mm. (.22 inch),
width of same 6.9 mm. (.27 inch). Male (46080), total length of
carapace 5.38 mm., width of same 7, fronto-orbital width 4.6, width
of front 2.4 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico.

Material examined.—Manzanillo, State of Colima; on drifted pile;
July 17, 1913; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male, 2 females (1 ovigerous) (46080).

Genus RHITHROPANOPEUS Rathbun

Rhithropanopeus RaTHBUN, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898,
p. 273; type, R. harrisii (Gould).

Allied to Panopeus. Carapace subquadrilateral, approaching the
Goneplacidae in form, dorsal ridges prominent, postero-lateral mar-
gins not markedly convergent. Front less than a third as wide as
carapace, horizontal, margin thick, double-edged. Upper emargi-
nations of orbit obsolescent. Eyes filling, orbits. Chelipeds very
unequal, heavy; major dactylus without large basal tooth. Third or
coalesced segment of male abdomen not reaching coxae of last pair
of legs.

Contains only one species.

456 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

RHITHROPANOPEUS HARRISII (Gould)
Plate 183, Figures 7 and 8

Pilumnus harrisit Gouup, Rept. Invert. Massachusetts, 1841, p. 326 (type-
localities, Cambridge marshes and clinging to floating seaweed in Charles
River; types not extant).

Panopeus wurdemannii GispBEs, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 176
[12] (type-locality, Enterprize, Fla. (cotypes, Cat. No. 16157, U.S.N.M.,
and in Charleston Mus.).—Lerrpy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser.
2, vol. 3, 1855, p. 17. Not P. wurdemannii Benedict and Rathbun, 1891.

Panopeus harrisii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 55
[9]—Bernepict and Rarueon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 14, 1891, p. 378,
pl. 21, fig. 2; pl. 24, fig. 16.

Rhithropanopeus harrisit RaTHBUN, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol,
4, 1898, p. 273.

Diagnosis —Front truncate; dorsal ridges prominent. First two
antero-lateral teeth fused, last three dentiform. Legs slender.

Description —Two transverse lines of granules on each protogastric
region, one on mesogastric region interrupted at middle, two branchial,
one of which is opposite the tip of the posterior lateral tooth. Front
little produced, edge nearly straight, channeled, upper and lower
margins granulate; median notch triangular. Lateral teeth not
prominent; a sinus in coalesced tooth; third and fourth teeth pointing
obliquely forward; last tooth smaller. Outer orbital hiatus a nearly
closed fissure opening on a broad shallow notch. No subhepatic
tubercle.

In the old the chelipeds are nearly smooth. In small specimens the
wrist is rough with lines and bunches of granules, distal groove deep;
two granulate ridges on upper margin of palm; upper edge of fingers
granulate. Fingers slender, prehensile edges evenly dentate. Legs
long, slender, compressed.

The third segment of the male abdomen does not touch the coxae
of the last pair of legs; terminal segment subquadrate.

Color —Brownish, paler below; fingers white. Yellow with red
spots (18501). ;

Measurements.—Male (3149), length of carapace 14.3, width of same
19.4 mm.

* Habitat —In brackish or fresh water. Local.

Range.—From Miramichi estuary, New Brunswick (Connolly), to
Mexico.

Material examined.— +

MAINE.—Sheepscot; from among oysters growing in Sheepscot
River; November 5, 1902; W. C. Kendall; 8 specimens (28783).

CONNECTICUT.—East side New Haven Harbor; September,
1892; James E. Benedict; 20 specimens (18194).

NEW YORK.—Creek near West Point, Hudson River; Dr. E. A.
Mearns, U.S. Army; 6 females, 1 young (19632).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 457

MARYLAND.—Chester River, Kent County; September 3, 1910;
W. W. Wallis; 13 males, 14 females (4 ovigerous), 20 young (56365).
Bloody Point Light, NNE. % E.; North and Poplar Island, SE.
by E. % E.; lat. 38° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 76° 25’ 06’’ W.; 20 fathoms;
sft. bk. M.; April 25, 1916; station 8528, Fish Hawk; 1 male (56270).

Island Creek, Talbot County; July 26, 1911; C. R.

Shoemaker and W. D. Appel; 3 males, 3 females, 14
young (56366).

Chesapeake Beach; August 26, 1927; W. L. Schmitt;
2 males, 4 females (2 ovigerous), 14 young (60825).

South of Chesapeake Beach; William Palmer; 6
specimens (54802). September 13, 1919; 1 male
(53 593 ) : FIGURE 75.—RHITH-

Plum Point; Around piles; August 15-24, 1912; An Ee
Wiliam Palmer; 1 female (56372). July 14, 1914; C. wen, ENLARGED.
R. Shoemaker; 5 young (56377). Plum Point Creek; A'™* BENepior
July 4, 1912; Palmer and Weed; 1 male (44496).

St. George Island; July 6, 1896; H. M. Smith, U. S. Fish Com-
mission; 1 specimen (20252).

Herring Creek near Piney Point; September 11, 1926; James E.
Benedict, jr.; 10 males, 8 females (60279).

Potomac River; 5 males, 3 females (3176).

VIRGINIA.—Lower Machodoc Creek; James E. Benedict, jr.;
June 25, 1917; 3 males, 7 females (1 ovigerous) (56368). August 3,
1917; 11 males, 11 females, 29 young (56384).

West coast of Chesapeake Bay, Northumberland County; Decem-
ber 23, 1914; P. L. Boone; 3 males, 2 females (48851).

Rappahannock River; in stomach of Lophodytes; December 31,
1916; Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture; frag-
ments of 2 specimens; returned to sender.

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Winyah Bay; Fish Hawk: Above brackish
water; 1 male, 1 female (15682). December, 1890; 3 males, 3 females
(15684), 1 young (15761). Half a mile N. of wharf on South
Island; 4 fathoms; hrd. 8.; temperature 48.5° F.; January 3, 1891;
station 1639; 6 males, 1 female, 2 young (15691). From % mile N.
to 400 yards E. of wharf on South Island; 4—5 fathoms; hrd. S. Sh.;
temperature 49.5°-50° F.; Jan. 3, 1891; stations 1641-1642; 186
specimens (15695, 20250, 56264). Four hundred yards SSW. of
wreck buoy; 5 fathoms; hrd. S.; temperature 50.5° F.; January 3,
1891; station 1643; 1 male (15693).

Clambank Creek; Fish Hawk; 1 male (26363).

Santee Club; in stomach of Lophodytes; December 31, 1909; Bio-
logical Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture; 1 small; returned
to sender.

FLORIDA.—Tributary of St. Johns River; fresh water; Benja-
min Harrison; 2 males, 2 females (18501).

458 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

St. Johns River, opposite Palatka; January 25, 1897; W. C.
Kendall; 1 male (21842).

St. Johns River, at Palatka; January 20, 1897; W. C. Kendall;
1 male, 4 females (22277).

St. Johns River, near Beecher Point; March 17, 1897; W. C.
Kendall; 8 males, 9 females (22159).

Border of Lake Monroe; in holes in the rocks; Lewis R. Gibbes;
1 male, 1 female (16158), cotypes of Panopeus wurdemannii Gibbes.

Lake Monroe; in stomach of Bufo; Biological Survey, U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture; fragments, returned to sender.

Enterprise; Lewis R. Gibbes; 2 males (16157), cotypes of Panopeus
wurdemannii Gibbes.

Sanford; April 12, 1897; W. C. Kendall; 1 male (21843).

Indian River; February 18, 1880; R. E. Earll, U. S. Fish Com-
mission; 11 males, 8 females (3149).

Shark Harbor Bay, Charlotte County; J. L. Madden; 1 female
(60826).

MISSISSIPPI.—Grand Plains Bayou; April 19, 1897; B. W. Ever-
mann, U.S. Fish Commission; 1 male (22262).

LOUISIANA.—Grand Isle; June 30, 1929; E. H. Behre; 2 males
(1 covered with bryozoan) (63039).

MEXICO.—Vicinity of Pueblo Viejo, Vera Cruz, 2 kilometers S.
of Tampico; May 23-31, 1910; Edward Palmer; 1 female (59915)

Genus TETRAXANTHUS Rathbun»

Tetraxanthus RaTHBUN, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898
p. 275; type, 7. bidentatus (A. Milne Edwards).

Carapace subquadrate, convex, not areolate; orbit as wide as half
the front; lateral teeth four including ovbital angle; first and second
small, third and fourth more or less dentiform, blunt. Palate with
a ridge. Fingers long, compressed. Legs long and slender.

Known only from the Atlantic coast of middle America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS TETRAXANTHUS

A!. Lateral projections of carapace shallow, not prominent. A broad lobe on

IBver NAT: OL wrists 2 cee ao ae A Sl ee bidentatus, p. 458.
A?. Third and fourth lateral teeth prominent. A blunt tooth at inner angle of
WHISG MLAS 2 OE), Oe a aie AN es fT ST h e rugosus, p. 459.

TETRAXANTHUS BIDENTATUS (A. Milne Edwards)
Plate 184
Xanthodes bidentatus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 353, pl. 53,
figs. 5-5b (type-locality, Grenada, 92 fathoms; type in M. C. Z.).
Tetraxanthus bidentatus RatusBun, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol.
4, 1898, p. 275.
Diagnosis —Very convex. Lateral projections shallow. One lobe
on inner margin of carpus of cheliped. Legs smooth.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 459
°

Description.—Body covered with a short, thin down. Carapace
smooth to the naked eye, microscopically granulate; very convex from
front to back, much less so transversely. Gastric and hepatic regions
feebly indicated. Margin of front slightly arcuate, nearly straight,
divided by a small median emargination. Inner angles of orbit small,
and though more elevated than the front, project scarcely at all
laterally, superior fissures obsolescent, outer sinus broad and shallow;
outer angle a small triangular tooth not prominent. Behind it on the
antero-lateral margin are three other lobes or teeth, the second a
small shallow lobe, the third an obtuse-angled tooth or lobe with
short anterior and long, somewhat convex posterior margin which is
nearly longitudinal; last tooth dentiform, short, elevated. Basal
antennal article short and broad.

Chelipeds of male long, strong, unequal; a broad lobe on upper
margin of merus and at inner angle of carpus. Manus elongate,
increasing in width distally, margins a little convex. Fingers long,
deflexed, with little or no gape, prehensile teeth uneven, a larger one
at base of major dactyl, dark color not covering tips of fingers or base
of immovable finger. Ambulatory legs slender, unarmed, pubescent
toward extremities.

Color —Fingers except extreme tips fresh-blood red, tips white.
(Henderson.)

Measurements —Male (9759), length of carapace 17.6, width of
same 23.8, fronto-orbital width 14.6, width of front 7 mm.

Range.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to Cape Frio, Brazil;
15 to 124 fathoms.

Material eramined.—See table, page 453.

TETRAXANTHUS RUGOSUS, new species
Plate 185

Type-locality—Off Sand Key, Florida, 120 fathoms; holotype,
male, Cat. No. 60828, U.S.N.M.

Diagnosis.—Moderately convex. Third and fourth lateral teeth
prominent. Two blunt teeth on inner margin of carpus of cheliped.
Legs spinulous.

Description.—Narrower, more hexagonal and less convex than the
preceding. Front bilobed, lobes little oblique. The rectangular
tooth at inner upper angle of orbit projects sideways beyond the
front. Of the four antero-lateral teeth (including the orbital) the
second is placed close to the first, both together occupying much
less of the margin than the third tooth. Third and fourth teeth
large, triangular, prominent, tips tuberculiform, the posterior margin
of the third tooth sinuous instead of convex. Posterior margin of
carapace more concave than in bidentatus.

460 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Chelipeds rough; merus short, upper edge tuberculate, outer sur-
face broad, granulate, especially near the margins. Carpus coarsely
and irregularly ridged, interspaces rough, inner angle with a thick
blunt tooth and below it a smaller tooth. Propodus granulate and
rugose, a double ridge and intervening sulcus on the upper surface,
two faint longitudinal carinae on the outer surface of the minor
manus. Fingers of major chela slightly gaping, teeth few and large,
a strong tooth at base of dactyl; fingers of minor chela not gaping,
teeth more numerous, small and low. Merus of ambulatory legs
rough above; last two articles pubescent.

Color.—Fingers black, tips lighter, yellowish-brownish black.

Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 8.7, width of
same 11.4, fronto-orbital width 7.3, width of front 3.8 mm.

Range.—Florida Keys; West Indies.

Material examined.—Off Sand Key, Florida; 120 fathoms; Eolis,
John B. Henderson; 1 male holotype (60828).

Off Sambo Key, Florida; 120 fathoms; Holis, John B. Henderson;
i male, 1 ovigerous female (60829).

South of Cuba; lat. 19° 56’ 06’’ N., long. 75° 47’ 32’’ W.; 254
fathoms; February 27, 1884; station 2134, Albatross; 1 immature
female (7815).

Genus ECTAESTHESIUS Rathbun

Ectaesthesius Ratuspun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 591; type, E.
bifrons Rathbun.

Carapace smooth, wider than in Trapezia and sides more arcuate,
bidentate, one tooth at lateral angle, the other further forward;
postero-lateral margins converging. Regions not indicated. Front
broad, slightly bilobed. Orbits shallow, entire; inner hiatus closed
by union of lower orbital margin with front. Peduncular articles of
antennae short; the penult article just reaches lower corner of front;
the last article attains frontal margin. Palatal ridge partially devel-
oped, anteriorly obsolete. Antero-external angle of merus of outer
maxillipeds laterally produced, antero-internal angle emarginate.
Chelipeds of female unequal, smooth, not enlarged; arm short,
margins entire; wrist unispinous; fingers elongate, acute. Legs
short, last three articles setose; dactyli rather stout.

Contains only one species.

ECTAESTHESIUS BIFRONS Rathbun

Ectaesthesius bifrons Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 591,
pl. 42, figs. 12-14 (type-locality, off Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands,
45 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 21586, U.S.N.M.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 46§1

Diagnosis.—Orbital hiatus closed. Sides of carapace bidentate.
Fingers very long.

Description.—Carapace slightly convex in both directions, about
three-fourths as long as wide, antero-lateral margins arcuate, postero-
lateral sinuous, rapidly converging. Surface smooth, microscopic
granulation near front and lateral teeth. Front nearly half width of
carapace, slightly arcuate, almost imperceptibly bilobed, edge thin,
retreating at outer angles; just behind and parallel to the margin is
a sharp ridge slightly interrupted at middle. Orbit less than half as
wide as front; upper margin oblique, outer angle not advanced.
Margin between orbit and first lateral tooth crenulate. Tooth at
lateral angle subacute, a little in front of middle of carapace; anterior
tooth obtuse, about one-
third distance from or-
bital angle to lateral tooth.
Abdomen of mature
female narrow; third,
fourth, and fifth segments
subequal in length as well
as in width; sixth of same
width but longer; seventh
narrower, length and
breadth subequal, ex-
tremity rounded.

Arm extending but little
outside carapace, trigonal,

widest near middle; car-
says FIGURE 76.—ECTAESTHESIUS BIFRONS, FEMALE, HOLOTYPE,
pal tooth large, spiniform. CARAPACE 9.7 MM. WIDE. a. OUTER MAXILLIPED. b. FRONT

Hand with inner surface “"™ © DO*S4e EW
swollen toward proximal end; margins smooth, rounded; superior
margin slightly convex, inferior sinuous, that of fixed finger con-
cave. Dactylus longer than superior margin of palm. Fingers not
gaping, a few lines of punctae; dactylus without teeth; larger fixed
finger with one low tooth on basal half and two teeth and a few
denticles on terminal half; in smaller chela, the teeth are all on
terminal half. Legs asin 7rapezia; dactyli nearly as long as propodi.
Measurements.—Ovigerous female, length of carapace 7, width of
same 9.7, fronto-orbital width 7.2, width of front-4.4 mm.
Range.—Off Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; lat. 0° 50’ 00’
S., long. 89° 36’ 00’’ W.; 45 fathoms; gy. S.; temperature 74.1° F.;
April 4, 1888; station 2809, Albatross; 1 ovigerous female, holotype
{21586).

462 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Genus CHLORODIELLA Rathbun

Chlorodius MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 399; type, C.
niger (Forskal). Not Clorodius Leach in Desmarest, 1823.

Fucicola GisteL, Naturg. Thierreichs, 1848, p. vim (part); not Fucicola Menke,
1844, nudibranch.

Chlorodiella RatuBwun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 157; sub-
stituted for Chlorodius Milne Edwards.

Carapace depressed, hexagonal; regions partially or not at all
demarcated; surface smooth and almost unbroken except sometimes
anteriorly and on branchio-hepatic region near antero-lateral border,
where there may be some broad transverse wrinkles. Fronto-orbital
border varying from about two-thirds to more than three-fourths
the width of carapace. Front broad, almost straight, emarginate in
middle, its outer angles separated from the supra-orbital margin by
a groove. Antero-lateral borders cut into four lobes or teeth, ex-
clusive of orbital angle. Orbit with two suture lines above and one
below outer angle; eyes on short thick stalks. Basal antennal
article large, extending upwards and outwards into the orbital gap.
Merus of external maxillipeds with anterior margin almost trans-
verse. Chelipeds unequal, more than twice as long as carapace;
fingers stout, deeply hollowed at tip. Legs spinulous. The third to
fifth somites of the male abdomen are fused.

Inhabits the Indo-Pacific region, the Atlantic coast of middle
America; also west Africa.

Contains only one American species.”

CHLORODIELLA LONGIMANA (Milne Edwards)
Plate 186

Chlorodius longimanus MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 401
(type-locality, Porto Rico; type in Paris Mus.).

Chlorodielia longimanus RatusBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 14.

Chlorodiella longimana RatuBun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2

(1901), p. 36.

Diagnosis.—Transverse folds on carapace. Front double-edged.

Chelipeds extremely long and heavy. A sinus on front edge of merus
of outer maxilliped.

Description—Surface punctate and microscopically granulate.
Gastric region faintly indicated. A smooth transverse ridge and a
deep furrow on epigastric, protogastric, hepatic and anterior branchial
regions. The first three lateral teeth blunt, the last two longer and
acute or subacute; a tubercle above the fourth tooth. Front with a
double edge, the upper one truncate, feebly notched at middle, the

8 The identity of ‘‘ Chlorodius caribaeus’’ Desbonne (Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867,
p. 31) has not been determined.

Chlorodius imbricatus Spence Bate (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 664; in Lord’s Naturalist in Van-
couver Island and British Columbia, vol. 2, 1866, p. 270), ‘‘Esquimalt Harbor, 8 fathoms,’’ does not belong
to the fauna of British Columbia and was introduced along with others into Bate’s report through aD
error in locality. See S. I. Smith, Rept. Geol. Sur. Canada, 1878-1879 (1880), p. 209 B, footnote.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 463

lower edge with a deeper notch and somewhat sinuous lobes; outer
corners tuberculiform, turned down to meet the basal antennal
segment. The anterior margin of the outer maxillipeds has a well
marked sinus at its middle.

Chelipeds very long. ‘Two-thirds of the arm projects beyond the
carapace, its anterior margin armed with four or five teeth or spines.
Wrist smooth, bearing a spine or tubercle at inner angle. Palm long
and smooth, fingers stout and black, the color of the fixed finger con-
tinued on palm; prehensile edges with two or three low, rounded,
inconspicuous teeth. Legs spinulous above and hairy.

Color—Rather uniform pinkish red. Some very inconspicuous
tiny white dots on carapace and small irregular brownish spots on top
of chelae.

Measurements —Male (57992), length of carapace 12.8, width of
same 20, fronto-orbital width 12.9, frontal width 6 mm.

Range——Florida Reefs; Bahamas; West Indies; Curagao; St.
Thomas Island, west Africa (Osorio).

Material examined.—

FLORIDA.—Miami; G. M. Gray; 1 male (42138).

Cape Florida; 1884; Dr. Edward Palmer; 1 male (9304), 10 speci-
mens (9306).

Biscayne Bay; 1901; James E. Benedict; 1 male (25650).

Rodriguez Creek; 1884; Dr. Edward Palmer; 1 male, 1 female
(9305).

Hawk Channel, 4% miles W. by N. of Elbow Reef beacon; 2%
fathoms; barry, S.; temperature 20.5° C.; February 19, 1903; station
7467, Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous female (53771).

Key West; 1885; Henry Hemphill; 4 males, 2 females (9303).

Bird Key reef, Tortugas; 1924; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie
Institution: July 16; 2 males (60860). Middle section; July 26; 1
male (60724). July 28; Bender collector; 1 female (60861). Northend
of Bird Key reef, ‘‘Channel reef;’’ August 12; 3 males (60862).

BAHAMAS.—Andros Bank; in sponge; Frederick Stearns; specimen
returned to sender.

WEST INDIES.—Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to
sender.

Porto Rico: Type specimens (Paris Mus.). 1899; Fish Hawk:
Mayaguez, January 20, 1 young female (24300); Ponce, February 1,
i specimen (243801); Arroyo, on lighthouse reef, February 3, 1 male
(24302). San Juan; G. M. Gray; specimen returned to sender.

Culebra: Ensenada Honda; February 9-11, 1899; Fish Hawk; 9
males, 5 females (24303).

St. Thomas; January 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female
(8935).

St. Croix; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

464 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Martinique; specimens in Paris Museum.

Barbados: Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of Iowa,
1918: Okra Reef; May 13; 2 males, 2 females (Mus. S. U. I.). One
male S. of station 19, off Needham Point; 84 fathoms; rky.; station 20;
1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). Barbados: May 15, 3 males, 7 females (1
ovigerous), 2 young (Mus. S. U. I.); in coral heads, 1 male (Mus.
S. U.I.), 2 males, 3 females (57992).

CURACAO.—1884; Albatross; 1 female (17815).

Genus XANTHIAS Rathbun

Xanthodes Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, May, 1852, p. 73;
type, X. granosomanus Dana, 1852= Xantho lamarckii Milne Edwards, 1834.
Name preoccupied by Guénee, Jan., 1852, for a genus of Lepidoptera.

Xanihias RatHBun (part), Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 165;
substituted for Xanthodes—OpuNER, Goteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjirde
Féljden, vol. 29, No. 1, 1925, p. 84.

Carapace thick, somewhat depressed posteriorly, inclined down-
ward anteriorly, moderately broad, suboval, regions delimited and to
a certain extent areolated in anterior two-thirds. Fronto-orbital
border half or more than half greatest width of carapace; front
strongly produced, convex, bilobed, outer angles not set off from
orbital border by an emargination. Antero-lateral margin cut into
four lobes or teeth besides the orbital angle. The three grooves of the
orbital margin either fairly distinct or quite indistinct. Basal anten-
nal article broad and very short; the flagellum, about as long as the
greatest width of the orbit, is lodged in the orbital hiatus.

Chelipeds equal or nearly so in both sexes; hands stout; fingers
slender, little curved, tips acute. Legs stoutish, usually more or less
hairy and granulate or rough along upper border. Abdomen of male
with third to fifth segments entirely or partially fused.

As restricted by Odhner this genus inhabits chiefly the Indo-Pacific
region. Only one American species belongs here.

XANTHIAS INORNATUS (Rathbun), new combination
Plate 187

Actaea inornata RatusBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 583, pl. 42,
fig. 3 (type-locality, off Cape St. Roque, Brazil, 20 fathoms, station 2758
[Albatross]; type, Cat. No. 21579, U.S. N. M.).

Xanthias vestitus RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 35, 1922, p. 103
(type-locality, Spanish Harbor, Curagao; type in Amsterdam Museum) ;
Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Amsterdam, vol. 23, 1924, p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 4-6.

Diagnosis.—Size small. Covered with short felt. Carapace gran-
ulate near margins. Wrist and hand granulate. Fingers light
colored.

Description.—Entire animal except extremities of fingers covered
with a very short feltlike pubescence which conceals granules and
other inequalities and obscures the antero-lateral teeth. Carapace

- eee "2

St RS aN et

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 465

very flat posteriorly, anterior third deflexed. When the felt is removed
the regions are fairly well indicated, the urogastric region is depressed,
the grooves forming an H in middle of carapace are especially deep.
Fine granules are scattered sparsely on the antero-lateral, postero-
lateral and posterior portions. Antero-lateral teeth shallow, blunt;
first, or E of Dana, long and low, second and third subequal, fourth
smallest. Carapace very nearly as wide at last tooth as at penulti-
mate. Fronto-orbital distance a little over half as great as width of
carapace; front, between antennae, less than one third the carapace
width, separated from orbital border by a deep groove but without
emergination; anterior margin of front bilobed, median notch V
shaped.

Carpus and manus of subequal chelipeds covered with granules;
fingers light colored; propodal finger horizontal except at tip where it
crosses the dactylus, gape narrow. Ambulatory legs smooth.

Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 4.3, width
5.6, fronto-orbital width 3.1, width of front 1.6 mm. Male holotype
of vestitus, length of carapace 4.6, width 6.4 mm.; female paratype,
length 5.2, width 7.6 mm.

Range.—Curacao; Cape St. Roque, Brazil.

Material examined —Spanish Port, Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der
Horst collector: April 16; 2 males, 2 females (57002), 4 females
(Amsterdam Mus.). May 6; 3 males (1 is holotype of X. vestitus),
4 females (Amsterdam Mus.).

Off Cape St. Roque, Brazil, lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S., long. 34° 47’ 00’’
W., 20 fathoms, brk. Sh., temperature 79° F., December 16, 1887,
Albatross; 1 female, holotype (21579).

Genus PARAXANTHIAS Odhner (part)

Liomera (part) Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 124.

Xanthodes (part) Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, 1852, p. 73.

Xanthias (part) Ratrusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 165.

Parazanthias ODHNER (part), Géteborg’s K. Vet. Handl., Fjarde Féljden, vol. 29,
No. 1, 1925, p. 85; type, P. notatus (Dana).

Carapace broad, suboval or subhexagonal, convex in both direc-
tions, regions well delimited. Antero-lateral margins thick, dentate,
with four divisions not counting the orbital angle which may be
confluent with the first lobe. Frontal lobes obliquely cut, with outer
angles produced and separated by an emargination from the upper
orbital margin. Basal antennal article short and broad, merely touch-
ing front; flagellum lodged in orbital hiatus. Anterior border of
merus of outer maxilliped a little oblique. Chelae distinctly unequal,
both stout; fingers rather short, the movable one strongly curved.
Male abdomen with third to fifth segments fused.

79856—30——31

466 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Odhner divides the genus Xanthias according to the characters of
front and chelae. He groups under Parazxanthias the species notatus
(Dana), pachydactylus (A. Milne Edwards), elegans (Stimpson),
taylor. (Stimpson), all of which have areolated, subhexagonal cara-
paces, strong lateral teeth and stout minor chelae, together with
dispar (Stimpson), longimana (A. Milne Edwards) and alcocki
(Calman), which have almost smooth, barrel-like carapaces, only
slight traces of lateral marginal divisions and very narrow, slender
minor chelae; and also parvus (Borradaile), which is intermediate
between these two subgroups.

I do not believe that any useful purpose is subserved by placing
the species of the two groups together, and because the type species
of the genus Liomera has been transferred to the genus Carpilodes,
I am obliged to make a new genus for the species-dispar and longi-
mana. (See below.) Perhaps parvus should be placed there also.
The species alcocki should remain in the genus Lioxzanthodes, the lateral
lobes of its front not being separated from the inner supra-orbital

angles.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARAXANTHIAS

A!, Manus nodulous.
B'. Each half of frontal margin bituberculate. Legs densely hairy.
taylori, p. 466.
B*?. Each half of frontal margin slightly arcuate except for a small tooth at
outer angle. Legs sparsely hairy_____._.....-..---insculptus, p. 468.
A*, Manus not nodulous. Roughness inconspicuous-_---_------ sulcatus, p. 469.

PARAXANTHIAS TAYLORI (Stimpson)
Plate 188; Plate 189, Figure 1

Xanthodes taylori Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1861, p. 208
[80], pl. 3, fig. 3 (type-locality, Monterey, California; type not extant).

Xanthias taylori Hotmms, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p.
65.—ScumitTt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 246, text-fig.
147, pl. 37, fig. 8, and synonymy.

Parazanthias taylori ODHNER, Géteborg’s K. Vet., Handl., Fjiirde Foljden, vol.
29, No. 1, 1925, p. 85.

Diagnosis.—Carapace subhexagonal, deeply areolated; antero-
lateral teeth strong. Carpus and manus with prominent smooth
tubercles.

Description —Carapace flat behind, in front strongly convex
longitudinally but nearly plane transversely. Areolets anteriorly
embossed. Lobes of front separated by a wide rounded median
notch and furnished with a rounded tooth at inner and outer angles,
between which are several tubercles; above the front a transverse
crenulated ridge; inner orbital angle prominent, separated by a deep
notch from outer angle of front; upper orbital margin with a rounded
tooth which is bounded on either side by a deep sulcus; postorbital
tooth small and continuous posteriorly with a rounded protuberance;

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 467

the latter separated by a smooth sulcus from a subconical tubercle;
three posterior teeth on antero-lateral margin prominent, the last
two curved forward, the first obtuse and gene ‘al! 7 more or less bifid;
from it a row of two or three tubercles extead: forward below the
margin; usually there is a small tooth behind the une at antero-lateral
angle.

Chelipeds stout, more or less unequal; carpus covered with promi-
nent, rounded, smooth, glossy, rose-colored tubercles. Hand oblong,
longer than wide, upper and outer surface covered with tubercles
like those on carpus, arranged in seven or eight longitudinal rows;
fingers stout, gaping in major chela, almost meeting in smaller.

Color—Uniform dark red, lighter below; fingers black, the black
not extending back upon hand.

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (23920), total length of carapace
25.2, width 42 mm.

Range.—Monterey Bay, California, to Magdalena Bay, Lower
California. Beach to 55 fathoms. Abundant under stones between
tides and also in kelp holdfasts from deeper water.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA.—Monterey Bay; under rocks, low tide mark to
mean tide; Harold Heath; 1 male (22871).

Monterey; Henry Hemphill; 1 female (3290).

Pacific Grove: John C. Brown; 5 specimens (23920). Ida 8S.
Oldroyd; 1918; 1 male, 5 females (54011).

Venice breakwater; Venice Marine Biological Station: 1 female
(45580). October 29, 1913; P. S. Barnhart, Anton Dohrn; 2 males
(50191); 1 male (50292).

Point Vincent; from rocks; 1918; H. N. Lowe; 10 specimens
(51125).

San Pedro; E. P. Chace: December 15, 1918; 1 male, 1 female
(54000). May 4, 1919; 1 female, 1 young (53904).

San Pedro; Anton Dohrn, Venice Marine Biological Station: Foot
of breakwater, February 21, 1913; 1 male (50192). Portuguese
Bend; littoral; June 26, 1914; 1 male, 1 female (50196).

San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 1 female (19733).

Long Beach; H. N. Lowe; 3 males, 2 females (50546).

Seal Beach, south of Long Beach; March 2, 1919; E. P. and E. M.
Chace; 2 young (53999).

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 1 young (50594); 1 male (48992).

Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island; W. H. Dall: 40 to 60
fathoms; 1 young (4279). 1874; 30 to 40 fathoms; sandy mud; 2
females (14749). 1874; beach; 6 males, 2 females (14750).

Santa Catalina Island; Anton Dohrn, Venice Marine Biological Sta-
tion: Catalina Harbor; April 1, 1915; 1 male (50293). West shore,
Catalina Harbor; December 28, 1912; 1 male, 3 females (50193).

468 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Avalon Bay; October 22, 1910; P. S. Barnhart; 2 young (50198).
Isthmus; December 27, 1912; 1 young (50195). Isthmus Harbor;
November 27, 1913; 27 males, 16 females (50199).

San Nicholas Island; H. N. Lowe; 5 males, 1 female (32973).

San Clemente Island; January, 1899; H. N. Lowe; 1 female (23060).

La Jolla: March 6, 1898; Albatross; 1 female (21780). From kelp
holdfast on beach; August 18, 1918; W. L. Schmitt; 3 young (53981).
Tide pools; September 22, 1918; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young (53980).

San Diego: Henry Hemphill; 8 males, 12 females (17535). C. R.
Orcutt; 1 male, i female (17303).

Southern California; 1874; W. H. Dall; 20 males, 12 females, 11
young (14751).

Southern California; Anton Dohrn, Venice Marine Biological Station:
lL male (50194), 1 female (50197). February 19, 1913; 4 males, 5
females (50189). March 13, 1913; 10 males, 8 females (50190).

Off southern California; Albatross; 1 male (18178).

LOWER CALIFORNIA.—Cortez Bank; lat. 32° 23’ 30’ N.;
long. 119° 02’ 15’’ W.; 55 fathoms; gray sand; temperature 53.1° F.;
January 16, 1889; 1 young male (17396).

PARAXANTHIAS INSCULPTUS (Stimpson), new combination
Plate 189, Figure 4
Xanthodes insculpia Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 105 [15] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).
Xanthias insculptus Ratusun, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 271.
Pilumnoides pusillus Ratasun, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902. p. 281,
pl. 12, figs. 9 and 10 (type-locality, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island; cotype, Cat.
No. 24832, U.S.N.M.).—Boons, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 215, text-fig. 78.
Aanthias insculpta RatHsun, Zoologica, vol. 5, 1924, p. 157, text-fig. 38.—
Boone, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 207, figs. 74 A and 74 B (megalops).
Diagnosis —Carapace areolate, chelipeds nodulous. Palm with two
longitudinal ridges. 7 |
Description —Carapace naked, slightly convex, somewhat lobulate,
the protogastric region
divided in two by a lon-
gitudinal furrow, median
furrow also deep, the area
adjacent to the antero-
<2) lateral margin broken up
into four or five lobules;

entire surface very finely
FIGURE 77.—PARAXANTHIAS INSCULPTUS, MALE (24832), CARAPACE eranulate. M argin of

3 MM. WIDE. a. CHELA. b. DORSAL VIEW OF CRAB Foarthaliilaies slich tly ;
convex except for a squarish tooth at outer angle. Orbital margin
with two shallow V-shaped fissures above and one below outer angle.

— Se

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 469

Antero-lateral border distinctly marked, almost limbed, and furnished
with five teeth, including the orbital tooth which is small and little
prominent; second, third, and fourth teeth subequal, fifth much smaller.
From it a crest extends obliquely inward and backward on carapace.

Chelipeds not very unequal, covered with large tubercles or nodules,
five or six on the carpus, nine or ten on the manus. A granulated
longitudinal ridge on outer surface of manus; immovable finger with
two carinae, the lower of which extends back on the palm. Dactylus
with a deep superior furrow. ‘The fingers of the larger cheliped when
closed leave asmall hiatus at base, those of the smaller cheliped either
have a smaller hiatus or fit tight together. Legs sparsely hairy.

Measurements.—Male, type of insculpta, length 0.12 inches (3 mm.),
width 0.17 inches (4.3 mm.). Male (57145), length 3, width 4 mm.
Male, type of pusillus, a postlarval stage, length 2.4, width 3 mm.
Miss Boone gives for insculpia, length 12, width 14 mm.; this propor-
tion is impossible and is not borne out by her Figure 74 A.

Range——From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to the
Galapagos Islands.

Material examined. —Galapagos Islands:

Reef north of Tagus Hill, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island; March 16,
1899; Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition; 2 males, cotypes
(Stanford Univ. and 24832, U.S.N.M.).

Off Eden Island, northwest of Indefatigable Island; April 1, 1923;
Williams Galapagos Expedition; 1 male (N. Y. Zool. Soc.), 1 young
(57745).

PARAXANTHIAS SULCATUS (Faxon), new combination
Plate 189, Figures 2 and 3

Xanthodes sulcatus Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 152 (type-

Jocality, off Panama, 153 fathoms, station 3391; type, the measured male,

M. C. Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 17, pl. 3, fig. 2, 2a.
Xanthias sulcatus RatHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898,

pe 2A.

Diagnosis—Carapace suboval. Lateral teeth very small. Gran-

ulation and tuberculation inconspicuous. Legs slender.
_ Description—Carapace very convex from before backward, gran-
ulated, granulation coarsest on lower surface and near borders of
upper surface. Deeply impressed grooves separate the gastric from
the branchial regions, and the mesogastric from the lateral gastric
lobes. The median groove which extends from the mesogastric
region to the front is crossed a short distance behind the frontal mar-
gin by a transverse groove, which meets on each side another groove
running parallel to the upper margin of the orbit; in this way there
are marked off a pair of frontal and a pair of orbital areolets. Frontal

470 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

margin in general horizontal, its two lobes slightly convex, finely
denticulate, a small triangular tooth at outer angle, separated from
the upper orbital angle by a notch. Antero-lateral border of carapace
armed with four small spines or teeth; no tooth at external orbital
angle. Of the teeth the first is smallest, third largest, second and
fourth of about equal size; margins of teeth denticulate.

Chelipeds short, unsymmetrical; merus granulated on outer face,
spinulous on upper edge and grooved near articulation with carpus.
Carpus granulated on outer side, and having a tooth at inner angle.
Major propodus inflated, granular along upper margin and at proxi-
mal end of outer face where some of the granules are enlarged and
tubercular. Minor propodus with subparallel margin, rough all over
the outer face. Meri of ambulatory legs finely roughened.

Measurements —Male type, length of carapace 8, width 11, length
of large chela 10, width of same 5 mm. (Faxon). Female (20053),
length of carapace 7.6, width 11.2, fronto-orbital width 6.6, frontal
width 3.6 mm.

Range.—Off Panama, 153 to 182 fathoms.

Material examined —Off Panama; 1891; Albatross:

Lat. 7° 33’ 40’’ N., long. 79° 43’ 20’ W.; 153 fathoms; gn. M.;
temperature 55.8° F.; March 9; station 3391; 1 male (type), 3 females
(4483, M. C. Z.).

Lat. 7° 12’ 20’ N., long. 80° 55’ 00’’ W.; 182 fathoms; bk. G. Sh.;
temperature 54.1° F.; February 23; station 3355; 1 male, 2 females

(20053).
Genus EUCRATODES A. Milne Edwards

Eucratodes A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 346; type, H#. agas-
sizit A. Milne Edwards; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 14.—
RatuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 35.

Carapace oval, of moderate width, antero-lateral margins arcuate,
feebly dentate, postero-lateral converging. Fronto-orbital width
about two-thirds the greatest width of carapace. Frontal lobes
entire. No upper fissures on orbital margin, a shallow emargination
below. Basal article of antennae short, just touching a prolongation
of front; the flagellum lies in the orbital hiatus. Antennules folded
transversely. Buccal cavity broad; margin of epistome with two
notches on each side; endostome without ridge. Merus of outer
maxillipeds subquadrilateral, notched at inner angle for articulation
of palpus. Chelipeds of moderate size and nearly equal; fingers
pointed. Ambulatory legs slender, smooth; dactyli elongate. Third,
fourth, and fifth segments of abdomen fused; third segment angular
at sides, reaching coxae of fifth pair of feet.

Akin to Metopocarcinus. Contains only one species.

Sse ear es Oe eS A RS ee Se es a =

Sa se SS ee

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 471

EUCRATODES AGASSIZII A. Milne Edwards
Plate 190
Eucratodes agassizii A. Mitnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 347, pl. 61,
fig. 1-le (type-locality, 100 fathoms, west of Florida; type not located);
Bull. Mus. Comp. ZodJ., vol. 8, 1880, p. 14, (type-locality corrected to 100
fathoms at lat. 21° 14’ N. [Yucatan Channel], collected by Stimpson) .—
RatTuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 35.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins dentate. Front one-third as
wide as carapace. Basal antennal segment touching prolongation
of front. Dactyli of legs long and straight.

Description.—Carapace thick, very convex in an antero-posterior
direction, slightly convex transversely; regions scarcely indicated
except for the H-shaped depression at middle of carapace; surface
smooth to naked eye, but under the lens it is punctate and obscurely
granulate, except along antero-lateral margin, where the granules are
plainly seen. Antero-lateral margin obscurely five-toothed, first or
orbital tooth small; second rounded and separated from the first by a
shallow sinus, as in species of Hurypanopeus; third larger, but little
prominent; fourth not so wide but most prominent; fifth small. Front
slightly bilobed, lobes separately convex; a short closed median fissure;
margin thin. Lower surface of carapace coarsely granulate. The
arm has a superior subterminal tooth, the wrist a blunt inner tooth.
Surface of chelipeds similar to that of carapace; lower surface of
palms coarsely granulate. Dactylus of larger hand with a large basal
tooth. The brown color of the fixed finger covers only its distal half.
The chela figured by Milne Edwards is the smaller of the two; the
larger is more swollen. Ambulatory legs pubescent, margins hairy.

Color.—Pale yellow; fingers brown (A. Milne Edwards).

Measurements.—Male (24318), length of carapace 6.2, width of
same 8.5, fronto-orbital width 5.5, width of front 2.8 mm. Young
male (24319), length of carapace 3.3, width of same 4.2 mm.

Variations.—The type male is intermediate in size between the two
above measured; it shows only three lateral teeth on the carapace, on
account of the suppression of the second and fifth teeth shown in the
largest specimen. The teeth of the young male (see above) are also
undeveloped.

Range.—Porto Rico; Yucatan, Mexico,

Material examined —Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Off Aguadilla;
Point de Borinquen lighthouse, NE. by N. % N., 3% miles; 137
fathoms; S. M. Sh.; temperature 24° C.; January 18; station 6055;
1 male (24318). Mayaguez Harbor; Point del Algarrobo, E., 454 miles;
161-172 fathoms; M. S.; temperature 23° C.; January 20; station
6066; 1 young male (24319).

472 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Genus MENIPPE de Haan

Menippe pp Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, pp. 4 and 21; type, M. rumphit
(Fabricius).

Carapace broad, transversely oval, moderately convex fore and aft,
very slightly so from side to side; regions, except gastric, little de-
fined. Several pits form a semicircle on either side opposite the last
two lateral teeth. Antero-lateral borders long, strongly arched, cut
into four teeth besides orbital; postero-lateral borders slightly
shorter than antero-lateral, convergent; posterior border short.
Front narrow, about a fifth or less than a fifth the greatest breadth
of carapace, rather prominent, almost horizontal, cut into two lobes,
the outer angle of each of which forms a distinct tooth or lobule.
Orbit with three grooves near the outer angle well marked; inner
orbital angles, both upper and lower, pronounced. Eyes on short,
thick stalks. Side edges of front not turned down; the short basal
antennal article does not nearly reach the front, so that the cavities
of orbits and antennules are not properly separated; next antennal
article just reaches front, and the long antennary flagellum stands in
the orbital hiatus. Antennules fold nearly transversely. Anterior
edge of merus of external maxillipeds oblique and a little sinuous but
not excised. Ridges of endostome complete, but low and faint.
Chelipeds massive, a little unequal in both sexes; fingers stout,
pointed, not hollowed. Abdomen of male singularly broad, all seven
segments distinct.

Indo-Pacific region; both coasts of middle America.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MENIPPE

A!, Surface of carapace not nodose, almost smooth. Antero-lateral teeth or
lobes shallow or little projecting. A stridulating apparatus present.

B'. Margin of front with two lobules on outer side of each submedian lobe.

C!. Second antero-lateral lobe not bilobate. Two lobes or teeth on lower

oLbitalomarcing el sre ee eee eee te ee mercenaria, p. 472.

C?. Second antero-lateral lobe bilobate. Three lobes on lower orbital
TITAN ee oe aan” ee PN WER 8 eee frontalis, p. 477.

B?. Margin of front with one lobule on outer side of each submedian lobe.
Second antero-lateral lobe bilobate__._._...-.-------- obtusa, p. 478.

A®. Surface of carapace anteriorly nodose. Antero-latera!l teeth strong, project-
ing well out from carapace. No stridulating apparatus_-_nodifrons, p. 479.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
mercenaria frontalis
MENIPPE MERCENARIA (Say)
STONE CRAB
Plates 191-193

Cancer mercenaria Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 448
(type-locality, ‘‘the southern states”; type, 114.3 mm. wide, not extant).
Xantho mercenaria MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 399.

Set ets Seen esr

"
i

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 473

Pseudocarcinus ocellatus Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p.
409 (type-locality unknown; type in Paris Mus.).

Pseudocarcinus mercenarius Gispes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Ady. Sci., vol. 3, 1850,
p. 176 [12].

Menippe ocellata von Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 87.

Menippe mercenaria Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859,
p. 53 [7]|—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 262, pl. 47
(colored) and 48, fig. 3—R. Rarusun, Fisheries and Fishery Industries of
the U. S., sec. 1, 1893, p. 772, pl. 264——Hay and Snore, Bull. Bur. Fish-
eries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 439, pl. 35, fig. 8.

Menipe ocellata GunpuAcH and TorrauBas, Anales Acad. Cien. Habana, vol.
36, 1900, p. 369, not text-fig. 5G.

Diagnosis.—Carapace smooth, not lumpy. Antero-lateral teeth

AFTER R, RATHBUN

FIGURE 78.—MENIPPE MERCENARIA, MALE, CHARLESTON, DORSAL VIEW.

low, not prominent. A stridulating organ on inner side of palm.

Black not wholly covering fingers but ending obliquely.
Description.—Carapace minutely granulate, punctate, not nodu-

lose; epigastric areas slightly elevated. Two large pits mark the

474 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

widest part of the mesogastric region. Anterior part of this region
outlined; crescentic grooves at middle of carapace well marked.
Each lobe of front is oblique and subdivided into three, one large
submedian and two small. Inner supraorbital tooth with transverse
anterior margin; outer angle obtuse, not advanced; lower margin
bidentate, inner tooth prominent, outer one lower than the inner,
but similar to and almost merged with the tooth above it, but more
advanced. Second to fourth lateral teeth shallow, more or less trun-
cate or lobiform, having short anterior and long posterior margins,
which meet at an obtuse angle. Fourth tooth subdentiform, last
tooth dentiform, blunt, projecting outward; from it a low, blunt ridge
runs obliquely backward.

Dactylus of major chela with a large basal tooth, fixed finger with
a large subbasal tooth; other teeth few and large. The fingers of the
minor chela have numerous small teeth. The dark color of the fin-
gers ends in an uneven or broken, oblique line, the color extending
the length of the prehensile edge but little more than half the length
of the outer edge. On the distal upper half of the inner surface of
both palms in both male and female there is a broad oblong patch
of striae obliquely placed, which serves as a stridulating organ. It is
adapted for playing against the thick edge of the second and third
antero-lateral teeth and the outer suborbital tooth. There is a series
of granules on the suborbital and subhepatic regions which may pro-
vide the element of friction, although the articulation of the arm
seems not to permit this. There is a row of these round or oblong
granules or small tubercles behind and parallel to the lower orbital
border, and on the second and third antero-lateral lobes, besides a
few granules toward the buccal cavity.

Color—Young specimens, a dark purplish blue, the very young
always with a white spot on the wrist; with age the color becomes a
dark brownish red more or less mottled and spotted with dusky
gray. (Hay.) Fingers black; legs ornamented with red and yellow
bands.

Measurements—Male (32250), total length of carapace 85.6, width
of same 127, fronto-orbital width 47, width of front 24.6 mm.

Habitat—The young are hatched at intervals throughout the
spring and summer and, after having assumed the crab form, appear
to resort to the deeper channels of the harbor where they live under
the shell fragments with which such bottoms are covered. On at-
taining a width of half an inch or thereabouts they move into shal-
lower water and may be found among the oyster shells and the rocks
about the harbor jetties. Here they live until they have attained
full size, when, if circumstances seem to demand it, they move to
some shoal and just below low-tide mark make burrows. These

——

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bate.

Gastric, cardiac, and intestinal

Description. Punctae of surface
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small.

regions and anterior part of mesogastric
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A tubercle on either side of

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478 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

higherandrounded. Thesecond to fifth antero-lateral teeth or lobes are
similar to those of mercenaria except that the second is more advanced,
more transverse, and is subdivided by a shallow sinus into two lobules.

On the upper distal quarter of the inner face of the palm there is an
oblong patch, vertically placed, of-parallel oblique striae. There are
certain fixed points on the carapace against which the striae may be
scraped; they are small tubercles, mostly oblong and whitish, situated
as follows: One oblong on the lower surface of the median and outer
suborbital lobes, two further back near the angle of the buceal cavity;
and just below the antero-lateral margin one small tubercle on each
lobule of the second lobe and two or three on the third lobe or tooth.
This stridulating apparatus is present on a specimen only 18 mm. wide.
Black of fingers not covering their base but ending in an irregular,
mostly scalloped line.

Color.—General color of preserved specimens red. Outer face of
manus reticulated with yellow.

Measurements —Male (60758) total length of carapace 86, width of
same 128, fronto-orbital width 45.6, width of front 20.8 mm.

Range-—West coast of Nicaragua to Peru.

Material examined.—Nicaragua; Dr. Carl Flint; 1 female (8812).

Panama: J. H. Sternbergh collector; 2 males, 1 female (17300).
Chame Point; June—July, 1912; Robert Tweedlie, Smithsonian Bio-
logical Survey; 1 young (59310). Canal Zone; August, 1915; J.
Zetek; 1 male, paper shell (48807).

Paita, Peru; under rocks, low tide; October 8, 1926; W. L. Schmitt;
3 males, 19 females (60758); a fine series of large specimens, the first
recorded from Peru.

Locality unknown; 1 male (13885).

MENIPPE OBTUSA Stimpson
Plates 197; 198, Figures 1 and 2
Menippe obtusa Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 53 [7]
(type-locality, Panama; type, Cat. No. 2050, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis ——A single lobule on frontal margin next to each sub-
median lobe. Front channeled just above the lobes. Second antero-
lateral lobe bilobate. Stridulating organ of palm unlike in the sexes.

Description.—Carapace nearly smooth and even, flattened posteri-
orly; a tubercle on each side of front and of epigastric region. Gas-
tric region defined. Frontal region channeled along the margin
above the lobes. A single lobule behind each frontal lobe, forming
an oblique row with the obtuse, tuberculiform inner angle of orbit.
Outer angle of orbit low and blunt; the tooth below it blunt and a
little more advanced; tooth at inner lower angle large and rounded.
Between these last two, on ventral surface and not projecting to
orbital margin there is a tubercle. Antero-lateral teeth similar to
those of frontalis, but the second lobe is bilobate.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 479

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The palms are furnished with a large lobe within, at the proximal
end of the upper surface. On the distal upper quarter of the inner sur-
face of each palm there is a suboval stridulating area formed of parallel
oblique striae; these are entire in the male and in the major chela of
the female, but are broken into short lengths and utriculiform granules
in the minor chela of the female. This area as in frontalis is played
upon by a series of small, elongate, whitish tubercles; two are on the
outer and middle tubercles below the orbit, two are on the lobules of
the second antero-lateral lobe, two others on the adjacent end of the
third lobe, and one is near the angle of the buccal cavity; besides
there are several granules on the suborbital and subhepatic region.
A young female only 10.2 wide shows the stridulating apparatus.

The dark color of the fingers very nearly covers them to the base
in the male and major chela of the female; in the minor chela of the
female it is more extensive on the immovable finger, reaching from
the interdigital sinus obliquely backward some distance on the palm.

Color—Of preserved specimen reddish, mottled or banded.
(Stimpson.)

Measurements —Female holotype, total length of carapace 30.4,
width of same 43, fronto-orbital width 20, width of front 9.5 mm.
Male (17301), length 35.5, width 52 mm. Female (17301), length
38.8, width 56.3 mm.

Range.—Pacific side of Costa Rica and Panama.

Material examined.—Punta Arenas, Costa Rica; specimen in
Copenhagen Museum.

Panama: J. H. Sternbergh; 1 female holotype, 1 young female
(2050). Henry A. Ward; 1 male, 1 female (17301).

Remarks.—In the female, 17301, the major chela is abnormal;
although of large size, the fingers partake of the nature of the minor
fingers, being more elongate than in the type female, the fixed finger
having five teeth in place of three and the black color running along
the base of the palm as in the minor chela.

MENIPPE NODIFRONS Stimpson
Plate 198, Figure 3; Plate 199

Pseudocarcinus rumphit Minne Epwarps, vol. 1, 1834, p. 408. Not Cancer
rumphii Fabricius, Ent. Sys., Suppl., 1798, p. 336.

Menippe rumphii Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 179.—
Situ, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p. 34.—Srimpson, Ann.
Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 106 [16]—A. Mitne Epwarps,
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 263, pl. 48, figs. 4—4b.

Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 53
[7] (type-locality, Indian River, Florida; type not extant).

Carpilius corallinus GunpLacH and Torratpas, Anales Acad. Cien. Habana,
vol. 36, 1900, p. 367, text-fig. 4 G.

Menippe rumphi? A. MitnE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél.,
vol. 47, 1923, p. 316.

480 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

‘

Diagnosis —Antero-lateral regions lumpy; lateral teeth promi-
nent. No stridulating organ on inner side of palm. Black of fingers
not continued quite to palm and ending irregularly though not
obliquely.

Description Surface covered with crowded depressed granules
and coarse punctae. Gastric region distinct and divided into five
subregions; on the epigastric regions there is a pair of lobules which
with a similar pair on the front form a quadrilateral, those of the
anterior pair further apart than those of the posterior. A low eleva-
tion nearly parallel with the curve of the antero-lateral border
crosses either branchial region; other shorter elevations cross the
hepatic and protogastric regions. ‘The frontal margin consists of two
prominent, submedian, well-separated, arcuate lobes outside of each
of which are two smaller lobes forming an oblique line; the inner of
these small lobes is sometimes obliterated in the old. Inner angle
of orbit thick, obtusangled; outer angle thick, blunt; lower margin
forming two subequal lobes separated by a rounded sinus, the outer
lobe directly below the smaller outer supraorbital angle. Antero-
lateral border rather sharp and divided into four prominent lobes of
which the first two are broadly rounded, the last two dentiform,
obtuse, strongly projecting sideways; from the last one a ridge
extends obliquely inward on the carapace.

Inner angle of wrist bluntly prominent. Legs with upper border
of carpus and both borders of propodus hairy; dactylus more thickly
hairy.

Color—Reddish; feet banded with red and yellowish; fingers
black.

Measurements.—Male (59309), total length of carapace 49, width of
same 72, fronto-orbital width 25.8, width of front 14.7 mm.

Range.—From Indian River, Florida and Gulf of Mexico to State
of Santa Catharina, Brazil. West Africa.

Material examined.—

UNITED STATES.—Indian River, Florida; U. S. Fish Com-
mission; specimen returned to sender.

Cameron, Louisiana; R. P. Cowles; 1 male (30566).

WEST INDIES.—Cuba; JYomas Barrera Expedition, Henderson
and Bartsch: June 8-9, 1914; station 16; 1 young female (48524).
Guantanamo Bay; station 24; 1 male (50537).

Cuba: Cojimar Playa, near Havana; Melbourne Ward; 1 male;
returned.

Jamaica: March 1-11, 1884; Albatross; 4 males, 6 females, 2 young
(17781). T. H. Morgan; 1 ovigerous female (17213). J. E. Duer-
den; specimens returned to sender. Kingston Harbor: 1893; R. P.
Bigelow, 2 males (17968); P. W. Jarvis, specimens returned to sender.
C. R. Orcutt: 3 males, 1 pair chelipeds (62530); Kingston, 1 cheliped
(62529); Harbor Head, Kingston, 1 female (61130).

.
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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 481

St. Thomas Harbor, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; July 13, 1915;
C. R. Shoemaker; 1 female (53758), gift of Carnegie Institution.

TRINIDAD.—February, 1878; Crosby; 11 young (56831),
received from Boston Society of Natural History.

PANAMA.—Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey:
Toro Point, Canal Zone; January 25, 1912; 2 females (59309, 59311).
Fox Bay, Colon; January 20, 1912; 1 ovigerous female (59308).
Porto Bello; April 24-28, 1911; 1 male (44178). Colon (Aspinwall);
4 fathoms; 1884; Albatross; 1 female (7646). Colon Harbor; on dock
piles; 1923; Wiliams Galapagos Expedition; 1 young (57734), from
New York Zoological Society.

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 1 female
(7568).

BRAZIL.—Branner-Agassiz Expedition; A. W. Greeley, collector;
1899: Mamanguape stone reef; June 20 and 23; 2 young (25721).
Rio Goyanna stone reef; June 18; 1 female (25722). Pernambuco
stone reef at Ilha de Nogueira; July 10; 1 young (25723). Coral
reef, Maceio, Alagéas; July 22; 1 male, 2 females (25724).

Ilha Governador; outside mouth of river; from under rocks,
sponges, and bunches of bryozoa; September 1, 1925; W. L.
Schmitt; 1 male (60759).

Paqueta; August 19, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (60762).

Conto do Rio, Nictheroy; tide pool, on sides and in water; August
22, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 2 young (60764).

Ilha dos Buzios, Sao Paulo; 1906; Fr. Gunther, collector; received
from H. von Ihering; 1 female (47832).

Villa Bella, Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, SAo Paulo; Beach; September
24, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (60761). October, 1925; H. Lue-
derwaldt, collector; 4 young (60763); received from W. L. Schmitt.

Bahia de Guanavara; 1923; C. Fernetz; 1 female; returned to
Buenos Aires Museum.

Saco Sao Francisco, Bahia de Guanavara; 1923; C. Fernetz; 1
ovigerous female; returned to Buenos Aires Museum.

Sao Francisco do Sul; October 5, 1925; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male
(60760).

Brazil; 1 specimen (16422); received from W. H. Dall.

WEST AFRICA.—Gabon, French Congo; specimen in Paris Mus.

Genus PILUMNUS Leach

Pilumnus Leacu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, 1815, pp. 309 and 321; type
P. hirtellus (Linnaeus).

Acanthus Locxineron, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 32;
type, A. spino-hirsutus Lockington.

Eupilumnus KossMAnn (not Kingsley), Zool. Ergeb. Reise Kiistengeb. Rothen
Meeres, Crust., 1877, p. 38; type, E. actumnoides (A. Milne Edwards).

79856—30 32

482 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Parapilumnus KossmMann, Zool. Ergeb. Reise Kiistengeb. Rothen Meeres,
Crust., 1877, p. 38; type, P. cristimanus (A. Milne Edwards).

Carapace and legs generally covered with hair. Carapace trans-
versely oval or subquadrilateral, declivous anteriorly, flat posteriorly,
not greatly broader than long; the regions, as a rule, but moderately
plainly demarcated and areolated. Antero-lateral borders not longer,
but commonly shorter than postero-lateral, and cut into teeth which
are oftenspiniform. Front usually about a third the greatest breadth
of carapace, but sometimes broader; cut into two lobes, the outer
angle of each of which commonly forms an independent dentiform or
spiniform lobule separated from the supra-orbital angle by a groove
or notch. The orbits generally have a gap or fissure just below the
outer angle, and one or two gaps or notches in the upper border;
inner lower orbital angle commonly sharp and prominent. Eyes
moderately long and slender. The antennules fold transversely.
Basal antennal article short, either not quite touching the front or
just touching it by its inner angle; the flagellum, which is planted in
the orbital hiatus, is long, usually very much longer than the major
diameter of orbit. Ridges of endostome, defining expiratory chan-
nels, plain, but not very high; anterior border of merus of external
maxillipeds almost transverse and not notched. Chelipeds stout,
the fingers coarse, short, and pointed. Legs usually stout and of
moderate length. The abdomen of male consists of seven separate
segments.

Found on the American coasts from North Carolina to Argentina
and from San Pedro, California, to Peru. Also inhabits other tropical
and warm temperate seas.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PILUMNUS

A!. Margin of frontal lobes more or less convex.
B'!. Antero-lateral spines or teeth four, or occasionally three, including the
outer orbital one.
C!. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, less than twice as long as cara-
pace.
D'. Palms hairy or partly hairy.
E!. Major palm partly smooth and bare on outer surface.
F!, Hair on carapace not covering the whole carapace or
not forming so thick a coat as to conceal the surface

beneath.
G!. Two or more superhepatic spines. All long spines
black or dark colored..----------- sayi, p. 484.

G2. No superhepatic spines.
H'. Major palm smooth on larger part of outer

BUTtAace Ate ey dasypodus, p. 493.
H2, Major palm rough on larger part of outer
surface.

J‘, Frontal lobes deep, margins arcuate.
Orbit unarmed above----quoyi, p. 510.
J?. Frontal lobes shallow.

oA
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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 483

K!, Margins of carapace long spined.
Li, Frontal lobes edged with 5 or
more denticles or spinules.
Lateral spines more or less
compound_-_-caribaeus, p. 491.
L’, Frontal lobes edged with 3 spines.

Lateral spines simple.
townsendi, p. 504.
K2, Lateral and orbital margins armed
with spiniform teeth. Frontal mar-
gin spinulous__--depressus, p. 506.
F2, Hair covering the whole carapace and forming a thick
coat concealing the surface beneath.

G!. Chelipeds spinous above. A transverse row of

long hairs across front__----- fioridanus, p. 507.
G?. Chelipeds not spinous above. Carapace tuber-
culate.

H!, Felt-like covering of carapace forming well
defined areoles, deeply separated from one
another. Half or less than half of outer
surface of major palm bare and smooth.

holosericus, p. 519.

H?, Felt-like covering of carapace not forming
well defined, deeply separated areolets.

J‘. Anterior half of carapace and upper surface
of chelipeds dotted with bead-like tuber-
cles. Upper margin of orbit furnished
with truncate spines__pannosus, p. 514.

J?. Tubercles of carapace not numerous nor
prominent. Upper margin of orbit not
spinousie:) sens'2 ta ae lacteus, p. 511.

E?, Major palm with outer surface rough all over or nearly so.
F!, Carapace covered with a dense pubescence in which
are set small tubercles regularly placed.

G!. Hairy covering short and trim. A small bare,
smooth spot on major palm at base of immovable
hingerhes. Ye see ee ee limosus, p. 518.

G2. Hairy covering short; long tubular hairs inter-
spersed, numerous on legs and chelipeds giving
them a ragged appearance. Red bead tubercles
showing on carapace, chelipeds and legs.

gemmatus, p. 513.
F2, Carapace pubescent and hairy but not so densely as to
conceal the surface beneath.

G!, Carapace and chelipeds spinous. Carapace nar-
now, about one-fourth wider than long; antero-
lateral margin short. Spines of carpus of am-
bulatory legs normal to the article.

diomedeae, p. 501.

G2. Carapace and chelipeds granulate, without spines.

pygmaeus, p. 515.

iD SePalmamaked= oe ee eee eee nudimanus, p. 523.

C?, Ambulatory legs very long and slender, the longest ones twice as long
as carapace.

484 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

D', Frontal lobes arcuate, finely denticulate_______ marshi, p. 499,
D?*. Frontal lobes spinulous or spinous______-_- gracilipes, p. 499.
B?. Antero-lateral spines or teeth five including the outer orbital one.
C!. Outer surface of major palm partly smooth.
D'. First two antero-lateral spines nearer together than the others,
sometimes united at base. Margins of front and orbit long-
SPO Cheek pare) Se | ee toa he aS spinohirsutus, p. 503.
D?. First two antero-lateral spines small. Margin of front granulate,
of orbit: spinulous atimost...-..0..-i22.-.. miersii, p. 510.

C?. Outer surface of major palm everywhere rough with spines or gran-—

ules.
D'. Upper margin of orbit and margins of ambulatory legs un-
LTE Ess ge py ts pn Tce se Se vieoye EONS es RES xantusii, p. 486.
D?. Upper margin of orbit spined, ambulatory legs spinulous.
gonzalensis, p. 505.
E!, Carapace largely flat. Front spined.
E?. Carapaceconvex. Front granulate______-- longleyi, p. 502.
A?. Margin of frontal lobes distinctly oblique and concave, sometimes nearly
straight.
B'. Carapace one-half wider than long. A subhepatic tubercle present.
Greater part of outer surface of major palm bare_--reticulatus, p. 521.
C'. Lateral teeth lobiform, flattened in a plane perpendicular to the
aorntnaes. Sa" Sete Maa BS reticulatus, typical, p. 522.
C?. Lateral teeth with acute edge corresponding to marginal line of
Carapacessn jogs aie. amo! reticulatus forma tessellata, p. 522.
C’. Some of the tubercles of carapace and chelipeds stalked and flattened
above, mushroom-like______-_- reticulatus forma fragosa. p. 522,
B?. Carapace narrower. Both palms rough outside.

C!. Antero-lateral marginal spines small. No subhepatic tubercle or
USO LOR Os Gat ay ee eS pe su 5 A ea le aR a aa stimpsonii, p. 524,
C?. Marginal spines long; three at inner end of orbit curving over eye-

stalk. Subhepatic region covered with sharp granules.
spinosissimus, p. 494.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PILUMNUS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
sayt rantusit
longleyi spinohirsutus
holosericus limosus

PILUMNUS SAYI Rathbun
Plate 200, Figures 1 and 2; Plate 201, Figures 4-7

Jancer aculeatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 449
(type-localities, Georgia and E. Florida; type not extant); not C. aculeatus
O. Fabricius, 1780, nor Herbst, 1790.

Pilumnus aculeatus GutRIN-MENEVILLE, Icon. Régne Anim. Cuvier, 1829 (?),
pl. 3, figs. 2-2c—MiLng Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 420.—
A. Mitnze Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 282, pl. 50, fig. 1—-1c.

Pilumnus sayi RatuBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 15 (name sayi sub-
stituted for aculeatus preoccupied in Cancer)—A. Minne Epwarps and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 320.

Diagnosis.—Four lateral marginal spines, two superhepatic spines.
Long spines of body and appendages black or dark brown, color

ree

——

earns

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 485

persisting. Outer surface of major palm of adult partly smooth and
bare. Three spines or spinules on edge of each frontal lobe.

Description.—Carapace about three-fourths as long as wide, ante-
rior half semicircular, strongly deflexed, posterior half with sides con-
stricted. Dorsal surface with a thin coat of short downy hair inter-
spersed with many long stout hairs with pointed tips; hair scanty on
posterior third. When the hair is removed the fine granular hair
sockets are revealed, forming a rough surface. On the hepatic region
are two long curved dorsal spines with sometimes 1, 2, or 3 supple-
mentary spines, and one long spine just below the lateral margin
between the first and second marginal spines. The marginal spines
are four in number, including the outer orbital spine. Orbit armed
with 3 long spines above and 4 long and 2 or 3 short spines below,
the short ones between the 2 outermost long ones. Front advanced;
median sinus large, its sides converging, apex rounded; lobes bordered
with three principal spines shorter than those described above; at
outer angles of front a single long spine. |

Chelipeds and legs clothed with long hairs similar to those on the
carapace and also some short hairs. Chelipeds very unequal, the
major palm of the adult male half again as high as the minor palm.
Upper margin of merus armed with a few small blunt spines and at
the end with two large curved spines, distal and subdistal. Carpus
and dorsal aspect of manus of major palm armed with dark spines,
those of the manus arranged more or less in longitudinal rows and
becom’ng pointed tubercles lower down on the surface; the smooth
area of the outer palm may exceed the spined area, from which it is
separated by an oblique line, or it may be very much reduced as in
smaller specimens and in females. In the minor palm the spines
very nearly cover the outer face (entirely cover it in small specimens)
and the conical tubercles outnumber the spines. Lower edge of
palms obscurely tuberculate, convex in major palm, only slightly so
in minor palm, lower edge of the whole propodus sinuous, fingers
deflexed, tips curved upward; major finger a little longer than basal
height. Movable fingers with a few conical spines and tubercles in
3 rows above near base. On the ambulatory legs the spines on the
upper margin of the merus are small, slender, and approximate;
those of the carpus and propodus are long and dark and disposed in
two rows; horny tip of dactyl slender and dark.

Color —Grayish brown irregularly suffused with red; spines mostly
black, hairs yellow. (Hay and Shore.)

Measurements.—Male (12472), length of carapace including spine
21.8, width including spines 29, width excluding spines 25.5, fronto-
orbital width 19, width of front including outer or antennal spines
8.8 mm.

486 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Habitat—F airly common on shelly bottoms and not infrequently
crawling over wharf piles. (Hay and Shore.)

Range.—North and South Carolina, west and southwest coast of
Florida, Bahamas, Jamaica, Guadeloupe (A. Milne Edwards),
Curagao.

Material examined.—See table, pages 487-490.

PILUMNUS XANTUSII Stimpson
Plate 201, Figures 1-3
Pilumnus zantusii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p.
213 [85] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in Paris Mus. and M.C.Z.,
Cat. No. 1259).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 284, pl. 51,
figs. 1-1b.

Diagnosis —Five lateral marginal spines. Superior margin of
orbit unarmed. Ambulatory legs without spines. Carapace less
than a fifth wider than long. oa

Description.—Carapace narrow, moderately convex, anteriorly hairy
but posteriorly short-pubescent like the abdomen. Gastric region
and its principal lobules well circumscribed. Several very shert
spines on the hepatic and branchial regions toward the antero-lateral
margin. Surface elsewhere either smooth or sparsely roughened
with sharp grains. Front rather broad, arcuate, deeply incised at
middle but without lateral incisions; margin armed with six or more
small spines. Superior margin of orbit straight, ciliated, but not
armed with spines; inferior margin spinulous and with two or three
spines toward inner angle. Antero-lateral margin armed with five
spines, regularly placed and nearly equidistant, but diminishing in
size forward; the anterior one at external angle of orbit.

Merus of outer maxillipeds longer than usual in the genus, being
nearly square, and less incised at the internal angle. Chelipeds
short and thick; greater hand hairy above and externally and armed
with spines; surface between the spines smooth and glabrous except
toward the fingers where it becomes granulated, the spines disappear-
ing or becoming tubercles; lower surface and inner side near fingers
granulated. Fingers tuberculate at base. Ambulatory legs not
spinous but clothed above with very stiff hairs.

Color—Reddish; spines black; fingers black.

Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 15.2 mm. (0.6 inch),
width of same, spines excluded, 17.3 mm. (.68 inch). (Stimpson.)
Length of largest male examined 11.7, width without spines 14,
width of front 4.6 mm.

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico. Known only
from the type-locality.

Material examined.—Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus; i male, 1 female,
cotypes (62737); cotypes (1259, M.C.Z.).

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 491

PILUMNUS CARIBAEUS Desbonne and Schramm
Plate 200, Figures 3 and 4

Pilumnus caribaeus DESBONNE and Scuramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 32
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not extant).—Stimpson, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 141.—A. Miztne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1880, p. 284.

Pilumnus ? aculeatus voN Martens [not Say], Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1,
1856, p. 91.

Pilumnus brasiliensis Mirrs, Challenger Rept., vol. 17, 1886, p. 151, pl. 13,
figs. 2-2d (type-locality, near Bahia, 7 to 20 fathoms; type in Brit. Mus.).—
RatHBouN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2 (1901), p. 40.

Diagnosis —Secondary spines or spinules on lateral margin.
Spines light horn color. Superhepatic spines wanting. Five or
more denticles or spinules on edge of each frontal lobe.

Description.—Closely related to P. sayi; differs as follows: Fronto-
orbital distance greater. The hairy coating is softer and evenly
distributed on the dorsum, the long hairs slenderer than in sayi.
The larger spines of body and appendages are light horn color. No
superhepatic spines, subhepatic spine not large, marginal spines,
one or more, have a small secondary spine on the posterior slope.
Orbital spines numerous (7 or 8 above, 9 or 10 below), unequal but
none large. Median sinus of front U-shaped or somewhat button-
holed, lobes edged with five or more small spines or acute denticles.

The outer surface of the manus in both chelipeds is rough but the
hair on the major manus is confined to the dorsal aspect or upper
proximal half while the lower distal half is naked. The spines on
the carpus and in the upper 3 or 4 rows of the manus are long, narrow
and curved, the spines of the manus become, from the upper rows
downward, gradually shorter, stouter and more conical until the
lower ones are pointed tubercles. The lower part of the outer surface
of the major manus may be smooth. The tuberculation of the lower
margin is more pronounced than in sayi. On the whole the spination
of the chelipeds is coarser than in sayz. The lower margin of the
major propodus is convex below instead of sinuous. Ambulatory
legs and horny tips of their dactyls shorter than in sayt.

Measurements.—Female (31082), length of carapace including spine
17.3, width including spines 23, width excluding spines 21.6 fronto-orbital
width 16.6, width of front including outer or antennal spine 7.5 mm.

Color—Reddish with some spots of a dirty white, fingers black
(Desbonne and Schramm).

Range.—From Bahamas and Florida Keys to Brazil.

Material examined.—

BAHAMAS.—1903; B. A. Bean; received from Geographic
Society of Baltimore: Off Governor’s Harbor; in oyster dredge;
July 7; 1 male, 7 females (31046). Off Green Cay; in oyster dredge;
June 30; 1 male, 3 females, 3 young (31082).

492 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

1893; Biological Expedition, State University of Iowa: Egg Island;
1 female (Mus. 8.U.I.). Bahama Banks, from millepores; May 12;
1 male (Mus. 8.U.I.). Bahama Banks; May 15; 1 female (20022),
1 female (Mus. S8.U.I1.).

CUBA.—1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition:
- Punta Colorado; 2-3 fathoms; Sh. Grs.; station 10; 1 female (48554).
Bahia Honda; 2-12 fathoms; M. Co.; June 4; station 15; 1 male
(48542).

JAMAICA.—T. H. Morgan; 1 small female (17214); identification
uncertain. March 1-11, 1884; Albatross; 2 males (19887). P. W.
Jarvis; 1 male (19403). C. R. Orcutt; 1 female (62553). Kingston
Harbor: 1893, R. P. Bigelow, 1 female (19890); May—July, 1896,
F. S. Conant, 2 males, 1 female (19596). Kingston; C. R. Orcutt;
1 male (62552).

VIEQUES.—Off Vieques Island; February 8, 1899; Fish Hawk:
Point Mula Lighthouse, S. SW. % W., 5% miles; 14 fathoms; Co. S.;
temperature 25.6° C.; station 6085; 2 small males (24355). Cule-
britas Lighthouse, NE. % N., 10 miles; 15 fathoms; Co.; temperature
26° C.; station 6091; 1 small male, 2 young (24357). Culebritas
Lighthouse, NE. % E., 7% miles; 16 fathoms; Co.; temperature
25.2° C.; station 6092; 1 young (24358). Point Mula Lighthouse,
E. % N., 11% miles; 6 fathoms; Co.; temperature 27.3° C.; station
6096; 1 small male (24359).

CULEBRA.—Off Culebra Island; Point Mula Lighthouse, SW.

¥ S., 8% miles; 14% fathoms; Co. S.; temperature 25.5° C.; February

8, 1899; station 6086, Fish Hawk; 2 small females, 1 young (24356).

VIRGIN ISLANDS.—St. Thomas; January 17-24, 1884; Albatross;
1 male, 2 females (19888).

1915; C. R. Shoemaker collector; gift of Carnegie Institution:
Between Water Island and St. Thomas; 2—5 fathoms; June 28;
1 young female (60206). South side of Buck Island, 3 miles from
St. Thomas; from fish pot; July 6; 1 male, soft shell (60207).
South of Buck Island, about 3 miles from St. Thomas; from fish pot;
July 8; 1 female (53752).

CURACAO.—February 10-18; 1884; Albatross; 1 ovigerous fe-
male (18040), carapace 6.7 mm. wide; identification uncertain.

BRAZIL.—Bay of Bahia; specimens in Copenhagen Mus.

Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro; in Sargassum bacciferum, carried to
shore by waves; January, 1922; Carlos Moreira; 1 young (60935).

Ilha Sao Sebastiéo, State of Sdo Paulo: 1900; E. Garbe collec-
tor; 1 female (returned to Mus. Paulista).

Villa Bella; October, 1925; H. Luederwaldt collector; 1 male,
1 ovigerous female (60933); received from W. L. Schmitt.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 493

PILUMNUS DASYPODUS Kingsley
Plate 200, Figures 5 and 6

Pilumnus dasypodus Kinesury, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p.
155 (type-locality, Key West, Florida; type not located—Ratusun, Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2, 1901, p. 40.—A. Minne Epwarps
and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoidl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 320.

Pilumn us vinaceus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 18&0, p. 283, pl. 50
figs. 2—-2b (type-locality, Florida Reefs; type, Cat. No. 3049, M.C.Z.).

Diagnosis——Margins spinous. No superhepatic spines. Outer
surface of major palm of both sexes largely smooth and bare; spines
and tubercles of upper part not arranged in rows.

Deseription.—Carapace thinly covered on its anterior two-thirds
with long fine hair and occasional stouter setae interspersed; upper
part of chelipeds and surface of legs similarly clothed. Under the
hair the carapace is roughened by granular hair sockets and on the
antero-lateral region by sharp granules. Frontal lobes with slightly
arched and oblique margins furnished with very short spines or sharp
granules and separated from each other by a median V notch and
from the small, inconspicuous, single-spined, outer tooth by a wider
U-shaped sinus. Orbital border strongly spined, about seven
spines below and three or four above with sharp granules toward
inner supraorbital tooth; the strongest spine is at the outer angle
where it forms the smallest of the four spines arming the antero-
lateral margin. They have conical bases and long, slender, incurved,
horny extremities. A short subhepatic spine.

Chelipeds very unequal, spinous and granulate except lower-distal
two-thirds (about) of outer surface of major palm which is smooth
and naked in both sexes. The movable fingers have at base rows
of sharp granules and slender hairs. Fingers of minor chela grooved
on the outside, of major chela evenly rounded without grooves.
Legs spinous above.

Color.—Body and claws brownish wine color, legs much lighter;
fingers and extremities of spines brown. (A. Milne Edwards.)

Measurements.—Male (50535), entire length of carapace 10.7,
entire width 15, fronto-orbital width 10.4, width of front 4.4 mm.

Affinity —Small specimens of dasypodus are sometimes not easily
distinguished from sayi. P. dasypodus is less heavily clothed with
hair than sayi and less ragged looking. The front is more deflexed
and less advanced, therefore appears wider. The spines and tuber-
cles of the major palm in sayi are arranged more or less in rows and
these rows have a tendency to encroach on the lower distal half; in
dasypodus there are seldom any definite rows and the lower distal
two-thirds or one-half in both sexes is smooth and bare. The immoy-
able finger of the major chela in dasypodus is a little longer than in sayi.

494 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Range-——North and South Carolina. From Gulf of Mexico to
Florianopolis [Desterro], Brazil. Shallow water to 11 fathoms.
A. Milne Edwards records vinaceus from 37 fathoms in the Gulf of
Mexico.

Material examined.—See table, pages 495-498.

PILUMNUS SPINOSISSIMUS Rathbun
Plate 200, Figures 7 and 8
Pilumnus spinosissimus Ratusun, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,
vol. 4, 1898, p. 265, pl. 5, fig. 3 (type-locality, off Kev West, 5% fathoms;
type in Mus. State Univ. Iowa).

Diagnosis.—Long-hairy. Frontal lobes oblique. Three innermost
orbital spines curving over eyestalk. Four long antero-lateral
spines. Palms short and high.

Description.—Carapace anteriorly strongly deflexed, front half
covered with spiniform granules and rather sparse long hairs; posterior

FIGURE 79.—PILUMNUS SPINOSISSIMUS, MALE, TYPE, DORSAL VIEW, X 3

half almost smooth; regions deeply limited: Front bilobed; lobes.
separated by a broad U-shaped sinus; each lobe has an oblique
margin armed at inner end with a short spine and a few minute
spinules; at outer end of front a small isolated or antennal spine.
Superior orbital margin armed with four long spines, two innermost
curving over the orbit but in planes at right angles to each other;
inferior margin armed with a large inner process with bispinose tip
and two shorter spines between which there is a row of stout spinules’
Lateral margin of carapace wth three long spines beside orbital
sp ne; posterior spine a little shorter.

Chelipeds: Two long curved spines at distal end of upper margin
of arm; wrist armed with about 20 sharp spines directed distad.
Approximately two-thirds of outer surface of larger hand of ma’e
covered with about seven irregular rows of spines, larger above,

495

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498 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

y
» &spe-

cially those bor
dering the orbit.

diminishing lower down on the
article; outer surface of smaller
hand covered with spines. In the
female the major as well as the
minor palm also is covered outside
withspines and tubercles. Dactyli
spinulous on proximal half or two-
thirds. Fingers deeply grooved
outside. Legs long-hairy; merus
spinulous above; carpus and pro-
podus armed with long spines; dac-
ei tylithick and with a long horny tip.
Measurements.—Male holotype,
length of carapace 8.3, width of
same including spines 11.6, exclud-
ing spines 10.5 mm. Female
(22268), length of carapace includ-
ing spine 10.8, width of same
including spines 15, excluding
spines 14, fronto-orbital width
11.8, width of front including
antennal spine 5.2 mm.

Range.—Florida Keys.

Material examined.—

Pala a Off Biscayne Key; 16-34 feet;
viens May 29, 1912; Paul Bartsch; 1
' + | male (60222).

Duck Key, N., 1.25 miles; 2.75
fathoms; Co. Sh.; December 20,
1912;station 7790 (4), Fish Hawk;
1 male (60221).

a ae Key West; 1896; B. W. Ever-

‘ii _/ mann, U. S. Fish Commission;
= ts hog female (22268)

a tat Off Key West; about one mile
-uoi* ij ii | from Light; 5% fathoms; June 26,
72 ere 1893; station 44, Biological Expe-

ath a dition, State University of Lowa;
ee yp 1 male holotype (Mus. 8. U. I.).

Tortugas; from stomachs of fish
obtained by dynamiting; 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie
Institution: Fish No. 137, yellow
erunt, Haemulon sciurus (Shaw),
on outer Lighthouse reef; June 7;

Remarks
tions. Atypical.

Spines unusuall
developed

.--| Hartt Explora-

Catalogue
No.
60986. --=-.--

Specimens
1o°19 ovig.) 40824_____
Pate Mites ee Zea
2:Y ssc2ess=%
.---| Panis Mus_-

Collector
W. L. Schmitt___-

.| U.S.C.S.S. Hassler.) 1 sm-_-__-_-

aR Rathbune-----
Ssi|MAtae: 261026, lets oS

Sta
tion

Date
1876-77

Tem-
pera-
ture

Material examined of Pilumnus dasypodus—Continued
Bottom

Fathoms

Longitude
W.
ie

Bearings

Latitude
N.
,

|
|
{Floria-

Locality
Bay of Rio de Ja-

neiro.

Pedras da Itapuca,
Desterro

Bom Fim, Bahia, |
stone reef.

Rio de Janeiro___--_.
nopolis.]}

Brazil—Continued.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 499

1 immovable finger (60959). Fish No. 179, schoolmaster, Neomaenis
apodus (Walbaum), off N. end of Loggerhead Key; June 9; 2 chelipeds
(60961). Fish No. 246,common grunt, Haemulon plumieri (Lacépéde),
off N. end of Loggerhead Key; June 9; 1 cheliped (60960). Fish
No. 622, sailors choice, Haemulon parra (Desmarest); June 23; 1
chela (60958).

Tortugas: S. end of Loggerhead Key; from large rock 2 feet by
18 inches by 18 inches; August 10, 1924; W. H. Longley; 1 young
male (62557); gift of Carnegie Institution.

PILUMNUS GRACILIPES A. Milne Edwards
Plate 201, Figures 8 and 9

Pilumnus gracilipes A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 288, pl.
50, figs. 3, 3a (type-locality, off Barbados, 100 fathoms; type in Museum of
Comparative Zodélogy).

Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow, subquadrilateral, short-hairy. A
spine at middle of upper margin of orbit. Legs very long and slender.

Description.—Carapace thicker and more quadrilateral than usual
in Pilumnus, covered with pubescence and short, stiff bristles which
are yellow with dark reddish-brown tips (in spirit) and are so scattered
as not to conceal details of carapace. Regions not deeply outlined,
surface without granulations and spines, but a little rugose from the
puncte in which the hairs are inserted. Front wide, lobes spinulous,
little arched forward. Inner superior angle of orbit with two spines.

Upper border of orbit with a curved spine at middle and 3 or 4 spini-

form granules between it and the postorbital spine; lower border

armed with about four spines and terminated by a bispinose inner
angle. Some spiniform tubercles and numerous granules on sub-
hepatic and pterygostomian regions. Antero-lateral margin short,
armed with four spines including that at the orbital angle.
Chelipeds unknown. Ambulatory legs extraordinarily long and slen-
der, margins sparsely hairy; merus, carpus and propodus armed above
with a row of rather long, slender spines; dactyl remarkably long.
Measurements Female holotype, ovigerous, length of carapace

16, width of same 20 mm.

Range.—Barbados, 100 fathoms. Known only from the unique

type-specimen. e

Material examined—Off Sandy Bay, Barbados; 100 fathoms;

1871; U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Hassler; 1 female holotype (2974,

MIC aZic

PILUMNUS MARSHI Rathbun

Pilumnus marshi Rarasun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2,
1901, p. 41, text-fig. 8 (type-locality, off St. Thomas, 20-23 fathoms; type,
Cat. No. 23771, U.S.N.M.).

500 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis.—Subquadrate; antero-lateral margin short, three-spined.
Outer surface of both palms rough and hairy all over. Legs long
and narrow.

Description.—Carapace narrow, relatively broad behind, postero-
lateral margins slightly convergent and twice as long as the antero-
lateral. Surface pubescent, with longer, very fine hairs interspersed;
a few short spinules scattered on antero-lateral region. Front with a
median V-notch, two subtruncate or slightly arcuate lobes with finely
denticulate edge, separated by a U-shaped sinus from the isolated
outer spine. Orbital margin finely denticulate and with a few
separated spinules above and several at the inner end _ below.
Eyes large, reniform. Antero-lateral margin with three spines,
none at orbital angle, first two spines long, slender, attached to broad
bases, third spine slender
but much smaller and rather
closely appressed to side of
carapace.

Chelipeds and legs thinly
clothed with long hair.
Margins of merus and dorsal
aspect of carpus and pro-
podus of cheliped spinous.
Chelae similar and not very
unequal ; theirspines become
progressively smaller on outer surface of palms until below they are
sharp granules. Merus of ambulatory legs dilated, armed above, also
carpus and propodus with a row of slender curved spines, below
minutely spinulous; three terminal articles long and narrow, the
dactylus nearly straight down to the curved horny tip.

Color.—In alcohol the spines are white, fingers hight horn color,
tips white.

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 5.5, width of
same 7, fronto-orbital width 6.2, width of front 2.8 mm. io
(24242), length of carapace 5.7, omen of same 7.1 mm.

Range.—Tortugas, Florida, and off St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.

Material examined—White Shoals, Tortugas, Florida; July 19, ©
1924; station 25; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (60822); gift of Carnegie —
Institution.

Off St. Thomas; February 6, 1899; Fish Hawk: Sail Rock, NW.
% W., 4 miles; 20 fathoms; Co.; temperature 25° C., station 6080; ~
1 female (24242). Sail Rock, W. by N. % N., 6 miles; 20-23 fathoms; ~
Co.; temperature 25.8° C.; station 6079; 1 immature male (23771).

FIGURE 80.—PILUMNUS MARSHI, MALE, X4. a. Masor
CHELA. 6. CARAPACE

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 501

PILUMNUS DIOMEDEAE Rathbun
Plate 202, Figures 2 and 3

Pilumnus diomedeae RatusBun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, p. 3, advance
sheet, March 20, 1894; p. 85, July, 1894 (type-locality, off Havana, 184
fathoms; type, Cat. No. 9526, U.S.N.M.).

Diagnosis.—Four long spines on each lobe of front. Carapace very
rough. Hairs extremely long. Spines of carpus and propodus of
ambulatory legs normal to the article.

Description.—Carapace of moderate width. Surface very rough
with acute granules or hair sockets; some and perhaps all of the hairs
long, yellow. Front with two produced oblique lobes each bearing
four slender spines; a longer incurved spine near antenna. Orbital
spines 9: 2 on the upper margin, one at the outer angle and 6 below;
of the 2 upper, one is next the antennal spine, the other at middle of
orbit; of the suborbital spines the two outermost are separated by a
deep narrow sinus, the two innermost are more advanced. There are
four strong antero-lateral spines including the orbital; between the
first and second there is a small supernumerary spine; the second
spine has an accessory spinule. Subhepatic and pterygostomian
regions spinulous; two small spines form a longitudinal line on the
process which bears the two spines at inner angle of orbit.

Chelipeds unequal, spinous, long-hairy like the carapace. Merus
with surface minutely spinulous, margins spinous, upper margin with
two huge spines at distal end. Carpus with outer surface spinous and
spinulous, an unusually long and strong spine at inner angle. Manus
with two rows of four slender spines on upper surface, lower margin
spinulous, spines of outer surface arranged in four or five longitudinal
rows, inner surface minutely granulous. Fingers spinulous and hairy
proximally, horn-colored, teeth and tips almost white. Ambulatory
legs very long, slender, long-hairy like carapace and chelipeds;
margins of merus and upper margin of carpus and propodus armed
with slender spines, those on carpus and propodus nearly normal to
the article.

Measurements —Female holotype, width of carapace including
spines 16, excluding spines 15, width of front including antennal
spine 6, length of longest hairs about 6, length of inner spine of carpus
of cheliped 2.5 mm.

Range.—Entrance to Gulf of Mexico, 130 to 184 fathoms.

Material examined.—

Off Havana, Cuba; lat. 23° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 15’’ W.; 184
fathoms; fne. gy. wh. Co.; January 20, 1885; station 2345, Albatross;
1 female, holotype (9526); hinder portion missing.

Yucatan Channel, Mexico; lat. 20° 59’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 23’ 45’’
W.; 130 fathoms; Co.; January 22, 1885; station 2354, Albatross; 1
female, soft shell (18158).

502 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PILUMNUS LONGLEYI, new species
Plate 202, Figures 4 and 5

Type-locality—South end of Loggerhead Key, Tortugas, Florida;
Aug. 10, 1924; W. H. Longley; one female (Cat. No. 62569); gift of
Carnegie Institution.

Diagnosis.—F¥ive antero-lateral spines of which the third is double.
Hepatic region spinous. Manus of both chelipeds rough and hairy
outside.

Description.—Carapace covered with uneven hairs which are
shorter on the posterior half; underneath the hairs the surface is
rough with pointed granules, which also border the front. Hepatic
region armed above with several spines two of which are longer and
with dark tips. Regions deeply marked. Anterior and antero-
lateral margins together arcuate. Frontal lobes convex, bordered
with 8 or more granules some of which may be acute, but no spines;
lobes separated from each other and from the outer spine by a broad
Vv. Orbital margin spinous, spines unequal. Antero-lateral margin
5-spined; first two spines shorter, slenderer and nearer together than
the others; third spine bispinose; fourth and fifth longest; terminal
half of spines light brown. Subhepatic region granulate and with one
spine.

Chelipeds and legs long-hairy. Chelipeds massive, very unequal;
two spines on upper margin of merus; carpus and upper part of manus
armed with stout spines; outer surface of manus covered with acute
or subacute tubercles. Major fixed finger short and broad, pre-
hensile edge with two large teeth above the point, followed by two
smaller ones; teeth of dactylus low, 5 or 6 in all, the 2 proximal ones
united and enlarged, the fourth may be equally large. Three longitu-
dinal rows of granules on upper surface of dactylus in basal third.
Fingers of minor cheliped slenderer, the fixed finger longer. Merus of
ambulatory legs 1 to 3 armed with a row of spines above, carpus with
three rows, propodus with two rows. Last leg with a spine at distal
end of merus; carpus and propodus with a row of spines above and an
incomplete row on outer surface.

Measurements —Female (62569), total length of carapace 11.4,
width including spines 16, width excluding spines 15, fronto-orbital
width 10.4, width of front between antennae 4.8 mm. The male
(60955) measures 17.4 mm. in extreme width.

Young.—Small specimens are rougher and more spinous, spines
white; there may be 3 superhepatic spines, one protogastric spine
near by, and 4 or 5 smaller epibranchial spines.

Relation.—This species is easily confounded with sayz and cari-
baeus, which it resembles in general appearance, but can be told (1) by
the antero-lateral spines 5 in number, or 6, counting as 2 the spines of
the constantly bispinose third spine, whereas in say? the spines are

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 503

only 4, and in caribaeus 5 with the second insignificant and the third,
fourth, and fifth equal and with stout spiulous bases; (2) by the edge
of the front finely and numerously granulate; and (3) by the greater
number of spines on the dorsal surface of the antero-lateral region.

Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys.

Material examined.—

BAHAMAS.—Golding Key, Andros Island; May 18, 1912; Paul
Bartsch; 1 young female (60205).

FLORIDA.—Hawk Channel; half a mile SE. by S. of SE. end of
Duck Key; 2.25 fathoms; rky.; temperature 24.5° C.; January 27,
1903; station 7429, Fish Hawk; 1 female (60204).

Key West; Union College collection; 2 males (42815), 1 male
(42816).

Tortugas; through W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Institution: S.
end of Loggerhead Key; from large rock 2 feet by 18 inches by 18
inches; August 10, 1924; W. H. Longley, collector; 1 female, holotype
(62569). Off N. end of Loggerhead Key; by dynamite; from stomach
of fish No. 19, schoolmaster, Neomaenis apodus (Walbaum); June 5,
1925; W. L. Schmitt collector; 1 male (60955).

PILUMNUS SPINOHIRSUTUS (Lockington)
Plate 203

Acanthus spino-hirsutus LocKxineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876
(1877), p. 33 [6] (type-locality, San Diego; type not extant), and p. 102 [8]

art).

ee cu Ta ae STREETS and Kinastey, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 1877,
p. 107 (part).

Pilumnus spinohirsutus Ratuspun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p.
185 (part), not pl. 7, fig. 2; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 585 (part) ;
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, 1923, p. 623, pl. 27.

Diagnosis.—Width of carapace (exclusive of spines) nearly 1% times
length. Antero-lateral spines 5, the first interspace shorter than the
others. No subhepatic spine, sometimes small spinules. In male,
half of outer surface of major palm is smooth and naked, this area
bounded by an oblique line.

Description.—Dorsal surface of carapace and appendages covered
with long hairs except the hinder part of the carapace; carapace and
ambulatory legs have also a short coat of pubescence. Carapace very
convex antero-posteriorly, slightly convex from side to side. Frontal
lobes truncate, slightly oblique, 3-spined. Antero-lateral margins
armed with long spines, orbit and front with shorter spines; lateral
spines 5, the first or orbital spine a little shorter than the others, the
space between first and second less than the other spaces, the bases
of these two spines being often contiguous, so that they appear like

one deeply bifid spine. The third spine has a tendency to produce a

posterior branch. Subhepatic spine wanting, in its place there may

be some small spinules.

504 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

The lower half of the major palm of the male is usually smooth and
naked, the smooth area separated from the rough area by a line
running from the lower proximal corner to the distal end opposite the
middle of the base of the dactylus or sometimes further down. In the
female the smooth space is similar to, but smaller than, that of the
male.

Measurements —Female (32964), length of carapace including spine
23.4, median length 22.4, width including spines 34.6, excluding spines
32, fronto-orbital width 20.3, width of front including antennal spine
8.5 m.

Range.—From San Pedro, California, to Magdalena Bay, Lower
California.

Material examined.—

CALIFORNIA .—Vicinity of San Pedro; 1917; E. P. Chace; 1 male
(53988).

Long Beach; H. N. Lowe; 1 female, soft shell (50550).

Santa Catalina Island; dredged; H. N. Lowe; 3 females (32964).

La Jolla, on rocks north of Institute; January 28, 1915; Scripps
Institution; 3 males, 4 females (54763), 2 males, 6 females (2 oviger-
ous) (Scripps Inst.). Third lateral spine bifid in 1 male (54763).

San Diego: C. R. Orcutt; 1 male, 1 female (54734). False Bay;
San Diego Society of Natural History; 1 female (returned to sender).

Southern California; Anton Dohrn; Venice Marine Biological Sta-
tion; 1 female (50258). .

LOWER CALIFORNIA.—Point Abreojos; March 6, 1911; Alba-
tross; 1 male (60035).

Magdalena Bay: 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male, soft shell, 1 female
(50631). Shore; Hanna and Jordan, California Acad. Sci.; 1 male;
returned.

Magdalena Bay; Sail Rock, Entrada Point, 8. 53° W.; Redondo
Pome no. Weng. (24°° 35°20" Ne loner EiPe Y59\7 35) 2 WV cneaee
fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; March 21, 1911; station 5678, Albatross; 1 male,
1 female, 2 young (60034).

PILUMNUS TOWNSENDI Rathbun
Plate 202, Figure 1; Plate 204, Figures 1 and 2

Acanthus spino-hirsutus Lock1naTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, Beth:
(1877), p. 102 [8] (part), not p. 33 [6].

Pilumnus spino-hirsutus StREETS and Kinestery, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 1877,
p. 107 (part).—Kuinestey, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p.
154.—Rarusun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 185 (part), pl.
7, fig. 2; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 585 (part).

Pilumnus townsendi RaruBun, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, 1923, p.
624, pl. 28 (type-locality, off Adair Bay, Gulf of California; type, Cat. No.
17413, U.S.N.M.).

? Eriphides hispida Boonr, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 236 (part: text-fig. 87 B).

il
4
4

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 505

Diagnosis.—Width of carapace (exclusive of spines) 1% or less than
1% times length. Antero-lateral spines 4, equally separated. A
slender, well-marked, subhepatic spine, below the interval between
first and second lateral spines. In both sexes less than half of outer
surface of major palm is smooth. A continuous low of short, conical
spines runs lengthwise in line with the base of cutting edge of propodal
finger.

Description.—General appearance same as that of P. spinohirsutus.
The frontal spines are longer than in spinohirsutus; the other differ-
ences are indicated in the diagnosis.

Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace including spine
14.2, median length 13.8, width including spines 21.4, excluding spines
18.3, fronto-orbital width 14.7, width of front including antennal
spine 6.6 mm.

Range.—West coast of Mexico, from Magdalena Bay to Manzanillo,
via Gulf of California. ? Galapagos Islands.

Material examined.—

WEST COAST OF LOWER CALIFORNIA.—Off Magdalena
Bay; lat. 24° 38’ 00’ N.; long. 112° 17’ 30’’ W.; 51 fathoms; gn. M.;
temperature 56.4° F.; May 2, 1888; station 2832, Albatross; 1 young,
soft shell (21988); width 4.3 mm., identification uncertain.

Magdalena Bay; Sail Rock, Entrada Point, S. 53° W.; Redondo
Pomé,iS. 159 oWij-lats'24° 35’..20""..N.; long: 111? 59'4385'% W334
fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; ; March 21, 1911; Seen 5678, Albatross; 1 sitale,
1 forials (60038).

GULF OF CALIFORNIA.—Head of Gonearion Bay; April 6,
1911; Albatross; 1 male, 3 young (60036).

San Luis Gonzales Bay; March 27, 1889; Albatross; 1 male (17414).

Off Shoal Point; lat. 31° 31’ 45’’ N.; siege 114°, 19’ 00’ W.; 10
fathoms; gy. s.; March 26, 1889; station 3027, Albatross; 1 young
(18621).

Off Adair Bay; March 25, 1889; Albatross: Lat. 31° 22’ 00’’ N.;
long. 114° 07’ 45’’ W.; 17 fathoms; G. brk. Sh.; temperature 65.2° F.;
station 3026; 2 females (1 is holotype) (17413). Lat. 31° 21’ 00’ N.;
long. 113° 49’ 00’’ W.; 11 fathoms; S. brk. Sh. G.; temperature 67° F.;
station 3024; 4 males, 2 females (17412).

NW. of uapeas: lat. 28° 16’ 00’ N.; long. 111° 54’ 00’’ W.; 22
fathoms; fne. gy. S.; temperature 63° F: March 23, 1889; Siation
3012; AMirida: if miele (18199).

STATE OF COLIMA.—Manzanillo; on drifted pile; July 17, 1913;
C. R. Orcutt; 5 females (46081).

PILUMNUS GONZALENSIS Rathbun

Plate 204, Figures 3 and 4

Pilumnus gonzalensis RatHsBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 240
(type-locality, San Luis Gonzales Bay; type, Cat. No. 17415, U.S.N.M.).

506 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Diagnosis —Short-hairy over all its dorsal surface. Carapace
largely flat; five lateral spines, first two small. Infero-distal half
of outer surface of major palm naked, but mostly rough with tubercles
and granules.

Description —A much flattened species, carapace deflexed in ante-
rior third, covered with a short, dense, tough pubescence, each hair
straight, regularly tapering. When the hairs are removed, the out-
lines of the mesogastric region are distinct, and three or four spinules
near antero-lateral margin. Front with margin hairy and spinulous
with 10 or 12 spinules, median sinus V-shaped, lateral lobes scarcely
separated from median and less advanced. Margin of orbit armed
with about 11 conical spines. Five antero-lateral spines, the first
two very small, equal, close together at base, and shorter than the
remaining spines; third spine with a small one on its posterior slope;
all have one or more accessory spinules. Pubescence of ventral
surface shorter than that of dorsal; subhepatic region spinulous and
subbranchial region granulous. Ridge on endostome distinct.

Chelipeds very unequal, upper surface covered with hair and
short conical spines which become acute tubercles and then granules
lower down on the outer surface of the palms, there forming irregular
longitudinal lines; major palm naked toward fingers and lower edge,
punctate and finely granulous; fingers short, stout, gaping; dactyls
tuberculate above near base. Legs broad, hairy, spinulous above.

Color—In alcohol, hairs yellow, carapace red mottled with pale
yellowish, spines and fingers brown.

Measurements—Male (17415), length including spine 13, width
including spines 18, excluding spines 16.4, fronto-orbital width 11.4,
width of front 5.5 mm.

Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico.

Material eramined.—La Paz; L. Belding; 5 males, 2 females (4628).

San Francisquito Bay; April 9, 1911; Albatross; 1 female (60033),
1 female (Amer. Mus.).

San Luis Gonzales Bay; March 27, 1889; Albatross; 8 males, 13
females (17415); 1 male is holotype.

Tepoca Bay; April 25, 1921; Fred Baker, Exped. California Acad-
emy of Sciences; 2 young females (Cal. Acad. Sci.).

Gulf of California; 1921; Exped. California Academy of Sciences;
1 male (Cal. Acad. Sci.).

PILUMNUS DEPRESSUS Stimpson

Pilumnus depressus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871,
p. 109 [19] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).
Diagnosis—Carapace and outer surface of major cheliped mostly
naked. Lateral and orbital margins dentate.
Description —‘‘ Body depressed; carapax for the most part flattened
and naked, but slightly curved, pilose and roughened toward the

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 507

anterior and antero-lateral margins. Frontal margin spinulose.
Margins of the orbits above and below armed with spiniform teeth.
Antero-lateral margin with three spiniform teeth besides the angle of
the orbit, which, like the next lateral tooth, is bifid. Subhepatic tooth
minute. Subhepatic and suborbital regions covered with sharp gran-
ules concealed beneath pubescence. Feet pilose and spinulose; spinules
shorter than in P. xantusii. Greater cheliped naked and obsoletely
granulated on the larger part of its distal surface.” (Stimpson.)

Measurement.—Male type, length of carapace 8.9 mm. (0.35 inch),
width of same 11.9 mm. (0.47 inch). (Stimpson.)

Range—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico. Known from
the original description only.

PILUMNUS FLORIDANUS Stimpson
Plate 205, Figures 3 and 4

Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 141
(type-locality, Tortugas; type in M. C. Z.)—Ratusoun, Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 40—A. Mizner Epwarps and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 322.

Pilumnus lacteus A. M1InnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 292, pl. 51,
fig. 5-5b. Not P. lacteus Stimpson, 1871.

Diagnosis ——A transverse row of long hairs across front. Front
bare, unarmed. Orbit entire above, spinulous below. Four lateral
spines. Chelipeds spinous.

Description —A small species: Carapace covered with a dense,
short pubescence, thinning behind, and a few longer clavate hairs, a
transverse series of which across the frontal region is a conspicuous
feature. Lobes of front almost bare, edge slightly oblique, entire,
median notch triangular, lateral notches rounded, outer teeth minute,
deflexed. Hepatic region finely roughened above but without spines.
Antero-lateral marginal spines four, slender, set in conical bases;
below the interval between the orbital and the next spine may be seen °
a small subhepatic spine. Orbital margin unarmed above, having a
small V-shaped notch opposite the end of the gastro-hepatic furrow;
armed below with from eight to ten spinules, those on the inner half
a little larger.

Chelipeds spinous above, two spines near distal end of merus, carpus
armed all over its exposed surface; on the manus the spines become
pointed tubercles on the outer surface; the major manus has a limited,
smooth bare space on its distal lower portion, sometimes amounting
to half its outer surface in the male, usually much more restricted
and often lacking in the female. Ambulatory legs spined above.

Measurements.—Male (11306), length of carapace 6.5, width of
same 9.6, fronto-orbital width 6.9, width of front 3.4 mm.

Range.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to the Virgin Islands.

Material examined.—See table, pages 508-509.

152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN

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PILUMNUS QUOYI Milne Edwards
Plate 206, Figures 1—4
Pilumnus quott MitneE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 418 (type-
locality, Rio de Janeiro; type in Paris Mus.).
Pilumnus quoyi A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 289, pl. 50,
fig. 5—-5ce.

Diagnosis.—Wrists and hands covered with large shining spines.
Orbit entire above, spined below. Frontal lobes very arcuate.

Description —Dorsum covered with very stiff and spaced, short,
russet hairs, regularly placed and not concealing the surface. Cara-
pace very convex longitudinally, uneven, smooth, one and a fifth
wider than long (narrower than in A. Milne Edwards’s figure);
antero-lateral border upturned, armed with three spines besides the
orbital; spines sharper than represented in figure; also a subhepatic
spine. Front consisting of two deep deflexed lobes with very arcuate
and granulate margin, and a small triangular outer tooth. Orbit
practically entire above though traces of two or three spinules remain;
below five or six irregular short spines. Pterygostomian region
granulate.

Merus of outer maxillipeds with the antero-internal angle truncate,
not emarginate. Chelipeds and legs very hairy, hairs longer than on
the carapace. Chelipeds very strong, unequal. Terminal and sub-
terminal spine on merus large. Spines or subacute tubercles of carpus
and manus very striking, stout and shining; they extend all over the
outer face of the minor palm and over the greater part of the major
palm. Ambulatory legs short, strong, wider than figured, and
unarmed.

Measurements —Male holotype, entire length of carapace 20.6,
width of same including spines 26, excluding spines 23.4 mm.

Range.—Guiana (A. Milne Edwards) and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Material examined.—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Quoy and Gaimard
collectors; one male, unique type (Paris Mus.).

PILUMNUS MIERSII A. Milne Edwards
Plate 206, Figure 5
Pilumnus miersit A. MinnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 292, pl. 51,
fig. 3 (type-locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.).

Diagnosis.—¥ive antero-lateral spines. Outer face of larger palm
smooth.

Description—Resembles in general form P. floridanus. It is
clothed with a very short down in which some longer hairs are
inserted on the feet. Carapace wide, smooth, regions scarcely indi-
cated. Front little advanced, edge granulate. Orbits with a few
small spinules above, below roughened with pointed granules or
spinules. Antero-lateral border armed with five spines, counting the
orbital spine; the first two are very small and pointed, the others well
developed. Some ee tubercles between the second and third
marginal spines.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 511

‘Chelipeds very unequal; wrists tuberculate or granulate; major
palm very swollen and with numerous pearl-shaped tubercles above,
which disappear on the outer face; minor palm rather deep, spinous
above and outside. Ambulatory legs without spines.

Measurements.—Female cotype, length of carapace 9.3, width of
same including spines 13.2, excluding spines 12.2 mm.

Range.—Antilles.

Material examined.—Antilles; Freminville collector; 2 dried speci-
mens, the larger a female (Paris Museum).

PILUMNUS LACTEUS Stimpson
Plate 205, Figures 1 and 2

Pilumnus lacteus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 142 (type-
localities, reef at Cruz del Padre, Cuba, and at Key West in from 2 to 5
fathoms; types not extant).—Not Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1880, p. 292, pl. 51, fig. 5-5b.

Diagnosis.—Covered with an uneven velvet, concealing tubercles.
Tubercles few and small. Four lateral teeth. More than half of
outer surface of major and minor manus bare and smooth.

Description.—Covered with a very short velvet like pubescence
easily rubbed off. Tubercles of carapace and chelipeds not numerous,
invisible through the hairy coating. Carapace widest at last tooth;
nearly smooth, a row of five low tubercles parallels the antero-lateral
and orbital margins; a few tubercles on epigastric region, a few very
obscure on hinder part of protogastric lobe, not more than one on
mesogastric region. Lobes of front triangular, edge granulate.
Inferior margin of orbit granulate, two granules on superior margin.
Antero-lateral teeth four, subconical, with sharp horny tips, the first
or orbital tooth very short, tips of second and third curved forward.

Two similar curved spines at distal end of upper margin of merus
of cheliped. Scattered tubercles on carpus, a short blunt tooth at
inner angle. Outer surface of hands largely smooth and glabrous;
the tubercles and hairy coating of the major palm cover only the
extreme proximal end of the outer surface together with the upper
surface, or it may be only the proximal end of the same, and form an
oblique line with the smooth area. The rough hairy part of the
minor palm is more extensive than on the major palm. In both
palms the tubercles have a tendency to spread further than the hair,
encroaching on the glabrous space. On the ambulatories the pubes-
cence is supplemented by long slender hairs on the margin.

Color.—Pubescence whitish or cream-color. Outer surface of hands —
light red. (Stimpson.)

Measurements.—Male (17902) entire length of carapace 8, entire
width of same 11.5, fronto-orbital width 7.7, width of front 3.7 mm.

Range.—North Carolina; west coast of Florida; Cuba.

Material examined.—See table, page 512.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 513

PILUMNUS GEMMATUS Stimpson
Plate 207, Figures 1-3

Pilumnus gemmatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 214 [86] (type-localities, St. Thomas and Tortugas; types not extant).—
RatHBuN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 38.—Not
A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 290, pl. 51, fig. 4—4b.

Diagnosis.—Dorsal aspect showing small red tubercles set in close-
cut velvet. Outer surface of both hands entirely covered with tuber-
cles and hair. Fingers deeply grooved.

Description.—Carapace rather narrow, covered as are also the
chelipeds and legs with a short, close pubescence (with occasional
stout and long cylindrical setae), which does not conceal boundaries of
regions and the small red beads or tubercles scattered on anterior two-
thirds of carapace (3 to 6 on each areolet), upper and outer surfaces of
chelipeds and upper surface of legs. On the latter the tubercles or
granules are much smaller than elsewhere. Frontal lobes subtri-
angular, granulate on margin, more advanced near median line; in-
terspace large, V-shaped; a transverse row of stout setae behind each
lobe. Upper orbital margin with two or three red tubercles, lower
margin finely denticulate, a shallow outer notch. Antero-lateral
projections four, short, stout; tips varying from blunt in first and
second tooth to acute in the last.

Entire outer surface of both hands tuberculate, the tubercles grow-
ing smaller and more numerous toward lower margin. Propodal
finger horizontal, lower edge slightly arcuate, tip slightly upcurved.
Both fingers deeply grooved; tubercles on upper portion of basal half
of dactylus, a few on outer surface of immovable finger, where in small
specimens they form in two rows on the ridges. Outer lower margin
of arm with a broad band of tubercles and granules.

Color—Pubescence cream-colored or whitish; granules, tubercles
and spines all bright ruby red. (Stimpson.) Fingers light brown.

Measurements—Female (56900), entire length 10.6, entire width
13.5, fronto-orbital width 9, width of front 4 mm.

Range.—Tortugas, Florida; Culebra Island to Curagao.

Material examined.—Tortugas, Florida; June 5-8, 1893; Biological
Expedition, State University of Iowa; 1 male (Mus. 8.U.I.).

Tortugas, Florida; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Institution: Six
dredge hauls W. of Loggerhead Key, off dock and N. of lighthouse
pier; 8-5 feet; August 3, 1924; 1 young female (60946). Stomach of
fish No. 121, gray snapper, Neomaenis griseus (Linnaeus), outer
Lighthouse Reef; June 7, 1925; 1 female (60945). Mid-section of Bush
Key reef inside, 3 feet before eelgrass; washed from weed and rocks;
August 1, 1924; 4 specimens (62555).

Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island; February 10, 1899; Fish Hawk;
1 female (24370).

79856—s50 o4

514 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

St. Thomas; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker collector; Carnegie Institution
donor: Shore near town; June 30; 1 male (60213). Lagoons; July 7;
1 male (60214).

Off St. Thomas; Sail Rock, W. by N. 4 N., 6 miles; 20-23 fathoms;
Co.; temperature, 25.8° C.; February 6, 1899; station 6079, Fish
Hawk; 1 male (24371).

Curacao: 1884; Albatross; 1 female (17913). 1920; C. J. van der
Horst: Caracas Bay; in coral; May 5, 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.);
April 23, 1 female (56900). Spanish Water; in Siderastrea, April 29,
1 female (Amsterdam Mus.); in Porites furcata, May 5, 1 male, 1
female, 1 young (Amsterdam Mus.).

PILUMNUS PANNOSUS Rathbun
Plate 207, Figures 4 and 5

Pilumnus gemmatus A. MitngE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 290, pl. 51,
figs. 4-4b; not P. gemmatus Stimpson 1860.

Pilumnus pannosus RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1896, p. 142 (type-
locality, Key West, Florida; type, Cat. No. 13814, U.S.N.M.); Bull. U. S.
Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 39—A. Minne Epwarps and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 321.

Diagnosis.—Tubercles of carapace concealed by dense hairy coat.
Three lateral teeth have spinuliform tips, orbital teeth end in truncate
spines. A large part of outer surface of palm smooth and bare except
in minor palm of female.

Description.—Resembles P. gemmatus. Carapace wider and less
quadrate, entirely covered with a soft, thick, plushlike pubescence
which is not evenly distributed; here and there are longer, irregular,
club-shaped setae which give a very ragged appearance. This hairy
coat conceals the details of ornamentation but shows the lobulation
of the anterior part and the tubercles of the chelipeds. Anterior half
of carapace and upper surface of chelipeds and legs dotted with
beadlike tubercles. Frontal lobes subtriangular, granulate on the
margin, more advanced near median line; interspace V-shaped; outer
tooth triangular, acute. Upper margin of orbit with three truncate
spines, one at inner angle and two near the middle; a similar one at
outer angle; lower margin with a row of short, stout, truncate spines
or tubercles of unequal size and a V-shaped notch near outer angle.
The antero-lateral projections look like shallow lobes tipped with a
spinule until the pubescence is removed when they are seen to be
_ (with the exception of the exorbital spine) triangular, well-separated

spines with slender pointed tips directed forward and easily broken
off. A well developed subhepatic spine.

Upper portion of hands tuberculate but usually a large part of
outer surface smooth and naked; extent of smooth bare space varying,
in adult males from half to nearly all of the outer surface in the major
palm and from one-third to one-half in the minor palm; in females

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 515

and young males it is more restricted, from a little less than half to a
little more than half in the major palm, and a small spot at base of
propodal finger in the minor palm. A few tubercles on dactylus
near articulation. Fingers of male with shallow grooves indicated by
lines of punctae, of female with deep grooves in minor chela and in
propodal finger of major chela. Ambulatory legs pubescent and
bordered with fringes of club-shaped setae mixed with long fine hair.

Color.—Carapace under pubescence bright red as is also the bare
part of the palms. (A. Milne Edwards.)

Measurements.—Male (11192), entire length of carapace 8.8, entire
width of same 12, fronto-orbital width 7.8, width of front 3.8 mm.

Range.—North Carolina; Bahama Banks and coasts of Florida to
Virgin Islands.

Material examined.—See table, pages 516-518.

PILUMNUS PYGMAEUS Boone
Plate 207, Figures 4 and 5

Pilumnus pygmaeus Boone, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 221, text-fig. 81 (type-
locality, off Hood Island, Galapagos, 15 feet; holotype female in Mus. New
York Zool. Soce.).

Diagnosis —Carapace and chelipeds granulate, not spinous. Lat-
eral teeth obscure, edge denticulate. Size small.

Description—Carapace transversely suboval, posteriorly narrow-
ing rapidly; convex, especially antero-posteriorly; regions feebly
indicated except the anterior part of the gastric region which is
plainly marked; surface irregularly hairy, anterior two-thirds granu-
late. Anterior margins also granulate. Front cut by a large median
V-shaped emargination into two oblique, subentire, and slightly
convex lobes; median notch not visible in dorsal view. Lateral
margin having three (not counting orbital angle) long, shallow,
scarcely projecting and equally spaced teeth, the edges of which are
unequally and bluntly denticulate.

Chelipeds very unequal, stout, hairy, granulate; palms swollen;
fingers rather short, tips light colored. In the major chela the pre-
hensile teeth are unequal, the largest one near base of fixed finger.
Ambulatory legs with margins granulate and hairy.

Measurements.—Ovigerous female, paratype, total length of cara-
pace 2.6, width of same 3.5, fronto-orbital width 2.5, width of
front 1.4 mm.

Range.—Galapagos Islands.

Material examined.—Offt Hood Island, 15 feet; station 54, Arcturus
Oceanographic Expedition; 1 ovigerous female, paratype (Mus. New
York Zool. Soc.).

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 519

in a triangle behind it; two of the largest are on the hepatic region
and smaller ones are scattered on the branchial and posterior regions.
Median lobes of front almost perpendicular, separated by a deep,
acutely triangular sinus, anterior margins oblique, arcuate, and
slightly denticulate; the small lateral lobes are minute teeth or
tubercles. Upper margin of orbit armed with three small pointed
teeth, the outer one forming the external angle. Antero-lateral
margin armed with three long, triangular teeth which are separated
from the angle of the orbit by a broad shallow sinus below which
there is a slender subhepatic tubercle. Lower margin of orbit
broken by a deep sinus, the inner lobe prominent and usually some-
what bituberculate at tip, outer lobe armed along the margin with
three or four small tubercles; external hiatus well marked. Inferior
orbital region with a few scattered granules. An oblique line of 8
or 10 small tubercles on the subbranchial region terminating just
behind the posterior tooth of the antero-lateral margin.

Chelipeds slightly unequal, carpus armed with a strong spine on
the inner edge and a few~-scattered tubercles on the upper surface,
hand tuberculate above and externally, the major palm with a naked
and smooth space on the lower edge at base of finger; fingers smooth,
striate and dark brown, the color not spreading on palm. Legs
armed with a few scattered sharp granules on upper side.

Measurements.—Male, cotype (Panama), length of carapace 11.4,
width of same 15 mm. Female (60225), length of carapace 6.6,
width of same 9.5, fronto-orbital width 6, width of front 2.7 mm.

Range—Panama; Ecuador; Peru.

Material exramined.—Panama; Capt. J. M. Dow; 1 female (4080).

Panama; shore, on rocks, low tide; May-July, 1924; Elizabeth
Deichmann; 1 male, 1 female (60225).

E¢uador: South side Point Santa Elena; September 17, 1926;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (60821).

Paita, Peru; October 8, 1926; W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (60950).

PILUMNUS HOLOSERICUS Rathbun
Plate 207, Figures 8 and 9

Pilumnus holosericus RaTtHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 268, pl. 5, fig. 1 (type-locality, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; Cat.
No. 19705, U.S.N.M.); Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, part 2
(1901), p. 39.

Diagnosis.—Covered with a smooth thick felt, concealing the
tubercles of the carapace in large part. Four lateral teeth. Half
or less than half of outer surface of major manus bare and smooth.

Description.—Carapace suboval; dorsal surface entirely covered
with a dense pubescence forming a smooth felt-like surface but dis-

520 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

posed in nodules or areoles corresponding largely to the regions and
subregions; a median gastric furrow extends nearly to posterior end
of region; a tuft of coarse tubular hairs on each protogastric and
epibranchial lobe and eight single or double similar hairs regularly
disposed on the carapace and one on each eyestalk. When the
pubescence is removed numerous small tubercles are exposed. Front
with two oblique entire lobes, no outer lobules or angulations, a large
median V-sinus. Antennal flagellum as long as width of front.
Upper margin of orbit interrupted by two well marked sinuses;
outer tooth small; lower margin granulate, a large acute inner tooth.
Antero-lateral margin with three broad, thick teeth with tuberculi-
form tips. In the long interval between them and the orbital tooth
a subhepatic tubercle is visible. Carpus and manus of chelipeds
with a covering similar to that of the carapace. Carpus and manus

FIGURE 81.—PILUMNUS HOLOSERICUS, MALE, DORSAL VIEW SHOWING TUBERCLES
ON RIGHT HALF OF CARAPACE, X3

of chelipeds with a covering similar to that of the carapace, except-
ing that the lower distal end (half or less than half) of the major
manus is bare and smooth; tubercles small and numerous and plainly
visible embedded in the felt. Fingers relatively short and stout.
Ambulatory legs covered with a very short velvet and margined
with numerous coarse tubular hairs.

Color.—Hands pink, the pink of the tubercles persisting for many
years in preserved specimens.

Measurements.—Male (24377), entire length of carapace 7.3, entire
width of same 9.2, fronto-orbital width 6.6, width of front 3.1 mm.

Range.—Tortugas, Bahamas, and Porto Rico to Trinidad and
Curacao.

Material examined.—Tortugas, Florida; 1924; W. L. Schmitt; gift
of Carnegie Institution: Rocks on east side of Loggerhead Key;
July 28; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (60947). Middle section of Bird
Key reef; July 26; 1 ovigerous female (60948).

.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 52]

Egg Island, Bahamas; 1893; Biological Expedition, State Univer-
sity of lowa; 1 male (Mus. S. U. L.).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Mayaguez; on coral reef; January
23; 1 male, 3 females (24378). Porto Real; January 27; 1 male,
2 females (24374). Boqueron Bay; on coral reef; January 28, 1 male,
2 females (24379). Ponce; February 1; 1 male (24380). Reefs at
Ponce; January 30; 2 males, 3 females (24375). Lighthouse reef,
Playa de Ponce, January 31, 1 female (24376) and February 1,
4 males, 15 females (24377). Lighthouse reef, Arroyo; February 3;
5 males, 2 females, 2 young (24381). Porto Rico; 1 male, 1 young
(24382).

St. Thomas: Krebs collector; from Copenhagen Mus.; 1 male, holo-
type (19705). Albatross; 1 male (19893).

St. John: 1 female (Copenhagen Mus.).

Trinidad; Feb. 1878; Crosby collector; from Boston Society of
Natural History; 1 ovigerous female (57014). :

Caracas Bay, Curagao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: Under stones
near shore; May 3; 2 males (Amsterdam Mus.). In coral; May 13;
1 male, 1 female (56901), 4 females (1 ovigerous) (Amsterdam Mus.).

PILUMNUS RETICULATUS Stimpson
Plate 209, Figures 4 and 5; Plate 210

Pilumnus reticulatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 214 [86] (type-locality, St. Thomas; type not extant)—RatHBun, Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 38.

Pilumnus tessellatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 295, pl. 51,
figs. 2-2d (type-locality, Desterro, Brazil; type in Paris Mus.).

Pilumnus fragosus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 296, pl. 52,
figs. 1-1f (type-locality, St. Thomas; type in Paris Mus.).

Pilumnus meridionalis Noxstut, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino,
vol. 16, No. 402, 1901, p. 8 (type-loeality, Mar del Plata, Argentina; type
in Turin Mus.).

Diagnosis.—Hairs reticulated, a single large tubercle in the inter-
stices. Frontal lobes oblique, concave. A few strong suborbital
teeth. Greater part of outer surface of major palm bare; at least
half of minor palm hairy.

Description.—Carapace, upper surface of chelipeds, and also the
legs clothed with short, stout setae, closely arranged to form reticu-
lating lines inclosing small naked polygonal areoles which on the
anterior half of carapace and chelipeds are mostly each occupied by
a large tubercle projecting forward and flattened on its superior and
posterior surface. About eleven such tubercles on carapace excluding
marginal ones, and fifteen or more on each cheliped. On the legs
there are two tubercles at proximal end of carpus and one at distal
end of propodus; otherwise the naked cavities are unoccupied by
tubercles; about two areoles occupy width of leg. Some much longer

522 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

and stouter clavate setae are dispersed among the short ones which
clothe the general surface. Margin of frontal lobes oblique and
slightly concave; at the outer ends there is a small blunt subrectangular
tooth. Antero-lateral margin with four teeth (including the orbital),
similar to the dorsal tubercles. There is also a subhepatic and a
subbranchial tubercle. Two or three, occasionally four, projecting
teeth on lower margin of orbit between the large inner tooth and the
outer orbital tooth.

Lower and distal two-thirds of outer surface of larger palm and
half or less of smaller palm smooth and naked; in the young the
smaller palm is hairy all over its outer face. Fingers also smooth;
only a few setae at base of dactyl.

Variations —There is considerable variation in the shape of teeth
and tubercles. In typical reticulatus (pl. 209, figs. 4 and 5) the
tubercles are depressed and their surface slightly convex, the lateral
teeth are similar lobes or tubercles flattened in a vertical plane, that is,
perpendicular to the dorsum. In some specimens the lateral teeth
are dentiform, depressed, forming an acute edge corresponding to
and continuous with the edge of carapace; this is forma tessellata =
forma meridionalis (plate 210, figs. 7-11). In occasional specimens
some of the tubercles are fungiform or mushroomlike; this is forma
fragosa (plate 210, figs. 1-6).

Measurements.—Male (60220), entire length of carapace 10.8, entire
width of same 15.3, fronto-orbital width 9.5, width of front 4.2 mm.
Male (48319), entire length of carapace 14, entire width of same 19,
fronto-orbital width 11, width of front 5.2 mm.

Range-—From Jamaica and Porto Rico to Patagonia. Panama
(Pacific).

Material examined.—

WEST INDIES AND CARIBBEAN SEA.—Jamaica: P. W.
Jarvis; specimens returned to sender. March 1-11, 1884; Albatross;
1 male, 2 females (18538); forma fragosa. Drunken Man’s Key, off
Kingston Harbor; May 6, 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 female (17993);
forma tessellata.

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: 1 male, 1 female (24251). Mayaguez;
January 19 and 20; 2 males (24249). Mayaguez Harbor; January 20;
1 male (24253). Playa de Ponce Reef; February 1; 1 male (24252).
Arroyo; February 4; 1 male, 1 female (24250). Puerto Real; 1 young
female (24248).

St. Thomas: January 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 4 males (18515).
1915; C. R. Shoemaker, for Carnegie Institution: St. Thomas Har-
bor, on the bottom of small boat, July 10, 1 female (60219); Gregerie
Bay, % to 2% fathoms, Co. R. S. seaweed, station 7, July 7, 1 male,
4 females (60218). St. Thomas; Hassler Exped.; 1 ovigerous female
(2457, M.C.Z.).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 523

Virgin Islands; from piles; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 5 males, 1
female, 1 young (60220), gift of Carnegie Institution.

Curacao; 1884; Albatross; 1 female (17904).

PANAMA.—Shore of Panama (Pacific side); low tide, rocks;
May-July, 1924; Elizabeth Deichmann; 1 male (60224).

Near Panama City; under stones on reefs; May, 1927; Melbourne
Ward; 1 female, forma tessellata; returned.

BRAZIL.—Pernambuco stone reef at Ilha de Nogueira; July 10,
1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 male (25725),
1 female (Stanford Univ.).

Recife Mapelle; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations;
1 male (19966); forma tessellata.

Bay of Bahia; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

Rio de Janeiro; one specimen lent by Copenhagen Museum.

Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiao, SAo0 Paulo; October, 1925; H. Lue-
derwaldt; 1 young (61128); forma tessellata.

Ponta da Cruz, Sio Francisco, Santa Catharina; October 7, 1925;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (60952); forma tessellata.

Florianopolis (formerly Desterro); Fritz Miller; 3 males, cotypes
(Paris Mus.), 1 female, cotype (20261), received from Paris Museum;
forma tessellata.

ARGENTINA.—Buenos Aires (?); 1 male (48319), received from
H. von Ihering; forma tessellata.

San Antonio W.; A. Carcelles and A. Radice, collectors; 2 males,
9 ovigerous females; lent by Buenos Aires Mus. (14833).

Puerto Militar; Luis Alimonda collector; 2 males; lent by Buenos
Aires Mus. (11775, 11776); forma tessellata.

PATAGONIA.—Eastern Patagonia; C. E. Porter; 1 male (60951),
forma tessellata, variety with dorsum nearly smooth.

PILUMNUS NUDIMANUS Rathbun

Pilumnus nudimanus Ratusun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2
(1901), p. 39, text-fig. 7 (type-locality, Arroyo, Porto Rico; holotype female,
Cat. No. 23770, U. S. N. M.).

Diagnosis —Carpus of chelipeds covered with large tubercles set
in, but not concealed by, a short dense fur. Palms naked. A
tuberculate ridge on hepatic region.

Description —Carapace covered with a short dense pubescence
(easily rubbed off) among which are a few tufts of longer stout setae
on the frontal, gastric, and anterior branchial regions. Hepatic
region prominent, having an oblique row, parallel to the antero-
lateral margin, of five or six small, reddish-brown beadlike tubercles,
visible amid pubescence. Antero-lateral margin armed with three
spines, stout at the base but sharp at the ends which are hooked
forward, the anterior one with a denticle on its posterior slope. A
denticle at outer angle of orbit and another behind it. Upper orbital

524 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

margin with two or three beadlike tubercles similar to those in the
hepatic row; lower margin granulate or crenulate. A subhepatic
spinule or denticle. Median sinus of front V-shaped, margin of lobes
arcuate, finely granulate; outer tooth small, a reddish tubercle at tip.
Upper margin of arm with a strong subterminal tooth. Wrist
densely furred, except in a narrow groove parallel to distal margin,
and bearing a number of large tubercles plainly visible of which there
is in the major cheliped about 26 behind the groove and 11 in front
of it. Hands of female very unequal, naked, sparingly dotted on the
outer surface with tubercles, except on lower third of major hand,
and a smaller area at proximal end of minor hand, which are smooth.
Major dactylus with tubercles above at the basal end. Fingers of
minor chela deeply furrowed, three ridges on dactylus granulated for
half or two-fifths their length, one ridge on fixed finger granulated
for half its length. Legs long-hairy, upper surface of carpal and
propodal segments
flattened and paved
with depressed acorn-
shaped tubercles.
Measurements.
Female holotype, en-
tire length of carapace
6, entire width of same

8.8 mm.
FIGURE 82.—PILUMNUS NUDIMANUS, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. a. CHELA. R ange.— P orto
b. CARAPACE, :
Rico.

Material examined.—Arroyo, Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Feb-
ruary 4; 1 ovigerous female, holotype (23770). On Lighthouse reef;
February 3; 1 young (24241).

PILUMNUS STIMPSONI Miers

Plate 205, Figures 5 and 6

Pilumnus marginatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871.
p. 109 [19] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).

Pilumnus stimpsonii Mrmrs, Challenger Rept., 4ool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 147; name sub
stituted for P. marginatus Stimpson 1871, preoccupied by Stimpson himself
in 1858 for another species from Loo Choo.

Diagnosis —Small, one-fourth wider than long. Carapace tuber-
culate, sparsely hairy; antero-lateral margin short, four-toothed or
spined. No subhepatic tooth. Both palms rough outside.

Description.—A very small species. Carapace somewhat hairy,
moderately convex; middle gastric region distinctly outlined, others
less so; surface regularly covered with small, mostly distant, acute
tubercles, between which the surface is very minutely punctate.

hao tee aarter STREET E eee:

SRE ITS aoe aed

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 525

The punctae probably served as hair sockets. Posterior extremity
very narrow. Areolets not protuberant. Median frontal channel
rather deep and conspicuous. Front broad, most advanced at middle,
lobes with slightly concave, nearly straight oblique margin, separated
from the supra-orbital margin by a small notch; its margin is granu-
lated and has a slight channel running parallel with it and separating
it from the frontal region. Orbital margin unarmed except by small
tubercles or granules, according to Stimpson, and has a single slight
fissure at the middle above. In the dried specimen (60223) there is
a sharp spinule on the upper margin of each orbit a little within or:
anterior to the fissure; also two spines on lobe at inner lower angle.
Antero-lateral margin sharply defined, almost limbed; armed with
three very slightly prominent spines besides angle of orbit and a
broad lobe posterior to it, neither of which project beyond the general
outline. The three teeth are each composed of two or three denticles
of about the size of the dorsal tubercles. Last tooth minute and
almost directly behind and above the one in front of it and is easily
overlooked. There is no subhepatic tooth but the region is finely
granulate.

Ridges of endostome sufficiently marked. Chelipeds large, bris-
tling with spines and acute tubercles. The spines occupy the upper
surface of carpus and manus, the longest spines on the margin, five
or six on margin of manus; lower down on the outer surface the spines
become sharp tubercles which toward the smooth lower margin are
scarcely more than granules. The ridges of both fingers are granulate
for half their length.

Oolor.—Chelipeds rosy red in a dried specimen.

Measurements.—Ovigerous female, dried (60223), length of cara-
pace 3.9, width of same 5, posterior width of same 3.7, fronto-orbital
width 4, width of front 1.8mm. Male type, length 4 mm. (0.16 inch),
width 5 mm. (0.2 inch).

Range.—West coast of Mexico: Cape St. Lucas to Manzanillo.

Material examined—Manzanillo, State of Colima; on drifted pile;
July 17, 1913; C. R. Orcutt; 1 ovigerous female, 2 young (60223).

Genus LOBOPILUMNUS A. Milne Edwards

Lobopilumnus A. Minune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 297; type, L.
agassizit (Stimpson).

Closely allied to Pilwmnus. Carapace unusually thick, much
swollen and deeply lobulate anteriorly. Front consisting of two
rounded lobes plainly separated from the inner orbital angles by a
rectangular emargination. Orbits with two fissures above and a
third below the outer angle. Antero-lateral margin cut into three
large teeth behind the orbital tooth or lobe; they are roughened by
numerous spinules or tubercles. A tubercle or small tooth on sub-

526 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

hepatic region. Basal article of outer antennae very short, not
reaching or barely reaching the prolongation of the front. Merus of
outer maxillipeds wider than long, anterior border concave, inner
emargination obtusangled. Buccal cavity wide anteriorly; endo-
stome with a sharp crest on each side. Abdomen of seven distinct

segments.
LOBOPILUMNUS AGASSIZI (Stimpson)

FORMA TYPICA

Plate 211, Figures 1 and 2

_ Pilumnus agassizii Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 142 (type-
localities, between East and Middle Keys, Tortugas, 5 to 7 fathoms, and
east of the Tortugas, 18 fathoms; types not extant).

FORMA PULCHELLA
Plate 211, Figure 3

Lobopilumnus pulchellus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 299,
pl. 52, figs. 4a and 5 (type-locality, Florida reefs; cotypes in M.C.Z., cotype
from Sombrero in Paris Mus.).

FORMA BERMUDENSIS
Plate 211, Figure 5

Lobopilumnus agassizii A. MiungE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 298,
pl. 52, fig. 4-4c (Florida reefs, Bermudas).

Lobopilumnus agassizii bermudensis RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ.
Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 269 (type-locality, Bermuda; type, Cat. No. 42798,
U.S.N.M.). :

Lobopilumnus agassizii bermudensis A. MitNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 319.

Lobopilumnus agassizti var. bermudensis VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts
and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 360, pl. 14, figs. 1 and 2.

FORMA TRINIDADENSIS, new
Plate 211, Figure 4

See below.

Diagnosis of species —Carapace rough and hairy. Marginal teeth
sharp, divergent. Frontal lobes denticulate. Chelae thickly tuber-
culate.

Description of typical form.—Areolets of carapace protuberant.
Surface pubescent everywhere except on the anterior and antero-
lateral areolets which are naked and thickly granulated. The depres-
sions between the protuberant areolets are broad, occupying fully as
much space as the areolets themselves. Two of the areolets form
the broad lobes of the front, which are as large and prominent as the
epigastric lobes, or even larger. Frontal surface vertical, not much
projecting, but the lobes are deeply separated from each other and
from the small lobules at the outer ends of the front. Orbital region
protuberant and granulate; margin not toothed, but crenulated with
granules, not advanced at outer angle, and marked by two fissures
above and one less conspicuous one below. The antero-lateral margin

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 527

behind the orbit is armed with three triangular, spine-tipped, equal
teeth of moderate size. Subhepatic tooth distinct.

Chelipeds short, stout; carpus covered above with granulated
tubercles which are confluent exteriorly, forming transverse ridges;
hand covered above and outwardly with small but prominent mam-
millary tubercles, having their apices pointing forward and arranged
largely in longitudinal lines on the outer surface. Legs pubescent
and hairy, carpal and propodal articles armed with minute spines or
spiniform granules above.

Color —Above sand filled gray pile, granules and knobs are ochra-
ceous rufous +madder brown; inner sides of meral joints of legs and
chelipeds smooth and much white. Whitish spots. (Schmitt, Cat.
No. 61110.) Forma bermudensis: Yellowish or salmon; fingers black
(Verrill). Fingers dark burnt umber with whitish apices; hands pink
flesh color on inside and between articulation of fingers on outside
(Schmitt).

Variation—The species is variable especially as to the number and
prominence of the areolets on the carapace. The typical form is not
uncommon on the west coast of Florida. Some of the extremes are
worthy of distinct names. In forma bermudensis the areolets are
fewer and lower than in typical agassiziz, those of the protogastric
and epibranchial regions are inconspicuous. Pubescence more wide-
spread, concealing much of the granulation. Sharp granules few or
altogether absent from upper surface of carpus and propodus of legs.
This form has been found not only at Bermuda but on the Florida
reefs (A. M. E.) and near Key West. (See table, pp. 528 and 529.)

Contrasting with bermudensis is a form (forma pulchella) reaching
further south to Cuba and the Yucatan Channel which was described
by A. Milne Edwards from the Florida reefs. It is the roughest form,
the areolets embracing the mesogastric region, which has three, the
whole protogastric region which has four or five, and that part of the
branchial region between the mesogastric region and the posterior of
the lateral teeth. The bare areolets form a striking pattern against
the pubescent background.

Quite at the other extreme is a single specimen supposed to have
come from Trinidad, in which the regions and subregions show little
signs of areolation and the hairy coat is unusually thick. The
granules or tubercles are few, even on the antero-lateral teeth. I call
this forma trinidadensis.

Habits —Verrill says ® of forma bermudensis: ‘‘When living the
carapace and legs are often rather thickly covered, and sometimes
almost concealed, by a coating of whitish calcareous mud and sand
that adheres to the hairs that cover the back. * * * It is most

83 Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 360.

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THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA

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530 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

frequently found under stones and dead corals. * * * Common,
both on the reefs and rocky shores, at low tide.”

Measurements—Male, forma typica (53742), entire length of cara-
pace 22.7, entire width of same 30.2, fronto-orbital width 19, width
of front 8.8 mm. Female, forma pulchella (48563), entire length of
carapace 18.5, entire width of same 25.3, fronto-orbital width 16,
width of front 7.4 mm. Male, forma bermudensis (42798), entire
length of carapace 24.6, entire width of same 33.2, fronto-orbital
width 21.9, width of front 10 mm. Female, forma trinidadensis
(56764), entire length of carapace 21.3, entire width 30.3, fronto-
orbital width 19.1, width of front 8.8 mm.

Range.—Gulf of Mexico (west coast of Florida and Florida Keys),
Yucatan Channel, Cuba, Trinidad.

Material examined.—See table, pages 528 and 529.

Genus HETERACTAREKA Lockington

Heteractaea Locki1nNeToN, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 97
[3]; type, H. pilosus Lockington=H. lunata Milne Edwards and Lucas.
Dorsal aspect hairy asin Pilumnus. Carapace approaching a typical
Xanthid form, little swollen. Fronto-orbital distance great, front
with a straight thick border. Orbital border thick, lobed below.
Antero-lateral border spinous. No palatal ridge. Carpus of am-
bulatory legs armed above with a raised crest in the shape of a horn.
Abdomen of male with third, fourth and fifth segments fused.
Known only in tropical and subtropical waters of America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HETERACTAEA

Al. Crest of carpus of ambulatory legs bearing only one horn. Orbit bilobed

PU yee 2 re si al SO a See Mind Ns ee Recah el ceratopus, p. 530.
A?. Crest of carpus of first three ambulatory legs bearing two horns. Orbit
irsLD@) EXCL NLD SL vee a oy aE lunata, p. 532.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific

ceratopus lunata
HETERACTAEA CERATOPUS (Stimpson)
Plate 212, Figures 5-8; Plate 213

Pilumnus ceratopus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 215 [87] (type-locality, Key Biscayne, Florida; type not extant).
Pilumnus? ScuRAMM, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 33,
pl. 3, figs. 9 and 10.
Heteractaea ceratopus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 390, pl.
52, fig. 3-3d.
Diagnosis.—Crest of carpus of all the ambulatory legs with a
single horn at distal end. Inferior orbital margin bilobed.
Description.—Body clothed above with very short tufts of pubes-
cence somewhat irregularly arranged, leaving many open spaces;

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA Fa

feet much more thickly covered with a longer hairy coat. Carapace
flattened posteriorly but anteriorly sloping moderately toward the
margins. Regions sufficiently distinct. A transverse ridge on
frontal region, interrupted at middle. Surface naked along anterior
margins which are obtuse and thickened. Three long and strong
acute spines on antero-lateral margin, directed more forward than
outward, and in the same line a slender spinule in front of the first
and of the second principal spine. One principal and one or two
minor subhepatic spines. Front nearly horizontal, very little ad-
vanced; a large median V emargination separating two slightly
oblique lobes, each with a projecting lobule at inner end. Superior
margin of orbit unarmed, fissured at middle; outer angle tuber-
culiform, projecting laterally; inferior margin deeply bilobate;
lobes large, triangular, projecting; external hiatus well marked.

Chelipeds very unequal, covered above and externally with short
spines more or less pyramidal in form; infero-distal half of outer
surface of palm naked; upper half of inner surface tuberculate and
granulate. Fingers channeled. Legs compressed, densely hairy;
merus spined above and with a larger spine at extremity; carpus with
a large, smooth, procumbent, hornlike process lying on its upper side,
in front of which are three or four spines along the anterior margin.
All the leg spines have a tuft of long hairs inserted on one side near
the tip.

Color —Carapace milk white. Naked part of palm bright red or
purplish; fingers black. Feet a little red; nails brown. Hairs
russet.

Measurements—Male (24845), entire length of carapace 20.5,
width excluding spines 27.2, including spines 30, fronto-orbital
width 15, width of front 7.7 mm.

Range.—From Bahamas and Miami, Florida, to Trinidad.

Material examined. —

BAHAMAS.—Green Turtle Cay; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (20711).

Andros Island; in sponge; Frederick Stearns; 1 male (42794).

Bahamas; Dr. Henry Bryant; 1 male (56820), received from
Boston Society of Natural History.

FLORIDA.—Miami; G. M. Gray; 1 female (42142).

Hawk Channel, 4% miles W. by N. of Elbow Reef beacon; 2%;
fathoms; barry, S.; temperature 20.5° C.; February 19, 1903; station
7467, Fish Hawk; 1 male (60741).

Duck Key; in coral; December 19, 1912; Fish Hawk; 1 male (60740).

Key West; January 28, 1901; B. A. Bean and W. H. King; 2 males,
3 females (24845).

Tortugas; June 5-8, 1893; Biological Expedition, State University
of Iowa; 1 male (S. U. I.), 1 female (20025).

0382 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Tortugas; 1924; gift of Carnegie Institution: Washed from weeds
and rocks off mid-section of Bush Key reef inside, 3 feet before eel-
grass; August 1; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (62520). 8S. end of Logger-
head Key, from large rock 2 feet by 18 inches by 18 inches; August
10; W. H. Longley; 2 females, 1 young (62521).

CUBA.—Los Arroyas; May 20, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch;
station 8, Tomas Barrera Expedition; 1 young (48521).

Punta Colorado; 2 to 3 fathoms; Sh. Grs.; May, 1914; same
collectors; station 10; 1 male (47920).

CARIBBEAN SEA.—Caracas Bay, Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der
Horst: May 5; 1 male in sponge (56882), 1 female, in coral (56881).
6 males, 3 females, 2 young (Amsterdam Mus.).

Trinidad; February, 1878; Crosby, collector; 1 male (56821), from
Boston Society of Natural History.

Barbados; from coral heads; June 4, 1918; Barbados-Antigua
Expedition; 2 females (58004), from State University of lowa.

HETERACTAEA LUNATA (Milne Edwards and Lucas)
Plate 212, Figures 1-4; Plate 214

Pilumnus lunatus M1LNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 20; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 9, figs. 2-2d (type-locality,
Valparaiso; type in Paris Mus.).—Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New
York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 216 [88].—Srreets and Kinasuey, Bull. Essex Inst.,
vol. 9; 1877 (1878), p. 106.

Heteractaea pilosus LocKINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 97 [3] (type localities, San José Island, Amortiguado Bay; and Port
Escondido, both in the Gulf of California; types not extant).

Heteractaea lunata Kinastry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879 (1880),
p. 396.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 301, pl. 52, fig. 2-2b.

Diagnosis —Crest of carpus of ambulatory legs two-horned or
crescentic; no crest on last pair. Inferior orbital margin trilobed, a
small lobe between two large ones.

Description—Similar to the preceding. Carapace wider in pro-
portion to its length; surface rugose or granulous. Front thick as in
ceratopus, but doubled by a padlike crest which runs parallel and
close to the marginal crest. Superior margin of orbit without fissure;
inferior margin with a small tooth or tubercle between the two large
lobes. Antero-lateral margin with three pointed teeth, directed
more outward than forward. Two large tubercles on subhepatic
region; one is visible from above between the first antero-lateral
tooth and the exorbital lobe, the other is below the outer end of that
lobe and is partially concealed by it; the subhepatic tubercles form
a continuous line with the antero-lateral teeth (but not the exorbital
lobe) and lead up to the outer lobe of the inferior orbital margin.

Chelipeds covered with coarse conical tubercles each of which
forms a center for a rosette of short coarse hairs. Ambulatory legs

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 533

more hairy than chelipeds. The crest of the carpus in the first three
pairs only has two spines above, one near each end, forming a crescent.

Color—Carapace and legs russet brown. Palms rose color,
fingers deep brown.

Measurements.—Male (33274), entire length of carapace 10.2,
width excluding spines 14.6, including spines 15.5, fronto-orbital
width 9, width of front 4.3 mm. Male (Gulf of California), length
of carapace 19, width 27 mm. (Lockington).

Range.—From San Diego, California (Faxon) to Valparaiso, Chile.

Material examined.—

MEXICO.—Los Coronados Island; imbedded in coral *; 1 female;
returned to Mrs. Kate Stephens, San Diego Society of Natural
History.

Maria Madre Island; California Acad. Sci.: E. part of bay; 5-8
meters; May 17, 1925; F. Contreras; 2 males (62700). 4-10 fathoms;
2 males, returned.

PANAMA.—Capt. J. M. Dow; 2 males, 3 females (2146). March
12, 1891; Albatross; 1 male (20603). Low tide, rocks; May—July,
1924; E. Deichmann; 1 male, soft shell (60742).

Taboguilla Island; Albatross: 1 fathom; low tide, from coral;
October 31, 1904; 4 males, 2 females, 1 young (33274). Between tide-
marks; October 31, 1899; 1 male, 1 female (M.C.Z.).

Genus ACIDOPS Stimpson

Acidops Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 110 [20];
type, A. fimbriatus Stimpson.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1880, p. 301.

Carapace broad, smooth, with convex antero-posterior and nearly
plane transverse dorsal outline; surface nearly even. Antero-lateral
margin short, acute, with three inconspicuous teeth, besides the angle
of the orbit. Eyes and orbits elongate, resembling somewhat those
of certain Macrophthalmoids. Orbits destitute of teeth or fissures.
Eye-peduncles flattened, with an acute anterior edge continuous
with the margin of the carapace. The basal article of the external
antennae fills the orbital hiatus and just reaches the front. Chelipeds
short. Legs broad and compressed except the dactyli which are
narrow. Abdomen of male with the third segment much produced
on either side; appendages of first pair broadly laminate at base,
geniculated at the posterior third of their length and tapering to a
fine point somewhat incurved toward the extremity and reaching to
the penult segment of the abdomen; those of the second pair two-
thirds as long as the first, slender, cylindrical, and tapering to a fili-
form extremity.

8 Of this coral Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan says, “probably near Pocillopora capitata Verrill, which is
found along the west coast of America from Lower California to Panama.”

534 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Somewhat allied to Pilumnus but differs greatly in the character
of orbits and eye-peduncles. (Stimpson.)
West Coast of Mexico; South Australia.

ACIDOPS FIMBRIATUS Stimpson

Plate 215

Acidops fimbriatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 111
[21] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).

? Ceratoplax ciliata Cano, Bull. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 229
(EKeuador). Not C. ciliata Stimpson.

Diagnosis.—Kyestalks long (for a Xanthid) and flattened. An
anterior fringe of hair. Lateral teeth imconspicuous. Chelipeds
short.

Description.—Anterior and antero-lateral margins of carapace
ciliated with a fringe of long fine hairs. Carapace covered with a
short pubescence and areolated, the areolets being sufficiently dis-
tinct, but not at all protuberant. Angle of orbit and next tooth of
antero-lateral margin about equal in size; the other two teeth very
small. Subhepatic region smooth. Front not prominent; median
sinus slight; lobes very slightly convex. A strong, prominent endos-
tomial ridge, continued to the epistome. External maxillipeds
hairy; merus somewhat swollen. Chelipeds somewhat hairy; hand
granulated on outer side; fingers short, acuminate and with granu-
lated longitudinal ridges. Legs ciliated. Resembles Ceratoplaz ciliatus
in appearance. (After Stimpson.)

Measurements.—Male type, length of carapace 5.38 mm. (0.21 inch);
width of same 7.1 mm. (0.28 inch). Female (Baumoris), length of
carapace 10.3, width of same 14.3 mm.

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico (type-locality) ;
? Ecuador; South Australia.

Material examined.—Baumoris, Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia;
J. Gabriel; 1 female (Australian Mus.). This specimen sent for
examination some years ago fits Stimpson’s description except in
one minor point, that is, the first 3 lateral teeth are subequal and
larger than the fourth, instead of the last two very small. The
Australian specimen is twice as large as the type and of the opposite
sex. The areolation of the carapace is fairly distinct in spite of the
pubescence which is very short and dense and mixed on the elevations
with a few long, coarse hairs. Maxillipeds wide, merus transversely
oblong-oval, without a notch at the inner angle. First segment of
abdomen (female) much wider than any of the others.

Genus PILUMNOIDES Milne Edwards and Lucas

Pilumnoides Miunr Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l)Amér. Mérid.,
vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1848, p. 21; type, P. perlatus (Poeppig).—A. MILNE
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 303.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 535

Carapace thick, swollen, suborbicular, narrow behind. Regions
well marked, little prominent. Front bilobed and defiexed. Orbits
deep, almost circular, superior emarginations typically replaced by
closed fissures. Antero-lateral margins little oblique, prolonged in-
ward and backward from the last lateral tooth by a small crest on the
branchial regions. Basal article of outer antennae remarkably short,
second article scarcely reaching the subfrontal prolongation; flagel-
lum short. Basal article of inner antennae wide and raised, the
fossette in which the remaining articles are folded is oblique. The
buccal cavity bears on either side a small emargination correspond-
ing to an endostomial crest which limits the canal of the branchial
chamber. Outer maxillipeds wide; merus rounded at external angle
and slightly cut inside for insertion of palp. Chelipeds subequal,
short and strong; arm entirely concealed under carapace; three large
lobes or tubercles on upper margin of palm. Last three articles of
ambulatory legs rounded above, dactyli terminated by slender,
pointed nails. Abdomen of male with seven free segments.

Panama to Chile; southern Florida and West Indies; Argentina to
Straits of Magellan.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PILUMNOIDES

A!, Carapace and chelipeds not thickly covered with hair. A large tubercle on
outer surface of immovable finger.

B!. Branchial ridge almost transverse___________..-__---- perlatus, p. 535.

B2. Branchial ridge almost longitudinal________________-_- hassleri, p. 537.

A?, Carapace and chelipeds thickly covered with hair. No large tubercle on
outer surface of immovable finger____..__.____________-_ nudifrons, p. 538.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
hassleri perlatus

PILUMNOIDES PERLATUS (Poeppig)
Plate 216; Plate 217, Figure 3; Plate 218, Figure 3

Hepatus perlatus Porrpia, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1836, p. 135, pl. 4,
fig. 2 (type-locality, St. Vincent Bay, near Taleahuano, Chile; type in Mus.
Univ. Leipzig).

Pilumnoides perlatus Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér.
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1844, p. 21; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 9, figs. 1-le.—
A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 304, pl. 54, figs. 6, 6a.—
RaTHBUN, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1907, p. 49, pl. 2, figs. 1 and
2; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 544, pl. 50, fig. 2.

Pilumnoides danai Kinauan, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. 1, 1857, pp. 333 and
337, pl. 14, fig. 2 (type-locality, Chinchas Islands, Peru, 7 fathoms; type
in Mus. Roy. Dublin Soc.).

Diagnosis.—Branchial ridge almost transverse. Short transverse
granulated ridges on anterior part of carapace.

Description.—Carapace broader than long, anterior two-thirds
tuberculate, the tubercles forming, in part, short transverse striae,

536 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

posterior third nearly smooth; antero-lateral margin with five or six
irregular teeth. Front most produced at middle. Outer orbital
sinus narrow, between two flat sharp-edged teeth. Chelipeds
tuberculate, tubercles arranged in rows on lower half of palm, the
next to the lowest row terminating in a large tooth or tubercle on the
outside of the immovable finger; upper edge of palm trilobate or
tridentate; fingers brown with white tips, gaping slightly in basal
half. Legs slender, terminal half or third furry.

Color—Larger specimens, dark bistre with a whitish area either
side of posterior portion. Smaller ones almost black; clove brown
carapace and legs; chelipeds except fingers a sort of lavender gray;
fingers olive or bistre. (Schmitt.)

Measurements.—Male, Valparaiso, length of carapace 18, width of
same 23.3 mm. Female, ovigerous, Valparaiso, length of carapace
10.2, width of same 13 mm.

Range-—Panama (Cano) to Chile. Accidental at Queenstown,
Ireland, and Plymouth, England (Calman).

Material examined.—

PERU.—Paita; October 7 and 8, 1926; 1 male, 3 young (60929,
60932).

Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa; about 5 fathoms, in trawl;
April 8, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector, for the Peruvian Government;
specimens returned.

Salavery; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: October 19; 1 male, 1 female, 10
young (60927). October 21; 11 males, 9 females (1 ovigerous), 12
young (60816). October 23 and 24; 18 males, 37 females (7 ovigerous)
9 young (60815).

Near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island; 2.5 fathoms, dredged;
same collector; 1 male, 2 females (40423).

San Lorenzo Island; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: November 1; 1 female
(60928); November 3; 6 males, 1 female, 5 young (60819). Novem-
ber 7; 1 young female (60818). Dredged; 4 young (60930).

Callao; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

CHILE.—Antofagasta: November 6, 1914; J. N. Rose; 2 females
(49058), received from the Carnegie Institution. November 15, 1926;
W. L. Schmitt; 3 females (1 ovigerous), 6 young (60817).

Valparaiso Bay; C. E. Porter; 1 male, 1 female, returned to Mus.
Hist. Nat. Valparaiso; 1 female (82263).

Valparaiso; April, 1920; Edwyn Reed; 8 males, 11 females (5
ovigerous); lent by Buenos Aires Museum (10806).

Valparaiso; January 7, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 16 young (62551).

Talcahuano; January 15, 1927; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male, 2 females
(60931).

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 537

PILUMNOIDES HASSLERI A. Milne Edwards
Plate 217, Figures 1 and 2

Pilumnoides hassleri A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 304, pl. 54,
fig. 5-5d, (immature female) (type-locality, lat. 40° 22’ 8., long. 60° 35’ W.,
30 fathoms; cotypes in M.C.Z., cotypes in Paris Mus.); Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zo6l., vol. 8 ,Dec. 1880, p. 18—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 317.

Pilumnoides perlatus Ratupun (not Poeppig), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21,
1898, p. 586.

Diagnosis.—Branchial ridge longitudinally oblique, almost parallel
to postero-lateral margin. Carapace granulate.

Description.—Less strongly marked than P. perlatus. Carapace
longer and narrower, postero-lateral margins more convergent.
Surface of anterior two-thirds finely granulate; two hepatic nodules,
the outer one small. Antero-lateral margin definitely quinquedentate,
counting the angle of the orbit and a lobe immediately behind it;
the margin is prolonged on the branchial region in a line almost parallel
to the postero-lateral margin. The upper margin of the orbit some-
times but not always shows traces of emargination at the fissures;
outer fissure narrow, its borders not raised. Ornamentation of
chelipeds similar to that in perlatus but on the upper half of outer
surface of palm the tubercles are in large part clustered together,
forming larger unequal tubercles. The lobes on the upper margin
are more dentiform than in the allied form. The lobe on the outside
of the propodal finger is more projecting than in perlatus; the lower
margin of that finger is arcuate, not straight. Fingers light colored
in preserved specimens.

Measurements.—Male (53446), length of carapace 11.7, width of
same 13.1 mm.

Range-—From Uruguay to the Straits of Magellan.

Material eramined.—

URUGUAY .—Lat. 35° 24’ S., long. 53° 10’ W.; 70-75 fathoms;
June 13—July 1, 1925; Undine, Capt. C. Alexandersson; 7 males,
1 female, 5 young; lent by Buenos Aires Museum (15885).

ARGENTINA.—Off the Rio de la Plata; January 13, 1888;
Albatross: Lat. 36° 42’ S., long. 56° 23’ W.; 11.5 fathoms; S. brk.
Sh.;3 young (21989). Lat. 36° 43’ S., long. 56° 23’ W.; 10.5 fathoms;
S. brk. Sh.; 4 males, 3 females, 5 young (21990). Lat. 36° 47’ S.,
long. 56° 23’ W.; 10.5 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; 1 male, 4 females (21991).

Mar del Plata: April 29, 1919; F. Felippone; 1 male (53446).
Martin Doello-Jurado collector; lent by Buenos Aires Museum:
25 fathoms, March 1918, 4 females (1 ovigerous), Cat. No. 9359;
from the market, August 7, 1918, 1 male, 3 females; 2 males, 7 females,
Cat. No. 10763; 2 males, 3 females, Cat. No. 9445. August 28, 1920,

538 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

3 females, Cat. No. 11381. April 14, 1921, M. Lesieux collector,
2 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous), lent by Buenos Aires Museum.
February 1924, Leloir and Francheshi collectors, 1 male, lent by
Buenos Aires Museum (14292).

Off Mar del Plata, 1914, Patria, lent by Buenos Aires Museum:
Station 76, 1 male, 9 females, Cat. No. 8620; station 81, 2 males,
4 females (3 ovigerous).

Off Punta Mogotes; about 25 meters; Patria; lent by Buenos Aires
Museum; Second voyage, station 75, 1 male, 2 females; second voyage,
stations 75 and 76, 4 males, 4 females; station 77, 11 males, 8 females,
1 young.

Off Argentina; 1872; Hassler: E. of Creek Id.; lat. 40° 22’ S., long.
60° 35’ W.; 30 fathoms; March 3; station 27; 12 specimens, cotypes
(2979, M.C.Z.). Off Bermeja Head; lat. 41° 17’ S., long. 63° 00’ W.;
17 fathoms; March 4; station 28; 1 specimen (2978, M.C.Z.).

Coast of Argentina; F. Felippone; 1 female (61123).

PATAGONIA.—Point Madryn (probably); 2 young females;
lent by Buenos Aires Museum.

CHILE.—Straits of Magellan; lat. 52° 22’ 30’’ S., long. 69° 22’ 00’
W.; 29.5 fathoms; S. St.; January 18, 1888; station 2775, Albatross;
1 male (21992).

PILUMNOIDES NUDIFRONS (Stimpson)
Plate 218, Figures 1 and 2

Pilumnus nudifrons Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 143 (type-
locality, off Sombrero Key, 111 and 125 fathoms; types destroyed in the
Chicago fire) —A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 293, pl. 53,
figs. 1-lg—A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
vol. 47, 1923, p. 320.

Pilumnoides nudifrons RaTHBuUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist., State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4,
1898, p. 263.

Diagnosis —Carapace and chelipeds thickly hairy; a bare strip
across front and orbits. No large tubercle on outside of propodal
finger. '

Deseription.—Carapace more swollen than in the other species and
front more deflexed; surface densely clothed with a short vesicular
pubescence except for a naked band across the front and postorbital
region; some longer hairs on anterior portion. When the hairs are
removed the surface shows granulation on the highest parts of the
subregions, separated by broad smooth spaces. Frontal lobes less
oblique than in perlatus and hassleri. Slight emarginations in the
upper border of the orbit, separated by a shallow lobe; outer sinus
broad and shallow. Lateral teeth much as in hassleri but the last
three are erect.

No.

Catalogue

Specimens

Collector

Sta-
tion

Date
Feb. 14,1902 | 7279 | Fish Hawk. ..___---

oa; Oars foes

pera-

ture
oe
55

Tem-

Bottom

O8e Sa ae

oms

Material examined of Pilumnoides nudifrons
Fath-

Bearings
Longitude
58° 25

N.

24 21 55 | 81

Latitude

Locality
Gulf Stream, off Key West_____-

Florida:

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 539

densely hairy, hairs longer than
DF pace eet the pubescence of the carapace
et Weel and extending over the base of the
ery aia ier st yi dactylus and all but the tip of the
a propodal finger. When the hairs
are removed, four or five rows of
tubercles are visible but less regu-
lar than in the above species and
interspersed on the distal portion
including bases of fingers with
closely placed tubercles. No large
tubercle on outside of propodal
finger. Three large tubercles on
upper margin of palm, the first two
subequal and subacute, the third
or most distal very much larger,
broadly rounded, domelike. Last
three articles of ambulatory legs
as well as sternum and abdomen
densely hairy.

Measurements—Male, station
; 30, length of carapace 14.8, width
of same 17.4 mm.

Range.—Florida Straits; Barba-
dos (A. Milne Edwards). 70 to
304 fathoms.

Material examined.—See table
on this page.

Hoo Merus of outer maxillipeds pro-
Sp

a oi duced obliquely forward and out-
é a g Z ward. Outer aspect of chelipeds

1d'-
1 Gees
17
19 2

a.

Eolis (J. B. Henderson) __

Eo dos- se

E oon Ss eee ee
30 | Biol. Exped. State Univ. Iowa___-_--

29
§2

Mar. 4,1902 | 7301
June 29, 1893
1916 ee

1 About 100.

52
58
.---|------| June 20, 1893

.-|------| June 19, 1893

eV See.

3045) 'Seceae
127
()
1
ATES | sees

10-805| === =

Genus OZIUS Milne Edwards

Ozius Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat.
Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 404; type, O.
tuberculosus Milne Edwards.

about 6 miles.
American Shoal Light,
NE. by N., 8 miles

NNW.
Sand Key Light, N.,

ZA =-i3. 45°|-81 68> 16
24 18 37/81 36 50
Sand Key Light,

OffsSandikeye seek eee

Carapace broad, transversely
oblate-oval, moderately convex
fore and aft, slightly convex or
nearly flat from side to side; the
regions, except gastric, little de-
fined; the surface smooth or
eranular, often rugose anteriorly.
Antero-lateral borders of good
length, strongly arched, usually

piece a
Off Key West__-.__-

DOs 225-38

Off American Shoal.__..___-_-..
Bambor Kev te.5 =e 5 os =

540 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

broadly crenate or lobulate; postero-lateral borders convergent,
about as long as or shorter than antero-lateral. Front rather
broad (considerably more than a fourth, the greatest breadth of
carapace), obliquely deflexed, cut into four lobules or teeth of about
equal size, separated from orbit by a notch. Orbits deep, rather
small, the grooves near outer angle inconspicuous; eyes on short,
thick stalks. The antennules fold nearly transversely. Basal anten-
nal article prolonged between side of front and orbital plate; the
flagellum, which is very small (about half the major diameter of the
orbit in length,) stands in the orbital hiatus. The ridges of the endo-
stome, defining the expiratory channels, are very strong, and the
opposed margin of the merus of the external maxillipeds is notched,
usually very deeply, so that a permanent expiratory orifice results.
Chelipeds massive, unequal in both sexes; the fingers of good length,
pointed, not hollowed. The abdomen of the male consists of seven
segments.
Indo-Pacific region; both sides of middle America.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS OZIUS

A’. Carapace less than one and a half times as wide as long. Size large. Chelipeds

BTN OO GI Rae Bee las es La Sf ak re A RG ge 2 verreauxii, p. 540.
A®. Carapace more than one and a half times as wide as long. Size small. Cheli-
peds rough.

B!. Minor manus more than half as high as major. Lateral border marginate.

C!, Inner surface of manus not swollen near proximal end. Anterior
and antero-lateral borders together not broadly arched.

reticulatus, p. 542.

C2. Inner surface of manus swollen near proximal end. Anterior and

antero-lateral borders together broadly arched___perlatus, p. 548.

B?. Minor manus not more than half as high as major. Lateral border

thick. notwumanginaternrnee? BAS. 2 o8 oe eee Sa agassizii, p. 544.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT
Atlantic Pacific
reticulatus _ perlatus
Ozius rugosus Milne Edwards and Lucas, ‘‘Chili,’’®> is a synonym
of Lydia tenax (Riippell), which inhabits the western part of the
Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Baluchistan. ‘Chili’ is very
likely an error in locality.

OZIUS VERREAUXII Saussure
Plate 219; Plate 220, Figure 3

Ozius verreauxii SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 5, 18538, p. 359 [6], pl.
12, fig. 1 (type-locality, Mazatlan, Mexico; type not extant).—A. MILNE
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 277, pl. 5, fig. 4.

Xantho grandimanus LocKiNGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877),
p. 98 [4] (type-locality, La Paz, L. C.; type not extant).

5 lm d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1844, p. 17; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 8 bis.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 541

Diagnosis.—Of large size. Carapace less than one and a half times
as wide as long; last two lateral teeth, though small, distinct and
projecting. Chelipeds smooth.

Description—Carapace narrow, less than one and a half times as
wide as long. Surface covered with depressed granules, antero-
lateral regions rugose. Grooves deep about the anterior portion of
the gastric and mesogastric regions; a broad median groove between
mesogastric region and edge of front. An oblique furrow runs across
the front and behind the orbit; from it a short branch partially sub-
divides the protogastric regions. There is an oblique branchial
ridge ending at the base of the penult lateral tooth. Front divided
into four well separated lobes, those of the outer pair smaller than
those of the inner. Orbits heavily rimmed, the rim enveloping the
outer suborbital tooth; a tooth below at inner angle. Behind the
orbital rim, 5 antero-lateral projections, the first three lobate, the
last two shallow teeth.

Inner angle of carpus of cheliped blunt. Manus swollen, punctate,
the punctae arranged chiefly in longitudinal lines. Fingers narrow,
those of major chela widely gaping, teeth of movable finger larger
and fewer than those of the dactylus, the large basal tooth excepted.
Fingers of minor chela scarcely gaping, teeth numerous, those of the
immovable finger running larger. The color of the major fixed finger
runs backward and upward a little on the palm. Dactylus, propodus
and distal end of carpus of ambulatory legs densely pubescent.

Color —Slate gray with bandings of coral at meral and carpal
joints of ambulatory legs. (Boone.)

Measurements.—Female (48779), length of carapace 52.4, width
of same 81.7, fronto-orbital width 32.7, width of front 18.1 mm.

Range-—From Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Ecuador
(Nobili).

Material examined.—

MEXICO.—Maedalena Bay; June, 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 large
female (Mus. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.).

La Paz, Gulf of California; L. Belding; 1 female (4627).

Teacapan, Sinaloa; from oyster beds; Secretaria de Agricultura y
Fomento; 1 male (61029).

PANAMA.—Pacific shore of Panama; low tide, rocks; May—July,
1924; E. Deichmann; 1 male (60791).

Taboga Island: May 12-15, 1911; Meek and Hildebrand, Smith-
sonian Biological Survey; 1 female (43994). June, 1914; J. Zetek;
2 females (48775, 48779).

Taboguilla Island; between tide marks; October 31, 1904; Albatross;
1 female (33303).

Naios Island; G. M. Gray; 1 female (42145).

542 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.—James Island; April 11, 1888; Alba-
tross; 2 males (21981).

Indefatigable Island: April 12, 1888; Albatross; 1 male (21983).
April 25, 1923; Wilhams Galapagos Expedition; 1 male (57737); gift
of New York Zoological Society.

Charles Island; April 1, 1891; Albatross; 1 female (20605).

Chatham Island; April 4, 1888; Albatross; 1 female (21982).

OZIUS RETICULATUS (Desbonne and Schramm)
Plate 220, Figures 1 and 2

Lagostoma reticulata DESBONNE and ScuramM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 34,
pl. 4, fig. 6 (type-locality, Guadeloupe, ‘‘au Moule et 4 la Pointe-a-Pitre’’;
type not extant).

Lagostoma reticulata DESBONNE and ScHRAMM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, explana-
tion of pl. 4, fig. 6.

Ozius integer Smitu, Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., for 1869 (1871), p. 89 (type-
locality, Aspinwall; type in M.C.Z.).

Ozius reticulatus A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 278, pl. 55, fig.
3-3d.

Diagnosis.—-Size small. Carapace more than one and a half times
as wide as long. Lateral borders subentire, the teeth scarcely
projecting outward beyond the marginal curve. Antero-lateral
regions and wrist and palm eroded.

Description.—Carapace more than one and a half times as wide as
long; deeply eroded along the antero-lateral regions, covered with
depressed granules and punctae elsewhere. Gastric and mesogastric
regions well delimited. Mesogastric region constricted before it
widens out; protogastric lobes partly subdivided. The oblique
branchial ridge does not extend to the antero-lateral margin. Sub-
median frontal lobes subtriangular, outer lobes smaller, triangular;
median sinus narrower than lateral ones. Above the margin of the
front a transverse ridge, giving the appearance of a double-edged
front. From this ridge the median groove leads backward. Inner
suborbital tooth small, inconspicuous. Antero-lateral border mar-
ginate, entire or subentire; the positions of three of the obsolete teeth
are indicated by short, oblique, dorsal ridges, but the teeth can best
be discerned from the ventral side.

Carpus and manus of chelipeds eroded. Minor manus two-thirds
as high as major. The dark color of the minor fingers covers only
the distal half, of the major fingers reaches nearly to the proximal end.

Color—Wine-color or dirty rose forming a reticulated pattern with
lakes or spots of fawn-color. (Desbonne and Schramm.)

Measurements. —Male (24354), length of carapace 15, width of
same 23.8, fronto-orbital width 9.2, width of front 6.2 mm.

Range.—Bahamas; West Indies; north coast of South America.

Material exramined—Bahamas; Charles L. Edwards; specimens
returned to sender.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 543

Jamaica: Southeast Cay; P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to
sender.

Culebra Island: Ensenada Honda; February 9 and 10, 1899; Fish
Hawk; 4 males, 1 female (24354).

St. John Island, Virgin Islands; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

St. Croix Island; specimens in Copenhagen Museum.

Curacao, D. W. I.; Spanish Bay; among stones in the surf; May 11,
1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 male (Amsterdam Museum), 1 ovigerous
female (56886).

Curacao, D. W. I.; 1905; J. Boeke: Rifwater; shallow water;
muddy bottom; September 23; 1 male (Leiden Mus.). Bay of
Wacao; sandy beach; October 4-5; 1 ovigerous female (Leiden
Mus.).

Colombia: Sabanilla; March 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 10 males, 18
females (17824).

Panama: Colon [Aspinwall]; J. A. McNeil; 1 male, type of O. integer
(4827, M.C.Z.).

OZIUS PERLATUS Stimpson
Plate 221, Figures 1 and 2

Ozius perlatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 211 [83]
(type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in Museum of Comparative Zoél-
ogy).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 278, pl. 55, figs. 2-2¢.—
Boone, Zoologica, 1927, p. 228, text-fig. 84.

Diagnosis.—Anterior and antero-lateral borders together strongly
arched. Inner surface of palm swollen near its proximal end. Other-
wise much as in reticulatus.

Description.—Carapace very broad and depressed. Anterior part
of carapace and upper side of chelipeds rugose, the raised portions
reticulating, the pits and channels deep, as if eroded. The antero-
lateral borders form with the front a curve of a large circle, their
outline is entire anteriorly, but posteriorly there is an indication of
three teeth. Carapace flat and obscurely granulate posteriorly,
anteriorly deflexed, well areolated, the anterior branchial lobule being
circumscribed. lLatero-inferior regions granulated. Front depressed
and transversely channeled, nearly straight in a view from above,
but strongly bidentate at the middle in a front view; teeth obtuse.
Basal article of external antennae projecting, being jammed in the
inner angle of the orbit. External maxillipeds more or less pubescent;
merus rather deeply bisulcate and anteriorly conspicuously notched
at the efferent aperture. (Stimpson, A. Milne Edwards.)

Color —Dark reddish. (Stimpson.)

Measurements.—Length of carapace 16.5 mm. [0.65 inch], width
28 mm. [1.1 inch] (Stimpson). Female, length of carapace 10, width
16 mm. (A. Milne Edwards).

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico; Panama;
Galapagos Islands; Ecuador.

544 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Material examined.—Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus; 1 male, 1
female, cotypes (1256, M. C. Z.).

Ecuador: South side of Point Santa Elena; September 17, 1926;
W. L. Schmitt; 1 female (60790).

OZIUS AGASSIZII A. Milne Edwards

Plate 221, Figures 3 and 4

Ozius agassizii A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 279, pl. 55, figs.
1-ld (type-locality, Panama; type in M. C. Z.).—Nobszi11, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, 1901, no. 415, p. 36.—Boons, Zoologica,
vol. 8, 1927, p. 225, text-fig. 83.

Diagnosis.—Minor cheliped very slender, especially the fingers.
Carapace and chelipeds tuberculate. Lateral margin of carapace
thick.

Description.—Approaches the two preceding in form of carapace
but is less regularly ovoid. The anterior surface bears instead of
depressions small unequal tubercles, which give it a very rough appear-
ance. Regions indistinct. An oblique granulate line runs from the
lateral angle to the gastric region. Front quadrilobate, the lobes of
the median pair very broad, subtriangular and blunt. Antero-lateral
borders thick, not margined as in reticulatus, entire in front, two
shallow teeth at the widest part; sometimes an indication of another
tooth in front of, or behind these two.

Chelipeds very unequal, the minor manus only half as high as the
major; both are swollen and approach the cylindrical. Merus,
carpus, manus and half of dactylus very rough with tubercles, which
form irregular lines above the manus. Fingers long and slender,
those of major chela gaping; those of minor chela extremely long,
exceeding palm in length, and extremely slender, fitting tight together;
teeth minute.

Color.—-Uniform red brown, or a rather bright carmine band on the
anterior and antero-lateral regions. (Nobili.)

Measurements.—Female (33329), length of carapace 13.1, width of
same 21.5, fronto-orbital width 11, width of front 5.4 mm.

Range.—From Costa Rica to Ecuador (Nobili).

Material examined.—Costa Rica: Punta Arenas; 3 large specimens
(Copenhagen Mus.).

Panama: Pacific shore of Panama; low tide, rocks; May-July, 1924;
E. Deichmann; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (60788). Taboga Island:
July, 1924; E. Deichmann; 1 male (60789). May, 1927; Melbourne
Ward; 1 male, 1 female; returned. Taboguilla Island; between tide
marks; October 31, 1899; Albatross; 2 males, 4 females, 7 young
(33329), 2 males, 2 females, 3 young (M. C. Z.). Perico Island;
Oct. 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male, 1 young (33288).

Galapagos Islands: James and Charles Islands; Hassler Expedition ;
specimens in M. C. Z. Chatham Island; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 545

Navy; 2 females, 1 young (17804). Duncan Island; Albatross; 2
males, 5 females (21984).

Genus ERIPHIA Latreille

Eriphia LATREILLE, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1817, p. 404; type, E.
spinifrons (Herbst).

Carapace thick and deep, approaching a quadrilateral shape, very
little convex or nearly flat, not remarkably broader than long.
_Antero-lateral borders slightly curved, much shorter than postero-
lateral, and meeting the latter, not at a strong angle, as in most
xanthids, but at a very open and imperceptible angle; though spinate,
they are not cut into lobes. Fronto-orbital border extremely broad,
much more than three-quarters the greatest breadth of carapace;
the front is strongly deflexed, almost straight, cut in the middle into
two lobes, beyond which the wide inner orbital lobe is in contact with
a singularly broad prolongation of the infra-orbital plate. The orbits,
which are deep and oval, are therefore completely closed and widely
separated from the antennae. Basal antennal article very small,
short, and broad; flagellum long, more than the major diameter of the
large orbit. The antennules fold transversely. The crests of endos-
tome, defining the expiratory canals, are strong, and the canal is
completed below by the foliaceous process of the first maxillipeds, the
anterior edge of that process being concave. Oblique anterior border
of merus of external maxillipeds not notched. Chelipeds massive,
unequal in both sexes; fingers stout, pointed, not hollowed. The
abdomen of the male has all seven segments separate.

Inhabits both coasts of middle America; eastern Atlantic and
southern Europe to the Indo-Pacific region.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ERIPHIA

Al. Carapace roughened antero-laterally with tubercles each formed of a row of
two or more granules.
Bi. Male abdominal appendages of first pair with pa gradually

taperinea andysharp, poimtedsh fas oe ke gonagra, p. 545.
B?. Male abdominal appendages of first pair with thickened, blunt
GL eer edt Se ahs 2 a OR eS pe de 2 or ee ee squamata, p. 550.

A?. Carapace covered with single granules, coarser in front half_granulosa, p. 551.

ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT

Atlantic Pacific
gonagra . squamata
ERIPHIA GONAGRA (Fabricius)

CALICO CRAB
Plate 222

Cancer gonagra Fasricius, Species Insectorum, 1781, p. 505 (type-locality,
Jamaica; type in Kiel Mus.).

79856—30——36

546 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Eriphia gonagra MitnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 426, pl. 16,
figs. 16 and 17.—Hay and Suors, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16
(1918), p. 439, pl. 35, fig. 6.

Eriphia armata Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., part 1, 1852, p. 248,
atlas, 1855, pl. 14, fig. 6 a—d (type-locality, Rio Negro, Patagonia; type
not extant).

Eriphia laevimana var. smithii Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889,
p. 210 (part), not MacLeay, 1838.

Diagnosis.—Male abdominal appendages of first pair with ex-
tremity gradually tapering and sharp pointed. Carapace roughened
antero-laterally with tubercles each formed of a row
of two or more granules. Frontal lobes (between
antennae) divided each into a broad, transverse,
inner lobe and a very small outer lobule. Tuber-
cles of proximal row on wrist not dissimilar to
remaining tubercles.

Deseription.—Carapace of moderate width, regions
clearly marked on anterior two-thirds; postorbital
grooves very deep; a transverse broken granulated
line in front of epigastric lobes, another similar line

across protogastric and hepatic lobes; a line of tu-
is, (scons oe bercles parallel to antero-lateral margins; these last
FIRST PAIR OF ABDoMI- armed with five or six spiniform teeth behind the
NAL APPENPAGES, X3_ orbital tooth. Front wide, deflexed, and divided
into four lobes; the two median wider and more advanced than the
lateral, truncate, with a finely granulated border; lateral lobes very
small, close to the median pair. The so-called outer frontal lobe
which lies alongside the inner suborbital tooth, pertains to the upper
orbital border. Inner orbital suture very sinuous; below it a line of
large tubercles.

Chelipeds strong, swollen, unequal. Hand covered with large,
round, flattened, squamiform tubercles, more elevated on the small
hand than on the large; the major dactylus has a large rounded tooth
at its base. Wrist covered with less prominent tubercles. Legs
clothed with fine, stiff hairs on the last three articles.

Color of 'Tortugas specimens (Schmitt)—Carapace brownish green,
marked along areolations and on anterior rugae with a warmer
bluish brown; anterior spines, edge of orbits and of front touched
with yellow. Under parts whitish suffused with pink, becoming
yellowish posteriorly and on abdomen, and bluish anteriorly and
laterally; maxillipeds purplish. Antennules claret color as is ridge
of epistome between efferent branchial openings. Fingers and
tubercles (upper four or five rows) of manus and carpus deep purplish
brown, becoming grape juice color on anterior inner portion and
lower edge of palm. Ground color of manus, carpus and merus light
bluish purple, more or less suffused with yellow on inner portion.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 547

Extreme tips of fingers ight yellowish followed by a narrow, not
prominent, reddish brown band; a similar band about bases of fingers.
Ambulatory legs yellowish along upper edge, becoming light pinkish
purple to bluish white on anterior and posterior sides and beneath,
each article marked on middle of upper edge with a patch of reticu-
lating lines of grape juice color, the patches extending part way
down anterior and posterior sides. Two smaller patches, more or
less incomspicuous occur on the meri.®

Measurements—Male (22016), total length of carapace 30.5,
width of same 43.8, fronto-orbital width 33.4, width of front 11.6 mm.

Range.—North Carolina to Patagonia (Dana); Bermudas.

Material examined.—

NORTH CAROLINA.—Shackleford Bank: On the jetties; Au-
gust, 1915; Fish Hawk; 5 specimens (51066). Inside; washed from
seaweed; September 12, 1928; Schmitt and Shoemaker; 1 young
female (62513).

FLORIDA.—Indian Key; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 4 females (14987).

Key Vaccas; H. Hemphill; 1 male (14985).

Big Pine Key; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 1 female (14986).

Key West: H. Hemphill; 3 males, 3 females (9271). Maynard,
collector; 8 males, 6 females (2 ovigerous) (56810, 56811, 57009);
from Boston Society of Natural History. Off east Martello Tower;
July 14, 1924; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (59422); gift of Carnegie
Institution.

Tortugas; P. Bartsch: Loggerhead Key; June 1, 1916; 1 female
(56364). Bush Key; June, 1921; 1 male, 1 female (57127).

Tortugas; W. L. Schmitt; gift of Carnegie Institution: Loggerhead
Key; rocks on east side; July 28, 1924; 3 males, 1 ovigerous female
(59421). Bird Key Reef: North end, ‘‘Channel reef,” August 12,
1924, 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (59426); south end, August 13, 1924,
3 males, 1 female (59423); July 26, 1924, Bender collector, 2 females
(60869). June 2, 1925, 1 male (60867); stations 25 and 26, June 7,
1925, 1 male, 3 females (1 ovigerous) (60866). Long Key beach;
east side; August 5, 1924; 1 female (59420). Bush Key Reef: Mid-
section, August 1, 1924, 6 males, 8 females (1 ovigerous) (59425);
northern section, August 2, 1924, 1 male (59424).

Tortugas; Bush Key Reef; July 16, 1926; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 male,
1 female (60864); gift of Carnegie Institution.

BAHAMAS.—Doctor Bryant; 1 male, 1 female (56813), from
Boston Society of Natural History. Green Turtle Cay; E. A.
Andrews; 1 male, 3 females (20712). Biological Expedition of State
University of Iowa: Harbor Island, July 8, 1 male (Mus. 8.U.L.);
Spanish Wells, July 12, 1 male, 1 female (Mus. S.U.I.). Andros

6 For color, see also Rathbun, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, p. 141; and Hay and Shore, But’.
Bur Fisheries, vol. 25, 1915-16 (1918). p. 439.

548 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Banks, in sponges, Frederick Stearns; specimens returned to sender.
Andros Island; 1912; Paul Bartsch: East side, near lighthouse south
of South Bight, May 14, 1 male, 2 females (45548). Smith’s place,
south side of east end of South Bight, Long Bay Key District, May 5,
2 males, 1 female (45547).

CUBA.—Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; May 22, 1914;
Henderson and Bartsch; station 11, Tomas Barrera Expedition; 1
male (48560), 1 ovigerous female (48555).

Bahia Honda; June 7, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas
Barrera Expedition; 1 male, 1 female (48565).

Marianao Playa; C. F. Baker; 1 male (31890).

Cardenas; 1923; Dr. Francisco R. Sosa; 1 male, 1 female (58388),
1 specimen (59374).

JAMAICA.—Jamaica; 1 male, type (Kiel Mus.).

Montego Bay; P. W. Jarvis; 2 males (19068). Small brackish pond

near shore; June 23, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 male (42930). 1910;

E. A. Andrews: Coral reef near Bogue Islands, June 21, 1 male, 2
females (42925); rocks in front of Sea View, August 30, 9 males, 2
females (1 ovigerous) (43052).

Umbrella Point; July 14, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (42924).

Rocks on Hale shore; September 2, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 ovigerous
female (42923).

Port Royal Cays; P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to sender.

Robins Bay; January 31, 1928; C. R. Orcutt; 1 young (61344).

Jack’s Bay; February 15, 1928; C. R. Orcutt; 1 female, 2 young
(62515).

SAN DOMINGO.—1878; W. M. Gabb, 23 males, 19 females, 1
young (3197).

PORTO RICO.—1899; Fish Hawk: Mayaguez; on coral reef;
January 23; 1 young female (24306). Boqueron Bay; January 28;
1 male (24307). Ponce; January 31; 2 males (24270). Reefs at
Ponce; January 30; 1 male, 2 females (24308). Playa de Ponce
Reef; February 1; 1 male (24273). Hucares; February 13; 1 male
(24310). Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island; February 9; 1 female
(24309). Caballo Blanco Reef, Vieques Island; February 7; 2 males,
3 females (24267).

VIRGIN ISLANDS.—St. Thomas; Riise collector; specimens in
Copenhagen Mus.

St. John; Orsted collector; specimens in Copenhagen Mus.

St. Croix Island; Orsted collector; specimens in Copenhagen Mus.

ANTIGUA.—Pillars of Hercules, English Harbor; 1918; Barbados-
Antigua Expedition, State University of Iowa; 1 young (Mus. 8.U.L.).

BARBADOS.—May 8, 1890; U. S. Eclipse Expedition to Africa,
W. H. Brown; 1 female (14884). 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedi-
tion, State University of Iowa: 1 male, 3 females (Mus. S.U.I.).

heer

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 549

Bathsheba; 2 males (57998), 1 male (Mus. 8.U.I.). Needham Point;
3 females (1 ovigerous) (Mus. S.U.I.). Pelican Island; tide pool;
May 11; 1 female, 1 young (57999).

Rock pool at Bathsheba; February 22, 1924; Gerrit S. Miller; 1
female (62514).

TRINIDAD.—February, 1878; Crosby collector; 2 males, 3 females
(56812); from Boston Society of Natural History.

ARUBA, D.W.I.—Playa; July, 1905; 1 female (Leiden Mus.).

COLOMBIA.—Sabanilla; Albatross; 3 males, 6 females, 2 young
CL7TES)§

Cartagena; Colegio de San Pedro Apostal; 1 young (53409).

PANAMA.—Colon (Aspinwall): C. F. Winslow; 1 male (56814),
from Boston Society of Natural History. Meek and Hildebrand,
Smithsonian Biological Survey: Coral reef, May 2, 1911, 1 male
(44179), 1 female (Field Mus.). Tide pools, March 13, 1912, 1 male
(59296).

BRAZIL.—State of Parahyba: Mamanguape stone reef; June 23,
1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 male (25741).

State of Pernambuco: 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expe-
dition: Rio Goyanna stone reef, 7 males, 2 females (Stanford Univ.) ;
Pernambuco stone reef, July 7, 3 males, 2 females (25742); Boa Viagem
stone reef, July 6, 1 female, soft shell (25743). 1876-1877; R. Rath-
bun, Hartt Explorations: Pernambuco, 1 male, 1 female (40572);
Santo Aleixo, 2 young (40596); Rio Formoso, 2 males, 1 female
(40595).

State of Alagoas: Maceio coral reef; July 25, 1899; A. W. Greeley,
Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 8 males, 3 females (25744).

State of Bahia: Bahia; December 23, 1877; Albatross; 1 female
(22017). Abrolhos Islands; December 27-28, 1887; 25 specimens
(22016). 1876-1877, R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations: Plataforma,
1 young (40592), 2 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous) (40594), 1 male, 1
female (40593). Rio Vermelho, February 6, fragments (19967).
Abrolhos Islands, 1 male (40573).

State of Rio de Janeiro: Nictheroy, Bay of Rio de Janeiro; July 20,
1915; J. N. Rose; 1 female (48302); gift of Carnegie Institution.

State of Sao Paulo: Villa Bella, Ilha Sao Sebastiaéo; October,
1925; H. Luederwaldt collector; W. L. Schmitt; 1 male (60870).
Iguape; 1902; R. Kroner; 1 male (47840); gift of H. von Ihering.

State of Santa Catharina: Sao Francisco; 1925; W. L. Schmitt:
October 28 and 29, 3 males, 1 ovigerous female (60868). October
30, 1 male, 2 females (1 ovigerous) (60865).

BERMUDA.—Hungry Bay; July-September; F. G. Gosling; 1
female (25443).

550 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

ERIPHIA SQUAMATA Stimpson
Plate 223; Plate 224, Figure 1

Eriphia squamata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 56:
[10] (type-locality, Mazatlan; type not extant)—A. Mi~tne Epwarps,
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 339, pl. 56, figs. 3-3e—RatTuHBuN, Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 544, pl. 41, fig. 1.

Eriphia laevimana var. smithii Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889,
p. 210 (part), not MacLeay, 1838.

Diagnosis.—Like gonagra, but with the tubercles of the palms
larger, rounder and closer together and ciliated on the margin. Male
abdominal appendages of first pair with thickened blunt tips.

Measurements.—Male (6698), total length of carapace 36.6, width
of same 51.3, fronto-orbital width 37.3, width of front 12.2 mm.

Range.—Mexico to Chile (A. Milne Edwards).

Material eramined.—

MEXICO.—Magdalena Bay, Lower California:
1917; C. R. Orcutt; 4 males, 3 females (50629).
Shore; Hanna and Jordan, California Acad. Sci.; 1
male, soft shell; returned.

La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding; 1 male,
3 females (4625). January 14, 1921; A. L. Herrera;
1 female (61140). La Paz Harbor; March 12, 1889;
Albatross; 2 males, 2 females (17411).

Pichilinque Bay; Albatross: April 29, 1888; 1
female (22018). March 27,1911; 2 males, 3 females
(2 ovigerous) (50480).

Tea a. Apa Velde Day, Api TPO, Zed Gee, tae

QUAMATA, MALE

(50629), FIRST PAIR OF male, 1 female (50481).
ea APEENDA~ Bocochibampo Bay; 1922; C. R. ‘Orcutt; 2° che-
lipeds (57062), 2 chelipeds (57058).

Mazatlan; 1911; Albatross; 1 propodus of cheliped (53348).

Maria Mapdiiona Id.; Hanna and Jordan, California Acad. Sci.;
1 male (62699).

Santa Isabel Id., Tepic Territory; among iti Seal Secretaria de
Agricultura y Fomento; 1 male (61033).

NICARAGUA.—Corinto; J. A. McNiel; specimens in M.C.Z.

COSTA RICA.—Punta Arenas (Pacific side) ; in the rocks; January,
1907; P. Biolley collector; 1 female (39090); from J. Fid. Tristan.

PANAMA.—Capt. J.M. Dow; 1 male (3268). H.A.Ward; 1 male, I
female (17787). PanamaCity; December 16, 1913: J.Zetek; 1 male
(48797).

1912; Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey:
Balboa, Canal Zone: tide pool, February 8, 1 male (Field Mus.);
February 7, 3° males, 1 female (59299); February 9, 1 ovigerous
female (59297). Rio de Panama, tide pools, March 21, 1 female
(59300). Panama Bay: February 19, 1 male (59298); island at end

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 551

of breakwater, February 5, 1 male (Field Mus.). Panama, March 23,
1 male, 3 females (Field Mus.).

Taboguilla Island, Bay of Panama; between tide marks; October
31, 1899; Albatross; 1 female (33281), 1 female (M.C.Z.).

ECUADOR.—South side Point Santa Elena; 1926; W. L. Schmitt:
On neck; September 16; 1 male (60872). September 17; 2 males,
1 young female (60729).

Salinas; 1926; W. L. Schmitt: September 12-14; 14 males, 25
females (4 ovigerous, 1 soft shell, 1 shedding), 1 young (60730).
Under rocks; September 15; 1 female (60872).

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.—Chatham Island; April 16-17, 1884;
Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 1 male (17783).

PERU.—Las Vacas, near Capon; beach; January 23, 1908; R. E.
Coker; 1 female (40424); gift of Peruvian Government.

ERIPHIA GRANULOSA A. Milne Edwards
Plate 224, Figures 2—4

Eriphia granulosa A. Mitnge Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 339. pl.
56, fig. 2-2b (type-locality, Chile (?); type in Paris Mus.).

Diagnosis.—Carapace covered with single granules, coarser in
front half. Frontal lobes (between antennae) undivided, smooth and
convex, edge arcuate. Tubercles of proximal row on wrist longi-
tudinally elongate. Male abdominal appendages of first pair stout.

Description.—Carapace narrower and flatter than in the two pre-
ceding species; front less deflexed. Regions well
defined, the hepatic plainly circumscribed.
Dorsal surface all over granulate, the granules
coarser on the gastric, hepatic, and anterior half
of branchial region; scattered tufts of hair.
Antero-lateral border armed with five small,
spiniform teeth (not counting orbital angle).
Median emargination of front acutely pointed;
lobe on either side smooth, surface convex, edge
entire. The so-called outer lobe of the front
really represents the inner supra-orbital angle; Ficure 85—Enrema cRanv-
it is lobiform, smooth, and bent down to the 1084) MALE (25667), aBDoM-

; E INAL APPENDAGES, X 10
smaller inferior orbital lobe; upper border finely
granulate, a spine at outer angle; lower margin smooth. Jugal region
smooth below inner orbital suture.

Carpus and manus of chelipeds covered with large rounded tuber-
cles, each with a marginal fringe of short hair; on the carpus the
tubercles are arranged in transverse rows, those of each row confluent
proximally; on the row nearest the manus the tubercles are almost
obliterated and form a scalloped edge. The tubercles of the manus
are round or approximately so, except the row bordering the carpus

902 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

which are longitudinally oblong. Legs slender, edged with long,
fine hairs.

Color.—Red purple. (A. Milne Edwards.)

Measurements.—Female (25667), total length of carapace 9.2,
width of same 12.6, fronto-orbital width 11.4, width of front (between
antennae) 3.8 mm.

Range.—Cocos Island, off Panama (Boone); Galapagos Islands;
Chile (?).

Material exramined.—

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.—Albemarle Island: Reef north of
Tagus Hill, Tagus Cove; March 16, 1899; Stanford University;
1 male, 1 female, 1 young (25667).

Eden Island, off Indefatigable Island; rock pools; April 6, 1923;
Williams Galapagos Expedition; 1 young (57730); gift of New York
Zoological Society.

Chatham Island; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. Navy; 1 ovigerous female
(15378).

CHILE.—Chile (?);*" 1 female, holotype (Paris Mus.).

Remarks.—Very distinct from, and not to be confused with, the
gonagra-squamata type. In granulosa the lobes of the front and inner
orbit, both above and below, have smooth convex surfaces which
is not the case in gonagra and squamata. The granules of the gastric
region in granulosa are single, not combined in rows, and the arrange-
ment of tubercles on wrist and hand is distinctive.

Genus ERIPHIDES Rathbun

Pseudertphia A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 340; type, P. hispida
(Stimpson). Not Pseuderiphia Reuss, 1859, a genus of fossil crabs.

Eriphides RatuxBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164; substi-
tuted for Pseuderiphia preoccupied.

Carapace strongly narrowed behind; regions faintly marked. Front
between orbits very wide; outer antennae very remote from orbits.
A deep suborbital hiatus. Buccal cavity a little narrowed anteriorly;
margin of outer maxillipeds with a sinus on anterior border. Sternal
plastron narrow and flat. Chelipeds unequal; fingers of minor chela
ending inaspoon. Ambulatory legs with short, stout dactyls, ending
in strongly hooked nails. Carapace, chelipeds and legs covered with
short bristly hairs.

Contains only one species.

ERIPHIDES HISPIDA (Stimpson)
Plates 225 and 226

Eriphia hispida Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 218
[90] (type-locality, west coast of Central America; type not extant).

Pseuderiphia hispida A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 340, pl. 56,
figs. 1—Ic.

57 On the label in the Paris Museum, “Chili’’ is followed by an interrogation point.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 553

EHriphides hispida RatHBUN, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 282.—
Boone, Zoologica, vol. 8, 1927, p. 237, text-fig. 87 A (not 87 B, which is
a Pilumnus).

Diagnosis —Covered with black setae. Carapace and chelipeds
very rough with subacute tubercles. Front between orbits extremely
wide.

Description.—Carapace depressed except anteriorly where it rounds
downward; a deep median sulcus in front of mesogastric region. Sur-
face rough with squamiform tubercles, larger anteriorly than poster-
iorly; stiff black setae proceed chiefly from the tubercles. Frontal
margin between orbits armed with numerous short, obtuse spines.
Antero-lateral margins with 7 to 9 spiniform teeth, often themselves
denticulate. Orbits further from antennae than in the genus Eriphia.
Below outer angle of orbit a deep emargination, deeper than wide.

Chelipeds tuberculate or granulate above and outside, and hands
inside. Fingers of major chela rounded, blunt; those of minor chela
broader, hollowed out in a long spoon, edge mostly thin. Legs very
broad, compressed, non-granulate; upper border of meri thin and
crenulated.

Color.—Purplish brown. (A. Milne Edwards.)

Measurements.—Female (22019), total length of carapace 47.3,
width of same 62.6, fronto-orbital width 44.6, width between orbits
32.8, width of front between antennae 15.2 mm.

Range.—West coast of Costa Rica; Panama (A. Milne Edwards);
Galapagos Islands.

Material eramined.—

COSTA RICA.—Pejfién de Tivives*near Boca Jesis Maria; J. F.
Tristan; specimen returned to sender.

GALAPAGOS ISLAN DS.—Albemarle Island; April 10, 1888; Alba-
tross; 2 females (22019).

Dunean Island; April, 1888; Albatross; 1 female (40631).

Eden Island, off Indefatigable Island; 1923; Williams Galapagos
Expedition; 1 female; gift of New York Zoological Society.

Genus DOMECIA Eydoux and Souleyet

Domecia Eypowx and SoutByet, Voy. Bonite, I, Crust., 1842, p. 234; type, D.
hispida Eydoux and Souleyet—A Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex.,
1880, p. 345.

Domaecius Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 128; U. S. Expl.
Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 230.

Domaecia Dana, U. 8S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 251.

Domoecia A. MitnE Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 9, 1873,
p. 2638.

Neleus DESBONNE and Scuramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 35; type, N.
acanthophorus Desbonne and Scramm=D. hispida Eydoux and Souleyet.

Eupilumnus Kinestny (not Kossmann), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
vol. 31, 1879 (1880), p. 397; type, H. webstert Kingsley =D. hispida Eydoux
and Souleyet.

9094 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Carapace somewhat transversely oval, but much contracted poste-
‘iorly, flat, somewhat hairy, with no trace of regions. Fronto-orbital
yorder not much less than greatest breadth of carapace. Front
srofusely spinate, the spines being sharp and a little curved. The
ntero-lateral borders pass backward with but little outward slope,
. little shorter than the concave and, convergent postero-lateral
yorders, and armed with a number of sharp curved spines. The
bits are at antero-lateral angles of carapace and do not conceal the
yes; their edge shows no fissures nor sutures; their upper and lower
nner angles are broadly in contact, or almost in contact, so as to
xclude the antennae. The antennules fold nearly transversely.
The basal antennal article hardly reaches the front, though its outer
ingle is produced toward front; the flagellum is short, hardly as
ong as orbit. Buccal cavern broad; crests of endostome not very
trong, nor is the foliaceous process of first maxillipeds produced
ar forward; external maxillipeds very long, merus remarkably broad
ind short. Chelipeds somewhat unequal, short, and not very
nassive; arm almost entirely hidden by carapace; fingers compressed,
yointed. Legs stout, especially meropodites. The abdomen of the
nale has all seven segments distinct and separate.

Both sides of tropical America; Indo-Pacific region.

DOMECIA HISPIDA Eydoux and Souleyet
Plate 227

Domécie hérissée Eypoux and SouLEYET, Voy. Bonite, 1841 (?), pl. 2, figs. 5 to 10.

Domecia hispida Eypoux and SouLnret, Voy. Bonite, vol. 1, Crust., 1842, p. 235
(type-locality, Sandwich Islands; type in Paris Mus.).—A. M1LnE Epwarps,
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 345, pl. 58, figs. 2-2d—Vzerrritu, Trans.
Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 364, text-fig. 21.

Veleus acanthophorus DESBONNE and ScHramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 35
(type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not extant).

Pilumnus melanacanthus KinGsLEY, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879,
p. 156 (type-locality, Key West; cotypes in Mus. Comp. Zoél.).

Hupilumnus webstert KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 31, 1879 (1880),
p. 397, pl. 14, fig. 3 (type-locality, Key West; type not located).

Diagnosis—Carapace much narrowed behind. Carapace and
shelipeds armed with black spines. Merus of outer maxillipeds very
short. Fingers compressed and pointed.

Description.—Carapace covered with light-colored hairs; antero-
ateral border with four to six (including orbital angle) acute dark-
‘ipped spines, and several similar spines on carapace just inside
untero-lateral border, and also just inside spiny fronto-orbital border.
Upper orbital margin and prominent edge of the epistome finely den-
‘iculate; lower orbital margin spinous. Merus of external maxillipeds
xtremely broad and short, with an elevated patch of denticles on
suter surface. Chelipeds unequal; arm, wrist, hand, and dactylus

as

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 555

studded with acute spines above. Legs stout, of moderate length;
upper surface of last four articles fringed with hairs, upper edge of
merus spinate, as also, but much less distinctly, is the upper edge of
carpus and propodus.

Color —Light yellowish red, front darker; spines blackish. (Ver-
rill.)

Measurements.—Male (24315), total length of carapace 7, total
width of same 9.5, fronto-orbital width 7.6, width of front between
antennae 3.8 mm.

Habitat—Among sponges and branches of corals and in holes of
dead corals and stones.

Range —From off South Carolina to Brazil; eastern Atlantic,
Indian, and Pacific Oceans to American coast: Gulf of California to
Panama (Verrill).

American material examined.—

SOUTH CAROLINA.—Open ocean off Gulf Stream; lat. 32°+N.,
long. 74°+ W.; June 12, 1903; B. A. Bean; 1 female (31057); gift of
Geographic Society of Baltimore.

BAHAMAS.—From sponges; Frederick Stearns; specimens re-
turned to sender. J. I. Northrop; specimens returned to sender.

FLORIDA.—Rodriguez Creek; 1884; Edward Palmer; 6 males, 7
females (13569).

Key West; A. S. Packard, Jr.; 2 males, 1 female, cotypes of Pilum-
nus melanacanthus (4811, M. C. Z.).

Key West; among corals and algae, low tide; H. Hemphill; 1 male
(14453).

Dry Tortugas; 1884; Edward Palmer; 2 males, 2 females (18044).

Sand Key Light; among sponges and rocks; 1893; Biological Expe-
dition, State University of Iowa; 5 females (Mus. S.U.I.).

WEST INDIES.—Cuba: On reef flat between Cayo Hutia and
Little Cayo, NE. of Light; May 12, 1916; Tomas Barrera Expedition;
1 male, soft shell (48516); from Henderson and Bartsch.

Jamaica: P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to sender. Kingston
Harbor; 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 4 females (18043).

St. Thomas; shore; January 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 5 males, 4
females (18042).

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Mayaguez; on corals; January 21;
11 females, 2 young (24311). Mayaguez; on coral reef; January 23;
5 males, 11 females, 2 young (24312). Porto Real; January 27; 1
female (24313). Playa de Ponce reef; February 1; 1 male (24314).
Off Humacao; Humacao N. % W. 5% miles; 10 fathoms; Co.; tempera-
ture 26° C.; February 14; station 6097; 1 male (24317).

Culebra Island: Ensenada Honda; February 9 and 11, 1899; Fish
Hawk; 4 males, 1 female (24315).

956 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Off Vieques Island: Culebrita Lighthouse, NE. % E., 7% miles; 16
athoms; Co.; temperature 25.2° C.; February 10, 1899; station 6092,
Mish Hawk; 1 male, 1 female (24316).

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, State University of
owa: In corals; May and June; 1 male, 2 females (1 ovigerous), 1
roung (Mus. 8.U.I.), 1 male, 3 ovigerous females, 1 young (57996).
Ykra Reef; May 13; 1 male, 6 females (4 ovigerous) (Mus. S.U.L.).
Needham Point; May 18; 1 male (Mus.8.U.I.). Off Needham Point;
34 fathoms; rky.; 1 male, 4 females (2 ovigerous) (Mus. S.U.I.). W.
»y N. of Pelican Island, 1 miles; 80 fathoms; rky; May 16; 1 young
Mus. S.U.1.).

CURACAO.—Caracas Bay; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: In corals;
April; 5 males, 6 females, 9 young (Amsterdam Mus.). In Mean-
lrina; April 7; 2 males, 1 female (56875).

Spanish Water; in Porites furcata; May 5, 1920; C. J. van der Horst;
| male (Amsterdam Mus.).

BRAZIL.—Maceio coral reef, Alagéas; July 25, 1899; A. W. Gree-
ey, Branner-Agassiz Expedition; 1 female (25745).

Pernambuco; 1876-77; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations: 1 male
19968). Rio Formoso; December, 1875; J. C. Branner collector; 1
emale (19965).

WEST COAST OF MEXICO.—Maria Madre Island; March—
May, 1927; from Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento, Mexico,
hrough A. L. Herrera; 1 male (60728).

Maria Madre Island; E. part of bay; 5-8 meters; May 17, 1925; F.
Jontreras; California Acad. Sci.; 1 ovigerous female; returned.

Genus TRAPEZIA Latreille

Trapezia LATREILLE, Encye. Méth., vol. 10, 1825, p. 695; type, 7’. dentifrons

Latreille, 1825,=T7'. cymodoce (Herbst, 1801).
frapsillus MacLeay, in Andrew Smith, Hl. Zool. 8. Africa, Annulosa, 1838,
p. 67; type, G. maculatus MacLeay = Trapezia cymodoce maculata (MacLeay).-
Carapace approaching the quadrilateral, little convex, not much
sroader than long, smooth and without trace of regions. Antero-
ateral borders much shorter than postero-lateral, running backwards
almost straight and parallel with each other or curved outward and
uway from each other, not therefore meeting the convex curved and
sonvergent postero-lateral borders at any angle. Fronto-orbital
porder extremely broad, about as extensive as greatest breadth of
sarapace. Front broad, horizontal, lamellar, separated from supra-
wrbital angle by a notch; eut into two lobes of which both inner and
yuter angles are pronounced, so that with the supraorbital angle the
‘ront usually appears 6-toothed. Orbits large, cut out of antero-
ateral angles of carapace; their dentiform upper and lower inner
ingles broadly in contact, so that the antennae are widely excluded;
margins without fissures or sutures. The antennules fold nearly trans-

—

- ——E

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 557

versely. Basal article of antennae slender and very short, not nearly
reaching front; flagellum very long, much longer than major diameter
of orbit. Crests of endostome well developed, the expiratory canals
closed in below by the foliaceous process of the first maxillipeds; ante-
rior edge of merus of slender external maxillipeds not notched.

Chelipeds long, very massive, not very unequal in either sex; the
arm usually projects a long way beyond carapace, its anterior edge
sharp, crest-like, serrate; the fingers have usually a thin and sharp
cutting edge, best marked on the immobile finger. Legs stout, of
moderate length. Third to fifth segments of male abdomen fused.
(After Alcock.)

Red Sea, Indo-Pacific region and west American continent and
islands from Cape St. Lucas to Galapagos Islands.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE GENUS TRAPEZIA

A‘. Carapace widest at middle in full grown.
B'. Front not prominent, lobes shallow. Lateral projection of carapace a
ECOG) EY OE BOE AT NE De Ba 82 cymodoce ferruginea, p. 557.
B?. Front prominent, lobes strongly marked. Lateral projection a spine.
Carapace covered with small red spots__.cymodoce maculata, p. 558.
A®. Carapace not widening from orbits backward. Front finely denticulate.
Lateral projection absent or insignificant______._______- digitalis, p. 559.

TRAPEZIA CYMODOCE FERRUGINEA Latreille
Plate 228, Figures 1 and 2

Trapezia ferruginea LATREILLE, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., vol. 10, 1825,
p. 695 (type-locality, Red Sea; type not in Paris Mus.).—Atucock, Journ.
Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 67, 1898, p. 220.

? Trapezia cymodoce S. I. Smiru, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869,
p. 287; Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,
vol. 18, 1895, p. 22; Acapulco.

Grapsillus ferrugineus RATHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1903, part 3, 1906,
p. 865.

Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea RatHBun, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907,
p. 58.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins diverging backward in the full
grown; lateral projection a tooth or not very spiniform. Front not
prominent, lobes shallow.

Description —Front not very prominent, but advanced beyond the
inner supra-orbital angle, and cut into two shallow lobes, each of which
has the inner angle dentiform and the outer angle rounded. Tooth
at lower inner angle of orbit not very sharp; outer angle acute but
scarcely spiniform; Jateral epibranchial tooth short and not very spini-
form. Upper border of palm subacute; outer surface smooth, bare and
polished.

Typical cymodoce has the front and all the marginal teeth and spines
more prominent than in the subspecies ferruginea, the upper and lower

558 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

edges of palms sharp, the upper part of the outer surface covered with
silky wool. There are gradations between these two forms.®

Color.—Orange; fingers grayish or brownish yellow; short spines at
extremity of ambulatory dactyls brownish yellow. (Dana.)

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (33337), length of carapace 12.2,
width of same 15.1, fronto-orbital width 12.6, width of front between
antennae 5.5 mm.

Range.—From Clarion Islands and Acapulco, Mexico, to Panama
and Galapagos Islands (Boone); Red Sea to Indo-Pacific region.

American material examined-—

MEXICO.—Clarion Island; March 4, 1889; Albatross; 7 males, 5
females (17416).

Acapulco; April 18, 1891; Albatross; 1 female (20617).

California Academy of Sciences; 1925:

Maria Madre Island: E. part of bay; 5-8 meters; May 17, 1925;
KF. Contreras; 11 males, 21 females (62708); 29 males, 21 females,
returned. Hanna and Jordan; 4-10 fathoms; 1 male, 1 female,
returned; 1 female (62694).

Socorro Island; 2 ovigerous females: 1 returned; 1 (62695).

Clarion Island; shore; 1 male, returned.

PANAMA.—Panama; Henry A. Ward; 1 female (17302).

Taboga Island; among corals; June, 1924; EK. Deichmann; 1 oviger-

ous female (60830).

Taboguilla Island; from coral, low tide, 1 fathom; October 31, 1904;
Albatross; 3 males, 7 females (83337).

Pearl Islands; F. H. Bradley; specimens in M.C.Z.

TRAPEZIA CYMODOCE MACULATA (MacLeay)
Plate 228, Figures 3 and 4

Grapsillus maculatus MacLeEay, in Andrew Smith, Il. Zool. 8. Africa, Annulosa,
1838, p. 67 (type-locality, South Africa, type probably not extant).

Trapezia maculata Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 265;
atlas, 1855, p. 15, figs. 4a-d.—Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York,
vol. 7, 1860, p. 219 [91].

Trapezia rufopunctata A. MitnE Epwarops (not Herbst), Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880,
p. 342.

Trapezia ferruginea maculata ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 206.

Diagnosis.—Covered with small red spots. Antero-lateral mar-
xins diverging backward in the full grown; lateral projection a spine.
Front prominent, lobes strongly marked.

58 Latreille described T. ferruginea as having the upper edge of the palm sharp. Concerning the specimens
in the Paris Museum, Professor Bouvier wrote as follows:

“De Trapezia ferruginea caracterisée par ‘la tranche supérieure des mains aigués’ i] n’en trouve pas dans
notre collection. Mais en comparant les assez nombreux exemplaires qui s’y trouvent j’ai pu remarquer
quw’il y a des différences trés sensible dans cette tranche, chez les divers spécimens. Dans les uns le bout
supérieur est franchement arrondi et ne mérite pas le nom de ‘tranche’; dans d@’autres il est étroit, bien
distinct, et forme 4 vrai dire une tranche, mais une tranche 4 peine saillante et jamais aigué. Entre les
deux extrémes que je vous ai signalé, i] me parait y avoir tous les intermediaires.’’

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 559

Description.—Front prominent, well advanced beyond the rounded,
inner supra-orbital angle, cut into two well marked lobes, each of
which has the inner angle dentiform and outer angle rounded. Tooth
at lower inner angle of orbit with spiniform tip turned inward; outer
angle of orbit acute. Lateral epibranchial angle marked with a
sharp spine. Upper border of palm blunt, lower border acute; outer
surface covered with a short down easily rubbed off.

Color —A grayish or reddish yellow spotted above and below rather
coarsely with small, rounded, deep-red spots. (Dana.)

Measurements —Male (29486), total length of carapace 12, width
of same 13.5, fronto-orbital width 12.4, interorbital width 7.3, width
of front between antennae 5.5 mm.

Range—From the Red Sea eastward through the Indo-Pacific
region to the Hawaiian Islands and the west coast of Mexico (Stimp-
son).

Material examined—No American material has been seen by the
writer. The subspecies was reported by Stimpson from Socorro
Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, Mexico.

TRAPEZIA DIGITALIS Latreille
Plate 228, Figures 5 and 6

Trapezia digitalis LATREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., vol. 10, 1825,
p. 696 (type-locality, Red Sea; type not extant).

Trapezia corallina GeRsTancKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856 (1857),
p. 126 (type-locality, Veragua; type in Berlin Mus.).

Trapezia nigro-fusca Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860,
p. 219 [91] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).

Trapezia formosa Situ, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 286 (type-
locality, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama; cotypes in M.C.Z.).—A. MILNE
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 343, pl. 58, fig. 1-16.

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins parallel; lateral projection lack-
ing or a slight tooth in the full grown. Front finely denticulate,
lobes obscure.

Description —Surface smooth and burnished. Carapace with a
much broader look than the preceding owing to the somewhat lesser
prominence of the front and the greater convergence of the postero-
lateral borders. Antero-lateral margins subparallel. Front slightly
notched in the middle line and separated from the scarcely denti-
form supra-orbital angles by a shallow notch; it is thus obscurely
divided into two lobes each of which has the free edge finely and
irregularly denticulate. Outer angle of orbit acute and also the
inner angle of the lower margin. Lateral margins either entire or
with a slight notch, but no spine except in the very young.

Chelipeds subequal in both sexes. Arm short, broader than long,
its foliaceous anterior border dentate or crenate; inner angle of wrist
acute; upper border of hand rounded, lower border acute. Legs
smooth, except the dactyls.

560 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Color —Dark brown, either uniform or with darker patches on the
carapace. Inner side of claws and also the fingers lead-color. Legs
light brown tending toward yellowish. (Latreille.) It is probable
that this color description was made from preserved specimens, as
other authors give brighter colors for the species: Gerstaecker says,
body light coral red, fingers black-brown (corallina), while Smith for
formosa gives uniform orange, a little darker above than below, fingers,
brownish.

Measurements—Male (25365), length of carapace 10, fronto-
orbital and greatest width of carapace 12, interorbital width 7.9,
width of front between antennae 6.2 mm.

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to Panama;
Red Sea to Indo-Pacific region.

American material examined.—

MEXICO.—California Academy of Sciences; 1925:

Maria Madre Island: E. part of bay; 5-8 meters; May 17, 1925;
F. Contreras; 3 males, 4 females (62710); 4 males, 4 females, returned.
Hanna and Jordan; 4-10 fathoms; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female,
returned.

Socorro Island; 1 ovigerous female, returned.

Clarion Island; shore; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female, returned; 1
ovigerous female (62709).

PANAMA.—Veragua; 1 male, 1 female (Berlin Mus.; Cat. No.
2259); types of 7. corallina.

Pearl Islands; F. H. Bradley; 1 female (4834, M.C.Z.); cotype of

T. formosa.
Genus QUADRELLA Dana

Quadrella Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 128 (no species men-
tioned); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1852, p. 84; type, Q. coronaia
Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., part 1, 1852, p. 265.

Carapace squarely hexagonal, nearly as long as broad, moderately
convex, perfectly smooth without trace of regions. Antero-lateral
borders straight, sloping slightly outwards and joining the subequal
postero-lateral borders at a very wide but distinct angle marked
usually by a spine. Fronto-orbital border a little less than greatest
width of carapace, interorbital border six spined, front proper cut
into four spines, external to which, on either side is seen the spiniform
internal angle of the lower edge of the orbit projecting beyond the
acute supra-orbital angles. Orbits small, cut out of the antero-
lateral angles of the carapace and not concealing eyes. Antennules
folding almost transversely. Basal antennal article slender, not
nearly reaching front; flagellum slender and long, nearly half the
length of carapace. Crests of endostome distinct, expiratory canals
closed as in Trapezia.

Chelipeds somewhat unequal, massive and long, the whole of the
long arm projecting beyond the carapace. Legs long and slender,

—————————

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 561

the dactyli spined along inner edge. Abdomen of male with third
to fifth segments fused. (After Alcock.)
Indo-Pacific region to the west coast of tropical America.

QUADRELLA NITIDA Smith
Plate 229
Quadrella nitida Smitu, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 288 (type-
locality, Pacheca, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama; types in P. M. Y. U.).—
Ratuegon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 590.
Quadrella coronata OrtTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 210 (part).—
RatuHBoun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 586 and 617.

Diagnosis —One spine on wrist. No spine in old specimens at
lateral angle of carapace. Anterior border of carapace not deeply
cut, so that the spines are shorter than in coronata.

Description —Median sinus deeper than lateral sinuses of front. A
spine at lateral angle of carapace in small specimens but only a slight
angular projection in larger ones. Posterior edge of merus of cheliped
rounded, anterior edge armed with six to eight slender spines. Car-
pus smooth, evenly rounded on outer side and with a single short
spine on the anterior part of the inner side. Hands stout and con-
siderably swollen, especially the larger one, smooth and unarmed,
equalling or exceeding breadth of carapace. Fingers not gaping,
those of larger chela rather stout and strongly incurved, those of
smaller chela longer and more slender. Dactyli of legs pubescent.

Color —Alcoholic specimens light yellowish, fingers tinged with
orange and encircled with a median band of black (Smith). Small
specimens (22021) show the color of fingers extending only three-
fifths of length from tip and ending in an oblique line.

Measurements —Male (22021), total length of carapace 8.9 mm.,
width of same 9.6 mm.; fronto-orbital width 7.6, width of front
between antennae 3.7 mm.; female (22021), total length 6.6 mm.,
width 6.7 mm.

Range.—Lower California, Mexico, to Panama. 6 to 31 fathoms.

Material examined.—

Off Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; lat. 22° 52’ 00’’ N., Jong.
109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 31 fathoms; rky.; temperature 74.1° F.; May 1,’
1888; station 2829, Albatross; 2 males, 2 females (22021). :

Genus MELYBIA Stimpson

Melybia Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 144; type, M. thal-
amita Stimpson.

Carapace rather narrow, subquadrate, slightly convex, regions
faintly marked. Antero-lateral margins very short, with four teeth
or spines, including the orbital. Fronto-orbital width great, about
five-sixths the greatest width of carapace. Front about two-fifths
the width of carapace. Front depressed, bilobed, separated by a
notch from inner orbital angle. Orbits large, Portunid-like, com-

79856—30——37

562 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

pletely filled by the stout eyes; two superior notches in margin, and
a broader notch below on outside. Basal article of antenna narrow,
reaching a process of front and closing the orbital hiatus. Outer
maxillipeds much smaller than buccal cavity; the exognath half the
width of the endognath. Chelipeds unequal, long and strong, the
arm reaching far beyond the carapace; spinulous. Legs long and
narrow, spinulous; dactyli long. Abdomen of male with third to
fifth segments fused.
Contains only one species.

MELYBIA THALAMITA Stimpson

Plate 230

Melybia thalamita Stimpson, Bull. Mus..Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 144 (type-
localities, off French Reef, 15 fathoms, and west of Tortugas, 35-42 fathoms;
cotypes not extant).—A. Mirne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 275.

Melybia forceps A. Mitnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 274, pl. 49,
fig. 1-le (type-locality, Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; type in M. C. Z.).

Diagnosis.—Orbits and eyes large. Outer maxillipeds much smaller
than buccal cavity. Chelipeds large. Legs slender.

Description.—Surface covered with a short, thin pubescence; cara-
pace nearly even, minutely granulate. Median notch of front
large, V-shaped; lobes oblique, margin nearly straight, subentire.
Inner-upper tooth of orbit subtriangular; margin of orbit minutely
crenulated; space between superior notches arcuate; outer point, in
line with lateral margin of carapace, not at all produced. Immedi-
ately behind is the first antero-lateral tooth; teeth spiniform, acu-
minate; first and fourth small, second and third large; the first is
sometimes bifid at tip, and in small specimens is altogether absent.

Merus of chelipeds armed with spines on upper and inner margin.
Carpus spinulous on outer surface; three spines along inner margin,
the middle one the longest, the one nearest the palm a little above
the margin. Manus with a double row of spines above. Fingers
two-thirds as long as palm, heavy, broad,.compressed, grooved;
prehensile edges furnished with shallow teeth; dactyl slightly rough-
ened on its superior carina toward the proximal end. Ambulatory
legs sparsely long-hairy; merus with a row of spines on upper margin
and in the first three pairs one spine near distal end of lower margin.
Dactylus nearly as long as propodus.

Color—In some preserved specimens, the ambulatory legs show
broad transverse bands of dark mottled with light.

Measurements.—Male (7774), total length of carapace 6.9, total
width of same 9.8, fronto-orbital width 8.2, width of front 3.7 mm.

Variation.—Stimpson notes a smooth variety; this is equivalent
to M. forceps A. Milne Edwards.

Range.—Florida Straits to Brazil.

Material examined.—See table page 563.

563

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EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE 1

Figure 1. Pseudocorystes sicarius (after Milne Edwards and Lucas), Valparaiso,
carapace 55 mm. long, dorsal view.

2. Same, outer face of chela and carpus.

3. Same, outer maxilliped.

4. Gomeza serrata (after Dana), Patagonia, 50 fathoms, carapace about
2.7 mm. long, dorsal view.

5. Same, rostrum.

6. Same, antennal and buccal regions.
PLATE 2
Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus, male (32448), carapace 68 mm. wide, ventral view
PuLaTE 3

Figure 1. Ovalipes ocellatus ocellatus, male (32448), carapace 68 mm. wide.
ventral view showing stridulating ridge on carapace.
2. Same, ventral view showing stridulating ridge at base of arm.

PLATE 4

Figure 1. Ovalipes ocellatus guadulpensis, holotype, female, carapace 86 mm.
wide, dorsal view.
2. Ovalipes ocellatus guadulpensis, immature female (17959), ventral
view.
PLATE 5

Ovalipes punctatus, male. Type of Platyonichus purpureus in M.C.Z.
PLATE 6

Ovalipes punctatus, ovigerous female (61020), carapace 91.5 mm. wide, dorsal
view

PLatTr 7

Ficurs 1. Ovalipes punctatus, male (61019), width of carapace 108.6 mm.,
ventral view.
2. Ovalipes punctatus, ovigerous female (61020), width of carapace
91.5 mm., ventral view.

PuLate 8

FicurE 1. Ovalipes punctatus, male (61019), ventral view showing stridulating
ridge on lower margin of chelae, chela 81.4 mm. long.
2. Same, first right ambulatory leg showing horny ridge on distal margin
of merus.
PLATE 9

Bathynectes superba

Figure 1. Male, enlarged, Florida reefs, carapace from behind. After A.
Milne Edwards.
2. Male (11366), width of carapace 55.2 mm., ventral view showing
chela.
3. Chela, outer face. After A. Milne Edwards.
4. Female (18759), width of carapace 65 mm., dorsal view.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 565

PuateE 10

Bathynectes superba, male (11366), width of carapace 55.2, ventral view showing
abdomen

Puate 11

Coenophthalmus tridentatus, male, 39° 02’/7S., 59° 27’ W., carapace 17.6 mm.
wide, dorsal 'view

PuLaTE 12
Coenophthalmus tridentatus, male, 39° 02’ S., 59° 27’ W.

Figure 1. Ventral view showing abdomen.
2. Ventral view showing chelae.

PuatTE 13

Ficgure 1. Portunus (Portunus) ventralis, ovigerous female (53763), carapace
28 mm. wide, ventral view showing right chela.
2. Same, dorsal view.
3. Coenophihalmus tridentatus, male, near Montevideo, chela, outer face,
enlarged.
4. Same specimen, dorsal view.
5. Same, antennal and buccal regions.

Puate 14

Portunus (Portunus) sayt, male (8217), carapace 37 mm. wide

Fieure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 15

Portunus (Portunus) anceps, male (24503), carapace 29.4 mm. wide

FiaureE 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PuaTE 16
Portunus (Portunus) gibbesii, male (11217), carapace 70 mm. wide, dorsal view
PLATE 17
Portunus (Portunus) gibbesii, male (11217), carapace 70 mm. wide

Figurp 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PuatTe 18
Portunus (Portunus) zantusii, male (21782), carapace 56.7 mm. wide

Fiaure 1. Ventral view showing outer surface of chela.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view.

066 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Puate 19
Portunus (Portunus) acuminatus, male (40270), carapace 65 mm. wide

Fraure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PuatTE 20

Fieure 1. Portunus (Portunus) panamensis, female, Panama Bay, carapace about
25 mm. wide, dorsal view.
2. Portunus (Portunus) asper, female (22025), carapace 75 mm. wide,
ventral view showing left chela.
3. Same, dorsal view.
PuLaTE 21

Portunus (Portunus) asper, female cotype in Paris Museum
PLATE 22

Figurr 1. Portunus (Portunus) asper, male (61332), carapace 51.2 mm. wide,
ventral view showing chelae.
2. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.
3. Portunus (Portunus) panamensis, male (22023), 44 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

PLATE 23

Portunus (Portunus) panamensis, male (22023), carapace 44 mm. wide, dorsal
view

PuLatTE 24

Portunus (Portunus) panamensis, male (22023), carapace 44 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen

Prats 25
Portunus (Portunus) vocans

Figure 1. Male (6930), carapace 23.5 mm. wide, ventral view showing chelae.
2. Same, ventral view.
3. Holotype, carapace 43 mm. wide (after A. Milne Edwards), dorsal
surface.
4. Same, ventral surface, showing stridulating ridge.
5. Same, left half of front and orbit, dorsal surface.
6. Same, right half of anterior part, ventral surface.

PLATE 26

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus, male (61277), carapace 85.6 mm. wide, dorsal
view

PLATE 27

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus, male (61277), carapace 85.6 mm. wide, ventral
view showing outer surface of chelae

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 567

PLATE 28

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus, male (61277), carapace 85.6 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen

PLATE 29

Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus, male (20608), carapace 73.5 mm. wide, dorsal
view

PuLaTE 30
Portunus (Achelous) brevimanus, male (20608), carapace 73.5 mm. wide

Fiaure 1. Ventral view showing cheliped.
2. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 31
Poritunus (Achelous) stanfordi, male (22032), carapace 48 mm. wide

Fiaure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 32
Portunus (Achelous) angustus, female holotype, carapace 36.7 mm. wide

FiaurE 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view.
PLATE 33

Portunus (Achelous) ordwayi, male (31048), carapace 48.5 mm. wide

Figure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
38. Ventral view.
PLATE 34

Portunus (Achelous) sebae, male (61249), carapace 87.6 mm. wide, dorsal view
PuatTE 35
Portunus (Achelous) sebae, male (61249), carapace 87.6 mm. wide

Figure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 36
Portunus (Achelous) minimus, male (18206), carapace 28 mm. wide

Freaure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view.
PLATE 37

Portunus (Achelous) pichilinquez, male (60011), carapace 26 mm. wide

Figure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

568 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PLATE 38
Portunus (Achelous) affinis, male (22035), carapace 46 mm. wide, dorsal view
PLATE 39
Portunus (Achelous) affinis, male (22035), left chela 46 mm. long

Figure 1. Outer face of chelae.
2. Ventral view showing abdomen.

Puate 40
Portunus (Achelous) floridanus, male (15043), carapace 20.3 mm. wide

Ficgure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PuaTEe 41
Portunus (Achelous) depressifrons, male (7513), carapace 20.3 mm. wide

Figure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 42

Portunus (Achelous) bahamensis, male (31069), carapace 37.2 mm. wide, dorsal’

view
PuatTE 43
Portunus (Achelous) bahamensis, male (81069), carapace 37.2 mm. wide
Figure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Ventral view showing abdomen.
PiLatTE 44
Portunus (Achelous) tuberculatus

Ficure 1. Male (22040), carapace 36 mm. wide, dorsal view.

. Same, ventral view showing chelae.

. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

Male, Cape St. Lucas, enlarged, dorsal view. After A. Milne Edwards:
Same, abdomen.

ork oo

PLATE 45
Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus, male (61256), carapace 57.7 mm. wide

Figure 1. Ventral view showing outer surface of chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 46

Poritunus (Achelous) iridescens

Fiaure 1. Female type (17445), carapace 34.5 mm. wide, ventral view showing:

chelae.
2. Same, dorsal view.
3. Male (17434), carapace 51.5 mm. wide, dorsal view.
4. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

i Tt TT ~

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 569

PuatE 47
Callinectes sapidus, male (61058), carapace 138 mm. wide, dorsal view
Puate 48
Callinectes sapidus acutidens, male, type in M.C.Z., dorsal view
PLATE 49

Callinectes bellicosus, male, dorsal view

Puate 50

Callinectes ornatus, cotype, Cat. No. 5137, M.C.Z., dorsal view

Puate 51

Callinectes danae, male, cotype, Pernambuco, Cat. No. 5143, M.C.Z., dorsal view

Puate 52

Callinectes arcuatus, male, cotype, Cape St. Lucas, Cat. No. 16833, U.S.N.M.,
dorsal view

PuatE 53

Callinectes marginatus, male, cotype of C. larvatus, Bahamas, Cat. No. 5152,
M.C.Z., dorsal view

PuaTE 54
Callinectes toxotes, male, cotype, Cape St. Lucas, Cat. No. 5183, M.C.Z., dorsal
view
PuatTe 55

Callinectes bocourti, male, dorsal view. After M. J. Rathbun

PuatE 56

-Callinectes exasperatus, cotype of C. tumidus, Gonaives, Haiti, Cat. No. 5162,
M.C.Z., dorsal view

PuaTE 57
After A. Milne Edwards
Lupella forceps, Haiti, male, carapace 67 mm. wide

Fiaguret 1. Dorsal view.
2. Antennal regions, enlarged.
3. Facial region, showing outer maxillipeds advanced as far as front.
4. Sternal plastron, after removal of abdomen, showing median suture.
5. Abdomen
Lupella forceps, female.
. Chela, inner view.
. Same, outer view.

ID

570 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PuateE 58

Figure 1. Arenaeus mexicanus, male, dorsal view. After A. Milne Edwards.
2. Arenaeus cribrarius, male (42451), carapace 107 mm. wide, ventral
view showing outer surface of chelae.
3. Arenaeus cribrarius, male (4508), carapace 109 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

PuatE 59

Arenaeus cribrarius, male (42851), carapace 107.6 mm. wide, dorsal view

PLaTE 60

Arenaeus cribrarius, male (42851), carapace 107.6 mm. wide, ventral view

PuatE 61
Arenaeus mexicanus, male (60975), carapace 87.5 mm. wide

Fiaure 1. Front view showing chelipeds.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view.
PuatTE 62

Cronius ruber, male (48801), carapace 74 mm. wide, dorsal view
PLATE 63
Cronius ruber, male (48801), carapace 74 mm. wide

Ficure 1. Ventral view showing outer surface of chelae.
2. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PuLatTE 64
Cronius tumidulus, male (14053), carapace 3i mm. wide

Fiegure 1. Ventral view showing chelae.
2. Dorsal view.
3. Ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 65
After A. Milne Edwards

Figure 1. Euphylax dovii, west coast of America, carapace 59 mm. wide, dorsal
view.
2. Same, fronto-orbital region, anterior view.
3. Same, chela, outer side.

After Stimpson

4. Huphylax dovii, west coast of Central America, frontal region, fronto-
orbital distance 57 mm.
5. Same, outer maxilliped.

PLATE 66
After A. Milne Edwards

Euphylaz robustus, Mazatlan, female, carapace 94 mm. wide, dorsal view

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 571

PuatTE 67
Euphylax robustus, Mazatlan, male, carapace, 94 mm. wide

Figure 1. Fronto-orbital region, anterior view.
2. Antennal and buccal regions.
8. Chela, outer side.

4. Abdomen.
PLATE 68
Erimacrus isenbeckii, male (15345), carapace 73 mm. wide, ventral view for
abdomen
PuaTE 69
After Dana

Figure 1. Peltarion spinulosum, S. Patagonia, carapace 43 mm. long, dorsal
view.
2. Same, abdomen of male.
3. Peltarion dextrum, male holotype, carapace 42.4 mm. long, ventral
view.
PuatTE 70

Trachycarcinus spinulifer, male holotype, carapace 33.8 mm. wide, dorsal view
PLATE 71
Trachycarcinus spinulifer, male holotype, carapace 33.8 mm. wide, ventral view
PLATE 72
Trachycarcinus corallinus. After Bamet

Figure 1. Male denuded, station 3356, enlarged.

. Abdomen of male, enlarged.

. Minor cheliped of male, enlarged.

. Male, station 3418, Albatross, enlarged.

Abdomen of ovigerous female, station 3356, enlarged.
. Oral and antennal region, enlarged.

. Sternal region of male, enlarged.

NO OR wD

a PLATE 73

Trichopeltarion nobile, off Santa Lucia, 151 fathoms, male, carapace 65 mm.
wide without spines. After A. Milne Edwards

Fiaure 1. Dorsal view. The hairs have been removed from the right half of
carapace and feet.

Antennal and buccal regions.

Right chela.

Left chela.

Abdomen.

Suge eee

PLATE 74

Pliosoma parvifrons, Cape San Lucas

Figure 1. Male, carapace 20 mm. long, dorsal view.
2. Ventral view.
3. Male holotype, carapace 15.5 mm. long, dorsal view. After Stimpson.

572 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Figure 1.

2.
3.

FIGuRE 1.

FIGURE 1.

2.

FiGureE 1.
De
oe

4.
5.

Figure 1.
De
ae

PLATE 75

Acanthocyclus gayi, male (17617), carapace 23.2 mm. wide. Ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 76

Acanthocyclus hassleri, male (3265), carapace 13.7 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

. Acanthocyclus albatrossis, anterior part of body and appendages, front

view.

. Acanihocyclus albatrossis, W. coast of Patagonia, right chela, outer

side. After Tozzetti.

. Acanthocyclus gayi, Chile, anterior part of body and appendages, front

view. After Strahl.

. Acanthocyclus albatrossis, Puerto Harris, male (12710), carapace 29

mm. wide, dorsal view.

. Acanthocyclus albatrossis, Puerto Harris, male (12710), carapace 29

mm. wide, ventral view for chelae.

PLATE 77

Acanthocyclus albatrossis, male, Puerto Harris (12710), carapace 29
mm. wide, ventral view.

Acanthocyclus albatrossis, female, Puerto Harris (12710), carapace 26
mm. wide, ventral view for maxillipeds.

e PLATE 78

Corystoides chilensis

Male (18509), carapace 7 mm. wide, ventral view.
Female (18509), carapace 9.5 mm. wide, dorsal view.
Male, Rio de la Plata, 7 fathoms, cotype of C. abbreviatus, carapace
18 mm. long, dorsal view.
Same, front and appendages, enlarged.
Same, left orbital-antennal region, ventral view, enlarged.
Figures 3-5 after A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.

PuatEe 79

Bellia picta, male (22066), carapace 28.5 mm. long, front view.
Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view.
PLATE 80

Cancer edwardsit, female (14855), carapace 126 mm. wide, dorsal view

Puatve 81

Cancer plebejus, female (14845), carapace 82 mm. wide, dorsal view

FIGuRE 1.
De

PLATE 82

Cancer plebejus, dorsal view, much reduced. After Bell.
Cancer polyodon, dorsal view, much reduced. After Bell.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 573

PLATE 83

Cancer portert, male (13870), carapace 121.2 mm. wide, ventral view

PLATE 84

Cancer porteri (longipes Bell), male, Valparaiso, width of carapace 6 inches
(15 em.). After Bell

PuateE 85

Figure 1. Cancer irroratus, alive, Woods Hole, 1905.
2. Cancer edwardsii, male abdomen, Valparaiso, width of carapace 714
inches (19 cm.). After Bell.
3. Cancer plebejus (irroratus Bell), male abdomen, South America, width
of carapace 4 inches (10 cm.). After Bell.
4. Cancer portert (longipes Bell), male abdomen, Valparaiso, width of
. carapace 6 inches (15 cm.). After Bell.
5. Cancer polyodon (dentatus Bell), male abdomen, Valparaiso, width of
carapace 5!4 inches (14 em.). After Rell.

PLATE 86
Cancer luederwaldti, holotype, Mus. Paulista, carapace 25 cm. wide, dorsal view

PLATE 87

Cancer luederwaldti, holotype, ventral view
PuLaTE 88

Cancer luederwaldti, holotype, frontal view
PLATE 89

Cancer luederwaldtt, chelae, propodus 165.4 mm. long
PLATE 90
Cancer polyodon, male (40416), carapace 110 mm. wide, dorsal view

PLATE 91

Fiaures 1, 2. Cancer amphioetus, females (20140), carapaces 16 to 17 mm. wide,
dorsal view.
3. Cancer amphioetus, juvenile female (18967), San Diego Bay, width
of carapace 13-+-mm., dorsal view. After Schmitt.
4,5. Cancer amphioetus, males (20140), carapaces 16.3 to 17.3 mm.
wide, dorsal view.

PLATE 92

Cancer antennarius, male (50280), Venice breakwater, dorsal view. After Schmitt

PLATE 93

Ficure 1. Cancer branneri, female, station 5790, carapace 29.5 mm. wide, dorsal
view. After Schmitt.
2. Cancer antennarius, male, Sausalito, California, carapace 71 mm. wide,
dorsal view. After Schmitt.

574 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PLATE 94

After Schmitt

FiaureE 1. Cancer jordani, male (50300), Isthmus Hbr., Catalina, width between
post-lateral teeth 19 mm., dorsal view.
2. Cancer jordani, male (39116), Monterey Bay, width of carapace 26%
mm., dorsal view.
3. Cancer anthonyi, male (22246), San Diego Bay 3577, width between
post-lateral teeth 33'4+-mm., dorsal view.

PuatTeE 95

Cancer gracilis, male (52717), San Francisco Bay Sta. 5802, width between
post-lateral teeth 411% mm., dorsal view. After Schmitt

PuatTE 96

Ficure 1. Cancer oregonensis, form 6, male, Alaska (17424), dorsal view.
2. Cancer oregonensis, typical, male, Admiralty Inlet, Washington
(50477), dorsal view. After Schmitt.
3. Cancer oregonensis, form a, female, dorsal view. After Schmitt.

PLatTE 97

Figure 1. Carpilius corallinus, female (4094), carapace 107.4 mm. wide, front
view.
2. Carpilius corallinus, male (7342), carapace 61.8 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

PLATE 98

Carpilius corallinus, female (4094), carapace 107 mm. wide, dorsal view
PLATE 99

Carpilius corallinus, female (4094), carapace 107 mm. wide, ventral view
PuateE 100

FicurE 1. Carpilodes cinctimanus, male (17795), carapace 28.2 mm. wide,
dorsal view.
2. Same, front view.

3. Same, ventral view.
Puate 101

Figure 1. Paraliomera longimana, male (24255), carapace 22.2 mm. wide,

ventral view showing chelae.

2. Same, showing abdomen.

3. Same, dorsal view.

4. Paraliomera dispar, female (58008), carapace 5.5 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

5. Same, front view.

PLATE 102

Fieure 1. Platypodia rotundaia, ovigerous female (4079), carapace 11 mm.
wide, front view.
2. Same, ventral view.
3. Same, dorsal view.
4. Platypodia spectabilis, female (7688), carapace 19.3 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

FiGcuReE l.
Ze
oe

Ficure 1.
2s

3.
4.
5.
6.
7

8.

FiGureE l.

oe Oo bw

Figure 1.

Oar Ww

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA old

PLATE 103

Actaea setigera, male (57989), carapace 23 mm. wide, front view.
Same, dorsal view.
Same, ventral view.

Puate 104

Actaea dovii, female (20600), carapace 9.6 mm. wide, ventral view.

Same, dorsal view.

Actaea bifrons, St. Barthelemy, chela, outer side. After Odhner.

Same, dorsal view, carapace about 10 mm. wide.

Actaea bifrons, ovigerous female (53769), carapace 10.5 mm. wide,
ventral view.

Same, dorsal view.

. Actaea angusta, type female, carapace 5.8 mm. wide, ventral view.

The right chela is broken near its lower margin.
Same, dorsal view.
Puate 105

Actaea rufopunctata nodosa, female (15010), carapace 22.6 mm. wide,
ventral view.

. Same, dorsal view.

. Actaea sulcaia, male (60721), carapace 9 mm. wide, front view.

. Same, dorsal view.

. Actza acantha, female (48568), carapace 32.4 mm. wide, front view.

PuaTeE 106
Actaea acantha, St. Barthelemy, chela. After Odhner.

. Same, dorsal view, carapace about 13 mm. wide.

. Actaea palmeri, St. Barthelemy, chela. After Odhner.

. Same, dorsal view, carapace about 22 mm. wide.

. Actaea palmeri, female (25572), carapace 34.7 mm. wide, ventral view.
. Same, dorsal view.

Puate 107

Glyptoranthus erosus, male (25573), carapace 47.3 mm. wide

Ficure 1.

2.
Oo.
4,

Figure l.
De

3.
4.

Ficure l.

bo

Ventral view, showing chelae.
Ventral view showing abdomen.
Front view.
Dorsal view.

Puiate 108

Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus, female (3272), carapace 32.6 mm. wide,
front view.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view.

Glyptoxanthus vermiculatus, female (7589), carapace 32.3 mm. wide,
ventral view, showing chelae.

Puate 109

Glyptoranthus vermiculatus, female (7589), carapace 32.6 mm. wide,
front view.

. Same, dorsal view.
_ Same, ventral view, showing abdomen.

576 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PuatTE 110

Fiqaure 1. Daira americana, female (5768), carapace 36.6 mm. wide, ventral view..

2. Same, dorsal view.

3. Carpoporus papulosus, male, Florida Strait, carapace 8 mm. wide.
After A. Milne Edwards. Chela, outer view.

4, Same, anterior view showing respiratory orifices between the manus
and carpus.

5. Same, antennal and buccal regions.

6. Same, dorsal view.

Puate 111

Fiaure 1. Carpoporus papulosus, male (15006), carapace 14.7 mm. wide, front
view.
2. Same, dorsal view.
3. Same, ventral view.
PLATE 112

Lipaesthesius leeanus

Fiaure 1. Male holotype, carapace 11.7 mm. wide, front view.

. Same, dorsal view.

. Same, ventral view.

. Unique type of Medaeus rugosus Boone, female, dorsal view.

. Male, Maria Madre Island, carapace 7.6 mm. wide, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view.

D> Oke WS bo

Puate 113

Fiaure 1. Medaeus spinimanus, male (31085), carapace 34.5 mm. wide, front view..
2. Same, dorsal view.
3. Ventral view for abdomen and sternum.

PuatTe 114

Fiqure 1. Medaeus lobipes, male holotype, carapace 25.5 mm. wide, front view..
2. Same, dorsal view.
3. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

Puatve 115

Platyxanthus orbignyi (46331), carapace 79 mm. wide, dorsal view. Original
painted the natural colors

PuaTe 116

Ficure 1. Platyxanthus crenulatus, Patagonia, type male, carapace 57 mm. wide,,.

dorsal view. After A. Milne Edwards.
2. Platyxanthus orbignyi, dorsal view. After Milne Edwards and Lucas..

PuaTE 117
Platyxanthus crenulatus, male (57124), carapace 72 mm. wide, dorsal view

PLATE 118

Platyzanthus crenulatus, male (57124), carapace 72 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 51

Puate 119

Platyxanthus crenulatus, male (57124), carapace 72 mm. wide, ventral view
showing abdomen

Puate 120

Platyxanthus cokeri, type male, carapace 88.3 mm. wide, ventral view
Puate 121

Platyzanthus cokeri, type male, carapace 88.3 mm. wide, ventral view showing
chelae

PuatTEeE 122

Platyxanthus cokerz, type male, carapace 88.3 mm. wide, dorsal view

Puate 123
After A. Milne Edwards
Platyxanthus patagonicus, Patagonia, type male, 100 mm. wide

FriaureE 1. Dorsal view.
2. Antennal and buccal regions.
3. Left chela, outer side.

PuaTE 124

Plaiyxanthus patagonicus, male, Puerto Piramides (9185a, B. A. Mus.), carapace
91 mm. wide, dorsal view

Puate 125
Platyxanthus patagonicus

Figure 1. Ovigerous female, Mar del Plata (12908, B. A. Mus.), carapace 91
mm. wide, dorsal view.
2. Male, 37° 50’ S., 56° W. (17635, B. A. Mus.), carapace 97 mm. wide,
ventral view.
Puate 126

FiaurE 1. Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii, female (21993), carapace 37 mm. wide,
ventral view showing chelae.
2. Same, dorsal view.
PLATE 127

Figure 1. Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii, dorsal view. After Milne Edwards and
Lucas.
2. Gaudichaudia gaudichaudii, male (21993), carapace 32.7 mm. wide,
ventral view showing abdomen.

PuatEe 128

Homalaspis plana, female (46340), carapace 145 mm. wide, dorsal view. Original
painted the natural colors

PuatE 129

Homalaspis plana, male (60883), carapace 76 mm. wide, ventral view showing

chelae
79856—30——38

578 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PuatE 130

Homalaspis plana, male (60883), carapace 76 mm. wide, dorsal view

Puate 131

Parazanthus barbiger, Valparaiso, male type, carapace 82 mm. wide, dorsal view.

After Milne Edwards and Lucas

PuatTE 132

Paraxanthus barbiger, Valparaiso, male type, carapace 82 mm. wide

Figure 1.

O oe W&W bO

Ficure 1.

Figure 1.
De

3.

Ficure 1.

Fiaure 1.

2.

After Milne Edwards and Lucas

Abdomen of male.

. Sternal plastron of male.

. Abdomen of female.

. First maxilliped.

. Outer maxilliped.

. Antennal region. .

Puate 133

Paraxanthus barbiger, ovigerous female (10807, B. A. Mus.), carapace
36.2 mm. wide, ventral view.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Cycloxanthops vitlatus, male (8208), carapace 24 mm. wide, ventral

view, showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus, male (40481), carapace 45.7 mm.

wide, ventral view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PuatTE 134

Cycloxanthops novemdentatus, male (19505), major propodus 70.3 mm.
long, ventral view for chelae.
Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus, male (40431), carapace 45.7 mm. wide,
ventral view for abdomen.
Cycloxanthops vittatus, male (3208), carapace 24 mm. wide, ventral
view for abdomen.
PuatE 135

Cycloxanthops sexdecimdentatus, Chile, dorsal view. After Milne
Edwards and Lucas.

Cycloxanthops novemdentatus, femaie (50250), Isthmus Hbr., Catalina
Islands, carapace 24 mm. wide, dorsal view.

Cycloxanthops novemdentatus, male, Guadalupe Island, dorsal view.

PLATE 136

Phymodius maculatus, female (59467), carapace 28.2 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

Phymodius maculatus, male (13833), carapace 22.8 mm. wide, ventral
view.

FiqaureE 1.

bo

Figure 1.
De

3.

Ficoure 1.

2.
3.

Fiaure 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.
2"

3.
4.

5.

Figure 1.

2.
3.

Fieure 1.

He CO

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 579

PuatTE 137

Leptodius floridanus, male (57126), carapace 30.2 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Leptodius occidentalis, male (50626), carapace 39.6 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Leptodius sanguineus, male (2229), carapace 33.3 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PLATE 1388

Leptodius floridanus, male (57126), carapace 30.2 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

Leptodius occidentalis, male (50626), carapace 39.6 mm. wide, ventral
view, showing abdomen.

Leptodius sanguineus, male (2229), carapace 33.3 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen,

PLATE 139

Leptodius snodgrassi, type male (24831), carapace 20.5 mm. wide,
ventral view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PuatEe 140

Leptodius taboganus, male (43658), carapace 20 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PuLatEe 141

Leptodius parvulus, type (Copenhagen Mus.), dorsal view.

Leptodius parvulus, male (14886), carapace 18.6 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Leptodius agassizii, male (18008), carapace 19.4 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Puate 142

Leptodius cooksoni, male (22008), carapace 24.8 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same ventral view showing abdomen.

PuaTE 143
Leptodius tridentatus, Juan Fernandez. After Lenz

Dorsal view of cotype of L. spinoso-granulatus, carapace about 12
mm. wide.

. Last left ambulatory leg.
. Outer maxilliped, enlarged.
. Dorsal view of cotype, carapace 17 mm. wide.

580 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Xanthodius stimpsoni, Cape San Lucas, male enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

Figure 5.
6.
ae

Figure 1.

2.

Figure l.

2.

Ficure 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.

2.

Ficure 1.
2
a
4

5.

Ficure 1.
2.

3.

Outer maxilliped.
Antennal region.
Dorsal view.
Puate 144

Xanthodius sternberghit, male (48802), carapace 34 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.
Same, dorsal view.
PuatTEe 145

Xanthodius denticulatus, male (25719), carapace 30.4 mm. wide,
ventral view showing abdomen.

Xanthodius sternberghit, male (48802), carapace 34 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

PuaTEe 146

Xanthodius denticulatus, male (25719), carapace 30.4 mm. wide,
front view.
Same, ventral view showing chelae.
Same, dorsal view.
Puats 147

Xanthodius hebes, male (50485), carapace 31 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view. Major fixed finger abnormally short.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 148

Metopocarcinus truncatus, female (60629), carapace 4 mm. wide,
ventral view.

Same, dorsal view. The lower part of the carapace has separated
from the upper part and is visible outside the postero-lateral
margins.

. Lophoxanthus lamellipes, male (50968), carapace 22.6 mm. wide,

ventral view.

. Same, dorsal view.

Puate 149

Lophopanopeus heathii, male (54014), carapace 21 mm. wide, front
view.

. Same, ventral view showing chelae.

Lophopanopeus heathii, male, Monterey Bay, dorsal view.

. Lophopanopeus heathii, female (22870), Monterey Bay, carapace 17

mm. wide, dorsal view.
Lophopanopeus heathit, male (54014), carapace 21 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

Puiate 150

Lophopanopeus bellus, male cotype, dorsal view. After Stimpson.

Lophopanopeus bellus, male (14970), carapace 26 mm. wide, dorsal
view. After Schmitt.

Lophopanopeus bellus, variety, male (31542), carapace 16 mm. wide,
dorsal view.

FIGuRE 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.

Hm OO

Ficure 1.

10.

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

2.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 581

Puate 151

Lophopanopeus bellus, male (14970), carapace 29.6 mm. wide, front
view.

Same, ventral view showing chelipeds.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

Prats 152

Lophopanopeus frontalis, type male, carapace 23.4 mm. wide, front
view.

. Same, ventral view showing chelae.
. Lophopanopeus frontalis, male, Southern California, dorsal view.
. Lophopanopeus frontalis, Anaheim Bay, carapace 14 mm. wide, dorsal

view.

. Lophopanopeus fronialis, type male, carapace 23.4 mm. wide, ventral

view.
Puate 153

Lophopanopeus lockingiont, male (32976), carapace 14 mm. wide,
front view.

. Same, ventral view showing chelae.
. Lophopanopeus somaterianus (61135), right movable finger 10 mm.

long, outer view.

. Same, ventral view.
. Lophopanopeus leucomanus, male (50208), carapace 14.8 mm. wide,

ventral view showing chelae.

. Lophopanopeus diegensis, male (50239), carapace 19 mm. wide, ven-

tral view showing chelae.

. Same, front view.
. Lophopanopeus lockingtoni, male (82976), carapace 14 mm. wide,

ventral view showing abdomen.

. Lophopanopeus leucomanus, male (50208), carapace 14.8 mm. wide,

ventral view showing abdomen.
Lophopanopeus diegensis, male (50239), carapace 19 mm. wide,
ventral view showing abdomen.

Puate 154

Lophopanopeus lockingtoni, female, station 3591, dorsal view, natural
size.

. Lophopanopeus lockingtoni, male (19978), San Diego, carapace 13.3

mm. wide, dorsal view.

. Lophopanopeus lockingtoni, male (50239), Venice Breakwater, cara-

pace 19 mm. wide, dorsal view.

. Lophopanopeus leucomanus, male (50208), Isthmus Hbr., Catalina,

carapace 15 mm. wide.

PuaTe 155

Lophopanopeus distinctus, female (11403), carapace 9.5 mm. wide,
dorsal view.
Same, ventral view.

Lophopanopeus lobipes, Florida, male, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

3.
4.
5.

Left chela, outer side.
Right chela, outer side.
Dorsal view.

582 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

FIGure 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.

2.
3.

Ficure 1.
Di
oe

Figure 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.

2.
3.

Figure 1.

2.
3.

PLATE 156

Panopeus herbstit forma typica, male (15780), ventral view showin g
chelae; major propodus 26.4 mm. long.

Panopeus herbstii forma typica, male, dorsal view.

Panopeus herbstii forma obesa, male, dorsal view.

Puate 157

Panopeus herbstii forma simpsoni, type, female, carapace 35.5 mm.
wide, ventral view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Panopeus herbstii forma crassa, male (44181), carapace 48.5 mm.
wide, dorsal view.

Puate 158

Panopeus purpureus, dorsal view. After A. Milne Edwards.
Panopeus convexus, type (Paris Mus.), dorsal view.
Panopeus chilensis, dorsal view. After Milne Edwards and Lucas.

PLATE 159

Panopeus purpureus, male (40427), carapace 51.1 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view for abdomen.

PuatE 160

Panopeus chilensis, male (60808), ventral view showing chelae; length
of major propodus 32.6 mm.

Panopeus chilensis , male, dorsal view.

Panopeus chilensis, male (60803), ventral view showing abdomen.

Puate 161

Panopeus occidentalis forma serrata, male (157138), carapace 28 mm.
wide, ventral view to show chelae.
Panopeus occidentalis forma typica, male, dorsal view.
Panopeus occidentalis forma serrata, male (15718), carapace 28 mm.
wide, dorsal view.
Puate 162

Panopeus rugosus, Brazil, male, carapace 60 mm. wide, dorsal view. After A.

Figure 1.

2.
3.

Milne Edwards
PLATE 163

Panopeus rugosus, female (17715), carapace 57.2 mm. wide, front view
showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Panopeus rugosus, male (17304), carapace 24 mm. wide, ventral view
showing abdomen.

Figure 1.
Op
3

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

Figure

FIGURE

4,
. Panopeus harttii, male (16259), carapace 15.5 mm. wide, ventral view

CW b

Pm wD

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oe

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 583

PLATE 164

Panopeus harttti, male (25737), carapace 17.6 mm. wide, ventral view,

Panopeus harttit, male, dorsal view.

Panopeus americanus, male (59447), ventral view showing chelae;
major chela 22 mm. long.

Panopeus americanus, male, dorsal view.

showing abdomen.

. Panopeus americanus, male (59447), ventral view showing abdomen.

Puate 165

. Panopeus bermudensis, ovigerous female (60792), carapace 10.5 mm.

wide, dorsal view.

. Panopeus bermudensis, male (60792), carapace 15.6 mm. wide, ventral

view to show chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PLATE 166

. Panopeus turgidus, type male, carapace 19.3 mm. wide, ventral view

showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Panopeus turgidus, a second specimen, dorsal view.

Panopeus turgidus, type male, carapace 19.3 mm. wide, ventral view
showing abdomen.
PLATE 167

. Panopeus boekei, type male, carapace 13 mm. wide, front view.
. Same, dorsal view.

. Same, ventral view showing chelae.

. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 168

. Neopanope texana, male (15383), ventral view showing chelae; major

chela 18.5 mm. long.

. Neopanope texana, male, dorsal view.
. Neopanope texana sayi, male (8827), ventral view to show chelae;

major chela 17.3 mm. long.

. Neopanope texana sayi, male, dorsal view.
. Neopanope packardit, male (13042), carapace 19 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Neopanope packardii, male, dorsal view.

PLATE 169

. Hexapanopeus angustifrons, male, dorsal view.
. Hexapanopeus angustifrons, female (15757), carapace 21.7 mm. wide,

ventral view showing chelae.

. Hexapanopeus schmitti, type male, carapace 12.6 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

584

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Oo kr

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Oa.

PiatE 170

. Hexapanopeus sinaloensis, type male, carapace 8.5 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Hexapanopeus orcutti, type male, carapace 6.6 mm. wide, ventral view

showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Hexapanopeus paulensis, type male, carapace 8.4 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PLATE 171

. Hexapanopeus hemphillii, male (15652), carapace 7.6 mm. wide, ven-

tral view to show chelae; major propodus 6.4 mm. long.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Hexapanopeus caribbaeus, male (19402), carapace 11.4 mm. wide, ven-

tral view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.
. Hexapanopeus hemphillii, male (15652), carapace 7.6 mm. wide, ven-

tral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 172

Eurypanopeus abbreviatus, male (59844), ventral view showing chelae;
major propodus 15.7 mm. long.

. Same species, male, dorsal view.
. Eurypanopeus abbreviatus aier, male holotype, carapace 19.8 mm.

wide, ventral view to show chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Eurypanopeus transversus, male, dorsal view, natural size.
. Same species, male (32282), carapace 20 mm. wide, ventral view to

show chelae.

. Same specimen, dorsal view.

Puate 173

. Eurypanopeus dissimilis, male type (15640), ventral view for chelae;

major propodus 9.3 mm. long.

. Same species, male, dorsal view.
. Eurypanopeus depressus, male (15399), ventral view for chelae; major

propodus 11.2 mm. long.

. Same species, male, dorsal view.
. Eurypanopeus ovatus, male (16078), ventral view for chelae, carapace

19.6 mm. wide.

. Same specimen, dorsal view.

PuatTe 174

. Eurypanopeus crenatus, male, dorsal view.
. Eurypanopeus crenatus, female (16213), ventral view for chelae; major

propodus 15.3 mm. long.

. Same species, male (16213), carapace 19.6 mm. wide, ventral view

showing abdomen.

. Eurypanopeus ovatus, male (16078), carapace 19.6 mm. wide, ventral

view showing abdomen.

Fiaure 1.
2

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

3.

o> on

bo

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 585

Puate 175

Eurypanopeus planissimus, male, dorsal view.

Eurypanopeus planissimus, male (50966), carapace 13.3 mm. wide,
ventral view showing chelae.

Eurypanopeus planus, male (44188), carapace 27.3 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.
. Eurypanopeus planissimus, male (50966), carapace 13.3 mm. wide,

ventral view showing abdomen.

Puate 176

. Eurytium limosum, male (44184), carapace 43 mm. wide, ventral view

showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Eurytium tristani, male (40418), carapace 51.7 mm. wide, dorsal view.

PLATE 177

. Eurytium affine, male (19516), carapace 24.6 mm. wide, ventral view

showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Eurytium tristani, male (40418), carapace 51.7 mm. wide, ventral view

showing chelae.
Puate 178

. Micropanope sculptipes, female (20719), carapace 6 mm. wide, front

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope sculptipes, male (60777), carapace 6.6 mm. wide, dorsal

view.

. Micropanope lobifrons, female (58014), carapace 6 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae. Rhizocephalid parasite on abdomen.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope lobifrons, male, enlarged, Antilles, dorsal view. After

A. Milne Edwards.

. Micropanope truncatifrons, type female, carapace 10.3 mm. wide,

ventral view to show chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

Puate 179

. Micropanope xantusii, male cotype, ventral view.
. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope xantusii, male (60785), carapace 10.2 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope xantusii taboguillensis, type male, carapace 10 mm. wide,

ventral view to show chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope pusilla, male (49171), carapace 5.6 mm. wide, ventral

view.

. Same, dorsal view.

586

Figure 1.

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

FIGURE

BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

w bdo

Puate 180

Micropanope granulimanus, female (20052), ventral view to show
chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope polita, male (19972), carapace 9.5 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope lata, male holotype, carapace 10.25 mm. wide, antennal

and oral regions. After Faxon.

. Same, dorsal view.

Micropanope xanthiformis, female (60912), carapace 11 mm. wide,
ventral view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PuatTe 181

Micropanope spinipes, female (20508), carapace 12.6 mm. wide, ven-
tral view to show chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope nitida, male (21583), carapace 11.8 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PuaTE 182

Micropanope areolata, male (58113), carapace 10.38 mm. wide, ventral
view.

. Same, dorsal view.

Micropanope urinator, male (7806), carapace 10 mm. wide, ventral
view.

. Same, dorsal view.

PuLatTE 183

. Micropanope urinator, male, enlarged, Antilles, antennal and buccal

regions.

. Same, chela, outer side.
. Same, dorsal view.
. Micropanope cristimanus, male (46080), carapace 6.8 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Micropanope cristimanus, ovigerous female (46080), carapace 5.6 mm.

wide, dorsal view. .

Micropanope cristimanus, male (46080), carapace 6.8 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

Rhithropanopeus harrisii, male (3149), carapace 17.4 mm. wide, ven-
tral view to show chelae.

. Rhithropanopeus harrisii, male, dorsal view.

PuatEe 184

. Tetraxanthus bidentatus, male (9759), carapace 20 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.
. Same, dorsal view.

PuateE 185

. Teltraxanthus rugosus, type male, carapace 11.5 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 587

PuatTE 186

Figure 1. Chlorodiella longimana, male (60862), carapace 17.8 mm. wide, ventral
view.
2. Same, dorsal view.
PLatTE 187

Ficure l. Xanthias inornatus, male holotype of X. vestitus, carapace 4.6 mm.
long, dorsal view.
2. Same, ventral view.
3. Xanthias inornatus, male (57002), propodus 5 mm. long, right chela
and wrist, outer view.

PLATE 188

FicureE 1. Parazxanthias taylori, female (45580), Venice, Calif., carapace 21 mm.
wide, dorsal view. After Schmitt.
2. Paraxanthias taylori, female (23920), carapace 42 mm. wide, front
view.
3. Paraxanthias taylori, male (23920), carapace 25 mm. wide, ventral
view showing abdomen.

PLatTE 189

Figure 1. Paraxanthias taylori, female, type, dorsal view, slightly enlarged.
After Stimpson.
2. Parazxanthias sulcatus (Xanthodes sulcatus Faxon), antennal and oral
region, enlarged. After Faxon.
3. Same, dorsal view, enlarged.
4. Paraxanthias insculptus, immature male, 4 mm. wide, Eden Island,
Galapagos, dorsal view.

Puate 190

Fieure 1. Eucratodes agassizii, male (24318), carapace 8.5 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.
2. Same, dorsal view.
3. Same, ventral view.
PuatEe 191

Menippe mercenaria, male (20096), major chela 41 mm. high, inner view to show
striae

Puate 192

Menippe mercenaria, male (20096), carapace 90 mm. wide, dorsal view

PuatTe 193

Ficure 1. Menippe mercenaria, male (20096), carapace 90 mm. wide, front view
showing chelae.
2. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PuatTe 194

Menippe frontalis, male (60758), major chela 51.5 mm. high, inner view to show
striae

588 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PuatTe 195

Fiaure 1. Menippe frontalis, male (60758), carapace 111.5 mm. wide, ventral
view to show tubercles on orbital and antero-lateral regions.
2. Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PLATE 196

Menippe frontalis, male (60758), carapace 111.5 mm. wide, dorsal view

Puate 197

Fiaure 1. Menippe obtusa, male (17301), carapace 52 mm. wide, front view.
2. Same, dorsal view.
PLATE 198

Fiaure 1. Menippe obtusa, type female, minor chela showing striae on inner sur-
face, propodus 26 mm. long.
2. Menippe obtusa, male (173801), major chela, showing striae on inner
surface of palm, propodus 46.4 mm. long.
3. Menippe nodifrons, male (59309), carapace 71.7 mm. wide, outer view
of chelae.
PuatE 199

Menippe nodifrons, male (59309), carapace 71.7 mm. wide, dorsal view

PuatTE 200

Ficure 1. Pilwmnus sayi, male (53718), carapace 29.5 mm. wide, ventral view.

2. Same, dorsal view.

3. Pilumnus caribaeus, male (31082), carapace 13 mm. wide, ventral
view to show chelae.

4. Pilumnus caribaeus, female (31082), carapace 18 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

5. Pilumnus dasypodus, male (50535), carapace 15 mm. wide, ventral
view.

6. Same, dorsal view.

7. Pilumnus spinosissimus, female (22268), carapace 15 mm. wide, ven-
tral view to show chelae.

8. Same, dorsal view.

PLATE 201

Pilumnus cantusii, Cape San Lucas, male, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

-

Figure 1. Dorsal view.
2. Fronto-orbital region, anterior view.
3. Chela, outer side.

Pilumnus sayi, Antilles, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

4. Dorsal view of male.

5. Antennal and buccal regions.

6. Right chela, outer side.

7. Hepatie region of female with an unusual number of dorsal spines.

Pilumnus gracilipes, Antilles, female, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

8. Dorsal view, chelipeds lacking.
9. Antennal and buceal regions.

FIGURE 1.
a4,

3.
4.
5.

FIGURE 1.

2.

3.

FIGuRE 1.

)

FIGURE 1.

bo

on

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 589

PLATE 202

Pilumnus townsendi, female (17413), dorsal view, enlarged.
Pilumnus diomedeae, type female, carapace 16 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.
Same, dorsal view.
Pilumnus longleyi, type female, carapace 19.6 mm. wide, ventral view.
Same, dorsal view.
PuatTE 203

Pilumnus spinohirsutus, female (32964), Santa Sean Island, Calif.,
carapace 7 mm. wide, dorsal view.
Pilumnus spinohirsutus, female (54763), carapace 17.2 mm. long, dor-
sal view.
Same, ventral view.
Puate 204

Pilumnus townsendt, female holotype, carapace 13.8 mm. long, ventral
view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Pilumnus gonzalensis, male (17415), carapace 17.4 mm. wide, dorsal

view.

. Same, ventral view showing chelae.

PuatTE 205

Pilumnus lacteus, male (60217), carapace 11.5 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Pilumnus floridanus, male (11306), carapace 9.6 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.
Same, dorsal view. Carapace largely denuded.

. Pilumnus stimpsonit, ovigerous female (60223), chela, outer view, pro-

podus 2.6 mm. long.

. Same, carapace 5 mm. wide, dorsal view.

PuLatTe 206

Pilumnus quoyi, Brazil, male, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

FicureE 1.
De
3
4,

Figure 1.

1)

O or Oo

om Ona]

Dorsal view; pubescence removed from right half.
Antennal and buccal regions.

Front, anterior view.

Left chela, outer side.

Pilumnus miersii, Antilles, male. After A. Milne Edwards

. Dorsal view, enlarged.

PuatEe 207

Pilumnus gemmatus, female (56900), carapace 13.5 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

. Pilumnus gemmatus, female (17913), carapace 22.5 mm. wide, veniral

view.

. Same, dorsal view, carapace denuded.

. Pilumnus pygmaeus, female cotype, dorsal view.

. Same, ventral view.

. Pilumnus pannosus, male (13814), carapace 12.5 mm. wide, ventral

view showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Pilumnus holosericus, male (24377), carapace 9.7 mm. wide, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view showing chelae.

590 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PuatTEeE 208

Figure 1. Pilumnus limosus, female (4080), carapace 8.3 mm. wide, dorsal view.
Carapace and chela largely denuded.
2. Pilumnus limosus, female (60821), carapace 10.6 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.
3. Same, dorsal view.
Puate 209

Pilumnus limosus, Panama, male, carapace about 16 mm. wide. After A. Milne
Edwards |

Ficure 1. Dorsal view; pubescence removed from right half.
2. Left chela, outer side.
3. Antennal and buccal regions; pubescence removed from left half.

Pilumnus reticulatus, male (60220), carapace 15 mm. wide

4. Ventral view.
5. Same, dorsal view.

PiLatEe 210

Pilumnus reticulatus forma fragosa, Antilles, male, enlarged. After A. Milne
Edwards

Figure 1. Dorsal view.

2. Minor chela, outer side.

3. Major chela, outer side.

4. Fronto-orbital region, dorsal view.

5. Antennal and buccal regions.

6

. Abdomen.

Pilumnus reticulatus forma tessellata, Brazil, male, enlarged. After A. Milne
Edwards

. Antennal and buccal regions

. Ambulatory leg denuded.

. Dorsal view.

. Chela, outer side.

. Carapace of younger specimen on which the hairs have been preserved.

RFP OO ON

— pt

Puate 211

Figure 1. Lobopilumnus agassizii forma typica, female (17891), carapace 20 mm.
wide, ventral view.

. Same, dorsal view.

3. Lobopilumnus agassizii forma pulchella, ovigerous female (48563),
carapace 25 mm. wide, dorsal view.

4. Lobopilumnus agassizii forma trinidadensis, type female, carapace 30.1
mm. wide, dorsal view.

5. Lobopilumnus agassizit forma bermudensis, male (42798), carapace
33.6 mm. wide, dorsal view.

bn

PuaTE 212

Heteractaea lunata, young female, carapace about 17 mm. wide. After Milne
Edwards and Lucas
Figure 1. Dorsal view.
2. Chela, outer face.
3. Outer maxilliped.
4. Frontal region, ventral view.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 591

Heteractaea ceratopus, Guadeloupe, male, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

FicureE 5.
6.
Ue
3.

Ficure 1.

2.
3.

i .GURE 1.

2.
3.

FIGcureE 1.

2.

Dorsal view.

Abdomen.

Chela, outer side.

Antennal and buccal regions.

PLATE 213

Heteraciaea ceratopus, male (24845), carapace 29.6 mm. wide, ventral
view showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

Puate 214

Heteractaea lunata, male (2146), Panama, carapace 21 mm. wide,
dorsal view. After Schmitt.
Heteractaea lunata, male (33274), carapace 19 mm. wide, ventral view.
Same, dorsal view.
PLATE 215

Acidops fimbriatus, female, Australia (Austral. Mus. P. 17), carapace
14.3 mm. wide, ventral view.
Same, dorsal view.
PLATE 216

Pilumnoides perlatus, near Lima. After Milne Edwards and Lucas

Ficure 1.
De
on

—_

FIGURE

bo

-

FIGURE

eo) bo

e

FIGURE

bo

FIGURE

Owe

Antennal region.
Chela, outer face.
Outer maxilliped.
PuLaTE 217

. Pilumnoides hassleri, male (21990), carapace 11 mm. wide, dorsal view.
. Same, ventral view.

. Pilumnoides perlatus, male, Valparaiso Bay, dorsal view, X 2. After

C. E. Porter.
PLatTE 218

Pilumnoides nudifrons, female (20028), carapace 13.5 mm. wide,
ventral view showing chelae.
Same, dorsal view.

. Pilumnoides perlatus, male, Valparaiso Bay, ventral view, X 2. After

C. E. Porter.
PuaTE 219

Ozius verreauxii, male (21983), carapace 53.8 mm. wide, ventral view.

. Same, dorsal view.

Oztus verreauxii, anterior part of carapace. After Saussure.

PLaTE 220

. Ozius reticulatus, female (17824), carapace 21 mm. wide, ventral view.
. Same, dorsal view.
. Ozius verreauxii, male (21983). carapace 53.8 mm. wide, ventral view

ror apdcmen.

592 BULLETIN 152, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Fiaure 1.

Figure l.

2.

3.

Figure 1.

2.

3.

Figure 1.

2.

3.

4,

PLATE 221

Ozius perlatus, female (60790), carapace 14.3 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.
. Ozius agassizii, female (33329), carapace 21.4 mm. wide, ventral view

showing chelae.

. Same, dorsal view.

PLATE 222

Eriphia gonagra, male (59423), carapace 41.8 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PiLatTE 223

Eriphia squamata, male (50629), carapace 42 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.

Same, dorsal view.

Same, ventral view showing abdomen.

PLatTE 224

Eriphia squamata, male, dorsal view, slightly reduced. After A. Milne
Edwards.

Eriphia granulosa, female (25667), carapace 12.5 mm. wide, dorsal
view.

Same species, male (25667), carapace 11 mm. wide, ventral view
showing chelae.

Same specimen, ventral view showing abdomen.

PuatTE 225

Eriphides hispida, female (22019), carapace 62.4 mm. wide, dorsal view

Figure 1.
2

FIaGureE 1.
oe

PuatTEe 226

Eriphides hispida, female (22019), carapace 62.4 mm. wide, front view.
Same, ventral view.
PLATE 227

Domecia hispida, male (24315), carapace 11 mm. wide, ventral view.
Same, dorsal view.

Domecia hispida, Antilles, male, enlarged. After A. Milne Edwards

SD TR 9

FIGuRE 1.

our

Dorsal view.

. Chela, outer side.
. Antennal and buccal regions.

Abdomen.
Outer maxilliped.
PLATE 228

Trapezia cymodoce ferruginea, male (17416), carapace 16 mm. wide,
ventral view.

. Same, dorsal view.

Trapezia cymodoce maculata, male (29486), carapace 13.6 mm. wide,
ventral view.
Same, dorsal view.

. Trapezia digitalis, male (41336), carapace 11 mm. wide, ventral view.
. Same, dorsal view.

THE CANCROID CRABS OF AMERICA 993

PLATE 229

Figure 1. Quadrella nitida, female (22021), carapace 6.7 mm. wide, dorsal view.
Left cheliped lacking.

. Quadrella nitida, male (22021), carapace 9.5 mm. wide, dorsal view.

3. Same, ventral view.

i)

PuaTE 230

Ficure 1. Melybia thalamita, male (18439), carapace 6 mm. wide, ventral view.
2. Melybia thalamita, ovigerous female (18271), carapace 8.2 mm. wide,
dorsal view.
79856—30——39

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 1

1-3. PSEUDOCORYSTES SICARIUS (P. 12.)

4-6. GOMEZA SERRATA (P. 11)
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEBTIN 1527 PEATE: 2

OVALIPES OCELLATUS OCELLATUS (2S 9)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 3

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 4

OVALIPES OCELLATUS GUADULPENSIS (P2523)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 5

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

OVALIPES PUNCTATUS (P. 24)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN

a

f

OVALIPES PUNCTATUS (P. 24)

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152.

PLATE 6

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 7

OVALIPES PUNCTATUS (P. 24)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 8

OVALIPES PUNCTATUS (P. 24)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 9

BATHYNECTES SUPERBA (P. 28)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN

BATHYNECTES SUPERBA (P. 28)

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1525 PEATE

10

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 11

COENOPHTHALMUS TRIDENTATUS (P. 31)

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NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN

COENOPHTHALMUS TRIDENTATUS (P. 31)

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152 PE Ame 2

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 13

1, 2. PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) VENTRALIS (P. 43). 3-5. COENOPHTHALMUS
TRIDENTATUS (P. 31)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 14
|

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) SAYI (P. 37)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE

PAGE 565,

|
|
|
|
.
|
|

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 15

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ANCEPS (P. 38)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 16

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) GIBBESII (P. 49)

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BUEEERINGS2Z— PEATE S 7

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

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PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) G!BBESII (P. 49)

SEE PAGE 565.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE

U. S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 18

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) XANTUSII (P. 50)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 19

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ACUMINATUS (P. 56)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 20

1. PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) PANAMENSIS (P. 58) 2,3. P. (P.) ASPER (P. 56)

FOR EXFLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566.

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BULLETIN

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

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PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ASPER (P. 56)

SEE PAGE 566.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 22

an
cs

oles
TOTES cals

ia

1, 2. PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) ASPER (P. 56). 3. P. (P.) PANAMENSIS (P. 58)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 23

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) PANAMENSIS (P58)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 24

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) PANAMENSIS (P. 58)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 25

PORTUNUS (PORTUNUS) VOCANS (P. 60)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEETIN 152 (PEATE 26

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINIMANUS (P. 62)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEETRIN 152 PLATE 27

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINIMANUS (P62)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 28

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINIMANUS (P. 62)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 29

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BREVIMANUS (P. 68)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ; BULLETIN 152 PLATE 30

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BREVIMANUS (P. 68)

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PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) STANFORDI (P. 69)

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PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) ANGUSTUS (P. 70)

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PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) ORDWAY I (P. 71)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

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PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SEBAE (P. 79)

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PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) MINIMUS (P. 76)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEERINGIS2. PEATE 37

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) PICHILINQUEI (P. 78)

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U.

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 38

S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) AFFINIS (P. 80)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 39

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) AFFINIS (P. 80)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 568.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 40

|
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PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) FLORIDANUS (P. 82)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 41

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) DEPRESSIFRONS (P. 84)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152) (PEAKE 42

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BAHAMENSIS (P: 90)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 43

2:

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) BAHAMENSIS (P. 90)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 44

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) TUBERCULATUS (P. 90)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 45

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) SPINICARPUS (P. 92)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 46

PORTUNUS (ACHELOUS) IRIDESCENS (P. 93)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 47

CALLINECTES SAPIDUS (P. 99)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 48

CALLINECTES SAPIDUS ACUTIDENS 2s Wii)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 49

CALLINECTES BELLICOSUS (P. 112)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 50

CALLINECTES ORNATUS (ee aia)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 51

CALLINECTES DANAE (P. 118)

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CALLINECTES ARCUATUS (P. 121)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 53

CALLINECTES MARGINATUS (P. 123)

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CALLINECTES TOXOTES (P. 127)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 55

CALLINECTES BOCOURTI (P. 128)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 56

CALLINECTES EXASPERATUS (P. 130)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 57

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

133)

LUPELLA FORCEPS (P.

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 58

1. ARENAEUS MEXICANUS (P. 137). 2,3. A. CRIBRARIUS (P. 134)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 59

ARENAEUS CRIBRARIUS (P. 134)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 60

ARENAEUS CRIBRARIUS (P. 134)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 61

ARENAEUS MEXICANUS (P. 137)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEETIN 152) PEAmE G2

CRONIUS RUBER (P. 139)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 63

CRONIUS RUBER (P. 139)

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79856—30——_43

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 64

CRONIUS TUMIDULUS (P. 142)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 65

EUPHYLAX DOVII (P. 147)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 66

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

148)

EUPHYLAX ROBUSTUS (P.

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 67

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EUPHYLAX ROBUSTUS (P. 148)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 571.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 68

sian ET

a

%

ERIMACRUS ISENBECKII (P. 155)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 69

1,2. PELTARION SPINULOSUM (P. 160). 3. P. DEXTRUM (P. 161)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 70

TRACHYCARCINUS SPINULIFER (P. 166)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 71

TRACHYCARCINUS SPINULIFER (P. 166)

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TRACHYCARCINUS CORALLINUS (P. 165)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUPEE RIN >A peeAvien 75

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 76

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 7 BULLETIN 152 PLATE 77

ACANTHOCYCLUS ALBATROSSIS (P. 172)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN

CORYSTOIDES CHILENSIS (P. 174)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 572.

152, (PEAT Eas

a el re:

Se See =

ee NR

—~¢

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 79

BELLIA PICTA (P. 175)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE FAGE 572,
T9856—30—— 14

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 80

CANCER EDWARDSII (P. 193)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 81

CANCER PLEBEJUS (P. 198)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 82

2

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 83

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

eee eee ee ee eee ese ee ee ee eee

CANCER PORTERI (P. 199)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 573.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 84

CANCER PORTERI (P. 199)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 85

v.

1. CANCER IRRORATUS (P. 180). 2. C. EDWARDSII (P. 193). 3. C. PLEBEJUS (P. 198).
AC PORTERIN (P1909) soe rPOLYODON) (P3202)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 86

CANCER LUEDERWALDTI (P. 200)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152. PLATE 87

CANCER LUEDERWALDTI (P. 200)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 88

CANCER LUEDERWALDTI (P. 200)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 573

NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 89

a
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CANCER LUEDERWALDTI (P. 200)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 573.

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 90

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

CANCER POLYODON (P. 202)

SEE PAGE 573.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 91

|; ee a eee CO

CANCER AMPHIOETUS (P. 205)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEERIN 152 PEATE 92

CANCER ANTENNARIUS (P. 210)

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CANCER GRACILIS (P. 219)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 96

CANCER OREGONENSIS (P. 226)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 97

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

a

CARPILIUS CORALLINUS (P. 240)

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BULLETIN 152 PLATE 98

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

a se oo en aie ma

CARPILIUS CORALLINUS (P. 240)
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 99

CARPILIUS CORALLINUS (P. 240)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 100 .

ae

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CARPILODES CINCTIMANUS (P. 242)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 101

1-3. PARALIOMERA LONGIMANA (P. 2A3) 2s Dee DISPAR (P. 244)

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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 103

ACTAEA SETIGERA (P. 251)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 104

1, 2. ACTAEA DOVII (P. 254). 3-6. A. BIFRONS (P. 255). 7, 8. A. ANGUSTA (P. 256)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 105

1, 2. ACTAEA RUFOPUNCTATA NODOSA (P. 257). 3, 4. A. SULCATA (P. 259)2) 5. A.
ACANTHA (P. 261)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 106

1, 2. ACTAEA ACANTHA (P. 261). 3-6. A. PALMERI (P. 260)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575,

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 107

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

GLYPTOXANTHUS EROSUS (P. 263)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575.

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 108

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

4. G. VERMICULATUS (P. 266)

—3. GLYPTOXANTHUS LABYRINTHICUS (P. 266).

1

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 109

GLYPTOXANTHUS VERMICULATUS (P. 266)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 110

1, 2. DAIRA AMERICANA (P. 268). 3-6. CARPOPORUS PAPULOSUS (P. 269)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 111

CARPOPORUS PAPULOSUS (P. 269)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576.

79856—30 46

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUELERRIN 152) PEAR ie

LIPAESTHESIUS LEEANUS (P. 272)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEEGIN, 1525 PEATE 113

MEDAEUS SPINIMANUS (P. 274)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 114

MEDAEUS LOBIPES (P. 275)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 115

PLATYXANTHUS ORBIGNYI (P. 280)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ; BULLETIN 152 PLATE 116

1. PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS (P. 281). 2. P. ORBIGNY!I (P. 280)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 117

PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS (P. 281)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 118

PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS (P. 281)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 119

PLATYXANTHUS CRENULATUS (P. 281)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEEMIN 3152) JREATES Zo

PLATYXANTHUS COKERI (P. 283)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 121

PLATYXANTHUS. COKERI (P. 283)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 122

PLATYXANTHUS COKERI (P. 283)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEFERIN 1527 PEATE 123

PLATYXANTHUS PATAGONICUS (P. 284)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 124

PLATYXANTHUS PATAGONICUS (P. 284)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 125

PLATYXANTHUS PATAGONICUS (P. 284)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152° PLATE 126

GAUDICHAUDIA GAUDICHAUDI (P. 278)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

~e

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUIREEGIN 1152) PEATE: 127

GAUDICHAUDIA GAUDICHAUDII (P. 278)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

79856—30—_—47

NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE

HOMALASPIS PLANA (P. 288)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

128

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN S2 SPE AES 129)

HOMALASPIS PLANA (P. 288)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 130

HOMALASPIS PLANA (P. 288)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 131

PARAXANTHUS BARBIGER (P. 286)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BOS Z EARN 152. Asieesise

PARAXANTHUS BARBIGER (P. 286)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEERIN 152) PEATE! 133

1,2. PARAXANTHUS BARBIGER (P. 286). 3, 4. CYCLOXANTHOPS VITTATUS (P. 291).
5, 6. C. SEXDECIMDENTATUS (P. 290)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

Ake

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUIE EEN 1525 iE Aries 4:

CYCLOXANTHOPS NOVEMDENTATUS (P. 292). 2. C. SEXDECIMDENTATUS (P. 290).
3. C. VITTATUS (P. 291)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 135

1. CYCLOXANTHOPS SEXDECIMDENTATUS (P. 290). 2,3.C.
TATUS (Pe 292)

NOVEMDEN-

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

Wiss

NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEERIN 152) PEATE 36

PHYMODIUS MACULATUS (P. 295)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 137

1,2. LEPTODIUS FLORIDANUS (P. 297). 3, 4. L. OCCIDENTALIS (P30); 5,6. leaSAN=
GUINEUS (P. 302)

FOR EXPLANATION CF PLATE SEE PAGE 579.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 138

1. LEPTODIUS FLORIDANUS (P. 297). 2. L. OCCIDENTALIS (P. 301). 3. L. SANGUINEUS
(Bess02)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 139

LEPTODIUS SNODGRASSI (P. 303)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEBRGIN 152) 2PEATE 40

LEPTODIUS TABOGANUS (P. 304)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 141

1-3. LEPTODIUS PARVULUS (P. 305). 4,5. L. AGASSIZII (P. 307)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 142

LEPTODIUS COOKSONI (P. 310)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 143

1-4. LEPTODIUS TRIDENTATUS (P. 308). 5-7. XANTHODIUS STIMPSONI (P. 315)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 579-580.

TIS56—30 48

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 144

XANTHODIUS STERNBERGHII (P. 311)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 145

1. XANTHODIUS DENTICULATUS (P. 314). 2. X. STERNBERGHII (Pers)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 146

XANTHODIUS DENTICULATUS (P. 314)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BOUEEERIN 152) SE EATE 147,

XANTHODIUS HEBES (P. 313)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 148

1, 2. METOPOCARCINUS TRUNCATUS (P. 318). 3, 4. LOPHOXANTHUS LAMELLIPES
(Pes)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 149

LOPHOPANOPEUS HEATHII (P. 322)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 150

LOPHOPANOPEUS BELLUS (P. 320)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 151

! OPHOPANOPEUS BELLUS (P. 320)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 1525 * }

LOPHOPANOPEUS FRONTALIS (P. 323)

FOR EXPLANATION CF PLATE SEE PAGE 581.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 153

1, 2, 8. LOPHOPANOPEUS LOCKINGTONI (P. 325). 3,4.L. SOMATERIANUS (P. S32)e
5,9. L. LEUCOMANUS (P. 324). 6,7, 10. L. DIEGENSIS (P. 327)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETIN 152 PEATE 154

1-3. LOPHOPANOPEUS LOCKINGTONI (P. 325). 4. L. LEUCOMANUS
(P. 324)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 155

1, 2. LOPHOPANOPEUS DISTINCTUS (P. 331). 3-5. IL. LOBIPES (P. 329)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 156

PANOPEUS HERBSTII. 1, 2. FORMA TYPICA (P. 335). 3. FORMA OBESA (P. 336)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 157

PANOPEUS HERBSTII. 1, 2. FORMA SIMPSONI (P. 337). 3. FORMA CRASSA (P. 336)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582.

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 158

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

1. PANOPEUS PURPUREUS (P. 344). 2.P. CONVEXUS (P. 352). 3. P. CHILENSIS
(P. 346)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 159

PANOPEUS PURPUREUS (P. 344)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582.
79856—30———49

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 160

PANOPEUS CHILENSIS (P. 346)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 161

PANOPEUS OCCIDENTALIS. 1, 3. FORMA SERRATA (P. 349).
2. FORMA TYPICA (P. 348)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 162

PANOPEUS RUGOSUS (P. 353)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582. {

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 163

PANOPEUS RUGOSUS (P. 353)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

1, 2,5. PANOPEUS HARTTII (P. 355).

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 164

3, 4,6. P. AMERICANUS (P. 357)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583.

U. S NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 165

PANOPEUS BERMUDENSIS (P. 360)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BUYER RING S2

PANOPEUS TURGIDUS (P. 364)

FOR EXPLANATION OF

PLATE SEE PAGE 583

PLATE 166

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEEGIN 152) PEATE 167

PANOPEUS BOEKEI (P. 365)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 168

1,2. NEOPANOPE TEXANA (P. 367). 3,4.N.T. SAYI (P. 369). 5,6.N.PACKARDII (P. 380)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 169

1, 2. HEXAPANOPEUS ANGUSTIFRONS (P. 384). 3-5. H. SCHMITTI (P. 393)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEERIN 152) SPEAR E 7G

1,2. HEXAPANOPEUS SINALOENSIS (P. 398). 3, 4. H. ORCUTT! (P. 397). 5, 6. H. PAUL-
ENSIS (P. 395)

FOR EXPLANATION OF FLATE SEE PAGE 584

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETRIN 152° PEARE 171

1, 2,6. HEXAPANOPEUS HEMPHILLII (P. 400). 3-5. H. CARIBBAEUS (P. 399)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEERIN 152) (PEATE Miz72

1, 2. EURYPANOPEUS ABBREVIATUS (P. 404). 3, 4. E. A. ATER (P. 407). 5-7. E. TRANS-
VERSUS (P. 407)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BU EE TING to2e sr = Ania des

12 EURNPANOPEUS DISSIMIEIS MP. Alin (S.-450=. DEPRESSUS (P2410).) 5.16. 0E-
OVATUS (P. 409)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

1-3. EURYPANOPEUS CRENATUS (P. 418).

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE

BULLETIN

1527 PEATE

4. E. OVATUS (P. 409)

PAGE 584.

174

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 175

1,2, 6. EURYPANOPEUS PLANISSIMUS (P. 421). 3-5. E. PLANUS (P. 420)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585,
79856—30——50

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEERIN 152) PEATE 176

1,2. EURYTIUM LIMOSUM (P. 423). 3. E. TRISTANI (P. A425)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 177

1, 2. EURYTMUM AFFINE (P- 425). 3. E. TRISTANI (P_ 425)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 178

1-3. MICROPANOPE SCULPTIPES (P. 428). 4-6. M. LOBIFRONS (P. 429). 7, 8. M. TRUN-
CATIFRONS (P. 433)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 179

1-4. MICROPANOPE XANTUSII (P. 438). 5, 6. M. X. TABOGUILLENSIS (P. 439). 7, 8.
M. PUSILLA (P. 431)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 180

1, 2. MICROPANOPE GRANULIMANUS (P. 439). 3, 4. M. POLITA (P. 440). 5,6.M.LATA
(P. 441). 7,8. M. XANTHIFORMIS (P. 442)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 181

1, 2. MICROPANOPE SPINIPES (P. 443). 3, 4. M. NITIDA (P. 448)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 182

1, 2. MICROPANOPE AREOLATA (P. 450). 3, 4. M. URINATOR (P. 451)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEEDINGS2. PEATE 183

1-3. MICROPANOPE URINATOR (P. 451). 4-6. M. CRISTIMANUS (P. 454). 7-8. RHI-
THROPANOPEUS HARRISII (P. 456)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 184

TETRAXANTHUS BIDENTATUS (P. 458)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 185

TETRAXANTHUS RUGOSUS (P. 459)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 186

CHLORODIELLA LONGIMANA (P. 462)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 187

XANTHIAS INORNATUS (P. 464)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 188

PARAXANTHIAS TAYLORI (P. 466)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 189

1. PARAXANTHIAS TAYLORI (P. 466). 2, 3. P. SULCATUS (P. 469). 4. P.INSCULPTUS
(P. 468)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 190

EUCRATODES AGASSIZII (P. 471)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 191

MENIPPE MERCENARIA (P. 472)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 192

MENIPPE MERCENARIA (P. 472)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUIEEE RIN T52) PE Ame 193

MENIPPE MERCENARIA (P. 472)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEERIN 152.52 EAnES 1S

Se

MENIPPE FRONTALIS (P. 477)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEE GIN 152) PEATE 195

MENIPPE FRONTALIS (P. 477)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUIEECERIN 152) (PEATE 196

. MENIPPE FRONTALIS (P. 477)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 197

MENIPPE OBTUSA (P. 478)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 198

1,2. MENIPPE OBTUSA (P. 478). 3. M. NODIFRONS (P. 479)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE.199

MENIPPE NODIFRONS (P. 479)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 200

1,2. PILUMNUS SAY!1 (P. 484). 3, 4. P. CARIBAEUS (P. 491). 5, 6. P. DASYPODUS
(P. 493). 7,8. P. SPINOSISSIMUS (P. 494)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 201

1-3. PILUMNUS XANTUSII (P. 486). 4-7. P. SAYI (P. 484). 8, 9. P. GRACILIPES (P. 499)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETMIN 152) (PEATE 202

1. PILUMNUS TOWNSENDI (P. 504). 2,3. P.DIOMEDEAE (P.501). 4,5. P. LONGLEYI
(Pees 02)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 203

PILUMNUS SPINOHIRSUTUS (P. 503)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 204

1.2. PILUMNUS TOWNSENDI (P. 504). 3, 4. P. GONZALENSIS (P. 505)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 205

1,2. PILUMNUSLACTEUS (P. 511). 3,4. P. FLORIDANUS (P. 507). 5,6.P.STIMPSONII
. (P. 524)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 206

1-4. PILUMNUS QUOY! (P. 510). 5. P. MIERSII (P. 510)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 207

1-3. PILUMNUS GEMMATUS (P. 513). 4, 5. P. PYGMAEUS (RSIS) 6h en Pe ePAN=

NOSUS (P. 514). 8,9. P. HOLOSERICUS (P. 519)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589.

52

7T9856—30

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 208

PILUMNUS LIMOSUS (P. 518)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 209

1-3. PILUMNUS LIMOSUS (P. 518). 4,5. P. RETICULATUS (P. 521)

FOR EXPLANATION CF PLATE SEE PAGE 590.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 210

1-6. PILUMNUS RETICULATUS FORMA FRAGOSA (P. 522). 7-11. P. R. FORMA TES-
SELLATA (P. 522)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152) PEATE 211

LOBOPILUMNUS AGASSIZII. 1, 2. FORMA TYPICA (P. 526). 3. FORMA PULCHELLA
(P. 526). 4. FORMA TRINIDADENSIS (P. 526). 5. FORMA BERMUDENSIS (P. 526)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590.

BUIECERIN 152) PEARE 212

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

5-8. H. CERATOPUS (P. 530)

1-4. HETERACTAEA LUNATA (P. 532).

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 590-591.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 213

HETERACTAEA CERATOPUS (P. 530)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEERIN 152) PEAGE 214

HETERACTAEA LUNATA (P. 532)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BU EE ETINE toa. PizAimE 215,

ACIDOPS FIMBRIATUS (P. 534)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591.

BULLETIN 152 PLATE 216

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

SS
OMB
oa

y

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x

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PILUMNOIDES PERLATUS (P. 535)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULCECETRIN 152) PLATE 217

1, 2. PILUMNOIDES HASSLERI (P. 537). 3. P. PERLATUS (P. 535)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 218

1, 2. PILUMNOIDES NUD!IFRONS (P. 538). 3.P. PERLATUS (P. 535)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 219

OZIUS VERREAUXII (P. 540)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 220

1,2. OZIUS RETICULATUS (P. 542). 3. O. VERREAUXII (P. 540)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591,

D2 SPP AnE 22

BULLETIN

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

(P. 544)

3, 4. O. AGASSIZII

le2 OZ S TPEREATUSs (Pa 5435)r

>

SEE PAGE 592.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 222

ERIPHIA GONAGRA (P. 545)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEE RIN wo ee Ashe 2s

ERIPHIA SQUAMATA (P. 550)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 224

:

1. ERIPHIA SQUAMATA (P. 550). 2-4. E. GRANULOSA (P. 551)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592.

Ee ——— ee eer eee

152) SPEEA E 225

BULLETIN

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

ERIPHIDES HISPIDA (P. 552)

SEE PAGE 592.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEETIN 152" (PEATE 226

a x

. &

4
1

2

ERIPHIDES HISPIDA (P. 552)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 227

DOMECIA HISPIDA (P. 554)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 228

1,2. TRAPEZIA CY MODOCE FERRUGINEA (P. 557). 3,4. T.c. MACULATA (P. 558).
T. DIGITALIS (P. 559)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592,

5.16:

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152. PLATE 229

QUADRELLA NITIDA (P. 561)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593,

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 152 PLATE 230

MELYBIA THALAMITA (P. 562)

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593.

—————e a

INDEX .

A Page
abbrevietus ater, Eurypanopeus---_-_-- 404, 407, 584
@onystoides==-.-.- 2220.2 174, 572
Eurypanopeus........--.--- 7, 404, 584
Panopeus!2- 2. s2-225--25-2<28 405
Cle eth obs OAC 12): Ei 251, 261, 575
Acanthistius patachonicus--_--.------------- 283
mMoanvuocycidaes. 2. =~ -ssss2s2222-oles_2-. 170
ACES NEN HOC CLETTY: aea 10, 149, 170
regi NOCYGlIs==ssetita sats pee Ss lL 170, 171
al batrossis===e==25 2. 7, 171, 172, 572
[oa es eae apa eS 172
may iene asec rh len! 171, 172, 572
1 UEKI (2) Oe a 171, 178, 572
WIIOSUSEee see eee een sess 172
acanthophorus, Neleus----.---------------- 553, 554
PAMNTIDN Steet ere ne ST eles 481
Spino-hirsutus-----------.-.. 481, 503, 504
Scan Luss p@anceressne wi s8e ko 255. 261
IACNOLOUS Eten ae sane ee a enna 33, 35, 62
BOUIN in AUS seek Ae eT 2d 56
RUEENIS See ae nee on aS ee 80
BNCEPS asses eee oe sse se 42
STOWAM ANS! ess See ee cere 68
@epressiirons=..—2- Sse 2 eee 84
OST ieee meee tee SNe eS 2 49
OLGWaAVIe ee shat oe norte el, 71
ANAMIGHSISto- ose es es es Lee te Sores 58
PER DOE rae ee hed A 139
REDAG RS tee as a eases hoe een 79
Spimicarpus=s-2.-- -a2eae2 22 oa 92
Spinlinan des sas 63
Spinmanws2 == — ee eee hee 62, 68
SMG Hee ae eee eee 63
EANSVOLSUS==--- 2-525 -2225225es7 25 56
MIDeLCOlatihS =. 2 = ss Se ees 90
PUMMMAG USS = es 8 ees: BES ee 142
EAN PUSH Se fecal a oe see 50
PA CIAO Sie ok nes eso see owas ees 239, 533
fimbriatus==--2 62 2. =e oe 533, 534, 591
NAG ERA er ern a) ee PS 234, 250, 263
GAM TNA ee ees nese ee 251, 261, 575
MPI TISIS Ses aoe ae a A 266
BM EUSUA 2 Ue a a ee 7, 251, 256, 575
DMTOOSe sees aoe so =k Ses 7, 251, 255, 575
LO Vile ets ee 7, 251, 254, 575
EGS Aaa eee Sa SL esi nese asses 263
ATNOUT UL ees ee ee en 464
RAD RTPI CAN e se eles ek eS 266
Par BY Cen ee eh a Pea ek eS 260
ATOR TA) CO ee eee ne ee oe 266
TL OSes Re ee So ee oe 257
aMlMOnIeE- see ee eS ee 251, 260, 575
(Psaumis) maeandrina--------------- 267
mnogMunCtataess-assnse22- osha cones ne 257
modosass522"-=-2 7, 251, 257, 575
Varemodosass ss. 2: 22. .2 257

79856—30. 54

Page

Actaga: savignil oie ie Ree 250

setiger_._._-. Sheet Meee 7, 250, 251, 254, 575

spiniferas. 222.222 2-44-<2 es ee 262

SUlCRT ae se Ae 7, 251, 259, 575

yermiculatass:— <4. 232 ee eee 267

SA ctaeodes 2. Ya. eee ee oe keno eee 250

MCXICANUS 24 ee eae. oe ee 311, 313

tOmentosus= 2-5 eee 250

actumnoides, Nupilumnus- -._.---.---------- 481

aculeatus; Cancer... 3 ee ee 484

IPilGmnUSs=.- 22s. soe eee 484, 491

ACUOLIN AGUS WA CHELOUSS sa ae eee a ere 56

Neptunus. --2 263 eee ee 56

Portunus (Portunus) -------------- 34,

53, 56, 57, 58, 566

acutidens, Callinectes sapidus--..---------------- 6,

98, 99, 100, 110, 111, 569

afiine, Hurytinme:2-2) = eee 423, 425, 585

affinis, ‘Achelous:.- 22.0 522 225522 eee ees 80

Panopeuss 222 foes ee eae eee 426

Portunus (Achelous)---------- 36, 80, 83, 568

africanus, Callinectes=2=--.s=sos= =e ae 123, 127

Platyonichuss =< .2 == ee een eae 24

agassizii bermudensis, Lobopilummnus---_----_- 526

Mucratodes2.2 2 eee 470, 471, 587

forma bermudensis, Lobopilumnus--__526,

529, 590

forma pulchella, Lobopilumnus-_--_--_- 526,

529, 590

forma trinidadensis, Lobopilumnus__526,

529, 590

forma typica, Lobopilumnus------ 526, 590

Weptogioss = -ss seen 7, 297, 307, 309, 579

obopilumnus=s3s22 a= eeee secs 525, 526

OZIUS =: 2222252 ee eee 540, 544, 592

PAlgMNUS Soe es eee ee oe ee 526

var. bermudensis, Lobopilumnus.. 626

albatrossis, Acanthocyclus_-_-------- 7, Lal, L72) 572

alecocki, ioxanthodessoess-sse- eee ae 466

Paraxanthiss®---2s5— Se eee 466

Trach ycarcinuseyse---- ae ene 165

Trichopeltanium esses eee 165

ANDRAS par VILLUS = sec. =o =e nee ee eee 307
(A NOUS Ein 2 oe on oe ee eee 17

Pagurus: e223 eee ee eee 176

amaeneus;) CanCehec suena naa aee eee ane 198

ambiguus, Platyeorystes-=—-~--=--= === See 150

americana, Clangula clangula----_---------- 365

Daira do. i Se ese 268, 576

americanus, ChilorogiusS= 222.5 -sen5-e-seee 305

HupsnopeusS===-- -- seen eee 357

Leptodiss. 2225252 --2se2en sees 305

Panopeus-sccsese-=--5 333, 343, 357, 583

KManthodius 36 Jesse ee anon sane 305

BIMNGentIS;, CaNCens nae e eae eee eee ae 178, 181

amphioetus, Cancer----------- 177, 180, 205, 209, 573

595

596 INDEX
Page Page
Amphitrite: 2-22-2205 2-2 sosouo ets et 83! || Bathynectes_-22 2222... 2- 22) “ese eee eee 13, 27
depressifrons=2--=2-=) essere 84 brevispinaz:--22- 222-422-2225 28
edwardsil!.¢ 35.80 tee ey, 139 longispina 2222 Seen ee 28
Ornatales oo. Pe eS ee 371 Supebbas 222222 ee eee 27, 28, 564, 565
paucispinisss ses ae ee 58 4}} beebei, Pilummnus:. 22.22.2222 225-cee eee 438
trispinosas sees eee ee 130: |‘ bella; Xanthov 2222-3 = ae eee eee 320
anceps; Achelous>- 25-0222 2-- seo ae eS BO) Deligs 22 ces ce ee cee 10, 170, 175
Dupesites 2 oe ee cena eee eee 42 Pictacsiioi se Sle Sees 175, 572
INeptinis so ee ee 42'))'«bellicosa,slapacke: 2-2" ae 2s eee 42, 112
Portunus (Achelous) = 222-2222 42;82 || -bellicosus, Callinectes:_....------2--2 2-222 6, 98,
@ortunus)222 = 34, 42, 82, 565 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 112, 569
‘Anchilopsiesseeskens. 2252525. Ue 250)4) *Bellidaes.-sé52225 & =e ea eS 170
andrewsii; Pilummnusiye2228 523222 443 445 \\\) (Bellidéa. lac oscstee 42 170
angolensis, Actaea 2-22 322-222 =0-2esee ; 266)'1) SBellingee 222222 i ae 70
angusta; A Ctaeaesscasssasse5 Soe aee ae W208; 256,070. ||) Dellus, Carpilodes: 22. - 3224 === es eee ee 241
angustifrons, Hexapanopeus---_---- 383, 384, 393, 583 Lophopanopeus-------- 319, 320, 323, 580, 581
Panopeusss22523 ee eee ete 384 Mophoxanthuss-seseen--- eee 320, 324, 325
angustus, Portunus (Achelous) ___-- 6, 35, 36, 70, 567 Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus)-__-_-_- 320
ManthodesS#s-s22s224 4-02 Wee ee 433 var., Lophopanopeus--_-------------. 319
AMISOPUS2¢ 22525222222 5=2 252. ahs ore 18 | bermudensis, Eupanopeus-._--------------_- 360
punctatus 2.222.242 4 eee 24 | bermudensis, Lobopilumnus agassizii__-._-_- 526
trimeaculatusse. 225s 2 eee eee 24 agassiziiforma. 526,
annulipes, Cancer edwardsi var_.-._----_---- 193 629, 590
antennanias iC ancerie == —) 2) se eee 210 agassizii var... 526
antennarius, Cancer-_------ 178, 179, 210, 212, 218, 573 IPanopeuS-=2-=-2-- 2 eee id's
anthonyi; Cancer22¢ ---=2-4_.-- 177, 180, 205, 218, 574 334, 360, 365, 394, 583
apodus, Neomaenis-_-_---- 48, 73, 86, 144, 490, 499, 503 var. sculptus, Eupanopeus..-. 360
‘Aratu:Pinima+=2--22-22--- --- eee 237) ebicornis; GOmeza. 2222 oe ee eee 10
arcuatus, Callinectes_ 6,99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 121,569 | bidens, Arenaeus__--.---------_-.--_--_--__- 137
VATONaeUSY S222 hee = 2 = OS Pee 14,134 | bidentatus, Tetraxanthus_-_-------- 453, 458, 459, 586
bidensi.!< isan. 2.2 We ae ee 137 Xanthodessc. 252.2. sean 458
eribrariuss--= +222" GiMlSs SS eB7 138,000 0) MUONS, A CLACR esos eee eee 7, 251, 255, 57
THEXICANUSi 42 = SP 6, 137, 570 Ectaesthesius:...2: 83s awe eee 460
areolata, Micropanope-_-_--.------- 427, 449, 450, 586 Manthoss o22 2.3 5 Se ee 278
areolatus) PanvpeusSsaesses-e eee ease eee a ee gor » | Diocellata, Iuupas2: = => = + eee 7
argentatus, Warus:-- 2242-22 --seeeere ee aoe 25)) |) bipustulatus, Ovalipes...--= 5+. s2seeeeaenee 24
Neptunus gladiator var_______-_- 36 Platyonichus2 =o Seana 24
armata, Banarelas--2225- 22. hee a eee 250) |/bispinosus,,Croniusse--o- 242 =) eee 142
rip h igs ss ~ 20 see eke See ae 546 OBluercrab: 2 see se 2 eee 99
armatus,;Corystoidesset== <= cae a eee 127 eBOCOss chs Wen es oe Ls 199
Pseudocorystess soe eee eens LL Sie DOCOUrtI» Callinectesi2cee- ose eee 6, 99,
asper: Neptunus: 22. ee lo ee eee 56 100, 101, 102, 103, 128, 129, 569
Portunus (Portunus) ---------- 30,100;/00,,0068)!| DOOKel. -banOpeuSss=2--—- ae ee 334, 365, 583
‘Attelecyclidaest i. 3h ee 5, 7,9, 10,148 | borealis, Cancer_-------- 6, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 194
‘Attelecy clinaess- eae es . SE 148.149" iieBrachyenatha 22s. s2.-- 23a ee 8
Atelecyclus/chilensis=:<2225 0222 - ee 149 S160Nu Brachiyrhwn Chal oo. sss. o= ae pee eee ene 5, 8, 10
cruentatus-2ee. Sib ee oe Be nee Eek CE YUL Ea ee 8
dilatatus_._...---- Ma ERM EJ. 302 149 orbataJ:.--0 eee 170
rotundstuss 22s eee 149) I bradleyi, Eupanopeus_._ = =~. === 346
undecim@dentatusisses see sees 149 iPanopeusy... 226 4 eee 346
ater, Eurypanopeus abbreviatus-_-__-___- 404, 407, 584 | branneri, Cancer___----------- 178, 179, 205, 211, 573
Atergatis cristatissimo__-=--+.- 2242232. 2- 2228 248) lsbrasiliensis) etluminuss sss ee 491
rotundatuss232325- = 248 |) brevimanus, Aichelous.2-2-2------ saeeeeee 68
Surimanus, sPOrtunussessa sae ee eee 71 Portunus (Achelous) ----------- 6, 35,
B 36, 68, 69, 70, 567
brevispina,. Bathynectes--__- .- -- ee 28
bahamensis, Portunus (Achelous)-----_- BENOO;568) li ufowis fee = 458
palssi; Trach yeanrcints: 2 0-2) anew eee 165) MipullatussCancer..22.-.2.--.../-see ee 205
TB AN ALOR His i34 2 ate A ee Ral ek tae lee 250
srmatas soso 5 lee ee pie e 250 Cc
Ibanksii} Wipe 2-22 a = en ee ee ee 62
barbadensis, Micropanope-_--_-------------- 428,446 | californiensis, Cycloxanthus__------------- 292, 294
Pils 2 ees ee eee 446) \lWa@allinectes= 2222 =-22--/2. = ese eee 14, 98
banbicer, Gecarcinviss:- 222-28 ses ee 286 efricanus: 244542202 22 ee 123, 127
iParaxanthus! 2. eee 286, 578 arcuatus__ 6, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 121, 569

i i i i i

INDEX 597

Page . Page

@Wallinectesbellicosus22. 2245-4052 eee 6; 9855 |, Cancer maenas.._-..2-----2 2-222 ee 15
99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 112, 569 TMAPISterseeas se eee 177, 179, 205, 222, 227

bocourtis< 2220 See eee soe 6, 99, MArinis|SCuviOrMIS == ee eee 79

@ 100, 101, 102, 103, 128, 129, 569 SUICATUS!: 222-5322. 15
CAVONNCNSIS==2- <5 ooo act ee 129, 130 MOrCenanias-n- 2-2 eo ee 472
Gande: 222-2. soe ee eee 6, 98, ministus: 2222 eh eee 274

99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 118, 569 MIGSLTUMUS = = 22s 243
discanthuse:-cse = ee et 98, mnovae-zelandise.- 2-222. 5 ee 193

99, 112, 118, 121, 123, 127, 128 Ocellatusi eae Ae ee ee ee 19

GQUDIGe rae Sates esa a 121, 122 OFCZONENSIS2 2 — sees nee 178, 180, 226, 574
O@XASPEFALUS 22: 226-4 ee 99, DACUTUISSo- See es See ee eae 176
100, 101, 102, 103, 129, 130, 131, 569 MANOPOs set e- 2 eck sees ae 335, 369

INAS CATS Ea cee eas ee ee nt ene eg 99 DAaLVUlUSs 22 =e eee 305, 307, 404
lamvatus. . << 2 22cese 5 tee 123, 124, 125 pelagicus. ~ 22. =ss-2--o-aoeeeee 133
datimanuss.s == eee noe 128 Perlatus=..=2- 95252522 -2 5 aes 203, 268
Marinas. 2-2 ee 99, plébeluss ac 2.025 252-5-252 5 eee 198
100, 101, 102, 103, 123, 131, 569 plebejus_ _--- 6, 178, 180, 198, 199, 201, 572, 573

Var eatvatiseess--— 123 polyodon-=---=-222-.-= 178, 179, 202, 572, 573
MIviduss--stesee Pet Ee ee 121, 122 POLterize===--2--s-=—— 6, 178, 180, 199, 201, 573
ORME UUSE ose eS = se ee 98, PLOGUCHUISS == -——e=ea— 177, 180, 203, 205, 206
100, 101, 102, 103, 114, 124, 131, 569 PY ZIMACUS He = 2 ee ee ee 205

MIQUE CICUSS es eee ees oS 121 DYSMCUSs-=- 2-5 eee ee 205
ODES GUS Been eee na ene 127 TUM Phil! 22226 ee ee 479
sapidus- . 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 129, 569 Savigniiis 2. 222 Sa 2 eee 250
ACItIdeNSh see ae a 6, 98, SAYii< 222252 ao oe ee 181

99, 100, 110, 111, 569 SOLOS US sees ra ee ee 202

SDCCIOS Ee tone eee eee ae Le 121 Spectabilis..- = 22-2 2 a2 aee eae 247
toxotes__-_ 6, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 127, 569 SD LW E01 AUS eee roe 274
GuTn US seen eae ee 131, 569 undecimdentatus ___...-._-_-___--.__ 149
CPO eee 5, 176, 177, 179 VelmiCulatuS===-eese=a= sane anaes 266
BGAN GMUS es ten cas ce ae ee oa 2610s Can Cen 42s ee aee ee aera ee 133
COMER TUSrsceee oe eee a een Ag4. | Ganceridae:--5 2220-2, (oe ee eee 233
MINAONOUS = ses as sas on ot JOR) Cancridae-] =2.-- ae ncesee ne see 5, 6, 9, 176
BINOCHUS 222 se ae. na soo eee 178518) CaNCroidicraDe=—— anaes 5
amphioetus-___--_------ 177, 180, 205, 209, 573 | Cancroidea Corystidica_-.-----__.-___------ 170
BNUCOMMAN As ns oee st he ee ne ee 210), |) Gapitata, eocllopora==--——2-- === ee 533
antennarius---__-_- (Sp Lios 210) 2120218 beau) CALCIO CS 2 sea anna ame one ee 13, 14
anthonyis ose esse lees 177, 180, 205, 218, 574 MMACNASs= oon nae ne ees 7, 14,15
porealises2 22225. 6, Wii 7S; OnSite 2 104. iG Sx CLALIT Oe ame ee eens 13, 14
PraAMNeK a = ote eo sess DZS pp LZO N20 2 Liles Te CAE CLEARS (sees 14
HWA tS tse ook Son es 205 erTanUlatus= = see acecs nena e ee ee 15
CHOITAZONUS eae ese ea 8 eon toe 150 MBONASS oa oaae nea nee ee eo 15
@irigAMOas 9. s8G- ooo eae a ot os 23 WOON AS oe a ne ee ee 15
MORAMIN MS eens oa oe a ak 240) ||| caribaeus; Chlorodius=.2---2--- se eee 462
OTON SUIS See ae eee ae ES 198 iPiluminis!s-ce- ee see eee 483, 491, 502, 588
ASANT Sys aes ahr a eB Pa fin A Sa a 268 | caribbaea, Micropanope-----.---..__.----._- 399
Gbaira)speriatusss 2 s- 52st eee 268 | caribbaeus, Eurypanopeus------_-_-_------- 399
Gempatusseeresce eee ee 202, 205, 573 Hexapanopeus.__---._-_-_- 384, 399, 534
Bd WalGsleasss- sae ee ee ee 193; |! @arplilius.<--<2- 2-22--=22.2 50 eee 234, 239
War. annulipes: == =-----+--- 193 CINCHIMANUS \2ea— see ae eee 241
edwardsil-------.--=- 6, 178, 180, 193, 572, 573 Copa NUS eee ae ees 240, 479, 574
VAG San Olip esse ea. eee 193 maculatus *—o22 atone ee Sees 239

fOLCRD Sia e ne ee eee Se ee ae 1380s Gaxpilodestsc 22-2 a--- eee an eee 235, 241, 466
TOSS ALIS Same stee es So a ee 250 bellus.=+ 2-5 esos eee 241
isp pa ieee Se ee 211 cinctimpanus=—2- =.= -osen ae 242, 574
POMACT ALE see eee ee Ete 545 tristi8: — 2 sonkencekeek= ose see 241
eNOS eee eee W719, 2190574 |f Garpiloxamtnuse: oss ose seen eee eee 241
PTATO ATS] sea ee nee os ae os SS 15, 250 VWalllantianuse aoe see 241
hastatus 2 eet ke | ee 37,,62;'99: | CarpopOnus:=..-22 = =e =k eee 235, 269
irroratus... 177, 180, 182, 183, 193, 198, 222, 573 panwlosus. 33... eee 269, 271, 576
JORG Ana sees se ele 178, 180, 205, 215,574 | cayennensis, Callinectes___...-__.__---_-_- 129, 130
Tobea OF hb eee fe oe 246° |) Geratoplaxieilista.2- 22220 525-2 ene eee ee 534
limiosa aes 4022 2242-8 23S shoo ee 423 | ceratopus, Heteractaea_-_....-------_-_- 7, 530, 591
NOM a iit ae gs oe ee Se eee 247 Pilommus22 ose as sa eee 530
NONPL OS ert eae Sees See See ee 190 D7 Guar DOORS 22 seen ene oye eee 138
Jnederwaldti.--=--22--— 1, 6, 178, 179, 200, 573 Cd wardsits 65. 2.3 sas Se 139
Maculatiss ss sosea- == Sa eee eee 239 PUD 2o205 soon eee ee ee 139

598 INDEX
m Page Page
Charybdella tumidula__---------------.----- 142 | Corystes (Trichocera) gibbosula_--.------... 211
(GHEIDR ONG Sena 150))|\t Conystidae= esas == seat ea= ane eee 5, 8, 10, 148
@helravonidse*. sess ae een een naan ene 148 | Corystidica, Cancroidea_-_-.---.------------- 170
@heiragoruis) ses = te AEE ee 150 || Gorystions= 22 eee- oe eh ae 10
cheiragonuse ssssseee ener ee 150. |f @Conystold estes. —-——- eee eee eee 10
hippocarcinoides-_----..----.--- 150) |) Corystoidess = 5232s oa ene 10, 170, 173
isenbeckiisetessaaseeeemesnenee 155 abbreviatise2..0ul sso 174, 572
cheiragonus, Cancer--.---------------------- 150 armatus: soos Soe eee 12
@heiragontis###ss50 sss sen eee 150 chilensiss3.c3--222-s-— 7, 173, 174, 572
IPIAty COLvVSUeSe aoe e = ene eee 150 Scranchiana eu passs—=sseseen see ae ee ene eee 37, 41
Pelemessus esses orcas ee oe ence ae 150 | crassa, Paunopeus herbstii forma-__.-.--------- ie
chilensis, Atelecyclus.-------.------------- 149, 160 334, 335, 336, 338, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 582
Corystoidesi22s2-—22s220-~ UeioelvA, O72 || NCrassusi"b ANODCUS= =a e= sate ean aen ae eeen ae 335, 337
Wa psno Desa ssaesse =a aeeeaen nee 346 | crenatus, Eurypanopeus-.-....---- 403, 404, 418, 584
IPANODCUSs ee eo anes e een en 334, 346, 582 Pan0pels!222e suo eet ene een ae 418, 419
PETRI aee en ee eee eee 178 Kanthoz se ee estes ce 418
@hlorodiclaees see senaeneane ana ana 237,462 | crenulatus, Platyxanthus 7, 279, 280, 281, 283, 576, 577
NONPIMBN A Sevens te tet saree 426, 687 | cripitans scotti, Rallus_-.........----.------ 341
JONPIMGNUS Sees eee eee an AG ZN CET oer) ches gel a ere eee eee eee 135
CMOTOCIUS aera aaa ae eae 462 AUD Cs sar tae eae ae eee ee 134
AMOLICANUS! saseas cee nonaen eee 305 | cribrarius, Arenaeus--------- 6, 184, 135, 137, 138, 570
Can DROS eee se ee ena ee 462 Neptunus: 22222422022 2eee 2 resco 135
CUS Pate eee a eee ene 244 Portunuss sso sss eee ee 134
Od Ward Slesessen sn se enema eee 303 || cristatissimo, Atergatis.-----.2=---2-=----o—= 248
(SHAN ER So ee eee tee 296, 297 | cristimana, Micropanope---_----------.---- 454, 586
ELS CGE] ee ee en eee 301 | cristimanus, Micropanope--.--------------- 427, 454
fisheries sess sane ee eet oneweee 301 ParapluMnusssses. see ee ae 482
floridanuss:222 2222232222202 2k 297 S00 COLO TIT ee ee cere ne ee eee 138
ATOPIC UNS see se ea ae eeee ee ee AG2.'|) (OroniuSte tae ease ca scee eee ee ee eae oe 14, 138
DUETS Ulsan eee 297 IDISPINOSUSe se tae aa ee ees 142
lonpIManUSSs sate see nee eens 462 edwardslis2oy Sass ee eee 139
MACUIAUUS seee eee ene 295 millers eee ee es eee 139
TLIO eee ee ee een eee 462 TUDOR! see se ae 7, 188, 139, 142, 143, 570
MOGOSUSseacsee ee sas eeaeere= =e 302 Gumidmluss see seceses eae 139, 142, 144, 570
OCCIOONtAUS == seeeenen manasa nana 301’ |) cruentatus) A telecyclus*22s2 seen -n-e ae 149
SanpWiMeOUSessse es eees anes e eee 302 IN@ptUNUS es -eeos see sees se ae ene 71
chrysurus; OcyunuSs--22--e so ee ca seeaceenae 87299) | MO Lenophthalmuse sees se sa anion sae 31
Clliata, Celatoplaxess.s--naeeae eee Raa GBs || y Clie ee ee eer eee 170
cinctimana, Liomera---------------------- 2Al 242 NO ¥ClODIO DAS seers sae ae a en eae 250
cinctimanus, Carpilodes_--.-.--------- 241, 242, 574 SOMO 22 ese eee eee 250
@irivA OR ease eee ne een ean ee neeaas 118' | Cyclometopous crabsss--2-2sesesae—— ase eee 5
OD eee enone eae 134 eC ycloxanthopseersessssse— ese nee 234, 289
Clangula clangula americana---------------- 365 denticulatus_.-_ -- ie era 314
@lorod 0S oe re oes oe eae ae ees 462 novemdentatus-_-._----- 290, 292, 578
COCOSaNs, WAOMClaiesennes eae e a ce meee mna 242 TUGOSA2 2822 eae 292, 293
(WoenophthalmUssesess== senor neemee eee 13, 30 sexdecimdentatus --_------- 290, 578
tridentatas= cesses aea 30, 31, 565 “Stimpson sees nance ee eee 315
cokeri, Platyxanthus__.---.----- 7, 279, 280, 283, 577 VittatuSseee cso cse tee 290, 291, 578
Common’ edibleicrabeso see osesean tees =e OORO2 27 NC ycloxanthiss seseenee seen a a eee eee 289
Conchoderma virgatum----.-.--..---------- 39 sexdecemdentatus ------------- 290
convexus, Eupanopeus----..--...----------- 352 sexdecemlineatus-------------- 290
IPANOpOUSs= ce s=ee eee 7, 334, 335, 352, 582 sexdecimdentatus - .__--------- 289
PIUMINUS esas see nee ene 352 Vittattise eee ae eee 292
Portunus (eontus) 2-222 ee eee 33 | eymodoce ferruginea, Trapezia-__--------- 557, 592
Cookson; Weptodiusss2ccsee-- 7, 297, 310, 579 maculata, Trapezia----- 556, 557, 558, 592
Corall'Crab ee ee ssa Jas 240 TMrapezide=-22- esses eee eee 556, 557
Corallina, Trapenales scene a ewe canes oe ne 559), |e Gy mopoliidaes et sees san ate e nee ee 9
corallinus:!Cancera-ss--sc5 so-5-eeaetaaeaee 240
Garpiliia 2711. cok Same 240, 479, 574 a
MrachyCarcinus=sc-osene-se OL GAL Gr (ill | MnO) SUN Slee ee a eee eee 235, 268
coronata, Oiundrellarete scenes ones 560, 561 americana 22222222 la anae 268, 576
coronatus; Cancerso ao. 55. oe aes an eae e oe 198 TOD C Gate aa ee eee ae 268
COnVBUOS oe sa ae eee cee ene emer ae 1On |e Gaira Ancol sass sae ae en ane eee ee - 268
(Anisopus) punctata_.------------- 18,24 | danae, Callinectes_ 6, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 118, 569
trimacnlatale = s. =-—- 24 | danai, Pilumnoides_------------------------- 535
SICATINS =e ett ater ee eee een 12 | dasypodus, Pilumnus-_------------ 482, 493, 495, 588
Spinulosam=s 2 so ccsee see ae eens nee 1600)|) Decapoda tess eee nee nee ee 8

INDEX 599
Page Page
dentatusaCancer-2-2 2 nooo se 202, 205,573 | Eriphia laevimana var. smithii__..__--.._- 546, 550
platy carcintiseasess sso ee ee 202 spinifrons: 2=s2sss2<tk-s6 a5 55-25 2225 545
Trichocarcinus sees soe 2 bt 205 Squamatea==--4-2255- os 7, 545, 550, 552, 592
denticulata,; Xanthos. 2----bss2--- =<. -58 S15/ | ghrp bidesiese 20s 225. 25535525 eee 239, 552
denticulatus, Cycloxanthops-_..._-------.___- 314 hispida tse ee 504, 552, 592
AN PHO ere pee se eae ee 3142) erosa; 7A Claas Stee sees ee eee 263
Mentitrons, Urapezia= 2-22. -----c ess. 556 | erosus, Glyptoxanthus-------------- 7, 267, 263, 575
epressifrons, AChelOUS 22. = o22o 0525255222. 5 8451) (hieratode@s2. 28. 2-25 s55-2 os aoe ee 236, 470
Neptunus (Achelous)_______-- 84 APACSI ZIT Goh saa ee 470, 471, 587
Porcunus) (Achelous))-2++35,.84.90 568" ||| wHnetenotas= ates eer e nee e ee ee 134
depressus, Eurypanopeus---_-- 404, 410, 411, 412, 584 MOXICANA oe eee es 134, 137
Pan OW CUS sees aera eee eee 410\))) dtu panopeuS 2-32-4525 -- sone ae 333
IDI pin AR Se se ee 483, 506 AMeCLCaNUS .—.2-—25 se eee 357
Gextrom: Fi yvpopeltarivims.—- 2222-2 ak 2 2 161 bermudensis= 224-35 eee 360
IPOltanlOoneseee = oes See 160, 161, 571 var. sculptus____- 360
Miacantha, PeOruuniise-see- eee ease ea 99 bradleyis == a eee Se 346
diacanthus, Callinectes_.......-..._-__-...- 98, chilensiS=—-2255- 3 ee 346
99, 112, 118, 121, 123, 127, 128 CODVWOXUS== 25 oses5 ee 352
MICATIOHG GUPALecessc seco oes ws Sa ed 99, 118 Harthie 5 2222222 See se eee 356
Wi pOne es <5 Seo oe es 99, 118 herbstii var. or subspecies minax
diegensis, Lophopanopeus.- -------- BIO 82 BOTA bS lah Geet oe AG.» 2th ee ee eee 335, 336
G@IPILALS wrrapezlas—=~ 2s sss5e5256 55 2= 557, 559, 592 occidentalis!-=== a es 348
ailatatus, A telecy Glus2= 226 522 22-2525. 2 Ses 149 SerratuS=..co225 se ee 348
diomedeae, Pilumnus.-._......-...----. 483°'501/589 1) Muphylaxsssssesesss tose eae e ee eee ee 14, 143
GisparnC@ MOLOGLUS- 22s -cesaccesssaoace eee ee 244 ovals ee eee 148, 147, 148, 570
MODLOUIHS tees ase cos cence naneca soe 244 TODUStUS=scceo=-—oeeeeee 147, 148, 570, 571
Wiomera.. so so2 22 Ses solse5ssseces=25 244 }| “Enpilumnuss 2 28220222 s ea ooe ee eee 481, 553
Paraliomeras sess sssss-sasee5e 243, 244, 574 actnimnoides 22.5 see- ees = 481
Parsxanthias=- 2 os2 soso Joccanccess= 466 websteris22.223- See 553, 554
dissimilis, Eurypanopeus---.---------- 4045411, 584" || “Wuryalas. scott esi 2224 alee eee ene 10
IPANGpOUS 22-22 oo 2- sta e ase as 2 411) |) Muryalidae:tsesstacsce sss aee eee 5, 8, 10
distinctus, Lophopanopeus------------ 320, 331, 581 | Eurypanopeus---------------- 236, 333, 383, 403, 471
POMBE UI Ae aoe eee eee ae eee eases 553 abbrevidtus==2s22 7, 404, 584
OHIAGC IIS tenet amie fer RU moe see 553 ater: 20% 2 404, 407, 584
DUG TUTTO ss ca ea len pea ta at 239, 553 Caribbasussc2se 2s eee 399
ISMN eee Sse eee es 7, 553, 554, 592 Crenatuse sees seen 403, 404, 418, 584
Womeécie hérissées 222 oo S52 Nl = ee ats oe 554 depressus_-_---- 404, 410, 411, 412, 584
WWOMOECNe son aa aes o oe coecesabeeesscn 553 dissimilishuSsssessees 404, 411, 584
MONI PACLRCH 2c soos esas ateeencss 7, 251, 254, 575 OVatUS 222222222 7, 404, 409, 584
Wuaplylaxsss.-+s2s2on2s-ss-— 143, 147, 148, 570 parvulusz222224_se0 ree See 405
ROM Aare ene ee ante een a ane een see 149 peruvianus-2—2 S2se2 = ee ene 418
HBT OYHISCON Sone ee no asec sconce emas 8 planissimuspes---e == 404, 421, 585
ipa GUlIneGCles == 4. = -5- sone eee sae 121, 122 planus*<2s.22. 22 404, 420, 585
MuchHssseni. IMMIpGh o222-2+--=2-----------~— 42, 46 tEansVersussss225 ees 407, 409, 419
Burytitm: 26 22 2eeet ies aS ae eee 238, 422
E ANINGM ee oo Se ane oe ne 423, 425, 585
Pe THES THGSIES se ee oe a ne ee he 235, 460 lim@spim2 S255 243228 7, 422, 423, 425, 585
BIRD erena Deets cere en ne oa ee ae 99, 222 tristani Se esae tose anne 7, 423, 425, 585
Paw aridsti@sn Coben soos a seen eee 193° il! Buxanthodess 22 o2e2555222 52 Sse eae eee 250
WhOrodiS ==) tena ee eee ee 303 granulatus*ss cee eo See 250
var. annulipes, Cancer-_----------- 193) i ,exara tus. @HIGrOGlUSse. ease eae 296, 297
BAWALOSH -AIMDnItriLe..-----=---=-=----<- 139 eptodius: 222-22 eae ee 296
@ancer-----=s-—- 6, 178, 180, 193, 572, 573 var. sanguinea, Xantho-_----------. 303
@harybdella-—2s-25-2- -..55-2-==- 139 var. sanguineus, Leptodius-_----_--- 303
(Proniviss ce see ne eco rea see eat eee 130g); exasperata; Lipeasst2fe223 ssa See eae 130
IRIStycarcinUstssss.-so-noe sso 193 | exasperatus, Callinectes_....-..--.----------- 99,
var. annulipes, Cancer__.-------- 193 100, 101, 102, 103, 129, 130, 131, 569
Ritts selorusetes: _ ..-2-=--22s-=----—----= iyAbal ep F
plegans) Paraxanthias..- -—<~_..-.-s-22n-2-=s5 466
EI LONIRCIG Manes eee ae ae 386 | ferruginea maculata, Trapezia_--.----------- 558
IM ACRUIS te non en a eee eee eee 149, 155 (Prapeviat ss 222 se see ea eseeeaeae 557, 558
ISON DECK 2s 222 saesscosescenee 155, 571 Cymodocessssss-eees-- 557, 592
PSIEIS iG eee ee ee eee ene nee 239, 545 | ferrugineus, Grapsillus_........---.---------- 557
FN 0121: We RI a ag Pe 646) )| “fimbriatus, Acidops222sosascs. oe sea= 533, 534, 591
PONACTA ee ate cae ae 7, 5450650, 552) 002. | fischert, ChlorodiuSs:ces--+acse-seecensns—ese 301
STAN UIOSAP Sane senna een B455551602) i fisheri, Chlorodigss--22s0-2ssSee ee eonacescee 301

600 INDEX
Page Page
floridanus; Chloroditis#-c-ues essen eee e ones 297,305: || ‘granulatus, Cancer< 5222-22 52s. sees 15, 250
POptodiuss eee sae ese eee 7, 297, 301, 579 Carcintss= 225542 3-2 eee 15
Ovalipes ocellatus_-.---.---.-_... 23, 25 Huxanthodes 2 seeeen es eee 250
Pilgminuslesesssesseee 483, 507, 510,589 | granulimanus, Micropanope---- 7, 427, 428, 439, 586
Portunus (Achelous) -------_- 35, 82, 568 Pilamnuseseseeee ee eee 439
forceps; Cancers <2- <2 252a 22 Sas ea see eee asses 133 Man thigssssoeewen seen ee 439
WUDO coon en sole eee seen aaa 133) }| "granulosa; Eriphigessesssssseee ee eeoe 545, 551, 592
Tupellassee scat ae eee eS eee 132, 133, 569 TLophactaca =. Sate ae iene 246
Mehy bigsecen ots) sane en Eom ene 562, 563 Platypodia se sense esa 246
LOLMOSA, WPLADOZin eo et noe eae eens ee 559 | granulosus, Panopeus herbstii-..____.---__.. 335
fossulatusi@ancers 2 a5 sce see ee nee “250 XQ THO A VPRO SEPLe aes 246
IPRAUINISSesea ase tee eens oe eens 250) 4|"Grapsidags 2322222 2 =s se. oes SU ae ae oe 9
fragosa, Pilumnus reticulatus forma_-.-_ 484, 522,590 | Grapsillus.....__..._.._...---_.______-_-_---_- 556
fravOsus eilWmMNnSee sees sae eee ene 521 fOVTUPINEUS SH 2 Eke ew ee 557
frontalis, Lophopanopeus_------------- 319, 323, 581 MACHIAIS=2s2s=ssss5 eee 556, 558
Trophoxanthuses- sees eo eee 323) 1] (Green crab ssss25>2 see ss. Seek ee eee 15
Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus)---. 823 | griseus, Neomaenis______-_.__._-----___-_-__ 44
Menippes- sees 7, 472, 477, 479, 587, 588 45, 65, 73, 81, 86, 87, 88, 145, 340, 424, 512, 513
gto Ue) (0) Ez Naa gat es yy 462 | guadulpensis, Ovalipes ocellatus___..._-- 19, 23, 564
furcata LOrites=@ nesses ne nee omega eras alee 514, 556 Por punts 2s sas ae ee 23
Gymnopleirat 242 *22oi 2s eee 8
G
gaudichaudi, Xantho._.......--------------- 278 —
Gaudichaudia-.-..........-. Sse sesee sos as 234, 218) ||| Eaemulonspartaese ees ee eae 499
gaudichaudii-_._-..-_..._._- 278, 577 plumienios4225- 22-225 ae 499
gaudichaudii, Gaudichaudia_.__-_..-.-..____- 577 SCIUITHSHe ae 74, 144, 490, 498, 509
Man Lhe. ase ee eel ak ee 2481) |" Hapalocarcinidaes sess see ees 10
gaye canthocy clus: 22oc oa ae ana see ee ee A200 POLIS EANODCUS see ees ee aa eee 456
gayi, Acanthocyclus=.-ssessnace se eeee 171, 172, 572 UUM NS ae a eed eo 456
Gecarcinidae. 22) .t eke oe ene 10 Rhithropanopeus.-.---------- 455, 456, 586
Gecarcinus ibarbiger-2.- 2222222. boo. nee 286))) dhartti, Mnpanopeus= 22 o-ne. 22s ese 356
TORUS 2 oe see oo le 288 IPanOpeuseses ess aa see ae 334, 355, 383, 583
gemmata, Platypodids-2=--s2-----l22-522L 246, 249 | hassleri, Acanthocyclus.__--..--------- 171, 173, 572
gemmatus, Pilumnus-_-__-....------ 483, 513, 514, 589 Pilumnoidestsse22=s2 7, 535, 537, 538, 591
wibbesti, «A chelous= 2.26 22 ee eek ene 49) 4] hastate wtp a2 sees ae ee lee ee eee 99
DAR Seals ee Sa ae ae oe 49.i| shastatus, Callinectes#= — 522302522 e a 2 ae 99
INGDUUNUS 2-2 coach eases ole 49 Cancers 2. ..552/02 225s eee 37, 62, 99
IPORttinusss = 22 oc hone eat weweanc oes 49 (POrtO nS 2228 see ae eee ~ 37,62, 67
Portunus (Portunus)--- 6,35, 36, 49, 51,565 | heathii, Lophopanopeus----------- 319, 322, 328, 580
gibbosula, Corystes (Trichocera) ----------_-. 2s) dhebes; Wueptodiuss-2- --22---=-ss=a—seeee ees 313
Mini choOcarcinus eases eee eee 176 xconthodiusse222sos. 2 sce eee 311, 313, 580
TrichOcerees: 6 oe soe aoe Sate 1764) elellonus =] 2) s=—-- 222 one Seek Se 33
gibbosulus, Cancers - 20 on ee ete nee eee 211))|hemphilliana; -antholesasese= oe eee 320
gladiator, Portunus (Amphitrite)-------.--.. 33 | hemphillii, Hexapanopeus_-_----------- 384, 400, 584
var. argentatus, Neptunus-_--_---_-- 36 Panopetiss2---=2 = 2 eee 400
Glyptoplaxao= 2522) 90nd Es ee 427 Xanthodesiat 2222s ae 320, 322
USING: nt anes ao eee ose 43101 || Hepatus perlatuss-wsssssnsees = sae ee 535
iG)yntoxanthus) 20-s2) =e eee ee 235, 263 | herbstii forma crassa, Panopeus------------- 7,
QROSUS= =e ae 7, 263, 267, 575 334, 335, 336, 338, 340, 341, 342,
labyrinthicus.___ 7, 263, 266, 267, 575 343, 344, 345, 582,
vermiculatus.....-..-- 263, 266, 575 obesa, Panopeus--- 334, 336, 337, 338,
FE 09.04 (cy 1 A ee rN 0 I RR tae Hite Oe 10 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 582
bicommis# sss. cece sso Sale ee ee 10 simpsoni, Panopeus- -- .--------333,
S@rrata ost noosa eee eens 11, 564 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 356, 582
gonagra; Cancerea- 200s 5. og 8 ee ae 545 typica, banopeus=-=--=eee see 337,
Wniphiae 2a5c sad. aso Se 7, 545, 550, 552, 592 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 582
Goneplacidae z= oes eat ae Dy lant ne 9 granulosus, Panopeus--_--.--------- 335
Goniosomamilleriiv: ser ene a 139 Panonpeusesssessseeane 335, 336, 337, 348, 358
gonzalensis, Pilumnus__-..-..--------- 484, 505, 589 typical, Panopeusss sso essa. naar eae 334
graciipes; Pilummus 22222 =- oes eeee eens 484, 499, 588 var. obesus, Panopeus- -2222222----— 335
gracilis’ Cancers.2 1200) oe eee nae 177, 179, 219, 574 var. or subspecies minax, Eupano-
grandimannus, Santho.. 22222 sae koene ease 540 DOUS foo eases e ce see eae 335, 336
granosomanus, Xanthodes_._..-..--.-.------ 464 var. serratus, PanopeuS---..------ 360, 363

INDEX 601

Page Page

PEOLGPACLACA = =e. rete tale ee SE, 2367530 Mia SOStOM as Sh Sha Sr es Ue eae 268
COLALODUS=<~ 25 22525 tee ee 7, 530, 591 MOGOSAs2= 2 o-oo ee ee ee ee se 302

lunataeens- See es 7, 530, 532, 590, 591 Derlatas.-. 2) ees! Jee ee 268

DULOSUS Ss aa ee tn ee 530, 532 Techicwataaof 2 so ee eee ee 542

HI OXaNANONDCUSE tosses cesses eon at oe 228.361 ese lamarckils xanthones sees ae ann mes 464
angustifrons-___-___- 383, 384, 393, 583 | lamellipes, Lophoxanthus-__-__-______- 316, 317, 580

CAND DAeCus eases eee saps 384, 399, 584 Man GHOe sees Se ee tee ee 317

hemphillit. === 2 384,/400,584: (l' Janigera. A ctaeats 2-2 a5 oe See ee 260

PSUS sesso ee 306,501 .500) §|) WUBrHSiareentatliss aaa e ena e eee 25

nicaraguensis - -..--_-_-_- 7, 384, 395 | larvatus, Callinectes.__....._..........-- 123, 124, 125

ORCUGGIM Seen 383, 397, 584 marginatus var_...--.-- 123

PaWlOnsisse = see Tp OSs DOOROSL NN lata, MLOMOCRAs 2-272 12 eee aoe ee ere 242
quinquedentatus-_________- 384, 402 Mireopanopes==----= === 7, 427, 428, 441, 586
Schmitiia.eacases ae 7, 384, 393, 583 | latimana, Micropanope---------------------- 433
sinaloensis__-_--_-- 7, 384,398, 403, 584 | latimanus, Callinectes._.._.___......__.._.._- 128
mpecarciniolies: @heiraconse ee 150 IMiircopanope@ssseese nese ase ane 427, 433
hirsutus, Hexapanopeus___-_-_-_-___-_- 356, 357, 383 SR TUDO Soe teen eee ee 433
nintellasmealimnius:--- 2102. ed 481 SXQNtROGES == ase eee ee 433
intipes pwearaxanthus.ss220- 5-26 oss 2865720169 wlatliS; PanODOlSe a2. 2 eee eee ee eee 441
Hispida, ;Domecia------------- es 7, 553, 554, 592 | leeanus, Lipaesthesius__._.--------____ 270, 272, 576
HEAT OS ae = ae ns 004 S52. 5920 weep LOdLUSs == ee ee ee ee 235, 296, 311, 856
PSeuderiphinvscssseen ce ite 552 BPASSI ZIG CSL eat ee 307
holosericus, Pilumnus----------- 7, 483, 484, 519, 589 AGASSIZIE 2-22 7, 297, 307, 309, 579
PETA AS Tyis tsetse oe eo le aN ae 234, 287 AMeTICANUSS2 et o6— ee re 305
Dlg ees eee 287, 288, 577, 578 COOksoniives ese eee 7, 297, 310, 579

pO) aye kee ee oe eee 288 Gispar 22225 222s eae oe 244

ISOS D Git 0) oe ee ee es ee 150, 155 OXATATUS 2s oe ie ee 296
BRITIMINSS EN ANG NOS 222522 Bee ve tse Pe 314 var. sanguineus__________- 303
18 (70a eee EE ee Lee ks Sea 299 floridanns2as=sse se eee 7, 297,301, 579
iy popeltarion. 5.2 2252-8 2) 22 eas 160 hebes= sss) shee eee ee ee 313
spinulosume22--=2-2-_ 23). 161 lobatuse-2=— 22s 252 ae es Ee eee 310

ey popeltarinm ses. 22 52. .a0 =. eet ee 2 160 occidentalis¥=2a=2 == == 7, 297, 301, 579
dextroume=. + s5G bears 8 161 PATLVULUS ho eee eee 7, 297, 305, 579

Spimulosumes. eases =e 160, 161 SANS UINCUS pee = eee ee 297, 302, 579

SNOGRTASS 225 == sea ee fe 297, 303, 579

- spinoso-granulatus__------_----- 308, 579
imbricatus, COX OCU See ee ee eee 462 Sternberphiies 90 sec ean 311
inornata, Actaea...-------------------------- 464 in bOmARnS oe eee ne eae en eee 297, 304, 579
inornatus, Xanthias-_.------------------- 464, 587 tridentatus_22---- ess) 7, 297, 308, 579
inseulpta, Xanthias_---------------------- 468, 469 | jeucomanus, Lophopanopeus.---.-_--_ 319, 324, 581
Xanthodes-.---------------------- 468 Lophoxanthus__-------_-- 322, 324, 325
insculptus, Paraxanthias__-.-----__-_- 466, 468, 587 ATIEHOG esheets 324, 325
Xanthias--.--------------------- 468°9| Mimbasus;, Cancer- 1 -- ocsee oeeeaes 246

SEG GO) 21S reese mee eee 042 lamosa; Cancer. ks 5 202) ly. aa ee 423
Iphimedia.___-.---.--.---------~------------ 250 | jimosum, Eurytium__-_______-_- 7, 422, 423, 425, 585
sulcata__-_---.------------------- 250 | jimosus, Chlorodius_...--------------------- 297

iridescens, Neptunus (Hellenus)------------- 93 BAnOnGUS sod een ee eee 493
Portunus (Achelous)---- 6, 36, 93, 97, 568 Pilmmnusess see 7, 483, 484, 518, 590

BEKOTeUUSon @ANCEL Sse een ec ee LUG ll oTocarcininneelarte eee te a eT 13, 18
180, 182, 183, 193, 198, 222, 573 Ts OGRA anes tet ee ese ote A ag res 241, 465, 466

Plaiy.carcinuses=- ses. ao a=. = 181, 182, 198 CI CHIRAL Bir ee ee ee ae eee 241, 242
isenbeckil,, Cheiragonus: -—--------.----_---— 155 COCOSHTIA eee ee ee ee 242
HWpIMACHS a= ane oe nee oe ee ee 155, 571 GLAS URE see ee tee ee ae 244
IPIatYCOLYStOS- --2 toe eae wee 155 TAP ace oe emate enone nO 249
Platycorystes (Podacanthus) ----- 155 Yoncimana: sto. s heen eee 243

J MioxanthodeS:: 5.22. - = 25 Se ae ea es 466

BICOCKIL =u. ae 4 Ca eee ee 466

ee ills vsanlainedgge || memeber 235,270
derdeini,: @aricar seo 178, 180, 205, 215, 574 leeanus- - ---------------- 270, 272, 576
hopata,) Cancer==--- 5 25 2. sas ee 247

L Wophactatas== 222-222 ect ee 247

iabyrinthica; A ctaea=.-+.-—2---25=254 See ae 266) || dobatus; eptedius!2 22-222.) cee eee 310
labyrinthicus, Glyptoxanthus-_-- 7, 263, 266, 267, 575 Santhodwis.ce = 225 cee eee 310
dacteus, Pilnmnts: = ...._-22- bee 483, 507, 511,589 | lobifrons, Micropanope-_------- 427, 428, 429, 432, 585
HECURieISs PANO DeUS 223-25 Y= ~~ seueee sen ae eee 335 | lobipes, Lophopanopeus-_--------.----- 320, 329, 581
LLG CG 0 a a ee | aaa 19 Med sense 322.22. =f ee 7, 274, 275, 576
laevimana var. smithii, Eriphia_-.--.--_.-- 546, 550 IN@ODanOpe Les. soe ot ee eee ee 329

602 INDEX
Page Page
TOHOMUUMNnUSS eee eee Loe ek eR ZEON G2B: |? WPA SSA ee ee eee eo tee ee pe me 37
ALASS ATS ye ah 525, 526 Sspinimanase 2c ee es, 62
bermudensis__-.-.-. 526 trispinosasx.3.ce a os ey 8 130
forme bermudensis® =) (626; \) Trp rvicye sets) eee eee emer eee 35
529) 590): Tnpea anceps: 2222 S-2 ee eee 42
forma pulchella_____- 526, Cri rari: hose nt LR ees 134
529, 590 ican this shes ol AE Be ee 99, 118
forma trinidadensis.. 526, G@uchassea gris sss Sa eeae ee 42, 46
529, 590 exasperatacsss= cosets 130
forma typica_.__-- 526, 590 Par vila 2% =e) SUE OAT So 37
var. bermudensis_-.. 526 DUC cee ee ee eel ee ee A 37, 41
pulchellus#25 sae 526 SODae. 222226 tes ee eee 79
lockingtoni, Lophopanopeus--.----_____ 319, 325, 581 Spinimiania si es eee ae pa 62
longimana, Chlorodiella_._.........______- 462,580 | Tipped leas 2 Sess oe RT ae 14, 132
vigmeraes Se eee ete eee 243 forceps-se ae Se SS a 132, 133, 569
Paraliomerae. ses 24a 24 BTA. Tupinaess ae POS ONE ul EO CO 33
IPALaxAnthiaS ys eee ee 466) |||. ay. dia ten axes sue 0 ee eee 540

longimanus, Chlorodiella__-__._._._____.___- 462
Chiorodiussse se a 462 M

lonzipes|@ancers se eI 199°573) ||) maculata; uupaco--—--—- eS eee eee 134
TE Tet yCancin ts ere een ee 199 PDT apeZla =. cao eee 558
ongispina, Bathynectes_.___.-._.___-_-__-_- 28 cymodoce----- 556, 557, 558, 592
longleyi, Pilummnus___---_---_.-1-._- 7, 484, 502, 589 ferruginess 2 Ss2 > ee 558
TopHactacat sere suse s ae nen nem N enamnen col 946 |) maculatus, Cancers... 2)- 2 leases ee 239
Prantl Osa eee eee eee ne 246 @arpilius:o-2cpooe 3 ae ee ee 239
AoW ates chen tera A 2! 247 Chlorodius!222222.. ea a 295
TOUT ae hake aan ae nn 248 Grapsillus. 22.252 eae 556, 558
rotundata ee) a 248 Lophopanopeus.23--22 222854202 320, 330
EOD NOY GES etre toe ea MRS RO ie 457 Phy modivs: ssc ee tees 295, 578
TOpNODANOPCUSS esse ene ene 234° 319 ||| Madrepora-- 2.22028 ie oo ee 351
elinsesesssee 319, 320, 323, 580,581 | maeandrina, Actaea (Psaumis) -__---.._--.-- 267
Delluss varie cee eee 819) ||: Mmaenas, Cancers 2a so 22k ee 15
diegensise222s2ec. 319, 321, 327, 581 Carcinides =. 5-2. Saree ee 7, 14, 15
Gistinctus=s-s-2-ss=ae 320, 331, 581 (CSR CIS Ee ee 15
frontalise sass: eee ae 319, 323, 581 Portunus. 2-222 2-222-220-2222 Cece 15
heath eee 319, 322, 328, 580 | magellanicus, Peltarion-..--.....-.-.---.--- 160
leucomanus---_.-_---- 319, 324, 581 | magister, Cancer-.------------ 177, 179, 205, 222, 227
lobipese2 tas see sane 320, 329, 581 IMetacarcinus=22-2- 20 cee 176, 223
glockingtonie 2-22 a 2 319, 325, 581 | Majoidea corystoidea__.--...-----.--_------- 10
IMACHISCUS Haase eee are ee $20,330 | marginatus, Callinectes_.--._._--..._.-____- 99,
nicaraguensis__....-.---_-_- 395 100, 101, 102, 103, 123, 131, 569
somaterianus___--_--- 320, 332, 581 INeptunus 22-0220 eee 123, 127
ophoxanthus 222 sie ese ee eee ee 236, 316 (Palins 2s Se eee ees 524
Dells. s24 smears 320, 324, 325 var. larvatus, Callinectes- ----- 123
frontalis! 2.22 ee eae eee 323 | marinis scutiformis, Cancer_._......._-_.---- 79
lamellipesssseeee eee 316, 317, 580 | marinus sulcatus, Cancer___-.._.------------ 15
leucomanus..---._------ 822) 3240395) IMArshl eins see ee eee eee 484, 499
Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus) bellus__..__- 320 | martinicus, Upeneus-----------__- 65, 73, 86, 87, 145
frontalise_-5 325) mMeandrica, Actacge-2--o-2- sans eee 266
luederwaldti, Cancer. __-_----- 165078; 1179) 200/573, || Wheandrinae- 22-22-22 oe eee 556
lunata, Heteractaea__........_..- TSO Oo2nO9O Ol, Wi Med seus esa) s-- enone eee 235, 273, 307
AUN tS eT MNS = eee a ee 532 lODIPGS nen ee se eee ee eee 7, 274, 275, 576
ODA: SRes 37 ae CPN on RET Ss 33, 132 OPNAtUS ooo eee 273
Danksii Sree Ps Pah ease Ae 62 TOYNSUGU= =a sas. ee oe ee 277
Wellicosa ss Pe ey eA ae re eee, 42, 112 TUOSUS ase a eee eee eee 272, 273, 576
Digcel lata 2k Ne ae 79 Spinimantiss. sees eee 7, 274, 275, 576
cranchian ay sages Soo Se hee ee ues 37, 41 spinulifer:.-- 22-22-22 Sees 274, 276
CLIDT ATTA nt ee ne eet Ree 135} melanacanthus, Pilumnus._-_....-_.----.-.- 554
Gicdn thao. ener ae ee eee ee OO; TES i) WMiely biaset ssc sheet se Se eee 239, 561
LOLCOPS ee pee ae ee ee wee ie 133 TOL COPS ose seca sees eee eee 562, 563
PID DEST oot erra S Pa er etnenes Meee eS 2 49 thalamitaocecsaee eee eee 561, 562, 593
Hastatas nie Aes eee eae 99\ |. ‘Menipeocellata. 2. eee ee 473
MACHA tassel nen Le eee Sew eves 134° ||, Mienippess 2: =.= = 2622 Se ee) 238, 240, 335, 472
Pelsp Cg Tee NE TASS sks EE Aree me 33, 37 frontaligeses ee 7, 472, 477, 479, 587, 588
PUD La Se ee ine ee ee Mee ete 139 miercensrias+s-2.4. 22a eee 7, 472, 587
Sanguinolentay esse ee om nodifronse#e< 2442 eae 472, 479, 588

a

ee

Ee a ee ee

ee ee ee Oe

a

INDEX 603
Page Page
‘Menippe obtusa--_._---_--- goseies eke 472, 478, 588 | Neopanope lobipes-_-.------------------------ 329
Ocellata == 22836 a s ee eee 473 PACKALGHE = =eenas—-=—= 366, 367, 380, 583
TUM p hese sss sae eaten eee 479 pourtalest..2222--4---------=---== 380
DUMP Hlies see ee awe a nS 472, 479 pourtalesii.....------------ 366, 380, 381
mmenoides, Portunus—---_------=-=--=------- 15 POXAT Aeon ee eee eee 367, 583
“mercenaria, Cancer-------------------------- 472 Sayise=ssa-- 367, 368, 369, 370, 583
Monippessessss--s225—----=— 7, 472, 587 texanad ost 22 ooo see ane 367, 379
MAnchO Ss =222 224. Eee t eee eee 472 POX TUS see eee ne eee nee see 367
mercenarius, Pseudocarcinus- --------------- 473 Sayhttaseoeiveee ae a 369
meridionalis, Pilummnus-_--------------------- 521 | Neptunus- ---------------------------------- 33
reticulatus forma... 522 (Achelous) depressifroms---------- 84
MORO TACSTCIN Ste ene ease ee eee ew eee 176 ACUUMINAtUSHae eases oe ee eae = 56
MaciStel se s= ase nen ee eee 176, 223 (Amphitrite) vocans-------------- 60
Metopocarcinus- --_-------------------- 237, 318, 470 ANCOPS2 eee soa = =e ae en en 42
iUNCHUS=seee ee = 1, 318, 580 as peneesssse ese o ses eee =-= 56
mexicana, Euctenota_--------------------- 134, 137 Cribranius: se ae eee ee oes 135
‘mexicanus, Actaeodes_---------------------- 311 crulentatuss=242522--->--o-- 71
INCTROU OSes eet eee ee eee 313 pibbestisess2esesee nese eae ae 49
INCLOROMCS Sen seen essere esa asece 313 gladiator var. argentatus-_-.------- 36
NTONACUSe eee een eee anes 6, 137, 570 (Hellenus) iridescens------------- 93
Neptunus- ---------------------- 137 spinicarpus---_--------- 33, 92
Panopeus-.---------------------- 365 marginatus. -------------------- 123, 127
‘Micropanope------------------------------ 237, 426 MICKICANUSS =a sesee eee eee eae 137
areolnid=soe- see meo== 427, 449, 450, 586 ordwayi--=-===------=------------- 71
barbadensise===----=----=--- 428, 446 panamensis- ---------------------- 53
Canip bates sees sees eee eae 399 sanguinolentus- - ----------------- 37
Cristian fesse sees nea a ee 454, 586 Bay lboeee soe eee anne eee eee 37
Cristimanus------------=---== 427, 454 Seba == see eee oeaeee as 79
granulimanus------ 7, 427, 428, 439, 586 Buleatusees oeeeee see ee 43, 46
latae eee ane a 7, 427, 428, 441, 586 tranSversuS_---.------------------- 57
fatimanaseeess—--- eae 433 tuberculatus:22-2------—------—-—-- 90
latimanuds=s-----+----------— 427, 433 tumidulus222222--<-2 2 EE Pe = 142
lobifrons_..------ 427, 428, 429, 432, 585 Ventralige=. 22. Sessa eee eee eee 42,43
Mine ee ete ee eee 427, 448, 586 aU OCT a se ee ee ee re eee ee 60
NilitinGie s+) --- a= == —— 428, 450, 452 Kan GUShess22) sao eee ae 30, 56, 57
polta=——-=--—— 7,427, 428, 437, 440, 586 nicaraguensis, Hexapanopeus--.---------- T, 384, 395
pugilator-------------------- 428, 430 Lophopanopeus-.-------------- 395
*pusillass------------- 427, 431, 434,585 | niger, Chlorodius---------------------------- 462
sculptipes------- 331, 426, 427, 428, 585 | nigerrimus, Cancer sass tte eee eee cee 243
‘spinipes----------------- 427, 443,586 | nigro-fusca, Trapezia------------------------ 559
‘taboguillensis------------------ 439 | nitida, Micropanope------------------- 427, 448, 586
‘truncatifrons---------- 7, 428, 433, 585 Quadrella-.------------------------- 561, 593
mYMaAtolr se ==o- eee 428, 451,586 | nitidus, Callinectes__---------------------- 121, 122
-xanthiformis - ----- 7, 428, 442, 444, 586 | nobile, Trichopeltarion-_--------------- 167, 168, 571
Wantusilee se aes = 7, 427, 428, 438, 585 | nodifrons, Menippe-------------------- 472, 479, 588
taboguillensis__ 428, 439, 585 | nodosa, 'Netaeasc sei ee lee pcan ae eee 257
Mictyrinae_--------------------------------- 8 rufopunctata--_------- 7, 251, 257, 575
miersii, Pilummnus- -------------------- 484, 510, 589 rufopunctata var_-.---------- 257
milleri, Cronius----------------------------- 139 Lagostoma-------------------------- 302
millerii, Goniosoma-------------------------- 139 | nodosus, Chlorodius--.----------------------- 302
minax, Eupanopeus herbstii var. or ‘sub- notatus, Paraxanthias--------------------- 465, 466
species...-.------------------------------ 335, 336 | novae-zelandiae, Cancer--------------------- 193
miniatus, Cancer---------------------------- 274 | novemdentatus, Cycloxanthops- ------ 290, 292, 578
minimus, Portunus (Achelous) ---------- 36, 76, 567 pantho cose eee ee 292
Modiolus modiolus-------------------------- 412 x<anthodes_--.-=--ceeeeeoa= 292
moenas, Carcinus---------------------------- 15 | nudifrons, Pilummoides---------------- 535, 538, 591
Wlonomia----.=---------+----=+-2=2=--=5--=- 33 PilgeanNus! 26. soe cee eee 538
Mud crabs--.----------------------------->- 333 | nudimanus, Pilumnus--------------------- 483, 523
multidentatus, Xantho---------------------- 315 | nuttingi, Micropanope- --------------- 428, 450, 452
Manthias.3_o2.<255- eee ene 450
N
WeleuS..-.------:-------------2-------=+----- 553 re)
acanthophorus- -------------------- 553, 554

Neomaenis apodus- - - ---- 48, 73,86, 144, 490, 499, 503 | obesa, Panopeus herbstii forma--.----------- 334,
griseuS------------------------ 44, 45, 65, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 582
73, 81, 86, 87, 88, 145, 340, 424, 512, 513 | obesus, Panopeus herbstii var--------------- 335
Neopanope- ------------------------------- 238,366 | obtusa, Menippe---------------------- 472, 478, 588

604 INDEX
Page Page:
occidentalis, Chlorodius.._-..-_.-.__....-_.- SOL i) (palimeniwAlctaca === als ale 251, 260, 575
HUpANnOPOUS==2-csee eee 348 | panamensis, Achelous....._......-..-..----- 58
forma serrata, Panopeus_-___-___- 334, Neptunus: < <226. 7 ee aS 58
349, 350, 351, 356, 582 Portunus. .2=4- 2.7 ie eae 58
typica, Panopeus---_-_-___- 582 (Portunus)-.._ 35, 53, 58, 566
Theptodius Se sess ayes 7, 297, 301,579 | pannosus, Pilumnus__-------__---- 483, 514, 516, 589°
Panopeus----------_. 7, 335, 342, 348, 353 | panope, Cancer..........---.-------------- 335, 369
typical; Panopeuss= 2 334) Ran opeast se see 2 0 333
Gcellata Mienipesa-nasenaceneee ne ane eee 4739\\ Panopetisssee ee ee 237, 333, 383, 404, 422, 455
IMenippese =< ase aee were a see eee 473 abbreviatliss.- > seweleaes eee 405
oceUatus; Cancers. tata: eae pee 19 pitinis -22.3- 4-2.) se eee eae 426
floridanus, Ovalipes_._.._._._-.._- 23, 25 americanus.....-------.- 333, 343, 357, 583
guadulpensis, Ovalipes_.___.__ 19, 23, 564 angustifrons! 22-9 35s ee 384
ocellatus NOvalipesesae pee 19, 564 areolatus:. 2502535.) 3334 eee 357
Ov ali pes ecco aos ee ed 18, 19 bermudensis.-__-- 7, 334, 360, 365, 394, 583
ocellatus: oe oseee sae re 19 boeken ose See eee 334, 365, 583
Platyomichuss22-os= ees ee 19 bradleyi. 222-2 eee 346
IRseudocarcinuss 223-2 seep 473 chilensis®:2. 2). eee 334, 346, 582
Ocypodidhex sess. 2355 ee Si ge oe ee 10 COMVeEXUS2=— ee ee 7, 334, 335, 352, 582
Ocyurus|chrysorus sees eee 87, 299 CTASSUS! =e ose eee 335, 337
Ooidea Stasi fae 8 ke ad Se 10 CrenatuS=: = soe ee 418, 416
WAPI bISpINOSAan= === == a eee eee 10 depressus2 2 Soe See 410
orbignyi, Platyxanthus_____._____. 279, 280, 283, 576 Gissimilisi¢=) 22586 es 411
EXTAGEN eas 5 et Bh ie Bek eR 280 Warrisiis <2 ee Ee Se 456
orcutti) Hexapanopeuss = 22>) sees sere 383, 397, 584 Harttii se a ae 334, 355, 383, 583
‘erdwayi, A chelouss:2 252-25 aet tee a 71 hemphillii 2 oe eee 400
Nie p tuinis oe ook ar Ue np 2 71 herbstileeee soe 335, 336, 337, 348, 358
Portunus (Achelous)____..-_- 6, 36, 71, 567 forma crassa... 7, 334, 335, 336, 338,
oregonensis, Cancer. -_--.---------. 178, 180, 226, 574 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 582
‘Lrichocarcinus: 2-25-22. seep 226 forma obesa_.-_. 334, 336, 337, 338,
‘Trichocera-= ~is2=4 28a sa eee oe 226 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 582
ognataeAmphitrites a9. ee: == eer ee 371 forma simpsoni...-.----_- Boas
omatus,Callinectess 52 — se ee 98, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 356, 582
100, 101, 102, 103, 114, 124, 131, 569 forma typicals2252--2-—= 337,
IMedaeuss: = alii vo. a Nib ee Lea 273 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 582
Owalinest 22 2 ck es ayia ee 13, 18, 19 pranulosus-22 3+) ae 335
bipustulatusee 2 = paw eee 24 typical. -- 2 ae 334
OCelatisw ie ae eh ee a 18, 19 Vari ObeSus= ieee 335
floridanus=-- S242. soe 23, 25 Var, SOLratuys= ste see 860, 363
guadulpensis_......._-.-- 19, 564 MACUStTIS Hee 2s in aka Sap 335
Ocellatysi2 ess aee Hau tte 19, 564 latus:- 2.25 eee Baek, Tee eee eee 441
punctatus--aa24e245— -_ Saeee 7, 19, 24, 564 JIMOSHSUASS Se. aes ee eee 423
trimaculatis= 22) 2. nee ae 24 MO@XICANUSS 4. 2 2 ak eee 365 -
ovatus, Eurypanopeus- --_-_--------- 7, 404, 409, 584 occidentalis. -.-------- 7, 335, 342, 348, 353
Panopensh 225342 5-2 eee 409 forma serrata_..------ 334,
Oxyrhyncha. 425 Shek i a 8, 10 349, 350, 351, 356, 582
Oxy stomata _ 2 oe a EY 8 formality pica--s-see es 582
OZiUS S22 os eee ee 238, 539, 540 typical. =. 5. eae 334
agassizil- 222226252. ie 540, 544, 592 ovatus -. 2.52524: eee 409
INnteZer = 52224 eS ee ot 542 packardil: -..2/.-=2- ess ee 380°
perlgtussss25 2.35... ee 7, 540, 543, 592 patvillus: 222.3 = ae eee 405
reticwlatys#: ---.-.-- ses 7, 540, 542, 591 planissimus: == 22-222 eee 421
TUGOSUS 22 Serene ken ke s Nosy setae 540 planus: = 2.222.225. sepeee ses 420
tuberculosus.. = sate a 539 POlitUs = 4 o2cco2. 35% 33. = eee 405
VORTOA UL 2) een as ee 540, 591 purpureus_-______- 7, 334, 335, 344, 347, 582
FULOSUSE Sessa 22 ease 334, 347, 358, 365, 582°
~ Saydis Sees ee ee 369
pachydactylus, Paraxanthias__...........--- 466 Serratuseees he. 2c oe = ee 348
packardii, Neopanope--.-_--------- 366, 367, 380, 583 tanneri. 22-5. =. s.r eee 437, 440:
(PanoOpeus=2. == 5-323 eee ane 380 texanus. 2. 322 o2- 3 tee eee 367
Pa purrs sees 2 DeLee eee ate ae eres 176 transversus.-Sb == 22 =- e 407, 425
pagurus--.._.. = Beco eho see 176 TUTPIGUS 25) 2 ooo ee 334, 364, 583
PAG UTuS Al pHeUSHs. elec eee nee a eenae 176 Waliduss2o-022_ 2 te ee 346
Cancer... bossa 2 teed ee eeny 176 owirdemannii= <2). 2-2 S2eeees 360, 456, 458
Platyearcinish: See see cee ashe 176 xanthiformis: = 22.2222 5eeee a eee 442
Palicidaesse 2s cae ated see et 9 | papulosus, Carpoporus..----.---------- 269, 271, 576

INDEX 605:

Page Page

paraliomeras soso sso ott 2 Sse O3bh243 | WPilummus= 2222525222 == 238, 481, 482, 484, 525, 530, 534
@ispars-—-2- 325252 tee 243, 244, 574 aculeatse=2 =-.222eet aoe scee 484, 491

longimana: Sete 243, 245, 574 apassizilts5 ee ee 8 526
IPArapilumnis ses Sees ae ee een Sone 482 SnGrOWSIi. 32s 2 Se et ee ee 443, 445
CHSPimeEnus sess aes ee 482 barbadensis-2225. 244-5 = 22-2 === 446

peraxanthiase! 2255.3 .22.-5 5 sees lee 236, 465, 466 heebeie.3=-~ =: sate es 438
elcockie<..: ==. See ee 466 brasiliensis, s2232h<-eee Se a 491

dispar ses s- se ek be 466 Caribaens: = 2e2 = = oes 483, 491, 502, 588

elegans 2o225 2 ee see 22 466 ceratopuse.23s2-2.2 bes ee 530

insculptuss=- 2-3 a 466, 468, 587 CONVEXUS: 2-25-24 =) 5 Se eee 352
Jongimang=-=5-<12see eee 466 dasypodus == -=- sass oe 482, 493, 495, 588

MOtatUS) =x 2-4— seo 465, 466 depressus=2c-tee ee se tes 483, 506
pachy.dactylus--=22ss2emses- === 466 Giomedéaé! sos 2b ee- seat - 2 = 483, 501, 589

Pan Vus! ses 2et ae eae esses. 466 flonridanus-2. 232-2-2 2222 483, 507, 510, 589

sulcatus- ------- eeeaeee 466, 469, 587 {ragoSUS= 2225222 oe 521
taylorics22--2--Soss2e2ee- 466, 587 gemmatus=22 22-24-55 483, 513, 514, 589

paraxcnt buss: os. s2 202 = 234, 286 ponzalensis 22-255 = see 484, 505, 589
banbigerc..-W 55.5225 ase. 286, 578 pracilipes.-4-22-222 25-42 484, 499, 583

hirtipes- ----- it pease 286, 287 prantilimanwS2<2225 2-0 sees 439
sexdecimdentatus_____-__--_--- 290 anriSil=. === 5- Oee oe 456

URNA AOL OMe eo = 2a eee c eee ee 499 hirtellus:2 3 =-~2=sesse=-=-=-—5-seee 481
WaAuNaLOus ee HOSOMa-s--2-e2-25—-- 2252-555 169, 571 holoserieus.—.-.-=-== == 7, 483, 484, 519, 589
AAs REI pea.. =~ =~ = Seer ot Le eee 37 Lactews eee ee eae 483, 507, 511, 589
PaRAVillUs wAIphHaeUS_--2222. 4 2-5-5--ss225--- 307 limiosds ee ae 7, 483, 484, 518, 590
Wancerha aera - 88 2s 32- 305, 307, 404 longleyit=2 22505252222 7, 484, 502, 589

BUry PANOpeUSe------ 22525 e nase 405 Tunatus 2s 32 a eae ee ces 532
eptodius2es-e — - 7, 297, 305, 579 mareinatise ss) = a5 eee 524

IPENOPCU See soe eee esse ee Sees 405 AMMATShis Ses Aes ie ee ees Se 484, 499

PXidrit hor seas see eee eet ee 404 melanacanthusss222'2tees= hats 554

PXcan FHOGINSeeey soe = Ue 2 ee 305 Meridionalise sees eee 521
Parvaswlaraxanthigsies 2825. - 22-2... =.= 466 Wieysii=2=-55 2s See 484, 510, 589
patachonicus, Acanthistius-_-..-....-.------- 283 nudifrons2 22220 ye See eee 538
patagonicus, Platyxanthus------_----- 280, 284, 577 NuUdimManUS--=2=— seen ae 483, 523.
PAUCISDINIS) Amphitrite. _------.-22222..2-- 58 PaMNGSUSH eos eS s= aoe 483, 514, 516, 589
paulensis, Hexapanopeus------------ 7, 384, 395, 584 pygmacuss:-22:-2 Se 483, 515, 589
BOMAPiCAsa parse soe oe ee Se Se Se 33, 37 QUOlizs2232 5222 ssseeec2e22525 510
Welaricuisn,©ancers.s22----.- SUS ee 133 Qu0yissssacece ecco 482, 510, 589
IPOMURUSE Sos sesase eae 33, 37 reticulatuss2-2--. Sees 7, 484, 521, 590

Portunus (Neptunus) ------------- 33 forma fragosa___. 484, 522, 590:
PeLasPICUS) sPortUNUS. == .2-25--5--.-2- Sess 37 forrma meridionalis____- 522
iBaltanionasee ss 525422522 oe 149, 160, 165 forma tessellata__ 484, 522, 590
extn. 525 ee 160, 161, 571 Sdyisessso~ 7, 482, 484, 487, 491, 493, 502, 588
THAPONANICUS=.3o 5255-52 eeh es Sees 160 Spinipes:=-<-4..: ...- =e 443
Sspinulosum.=-222e.5-2 es 160, 162, 571 Spinohirsutus-..-.-=-- sea eee = fie:

el paride ie on Sas et esse aes aete 160 484, 503, 504, 505, 589
poLlavawpairn ss. 22322 ees 268 Spinosissimms===2--==-2----— 484, 494, 588
AC OSUOMIA sess sooo ne~ ose 268 Spinulifert= = eee 276
MeriAtils#Ganeer= 212544 os seee ee soon 203, 268 Stimpson 484, 524, 589
@ancer((Daira) 222s. See 268 tessellatnss2222 2 os 521

IEG PATHS pee ea ee 535 TOWMSenG Ee sss 483, 504, 589

OZiGS saan sos ea 7, 540, 5438, 592 nrinator = 3-222 451
Pilumnoides------- 7, 534, 535, 537, 538, 591 VATIACEUSS eee te Bo 493, 494, 496
peruvianus, Eurypanopeus------------------ 418 XAT GUSLA =a ee es 7, 484, 486, 507, 588
Phymodius---_---------------------------- 236,294 ll SPinmnotheridao-=-s-so see ee eee 9
maculatus--------------------- 295, 578 | Pirimela chilensis..._....-------------=----- v8
ungulatus__--------------------- 208 lpia prisobes= 23265. 2) 3 Mn is See eee ae 171
pichilinquei, Portunus (Achelous) ---- 36, 75, 78, 567 Clatnis mea co 171, 172
soe Bellia-_----------------------2-2---- ate Mlans, OMAlaSpIS-.n see eee 287, 288, 577, 578
PICHHN PE ODLUTNYS 2 Shee ane ene 19 anithio 288

pilosus, Heteractaes...-------=2---2=2-=-- BS0(882;4| MAO Ee a can aE IO ae Alike

Fler riiel ete se eee eh Prt Gee 933 | planissima, Xantho-------------------------- 421
Pilnminoidesics oe eae SUE 238, 534, 535 | Planissimus, Eurypanopeus----------- 404, 421, 585
Annie ck ck SA eS 535 Pan ODGUS=— sen eae 421
nasslorics. 3-52-3223 7, 535, 537, 538,591 | planus, Eurypanopeus----------------- 404, 420, 585.
mudifrons).s-eteeereaccs 535, 538, 591 Promalaspisse-o=-seee= 25 eee 288
perlatus__-.---- 7, 534, 535, 537, 538, 591 Panopenssess=e- oe =-.o-=3- 53 -a- nee 420:
USS sane seee ane asas see 468, 469 CHO seen ee eee 288-

‘606 INDEX
Page Page
PlatyCarcinus ces ese Aerie ee 176 | Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus--_-_.------ 6,
dentattserecns su See ee 202 33, 35, 36, 62, 566, 567
edwardsily.. 23:2 tae cw see 193 stanfordiz=eonee sn 35, 69, 567
irforatus2. 25-23 Shanes 181, 182, 198 tuberculatus___-_-- 36, 90, 568
longipes sce ea sh ce = 199 (Amphitrite) gladiator-----_____-- 33
pagurus--_-- goto te SRe eee 176 aurimanns. =. 5-5 oe eee 71
productusss22 eee eee 8s 203 cribrarius.{ 5-20:* a eae 134
TeCUTVIGENS s4= = See 226 diacantha uo eee ae 99
S8Yitesseeoss a et et 181 pibbesite «2. -* Veee av ee 49
Platycorystes:ssases==ss sano nee ee 150, 155 guadulpensis-__--_---------------- 23
ambiguus’-2222Ue ea 150 Hastatus.222525. 8322S eee 37, 62, 67
cheiragonus]222ss sess 150 maenass. 25-52-2240 42s ees 15
isenbeckils 22 09s62 ase ee Ye 155 mien 0idesi= sais Sane see eee ee 15
(Podacanthus) isenbeckii--_--- 155 (Neptunus) pelagicus-~----------- 33
Platyonichuse- sees eaee esas eee ae 18 panamensis- - --------------------- 58
Sfricanuss s= see menenianme aly 24 pelagicus_.---..------------------- 33, 37
Ibipustulatustess-es ee eee n ee 24 pelasgicus-~----------------------- 37
OCGIIAGISS ee aes eee ren ane 19 pictus-.-.-.----------------------- 19
purpurensy 7 ss 564 (Pontus) convexuS- --------------- 33
Platyouychuse sme ee ene ee ee 18 (Portunus) acuminatus__--_-_-_- =--=- 34,
DULDUTOUS o-oo es aes ee ee 24, 26 53, a6, 57, 58, 566
RtyOGde. ee ee eee 234, 246 anceps__-------- 34, 42, 82, 565
Pe ee 246, 249 asper- ---------- 35, 53, 56, 566
: gibbesii____ 6, 35, 36, 49, 51, 565
STATE OSE ee ee ae 246 :
rotundata.__.---.--_- 7, 246, 248, 249, 574 PA ens es Gb, er ete
wa re = SAYS See eee hee 34, 37, 565
SPECLADILISE 2-2 eee eee 7, 246, 247, 574
Platyxanthus 235, 279 sul caus Seee epee ee snd
‘i BIEL TE ates eee ae meas ? transversus___..----.-- 57
cokers sek. ec 7, 279, 280, 283, 577 sane. 34, 43, 565
crenulatus- 7, 279, 280, ab 283, 576, 577 TOGATIS Huta aiae ane 35, 60, 566
orbignyi isa e Sesete aes 279, 280, 283, 576 eh 6,
patagonicus---.----.---. 280, 284, 577 35, 36, 50, 54, 76, 78, 80, 565
snlebelis (Cancers 0 Yaka eee eee) 198 pusillits.../.- 9s Ane Mila i a 36
plebejus, Cancer-_-__-- 6, 178, 180, 198, 199, 201, 572, 573 Tuber. cee ea ei 139
spleuriticus, Callinectes ==. -22-2ses-2 555-2. 121 sanguinolentus.------------------- 79
PPA OST See ee CE ak ee Ag 149, 169 Bayi fsucwlh enn) apa 37
Parvitrons. <0 <—- 2-8 esc ee 169, 571 spinimantis 2.0.02 ee 2 62, 68
splumieriHaemulon. 2.2220. eee ee 2s A998} AP Osi or ie ON ae ee 33
Pocilloporaicapitatassssessses oe 533 Walid tas \ esaepsege the aye ee el 33
Po dacant hus ease Gas ere se 155°) WPotamonidsevstas. 2 12) ee ee 6,9
Podophthalminaesaaseaasaen anaes eee ns 14,143 | pourtalesi, Neopanope--_-.------------------ 380
polita, Micropanope--_-_-_-_- 7, 427, 428, 437, 440, 586 | pourtalesii, Neopanope-_--------------- 366, 380, 381
Politus #eanopeus- os 222-9 - == ene ea 405 | productus, Cancer_-_--------- 177, 180, 203, 205, 206
Xan thiassare..<- san eke eeeeeeees 4ee 440 Platycarcinus=. 023-2 203
polyodon, Cancer_-_----------- L78179; 202, 5724573) || (eSaumis.-2 22 22-2 ee ee a 250
PONGUS Fe ons ols aso ics 33 fossulatus===22.2-252 es ese 250
Porites farcatascuedsetat ses ee eee 514;,556) 4} (Pseuderiphia .-<-- ==. =22222 == eee 552
porteri;Cancer.2432 see 6, 178, 180, 199, 201, 573 hispidaz:::252--2-s-st2ss4 Se see 552
iPortummus!) 25s 18 | Pseudocarcinus mercenarius_---------------- 473
Portunidae.-3o45-425 5 Lee 5, 6, 7, 9, 13 ocellatus...2-42 2-4-3322 473
Portumingess2so2e2 ose ee 18 TUMphil-.. == == ee 479
Rortumissiste sol. oe ee 13483;94;.36: 1) Pseudocorystes sae: 2-3 o- eee eee 10, 11
(Achelous) affinis__......__- 36, 80, 83, 568 armatis: see Se 11; 12,13
ANCepS.. -= sei oaseo-8 42, 82 SICATINSE. £2222 22 22a ee 12, 564
angustus_-____. 6525, 36,20,567, ||| sebenoplacidac=’:=2_ 2. --- =e) see 9
bahamensis-____---- 35,90;.568: ||, pudica,Jbupeazs..2----.-.-.2-4-seee ee 37, 41
brevimanus-.-.--.---.-- 6, | pugilator, Micropanope-------------------- 428, 430
35, 36, 58, 69, 70, 567 | pulchella, Lobopilumnus agassizii forma.... 526,
depressifrons____ 35, 84, 90, 568 529, 590
Horidanussse225== 35, 82, 568 | pulchellus, Lobopilumnus-_------------------ 526
iridescens__--__- 6, 36, 93, 97, 568 | punctata, Corystes (Anisopus) -------------- 18, 24
TONE Us asee eee 36, 76,007) 4] sDUNCLa tis, Amisopus) 2-2 ees 24
ordwayi-_-__.---- 6, 36, 71, 567 Ovalipes. 22.225 --23 eee 7, 19, 24, 564
pichilinquei__-_-- 36, 75, 78,567 | purpureus, Panopeus.-_------ 7, 334, 335, 344, 347, 582
sebae..-ebecus 35, 79, 81, 567 Platyonichus---- === ee ee 564
spinicarpus-_-_ 6, 36, 92, 94, 568 Platyony.chus.4. ss eee 24, 26

INDEX 607
Page Page
pusillay Glyptoplax 26-32 osc secs 2 ees 431 | sanguinea, Xantho exaratus var_.__-_------- 303.
Micropanope-------------- 427, 431, 434, 585 | sanguineus, Chlorodius__.___.-..---_____-_-_ 302
pusillws; Pilumnoidess2.. 2222 U sess et 22-3 468, 469 Weptodins: =.= aes 297, 302, 579
ROnUUNUS setae ne =a eae eee ns 36 exaratus var____-...-- 303
pyEMseus; Cancers. -.5- se2eees 220 sss sels 205 Xanthoi(Leptodius)2--2-.- =. 303
Plumnwys +. 8 Ne Se. 483, 515, 589 | sanguinolenta, Lupa-__..........-.-_-._____-- 37
pyemoeus: (Cancer— 2. 2226-5. - - eeeseeSs 22s 205 | sanguinolentus, Neptunus___..-...-.-------- 37
Q IPortunus. 2222) ee 7
sapidus acutidens, Callinectes_-_-..-.------- 6,
Quadrella___-.---------------------------- ae a 98, 99, 100, 110, 111, 569
coronata...---------------------- 560, 5 sapidus, Callinectes_ 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 129, 569
p 2 ae Jaw a nw nnn nan nn men an aan 561, a SavienilActaeasso2 ae) 2. oe ee ee 50-
Se a Cancorsie2 ee =: =. eee 250
ee Hexapanopeus. --------- 384, an Sayi-¢@ancerlstee 2) ult eae ee 181
nie NGG) een ee ee eee 37
quoyi, Pilumnus__._-.---------------- 482, 510, 589 Neopanope texana_-_-____- 367, 368, 369, 370, 583
R tOXANUS! Seo sa sates tees an 369
Ralls crepitans/SCovviee----2--a--—--2-e ees — 341 Se aria a a
Eee ee MET 8 eNO GES eee 369
moreinalnia TLagostoma 542 Pilumnus------ 7, 482, 484, 487, 491, 493, 502, 588
a .
recurvidens, Platycarcinus------------------ 226 Sea Soo kt ae ha en Rae
richocarcinus:-----..----=-==- 228 oF mee ean aT Ae ae 34.37 ae
TOPIUS.| GOCALC NUS seen seen hee oe 288 ae Son eee Nae
ener ek PA ae ON RIS 8 schmitti, Hexapanopeus-_------------ 7, 384, 393, 583
reticulatus forma fragosa, Pilumnus_-__ 484, 522, 590 Ss Haemulon Rtn a oe vie i le
meridionalis, Pilumnus.... 522 | S¢otti, Rallus crepitans__-------------------- 341
tessellata, Pilumnus. 484, 522, 590 sculptipes, Micropanope-_--_---- 331, 426, 427, 428, 585
Back : 7 540, 542,591 | Sculptus, Eupanopeus bermudensis var-...-- 360.
wen en eee eee ’ ’ y my,
Piluiinee te 7, 484, 521, 590 | Sebae, ee Sea pangs Sense sae o
Tata) Ta hall Sel aan eo 9 cae Seer oo ce aaa enige mya os
Retroplumidae---2-225-2522s62.n-=-s5s2s~-=< OS el eh Neod atone hie ai een ee NE
eer aA Wiiaae ide eee Portunus (Achelous)....------- 35, 79, 81, 567
Pinernananene bows Re at ie a AEC Ng 237, 455 semoni, Cycloblepas--.---------------------- 250
Ae ee ae 455, 456,586 | Setrata, Gomeza__----..-------------------- 11, 564
Ennead 435, 488, 490, 496, 497 Panopeus occidentalis en 0 Re
mobEstus; Callinectes. -.-- a2 seo ee ae 127 remy tie a 48
Ruphvlax cee. 147, 148, 570, 571 | Setratus, Eupanopeus_---------------------- Be
IROGKACE SD sect ee en oe ota ee eee 180, 210 Panopeus------- f Maecenas Pan eta a
Ree) he IEP IES 176 Nerbstiwarse 2.8 eee 360, 363
ToLUNGa,ophactaea. =. sea ane 248 Bue FeSO Sooo eee can a ae oe
rotundata, Lophactaea-__._------------------ DAS | PSOE en Ce Bes
Platypodia..._.-.---- 7, 246, 248, 249, 574 ___Xantho_-.--.------------- Rates oO
Ped citerclist een ee 149 | Setigera, Actaea_.-..------------- 7, 250, 251, 254, 575
4 err NMOL 1). pig. | Sebostis,) @eneer.___ ------—---22seaseeee aan 202
=a RR Ve oor SA hao 139 | Sexdecemdentatus, Cycloxanthus------------ 290
i Cronius ee 7. 138 139, 142, 143, 570 sexdecimdentatus, Cycloxanthops --------- 290, 578
Berean ARM ST ies 139 Cycloxanthus___--------- 289
rubra, Charybdella_.......------------------ 139 PARES DOU US eee es =
ATTA Rae Nm RE 139 Kantho. -=s2see0 22225 290
PTC A cence etc 2: 957 | Sexdecemlineatus, Cycloxanthus-_----------- 230
nodosa, Actaea._----.- ob aga || Poe ES anaes oe
Teapeehae Se ON geo 55g | Sicarius, Corystes---------------------------- 12
oetaedoaas Achiod ee ene 257 Pseudocorystes-----.-------------- 12, 564
rugosa, Cycloxanthops-_-_------------------ 292, 293 eee aie cree mana en
Med Seen ae eee 272, 273, 576 Slimpsonl, Fanopeus NerpDstii lorma-___--__---- ,
THEOSUE, Bone are 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 356, 582
Pan oe RA # 334, 347, 353, 365, 582 | Simaloensis, Hexapanopeus ------ 7, 384, 398, 403, 584
Moeraxanthuse ee eo eee ee ee ee 459, 586 Siri da Area. .--------- TSS a a ee 134
Pai phi tenis Me beans Oo. © 479 | smithii, Achelous spinimanus--------------- 63
mapa Cen) PENG EI: 479 Eriphia laevimana var-_----------- 546, 550
; Moe 472, 479 | Snodgrassi, Leptodius__---------------- 297, 303, 579
PseudocarcinuS=o22c2- cee eseete aces 479 Somateria____------ SGReMaT GA Lai Tk ee 332
RDeCta Disses sae oe ee eee 332
Ss VITO OR Sek oe een eee eee Ares 332
SSG Hasso S28 aan acenes ae eee eee 351 | somaterianus, Lophopanopeus-_------- 320, 332, 581
Sandicrabeee_ acco see tee aerat tao see ee Gp DeckKlGd Grd Dia sete een een 134

608 INDEX
Page Page
‘spectabilis, (Cancer: 227 sein se sor Pe ee ee 247.) Teétraxanthus.-<.i0-- +22 aed 237, 458
Platypodia:.....Jcb--93 7, 246, 247, 574 bidentatus. .22 22222 453, 458, 459, 586
Bomaterigzs. ac. Ses ee ss 332 TUGOSUS 3232 Ake ee AE 459, 586
spinicarpus, ‘Achelouslj2222. 22-2 see 92.) texana,, Neopanope. 22). ee ee 367, 583
Neptunus (Hellenus) -----_____- 33, 92 texana. 2452545825. 35 367, 379
Portunus (Achelous)--- 6, 36, 92, 94, 568 sayi, Neopanope_----_-_- 367, 368, 369, 370, 583
spinifera, Actaea.22.cses 2 ee 262) |: /fexanus,, Neopanope.-—--= = a ee 367
spinifrons ;Eriphiaw.o225_2e eee ee 545 Pano petis eit eee 367
6pinimans, A.chelouset wee vies! aes. 2 63 sayi, Neopanope®--- 222522 tn eee 369
MA ee ooo ne ee te 62 | thalamita, Melybia___._._.....________ 561, 562, 593
Bupeéat 220 23) 1. ais) Ls 625); Thalamitinae= = eee 13, 33
spinimanus; -Achelous_--_-_-____-__- eee ee 62;/68) || ‘Thranisteszsseics25 soe ae ae 27
Caner .sesss55.5525- See! 274) VE hranites® ign Waser See ee 27
Med aeulsss3220e. 45s As 7, 274, 275, 576 Voloxs isu UTS 22s Se ee 27, 28
Portunus 2:22 5--- 2255 22s meets 62,68 ! tomentosus, Actaeodes__-...-.---_._-_______- 250
(Achelous)¢ 222444-=- 6, ZOzyMUS: 2 ese 250
33, 35, 36, 62, 566, 567 | townsendi, Pilumnus___-_._-_---___-_- 483, 504, 589
smnithil, Aichelous_._ + Sse2 63 | toxotes, Callinectes_-_ 6, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 127, 569
spinipes, Micropanope.-.._------------ AD a43, O868 |e eRrachycarcinuse ste sees ae ee eee 149, 164, 165
Pilamnus: 67.329). once eels 443 aicocki eee eee 165
spinohirsutus, Acanthus__-----.------- 481, 503, 504 balssi 53. 52.7 ase eae eee 165
Pilumnus----- 7, 484, 503, 504, 505, 589 corallintis#=22-2- ee 164, 165, 571
spinosissimus, Piluminus_.---.--------- 484, 494, 588 spinulifense-cae- eas 165, 166, 571
spinoso-granulatus, Leptodius__---------_- 308, 579 | transversus, Achelous_- ....-------------____ 56
‘spinulifer, Miedaeus._. 2228-2 oe eee 274, 276 Eurypanopeus___--_-- 404, 407, 409, 419
Pilumnus: 525-52 sss use t pe 276 IN@ptUnUS S28 e sete a eee 57
Trachycarcinus_-.---5+---.4 165, 166, 571 PAnODOUS 22 ese are eat eee 407, 425
‘spinulosum, Corystessis2= 2s) 222s a ees 160 Portunus See eee ne eer 57
My popeltaridmess= asses 160, 161 (Portunus) ee 57
Peltarionea- ose) es PEO RLG ING 27 ovens rape aes ee ene ee eee eee 239, 556, 557
SqUamata, Hop hiaueease asses 7, 545, 550, 552, 592 corallina/l =. Sc Sis cetee cee eee 559
stanfordi, Portunus (Achelous) ---------- 35, 69, 567 Cymodoces. 22-52. seeee eee 556, 557
sternberghii, Leptodius_-_------- enuntinh ohe al he 3ll ferruginea eo see ean 557, 592
<Xanthodiwsss-==s—= ses 311, 313, 580 maculata_-___- 556, 557, 558, 592
stimpsoni, Cycloxanthops--..-.------------- 315 digitalisew=ss)steneeeseue “556, 557, 559, 592
Man NOLS 2222 eee ae 315 fermngineas 3225 eee 557, 558
Manthodius: 2... sees 7, 311, 315, 580 maculatasses. eee eee 558
stimpsonii,. Pilummnus_.-...-..---222422 484, 524, 589 {OFMOSAS = 22 2enSeee ene oe mee 559
Stonoverabss.s cose see eel ee 472 maculatacc2 22222 22 ee 558
Ssulcata,-Actaéa..eos) Js 23 2 aes 7, 251, 259, 575 MMPTO-fUsSCA= <= so oe escent ee enone 559
phimediae <2 22 ee 250 Tufopunctatal 2-0 == 558
Sulcatus,/Cancer marinus. 27 5-S2 see LOH Tei ChOCALCIAUS he ees ee ee 176
IN@pinUS 22.225 -2 2s Ae 4 43, 46 dentatus-2-2-=-- 7 Sak eee 205
Paraxanthias--2--225--- 2 === 466, 469, 587 gibbosulav.s---- eee 176
Portun uses aoe eee 43 OLeZOnensis assesses e eee 226
(Portunus)o2.2 233 43 TOCUnVIG ORS a= =a eae 228
Xan thidsheyee eee ye ee Se 469 walkeriic=222 22-5 oyna eee 228
anthodeswtise aces. see snes AGO G8 Zen eri CHO Corse ose a 176
superba, Bathynectes_-..--..-------- 27, 28, 564, 565 gibbosula se snc ee eae eee 176
SUperbus, eontunussse ees eee 28 OTOZONONSIS S22 es soe 226
Swimmin giera b=. 22.2352 a nee 13a UTI Chopeltari On esse eee eee ee 149, 165, 167
Ty MODs cos ewe ees 167, 168, 571
{abosanas, Leptodius. ae ae 297, 304, 579 | Trichopeltarium....------------------------- ne
taboguillensis, Micropanope._--------------- 439 eae ee
xantusii__ 428, 439, 585 tridentatus, Coenophthalmus ------------ 30, 31, 565
tander Pangncas: te eae 437, 440 Leptodius-.------------- 7, 297, 308, 579
taylor, Parixanthinn: eee Pan OezE a 466, 587 | trimaculata, Corystes (Anisopus)_----------- 24
SAN e nnn eee Poe 46g | trimaculatus, Anisopus_-_-....--------------- 24
Manthod es. sae wan sce bee one 466 Ovalipes Gane e Se PERO eae oy os
Delemicsss chor aeonase ee ae 150 | trinidadensis, Lobopilumnus agassiziiforma__ 526,
Telmessis.. 8 2 foe eae DOL ED 149, 150 ae
cheirazonusS 2222-2 eee2 oe toe eeeee 150)" | teispinosa: Amphitriterss 22s) eeen ns 130
SOLERUUS= ceases seer one reese ee ae 150 Tp 8: oe ee Sa Se eo 130
LONax PIV GLa see Cnn ene ee ee et S40 tristan, MUnyhitMe sens ee anne 7, 423, 425, 585
MeredOe: ita cee pec eece eee one eee AtAwa95. | tristis, \OarpilOdeSies-ss oan aaa ae ee 241
tessellata, Pilumnus reticulatus forma__ 484, 522,590 | truncatifrons, Micropanope---------- 7, 428, 433, 585
Gesselisttisy Rilumnusie. seen eae ee ees 521 !' truncatus, Metopocarcinus.------------- 1, 318, 580

O

INDEX 609
Page Page
enbercilatns, Acholous-o--se-e<ee sense eens O07) ewan thous Jeo ee ee ed ele 278
Neptunus) 22225-32252 2.--2 90 Gas 2 Se Ls i eee 320
Portunus (Achelous) _----- 36, 90, 568 bifronset eee eee ee Ac De pe 278
abenculosns;) Oviuss 2-2 senseeceene ones cees 539 Crenatises so ae a iD 418
kumiduls, Charybdella-22-25522-2225.252- 25. 142 donticulata sta se ni) ne 315
tumidulus, ‘Achelous. 2.-222522-5=2--s2s25<2 142 denticulatusisitet) uke ny Dead "314
(Cronus 2se2sseseaeae eee 189, 142, 144, 570 exaratus var. sanguinea_____________ 303
Neptunus-----------_--__=______ 142 Pandicnaudie es oe ee ee 278
tumidus, Callinectes__.._.-_-_-.----.--_-_- 131, 569 Paudichandii=- es. — less ee eens 278
turgidus, Panopeus-.-------.----------- 334, 364, 583 prandimantssssue ls aeeruen mane 540
typica, Lobopilumnus agassizii forma_-.-__- 526, 590 ELAN TMMOSIS ae ae See 246
Panopeus herbstii forma_--__.------- 337, hom phillianass= sess anen une 320
338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 582 Heemiline 80 o Danie eas a 314
occidentalis forma_-.-..--- 582 Namarckiit see a 464
U lamellipesst=. toa a 317
undecimdentatus, Atelecyclus__-----------_- 149 Tatimantis esi seus ee 433
Gancer. eee 149 (Leptodius) sanguineus_____________ 303
angulatus, Phymodius-. 2. ----2=5¢22-=--<2-- 294 TBE COUAKIA Sara en en nee se ae ee 472
Upeneus martinicus__....-...----- 65, 73, 86, 87, 145 miultidentatys=-o= == - eee 315
urinator,, Micropanope- ——..-o---5-22-- 428, 451, 586 moyvem-dentaluss- = se sae sea 292
Etre S eae or et oe oe Se Le 451 OLDIGH ia S522 a 280
V panvirlust sa on es FO 404
vaillantianus, Carpiloxanthus_.------------- 241 plana------------------------------- 288
Valid USM Pano peTse eee eee eee 346 Planissima. ---.-.---------.._-.-.--- 421
Pasian ey wees Te ein ee ak eee 33 Planus-_---------------------------- 288
Velox Mihranibes ss soe se es eee eee eee 27, 28 S02 Cl aaa 250, 251
Tontraliss NeptnnuUS- = o-oo ee ee 42, 43 sexdecimdentatus____---_-_-._____._ 290
Ponbrntisst mete we hee ead 43 CLES ee eee 307
(Portunus).....-.--- 34, 43, 565 stimpsoni-__.---_-----_-----_-.---.- 315
ELI CUlatayACtACa se eens ee en eee 267 vermiculatus)22-s--easee> 263, 265, 266, 268
vermiculatus, Cancer....-------------------- 266 NER er eee ee 291
Glyptoxanthus.--_----_- DEgT DEBE B TD il) nee OCS eee eee eee meee 464, 465
Xan thostesss soot ee 263, 265, 266, 268 ANGUS tS noon oe wan enemas 433
WerrenuMiin Oise = 20S ee oe) 2k 540, 591 biden tatns Ssecas=naanen aaa eee 458
VESUEUULSSPXCATIDN INS oo aes eke 464 granosomanuS-------._--________ 464
Virvans. Xiphonectes.-.22-2<5-s-cee soko s 33 hemphillii-------------_-_.-... 320, 322
vigintispinosa, Oeidea_-__.-_.--.------------- 10 inscul piaeeaeese=aenee ee 468
villosus, Acanthocyclus_.._..---------------- 172 WAL ARS eee ee 433
vinaceus, Pilumnus___------.--------- 493, 494, 496 leucomanus:--------__-_______ 324, 325
virgatum, Conchoderma..-__------.--------- 39 novemdentatus-_-..----....._._- 292
VIL At ATP NANItHO Se ee ee eset tes ene S 291 BU CAL HS aoe 469, 587
vittatus, Cycloxanthops_--------_- 290, 291, 292, 578 lay lori beeeeen an eee ee 466
veri pray COMAbteriAN 22a. \= seen ee ee 332 UN GUS eee es eee ee 438
‘VOCANS WINGDLUNUS! 29a eee os GON oNanthoditiss ts eee ee eee 235, 311, 313
(Amphitrite) se eee 60 AMCTICANUS i cenn ae aeee enna a 305
Portunus (Portunus)--_--------- 35, 60, 566 denticulatus_____-.---.- 7, 311, 314, 580
Ww Hebesse seek ae ee -- 311, 313, 580
walker vDniGhocarcinus=-222- se. . eee 228 LOD AUS S428 se ee ee eS 310
websteri, Eupilumnus--.---.-—.--.----.-=- 553, 554 DSrviluste. sess eee ee 305
wurdemannii, Panopeus.-..-__.--_--__- 360, 456, 458 sternberghii=s2-5.----= === 311, 318, 580
ate stimpsoni== 2-2~2-22s2-=5 7, 311, 315, 580
Bwarvardeynorguillacs 2.2 ne) eek ee 133° Xantusii, Achelous:=..5:22--2<-----=2-ss5-=-- 50
Dont hisses ace kek 236, 464, 465, 466 Micropanope-_---------- 7, 427, 428, 438, 585
Pranglimanus= 2228222 ho ee eee 439 Neptunus: :=..-2s-<-<ssss=--2c-. 50, 56, 57
BTIOETIDU SS = te ek EES. 464, 587 PilwmMnuUs= 225.22 sess5 7, 484, 486, 507, 588
AISCHIPtA= =e == es baa ee 468, 469 IPOrbunus 2227 5-2 a saa eeeeee 50
ANS CUUP CUS eee oe etme mC 468 (Portinus) ae 6,
PUN S oeyeeeNe See he 450 35, 36, 50, 54, 76, 78, 80, 565
DOCS ae aoa oe eee 2 be 440 taboguillensis, Micropanope-__ 428, 439, 585
sulcatus): 4.305 pee eee 469 Xanthodess-.2- 55 es oe Se 438
taylors te oes we eee oS 466) |, ~Siphonectos--2-- === -- === oa aoa een snc 33
Wostituss 2 4 ~ 22< ike ae a 464 Vigilans= S202 .2225 2-5 ee 33
Man thidaezs=-. sola 2 ke SS sehen 6, 7, 9, 233

xanthiformis, Micropanope-.----- 7, 428, 442, 444, 586 Z

IPANODPSUS sea — ss ae eee 449) Zovymus tOMmentosus. 2 ~-+--- nase eee eee 250
79856—30 40

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